Causes of Biodiversity Loss Environmental Resource Management.
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Transcript of Causes of Biodiversity Loss Environmental Resource Management.
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Causes of Biodiversity Loss
Environmental Resource Management
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Development• As population grows,
landscape changes• Settlements are growing into
megacities• Land uses are changed• Rivers are dammed or diverted• Modern agriculture & forestry
techniques displace plants
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Biotechnology• Humans are now breeding new
species in a lab• Some new breeds of plants
and animals have been helpful• Scientists now creating new
life forms with unknown effects• New species modify habitats
and destroy other species• Research is expensive
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Genetic Modification
• The total area of land around the world sown with genetically engineered crops increased 25 times between 1996 and 2000. A dramatic slowdown of this rate from 40% to 11% in between 1999 and 2000 may reflect public concern about the risks of these crops.
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Use of Fossil Fuels• Combustion of oil, natural gas,
coal, and by-products like propane and gasoline pollute the air and increase the greenhouse effect
• CO2 content has increased more than 30% and methane content has increase 145% since pre-industrial times
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Use of Fossil Fuels
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Pollution• Wastes, gases, and toxic
chemicals from industry, energy production, sewage, fertilizers, transportation, and pesticides contaminate the air, soil, and water resources
• Contaminants are absorbed into the plants and animals
• We then eat those species!
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Exploitation• Commercial and recreation
(fishing and hunting) overkill of a species
• Public demand for tropical hardwoods remains high
• Some animals seen as vermin or a threat, some used for “alternative medicine”
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Poverty• Globalization puts pressure on
countries to build their economies – at the expense of their environments
• National debts in developing countries are often paid by clear cutting or cash crops
• Local dependence on the land is therefore even harder
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“UN Environment Chief Targets Poverty”
• UNEP says the rich world is not doing enough to make sustainable development a realistic goal for every country.
• "The fundamental constraint to achieving sustainable development is social inequality and its associated evils: poverty and ignorance."
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Bio-invasion• Invasive species are ones that
are not native to a particular ecosystem
• Pose threats to native species through competition for food
• Some “hitchhike”, others are intentionally introduced
• “Introductions, like extinctions, are forever.” Ellen Marsden
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Life Out of Bounds• “Bioinvasion – the spread of
alien, "exotic" organisms – is gnawing away at ecosystems all over the world, largely unnoticed and unopposed.
• “The continuing increase in travel and trade around the globe is fostering the spread of more and more invaders of almost every conceivable description.”
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Policies• Governments want to
encourage development, but are not ecologically based
• Lack of property rights and corrupt governments mean less interest in taking care of the resources
• Effective environmental protection laws are scarce
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Policies
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So, for final exam review the following with regard to Causes of Biodiversity Loss of Natural
Resources
• Development• Biotechnology• Use of Fossil Fuels• Pollution• Exploitation• Poverty• Bio-invasion• Policies