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INTERNATIONAL MARINECLAIMS CONFERENCE - 2015

DAMAGES DUE TO CAT FINES

Mark McGurranManager, Marine Engineering Serice!Regi"na# Manager, $u## % Mac&iner'

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What are Cat Fines?

N"( a ca( (&a( )an(! ("*ine '"u an+ ea( '"ur+"##ar!

u( (&e en+ re!u#( can !(i## .e er' e/en!ie

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Ca( Fine! are a.ra!ie ar(ic#e!, "r *ine!, (&a( are*"un+ in re!i+ua# *ue# "i#

' re!i+ua# *ue# "i#, )e ean &ea' *ue# "i# 3$FO4,inc#u+ing in(ere+ia(e *ue# 3IFO4 $ea' "i# i! (&ere!i+ua# "i# #e*( "er a*(er (&e #ig&(er +i!(i##a(e *ue#!&ae .een +i!(i##e+ an+ re"e+ *r" (&e cru+e

!("ck "i#

$ea' "i# i! c"n!ue+ in (&e ain engine! "* (&ea"ri(' "* (&e )"r#+! in(erna(i"na##' (ra+e+ e!!e#!,

an+ in "!( ca!e! in (&e au/i#iar' engine! a#!"

T&ere are ari"u! e(&"+! "* +i!(i##a(i"n u!e+ ("re"e (&e!e +i!(i##a(e! an+ arrie a( (&e re!i+ua# "i#

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T&e (ra+i(i"na# *ac(i"na# +i!(i##a(i"n e(&"+ "*!eara(ing cru+e "i# in(" i(6! +i!(i##a(e an+ re!i+ua# "i#

ar(! u!e! &ea( (" .ring (&e !("ck "i# (" (&e +i**eren(."i#ing "in( (eera(ure! "* (&e ari"u! +i!(i##a(e!

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 An"(&er kin+ "* +i!(i##a(i"n i! Ca(a#'(ic Cracking T&e!("ck "i# i! a!!e+ (&r"ug& a rec("r c"n(aining

c&eica#! 3ca(a#'!(!4 in (&e *"r "* a#uina an+!i#ica in a *ine ")+er un+er &ig& re!!ure! an+(eera(ure!

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T&e !i#ica an+ a#uina ca(a#'!( ")+er !&"u#+reain "n (&e reac("r !i+e, .u( inei(a.#' carr'"er

in(" (&e +i!(i##a(e c"#un "ccur! re!u#(ing in (&ere!i+ua# "i# an+ (&e !#urr' c"n(aining (&e a.ra!ie!u.!(ance kn")n a! Ca( Fine!

Ca( *ine! are (&ere*"re .a!ica##' a#uiniu an+

!i#ic"ne "/i+e! in !a## "r *ine ar(ic#e *"r T&e'are er', er' &ar+ an+ a.ra!ie

S" &ar+ in *ac( (&a( )&en c"are+ "n (&e M"&!6!ca#e, (&e' can .e a#"!( a! &ar+ a! +ia"n+!

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7ue!(i"n8

$") an' "* '"u &ae .een in"#e+ in a Ca( Finec#ai recen(#'9

 A : ;e!

 A : N"

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T&e r".#e i! ge((ing )"r!e

M"re *ue# i! .eing re*ine+ (&i! )a', an+ (" c""un+(&e r".#e (&ere i! n") a +rie *"r #") !u#&ur*ue#!

One "* (&e c""n e(&"+! "* r"+ucing #")

!u#&ur *ue#! i! (" i/ in (&e !#urr' *r" (&e ca(a#'(iccracking r"ce!! (&u! .ringing +")n (&e ("(a#!u#&ur c"n(en(

S" n"( "n#' +" )e &ae Ca( Fine! in (&e re!i+ua# "i#(" .egin )i(& .u( )e are a++ing !#urr' )i(& "re Ca(Fine! in(" (&e i/

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I( +"e!n6( en+ (&ere

In !"e ar(! "* (&e )"r#+ u!e+ #u.e "i#! 3ULO4 i!i/e+ in(" (&e re!i+ua# "i# (" ac&iee +i**eren(gra+e!

T&e a++i(i"n "* (&e!e ULO, +ue (" (&eir in&eren(

a++i(ie!, #ea+! (" an eu#!i*'ing e**ec( re!u#(ing in(&e +ir(, )a(er an+ Ca( Fine! .eing !u!en+e+ in (&e*ue# "i#

T&i! "* c"ur!e ake! i( uc& &ar+er (" re"e(&e!e iuri(ie! .e*"re (&e *ue# i! c"n!ue+

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What damage is caused by Cat Fines?

I* Ca( Fine! *in+ (&eir )a' in(" an engine (&e' )i##u!ua##' ge( e.e++e+ in (&e !"*(er e(a# !ur*ace! "*(&e "* (&e c'#in+er #iner! an+ i!("n ring!

T&e' )i## a#!" nega(ie#' iac( (&e "era(i"n "* (&e

*ue# u! an+ inec("r! )&"!e *ine ("#erance! an+"#i!&e+ running !ur*ace! are in("#eran( (" !uc&&ar+, a.ra!ie e#een(!

I* *ue# (&a( c"n(ain! &ig& #ee#! "* Ca( *ine! i!c"n!ue+ in (&e engine, #ee#! "* )ear (&a( )"u#+u!ua##' (ake #ace "er 'ear! can "ccur in a a((er"* +a'! "r )eek!

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Ca( Fine! are ar(icu#ar#' +aaging (" c'#in+er #iner!a! (&eir !ur*ace! are n"( "#i!&e+ an+ !""(&, .u(are &"ne+ (" gie an "en gra&i(e !ur*ace (e/(ure)&ic& r""(e! (&e #u.e "i# (" a+&ere (" (&e !ur*aceinii=ing e(a# (" e(a# c"n(ac(

Ca( Fine! +aage iac( ."(& *"ur an+ ()" !(r"ke

engine!, .u( (en+! (" &ae a "re +ea!(a(ing re!u#("n ()" !(r"ke engine! a! (&e *"ur !(r"ke e(&"+ "*!#a!& c'#in+er #u.rica(i"n i! .e((er a( )a!&ing (&ea.ra!ie ar(ic#e! a)a'

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C'#in+er #iner e/ce!!ie#' )"rn an+ +ue ("Ca( Fine!

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Ca( Fine! +aage can #ea+ (" (&e nee+ (" re#acea## i!("n!, i!("n ring!, c'#in+er #iner!, c'#in+er&ea+! % a#e!, (ur."c&arger!, *ue# u! :.a!ica##' an' engine c""nen( (&a( cae in("c"n(ac( )i(& (&e *ue#

I* an engine i! a##")e+ (" c"n(inue (" "era(e )i(&

e/ce!!ie#' )"rn c""nen(! +ue (" Ca( Fine+aage (&e "!!i.i#i(' e/i!(! *"r een grea(er+aage (" "(&er ar(! "* (&e engine "r r"u#!i"n >genera(i"n !'!(e! +ue e/ce!!ie i.ra(i"n an+

!(re!!e!

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7ue!(i"n8

I! (&i! )ear c"n!i+ere+ "r+inar' )ear % (ear9

 A : ;e!

 A : N"

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Levels of Cat Fines

ISO !eci*ica(i"n "u(#ine .unker *ue# ?ua#i(' "n aarie(' "* arae(er! T&e #a(e!( !eci*ica(i"n!, ISO@21 8 2012 gie! (&e a/iu Ca( Fine! #ee# a!B0g er kg "* *ue#

 A! a gui+e, (&e in+u!(r' !(an+ar+ *"r an' engine.ui#+er! rec"en+ a a/iu #ii( "* (" 15ger kg

T&ere i! (&ere*"re ".i"u!#' a ga &ere Fue# cana!! (&e ISO .unker !eci*ica(i"n .u( can !(i## .e"(en(ia##' er' +aaging (" an engine

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Detecting Cat Fines

Once an engine i! !u!ec(e+ "* &aing .een+aage+ .' Ca( Fine!, (&e i!("n ring! an+ re#ica!"* (&e c'#in+er #iner )a##! can .e e/aine+ un+eragni*ica(i"n (" #""k *"r ei+ence "* Ca( Fine!

 A agni*ica(i"n "* a c'#in+er #iner )a## !&")ing a 25icr"n Ca( Fine! ar(ic#e e.e++e+ in (&e )a##

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 A agni*ica(i"n "* c'#in+er #iner )a##! !&")ing('ica# acce#era(e+ )ear ark! +ue (" Ca( Fine! an+a c#u!(er "* Ca( Fine ar(ic#e! e.e++e+ in (&e!ur*ace

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The cost of Cat Fines

C"!(! re#a(ing (" Ca( Fine! +aage! can .e!igni*ican(

 A#(&"ug& (&ere i!n6( rea##' an aerage e!!e# i* )e#""k a( a i++#e "* (&e r"a+ e!!e# *i((e+ )i(& a !ing#e

0,000.& !#") !ee+ +ie!e# re?uiring (&e *"##")ingreair! +ue (" Ca( Fine!8Re#aceen( i!("n!, i!("n ring!, c'#in+er #iner!,*ue# u! an+ &aing c'#in+er! &ea+! an+ (&e

(ur." c&arger "er&au#e+

e are #""king a( a reair c"!(! "* !"e)&ere in (&eregi"n "* US00,000 (" US1,000,000 : .e*"re an'au/i#iar' engine +aage reair!

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Cause and Prevention

O.i"u!#' Ca( Fine! can6( .e a cau!e i* (&ere are n"Ca( Fine! in (&e *ue# in (&e *ir!( #ace

I* (&e *ue# *ai#! (&e ISO !eci*ica(i"n (&en (&e .unker!u#ier i! a( *au#( !" (&ere )i## n"( #ike#' .e a c#ai

T&ere*"re (&e ain rea!"n (&a( (&e re!ence "* Ca(Fine! in *ue#! re!u#(! in c#ai! i! (&e *ai#ure ("r"er#' r"ce!! (&e *ue# "n ."ar+ (" .ring (&e Ca(

Fine! #ee#! +")n *r" (&a( )&ic& can a!! ISO ("(&a( )&ic& can !a*e#' .e c"n!ue+ in (&e engine

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T&i! i! ac&iee+ .' r"er &an+#ing, *i#(ra(i"n an+uri*ica(i"n "* (&e *ue# "n ."ar+ F"r (&i! (" .e!ucce!!*u# (&ere nee+! (" .e (&e c"rrec( r"ce+ure!in #ace an+ ."(& (&e c"rrec( e?uien( an+ c"rrec(#ee#! "* cre) c"e(enc' "n ."ar+

unker! u!( .e (e!(e+ an+ re!u#(! receie+ an+

ana#'!e+ EFORE (&e' are c"n!ue+ "n ."ar+T&i! re?uire! e**ec(ie .unker anageen(r"ce+ure!

Fi#(ra(i"n an+ uri*ica(i"n !'!(e! u!( .e *i((e+ an+r"er#' ain(aine+ an+ "era(e+ T&i! can .e+i**icu#( gien (&a( "n#' "+ern cen(ri*uge! are (ru#'caa.#e "* &an+#ing "+ern &ea' *ue#! )i(&!eci*ic grai(ie! ar"ac&ing 101

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7ue!(i"n8

I* a e!!e# i! n"( *i((e+ )i(& "+ern cen(ri*uge! an+r"er *i#(ra(i"n, can a !ucce!!*u# cre) neg#igencec#ai .e a+e (&a( (&e cre) +i+ n"( re+uce (&e Ca(Fine! #ee#! a! (&e' )ere !u"!e+ ("9

 A : ;e!

 A : N"

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Once (&e *ue# i! r"er#' uri*ie+ i( can .e !en( (" (&e!erice (ank Fr" (&ere i( nee+! (" .e &an+#e+ an+*i#(ere+ c"rrec(#' .e*"re .eing a+i((e+ (" (&e engine

 A ('ica# *ue# !'!(e i! !&")n "n (&e ne/( !#i+e I(!&")! (&a( (&ere are a( #ea!( (&ree !e(! "* *i#(er! in(&e !'!(e

T&i! a' !ee #ike a #"( .u( (&e' can "n#' .ee**ec(ie i* (&e' are !ui(a.#e *"r (&e ". an+ areain(aine+ an+ "era(e+ c"rrec(#'

Man' engine anu*ac(ure! a#!" in+ica(e (&a( aa/iu Ca( Fine! ar(ic#e !i=e "* ar"un+ 15irc"n! i! acce(a.#e : .u( (&e' +"n6( a#)a'! *i(*i#(er! .e#") 20 icr"n!

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7ue!(i"n8

S&"u#+ (&e ISO !eci*ica(i"n! nee+ (" .e a+u!(e+(" a #ee# (&a( (&e engine! can c"e )i(& regar+#e!!"* (&e "n ."ar+ (rea(en(9

 A : ;e!

 A : N"

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Mark A McGurranL"n+"n O**!&"re C"n!u#(an(! Singa"re