Category specificity in the brain?. INTRODUCTION Category-specific deficits: Category-specific...
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Transcript of Category specificity in the brain?. INTRODUCTION Category-specific deficits: Category-specific...
Category specificity in the brain?
INTRODUCTIONCategory-specific deficits:
Category-specific (associative) agnosiaProsopagnosia
Word blindness
Category specific aphasiaNaming
Acquired prosopagnosia as a face-specific disorder: Ruling out the general visual similarity account
(patient PS)Busigny T., Graf, M., Mayer,
Bruno Rossion
Neuropsychologia 48 (2010) 2051–2067
Discrimination between novel 3D geonlike shapes
Discrimination between living and nonliving objects
Discriminating between similar cars
Discrimination between faces
Categorical specificity in perception?
Modularity and categorical specialization in high-level visual areas.
Keren
Vicki
What does categorical specificity in the extrastriate area tells us about categorical specific impairments?
Developmental Prosopagnosia
Selective visual streaming in face recognition: Evidence from
developmental prosopagnosia(Case YT)
Shlomo Bentin, Leon Y. Deouell
and Nachum Soroker
NeuroReport 10, (1999) 823-827
YT – Neuropsychological profile
• Benton's Visual Retention: • Copy: 10/10• Immediate memory 10/10
• Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure:• Copy: 36/36• 5 minutes delay: 27/36
• Boston Naming Test: • 50/50• Judgement of Line Orientation: • 30/30
• Color Identification: • 20/20
• WAIS-R• Verbal: 127• Performance: 113• Full Scale: 124
• WMS-R• Verbal memory: 123• Visual memory: 121• General memory: 127
• Western Aphasia Battery (Apraxia subtest): • 20/20
YT – Neuropsychological profile - 2
• Behavioral Inattention Test for Visual Neglect:• Line Crossing: 36/36• Letter cancellation: 40/40• Star Cancellation: 54/54• Figure & Shape copy: 4/4• Line Bisection: 9/9• Representational Drawing: 3/3• Total score: 146/146• Facial Recognition Test • 41/54 (40=borderline)
• Warrington's Visual Memory Test:
• Recall of words: 48/50• Recall of faces: 32/50
YT has a normally discriminative FFA
N170 is not discriminative in YT
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0Left
HemisphereRight
Hemisphere
ControlYT
N17
0 A
mpl
itude
Diff
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nce
(µV
)
Right hemisphere
Control
YT
Left Hemisphere
N170
FacesObjects
Control
YT
Faces Objects
Too Many Trees to See the Forest: Performance, Event-related Potential, and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Manifestations of Integrative
Congenital Prosopagnosia(Case KW)
Shlomo Bentin, Joseph M. DeGutis, Mark D’Esposito,
and Lynn C. Robertson
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, (2007), 132–146
KW – Neuropsychological profile
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Visual acuity as measured by Snellen chart at 35 cm (OD 20/20, OS, 20/25)
Color vision as measured by Dvorine Color Plates (14/14).
Object recognition, on the Boston Naming Test (BNT) (60/60)
Hooper test 28/30 (normal mean 26.75 SD=1.97)
Identification of famous movie stars and politicians 10/60 (controls 39/60)
Cambridge Face Memory Test 39/75 (controls 59/75)
Warrington Word/Face Memory test: Words: 50/50Faces : 23/50
Benton Face Recognition Test: 33/54 Severely impaired
KW – No face selectivity in extrastriate cortex
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KWA
B
D
Objects - places
Faces - placesControl SubjectsFaces vs. places
t-value+7
2 -2
-7 Faces - objects
C
KW – Impaired global processing
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Incongruent Congruent
Local Global
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358
253 259
392
350342 330
0
50
100
150
200
250
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350
400
450
RT
(m
illi
sec
on
ds)
control controlKW KW
No global precedence
No global-to-local interference
Augmented local-to-global interference
KW – N170 effects: special sensitivity to features
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Control
N170
+2.5 µV
-2.5 µV
100200 3000-100 400500
KW
100200 3000 400500 ms
ControlKW
-2-1
N170 effect (Faces - watches)
Ma
gn
itu
de
of
the
eff
ec
t (µ
V)
0
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Left hemisphere Right Hemisphere
C
Ma
gn
itu
de
of
the
eff
ec
t (µ
V)
-2
-1
0
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Left hemisphere Right Hemisphere
Inner Components effect
E
Functional Plasticity in Ventral Temporal Cortex following Cognitive Rehabilitation of
a Congenital Prosopagnosic(Case MZ)
Joseph M. DeGutis, Shlomo Bentin, Lynn C. Robertson,
and Mark D’Esposito
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, (2007), 1790–1802
MZ – normal FFA selectivity
MZ: Faces > Scenes
MZ – Training effects on performance
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Before Training After TrainingA. B.
MZ – N170 selectivity before and after training
N170
100 200 3000-100 400 500 100 200 3000-100 400 500
mic
rovo
lts
Before Training After Training
-5 µV
+5 µV
Before-1
0
1
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Control MZAfter
A B C
milliseconds milliseconds
FacesWatches
N170 effect
Perception or semantic knowledge?
Living non-living distinctions in perception and naming.
The Sensory/Functional Theory
Adi
Domain-specific organization of conceptual knowledge in the brain – The ontogenetic theory
THE END