Science Equipment for Education

science

I

science

Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 10

Fluids, gasses and heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 24

Waves, sound and light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 38

Optics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 58

Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 74

Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 108

Magnetism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 118

Atomic and nuclear physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 132

Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 138

Microscopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 154

Biology & Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 172

Chemistry and lab equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 182

Alphabetic/numerical index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 192

II

science

About Frederiksen

Physics Equipment for Today and Tomorrow Frederiksen has been developing and producing physics equipment for half a century . Physics teachers in Denmark and around the world cooperate closely with Frederiksen in the continuing evolution of new, improved and more versatile equipment to meet changing needs .

Just as Newtonss laws of motion are universally valid, we aim to provide world-wide users with science equipment which is

suitable for any curriculum in any country well-designed and of high quality competitively priced

In order to supply you with nothing but the best, we depend on your feedback with comments and suggestions . Whether you want to order new equipment or suggest improvements, please get in touch with us . If you seek advise on applications, feel free to contact your SF dealer for straightforward information backed by experience .

Development and production

High quality, user-friendly design and pedagogical value for students are keywords guiding our product development group . At the same time we do our best to optimise design for producing equipment for you at the most competitive prices .

Our highly qualified, well trained staff keep up to date on the newest production techniques so that our production department can make maximum use of modern technology .

III

science

Frederiksen web site:www.frederiksen.eu/en/homepage

Please visit our web site in order to see the latest news.

You will also find updated manuals for our products.

IV

science

Article numbers for all mains connected products in this catalogue refer to the 230V/50Hz version .

However, nearly all products can be supplied for other combinations of voltage and frequency .

We kindly ask you to specify on your orders or inquiries if you need an alternative version

Please also notice that our stock level of alternative versions is lower than for the standard version

science

Measurements

11

page

2

page 3

page 4

page 6

page 10

meAsurements2

science

Length

RulerWood . Length: 50 cm, graduated in millimetres and centimetres . Horizontal reading .

1405.00 Ruler

RulerWood . Length: 1 m, graduated in millimetres and centimetres . Horizontal reading .

1405.10 Ruler

Measuring wheelThe measuring wheel is supplied with a handle, and each rota-tion is accompanied by a click representing 1 meter . Marked in 2 cm and 10 cm intervals .

1428.00 Measuring wheel

Calliper gauge, plasticMeasuring length 130 mm . Overall length 170 mm . Equipped with depth gauge and vernier scale for reading to 1/10 mm .

1440.00 Calliper gauge, plastic

Calliper gauge, stainless steelHigh quality calliper gauge with measuring length 155 mm/ 6 inches . With vernier scale for reading to 1/20 mm, depth gauge and locking system .

1440.20 Calliper gauge, stainless steel

Calliper gauge, digitalHigh quality calliper gauge with measuring length 150 mm/ 6 inches . Resolution 0 .01 mm . Zero button and mm/inches switch . Battery (LR44) included .

1440.30 Calliper gauge, digital

Micrometer screw gaugeMaximum measuring length 25 mm . Precision 0 .01 mm .A precision micrometer with specially hardened and ground screw, lock lever and ratchet stop . Supplied in a protective case .

1450.50 Micrometer screw gauge

1405 .00

1405 .10

1440 .20

1440 .20

1440 .30

1450 .50

1440 .00

14828 .00

meAsurements 3

science

mass

Beam balance with support standThis sensitive beam balance is supplied with a support stand . It is provided with a knife edge bearing in hardened steel, an adjustment screw for zeroing, a 28 cm indicator needle with scale and detachable 120 mm diameter weighing pans . For buoyancy experiments, the balance is provided with hooks (for suspending a weight) and a plate (for supporting a beaker) . The sensitivity of the balance is 50 mg . Height: 35 cm, Depth: 20 cm, Width: 40 cm .

0916.00 Balance with support stand

Balance weights setSet comprising of 16 weights from 10 mg to 50 g . Supplied in a plastic box . Nickel plated tweezers included .

0955.30 Balance weights set

Digital scaleHandy digital scale in slim design with large weighing plat-form and easy to read LCD display . Weighing range 0 to 5 kg . Accuracy 1 g . Tara function .Battery powered, uses three 3510 .04 AAA cells (included) .

1028.07 Digital scale

Digital scaleWeighing range 0 to 200 g with 0 .1 g accuracy . Automatic power-down . Battery powered . Batteries (3 x 3510 .05) included .Stackable .

1028.15 Digital scale

Power adapterOptional power adapter for 1028 .15 digital scale (100-240 V AC . 50/60 Hz . Euro plug) .

3550.50 Power adapter 12 V

0916 .00

1028 .07

0955 .30

1028 .15

meAsurements4

science

Specific gravity weight set 6 different materials: Fe, Al, Bi, Zn, wood and cork . 3 of the cylinders have the same weight i .e . Al, Bi and Zn (41 g) . Four of these cylinders have the same diameter . The remaining weights have different volumes and shapes . The sizes of the weights are easily measured . Supplied in a plastic box .

1510.05 Specific gravity weight set

Specific gravity cubes6 different materials each in three different sizes .Delivered in a plastic box .

1500.10 Specific gravity cubes

Specific gravity cylinders3 different materials with the same volumes . Al, Cu and brass .Diameter 20 mm, height 31 .5 mm . Supplied in a plastic box .

1510.10 Specific gravity cylinder

Specific gravity cubesDimensions 10 x 10 x 10 mm . For illustration of the specific gra-vity of different materials . The set comprises six different ma-terials: Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb and wood . Supplied in a plastic box .

1500.00 Specific gravity cubes

Specific gravity cylinderBrass cylinder for determining specific gravity and volume measurements . Height 28 mm .

1510.80 Specific gravity cylinder

1500 .00

1510 .05

1510 .80

1510 .10

1500 .10

meAsurements 5

science

Pycnometer, calibratedThis device is used to measure the density of fluids . Also called a specific gravity bottle . Manufactured of glass with a tightly fitting ground glass stopper with a fine hole in it . Calibrated . Volume: 50 ml .

1520.00 Pycnometer, calibrated

Pycnometer, un-calibratedA smaller version of 1520 .00 but un-calibrated . Volume: 25 ml .

1520.10 Pycnometer, un-calibrated

AreometerA device for finding the specific gravity of liquids . Density range: 0 .700-1 .000 g/cm3 . Accuracy 0 .005 g/cm3 . Total length: 300 mm .

1530.00 Areometer

AreometerDensity range: 1 .000-2 .000 g/cm3 . Accuracy 0 .010 g/cm3 . Total length: 300 mm .

1530.10 Areometer

Areometer with thermometerFor determination of the salt content of seawater . Tempera-ture table supplied . Total length: 265 mm .

1530.30 Areometer with thermometer

Alcohol meter1 - 100 vol % . Total length: 300 mm .

1530.90 Alcohol meter

1520 .00

1530 .90

1530 .20

1530 .30

1530 .10

1520 .10

meAsurements6

science

timeDemonstration stopwatchEasy to read from a remote distance . Quartz clockwork with dials .Range 0-60 seconds 0-60 minutes . Diameter 110 mm . Supplied with battery .

1495.20 Demonstration stopwatch

Digital stopwatch, Profile OneThe stopwatch has an LCD-display with a wide viewing angle and clearly visible 8 mm digits (1/100 sec: 4 mm) . Functions: start/stop/reset, addition, intermediate times /splits .

1485.45 Digital stopwatch, Profile One

Digital stopwatchLow cost digital stop watch with LCD display with 5 mm digits . Functions: start/stop/reset, addition, intermediate times/splits, standard time and date .

1485.15 Digital stopwatch

StopwatchSeconds scale 0-30 s . Minute scale 0-15 min . Accuracy 1/10 s . Three function buttons for start stop and reset .

1485.00 Stopwatch

Digital countdown clockLCD digital countdown clock with 35 mm digits . Alarm function .

1492.05 Digital countdown clock

1495 .20

1485 .45

1485 .15

1485 .00

1492 .05

meAsurements 7

science

electronic counter

Versatile

User-friendly

Highly accurate

This microprocessor controlled eight-digit counter can be used for measurement of time intervals, periods, revolutions per second, frequency, pulses etc . Measures time intervals from 0 .01 millisecond and frequencies to 2 .5 MHz . The counter is provided with a 25 mm high easy-to-read LED display, and a logically arranged control panel making the apparatus highly suitable for demonstration experiments as well as for student lab exercises .An indicator shows the units of measurement, while the display indicates the input terminal being used . Start/stop terminals for attachment of microphones, photocells, free fall equipment etc . are provided . The counter can be used with a GM sensor (no . 5135 .70 or 5135 .65) for measurements of radioactivity with selectable gate times . Memory is provided for storing measured values as well as an RS-232 port for connection to a computer . A free PC program (download from http://datalyse .dk) is recommended for use with the counter

Start / StopWorks as an electronic stopwatch with a time resolution down to 0 .01 ms

CollisionFor collision experiments (conservation of momentum) . With two photocell units, up to 4 passage times are measured .

AccelerationWith two photocell units, passage times and also time from photocell to photocell are measured .

PeriodMeasures the period of a signal . During pendulum experi-ments with a photocell unit, the counter can be set to ignore every other passage, thereby obtaining the correct period of oscillation .

FrequencyMeasures frequencies between 0 .01 Hz and 2 .5 MHz with the following resolution: 0 .01 Hz to 1 kHz: 0 .01 Hz; 1kHz to 10 kHz: 0 .1 Hz; 10 kHz to 2 .5 MHz: 1 Hz

CountEvent counting (typically radioactivity) either with manual start and stop or for pre-determined intervals . Counting can repeat continuously e .g . for determining radioactive half-lives . Possible counting times are 1 s, 10 s, 60 s, 100 s (plus manual start/stop) . Max count: 10 .000 .000 .

General SpecificationsTime intervals from 0 .01 ms to 100 s, resolution 0 .01 ms (1 ms for times over 10 s in Collision and Acceleration mode) .Dimensions: 405 x 116 x 205 mm .Power supply: 230 VAC, 50 Hz

2002.50 Electronic counter

Measurement of pendulum period .

Measuring the speed of sound .

2002.50

meAsurements8

science

student timer

Time measurements from 0.03 ms to 27 hours

Measurement precision 0.01 ms

Accepts start and stop signals from microphones, photocells or any on/off switch connected to the 4 mm sockets

Manually controlled stopwatch option

Simple operation excellent for student experiments

Particularly well suited for experiments like: The free fall Speed of sound

Technical specifications:Display: 5 digit LED with floating decimal pointResolution: 0 .01 msInputs: DIN 6 pole connectors for photocells and microphones; 4 mm safety jacks for free fall experiment or other equipmentPower: 6 ea . AA batteries or mains adapter (incl .)

2002.60 Student timer

Photocell unitThe unit is suitable for measuring time intervals e .g . for experi-ments on an air track, pendulum period, period of rotation, etc . The unit consists of a photocell which is illuminated via a one millimetre aperture by light from a light emitting diode . Two LED indicators are provided . Red: The unit is powered . Green: Light reaches the receiver .The photocell unit is provided with two 6 pole DIN connec-tors for connection to the electronic counter no . 2002 .50 or 2002 .60 and for daisy chain connection to additional photocell units, when signals are to be sent to the same input connec-tion on the counter . Connector cable is provided . The unit is in rugged plastic housing with threads for horizontal or vertical mounting using the 10 mm mounting rod provided . Gap width: 90 mm . Dimensions: 160 x 120 x 28 mm .

1975.50 Photocell unit including cable and mounting rod

2002 .60

1975 .50

meAsurements 9

science

Free fall apparatusThis apparatus is designed to be used with an electronic counter to determine the fall time for a freely falling steel ball . The apparatus consists of a release mechanism which also acts as the start switch, a landing pad which acts as the stop switch and various gold plated steel balls . The release me-chanism is provided with two connectors for 4 mm safety banana plugs for connection to the counter start input . A 10 mm mounting rod for mounting the mechanism on a lab stand is supplied . The landing pad is also provided with two safety connectors for connection to the counter stop input .

1980.10 Free fall apparatus

MicrophoneThe microphone is intended for the measurement of sound frequencies, the speed of sound and the recording of sound for Fourier transformation .The microphone itself is very small and is therefore very suita-ble for measurements of sound interference .It is supplied with a one meter cable with a 6 pole DIN plug and connects directly to the electronic counter type 2002 .50 or student timer type 2002 .60 . The microphone can also be connected to an oscilloscope or other measuring instruments via a type 2515 .60 power supply . The frequency range is 20-20 .000 Hz . Supplied with a 10 mm support rod . (Stand base not included .)Dimensions: Length 105 mm, greatest diameter 24 mm .

2485.10 Microphone

Clapper boardThis clapper board is ideal for producing the sharp sound pulse required for measuring the speed of sound . Consists of two hinged hardwood blocks . Dimensions: 27 x 50 x 300 mm

2482.00 Clapper board

2485 .10

1980 .10

1980 .10

2482 .00

meAsurements10

science

FeaturesAccuracy: The Dynamometers provide superb linearity and the 100 mm long scales are sharp and clear for excellent resolution .

Durability: The spring is sealed in the acrylic tube - it doesnt get tangled or over stretched .

Zero-adjust: Easy and accurate zero-adjust by means of the knurled nut uppermost on the dynamometer .

Sealed scales: The scales are inside the acrylic housing so that they wont wear off .

Colour coded: Each dynamometer has its own colour code and the max . range printed on the scale .

Boxed set of dynamometersKeeps the right dynamometer for the right purpose at hand anytime!Handy foam-lined box with partitions holds the entire range of dynamometers 0 .1 - 0 .2 - 1 - 2 - 5 - 10 - 20 - 50 - 100 Newton . The box is also excellent for safe and easy storage . Box with carrying handle, dimensions: 33 x 27 x 5 .5 cm .

1039.00 Boxed set of Dynamometers1039.10 Foam-lined box only

ForceDynamometersThe Frederiksen dynamometers are available in 9 different models covering the range from 0 .1 to 100 Newton . These high quality metric dynamometers are precise, durable, and calibrated in Newton . The graduations are easy to read and the resolution is 2% of full scale .

No. Range Resolution Colour Code Dimension in mm

1038 .00 0-0 .1N 0 .002N Silver 16 x 265 mm 1038 .10 0-0 .2N 0 .004N Beige 16 x 265 mm 1038 .20 0-1N 0 .02N Yellow 16 x 265 mm 1038 .30 0-2N 0 .4N Red 16 x 265 mm 1038 .40 0-5N 0 .1N Blue 16 x 265 mm 1038 .50 0-10N 0 .2N Green 16 x 265 mm 1038 .60 0-20N 0 .4N Violet 16 x 265 mm 1038 .70 0-50N 1 .0N Orange 20 x 310 mm 1038 .80 0-100N 2 .0N Gold 20 x 310 mm

1039 .00

1039 .10

science

Fluids, gasses and heat

1111

page

12

page 14

page 16

page 18

page 20

FLuids, gAsses And heAt12

science

thermometersThermometerLab thermometer with blue mercury filling on a white scaleRange: -20 to +360 C . Resolution: 1 C . Length: 340 mm . Diameter: 7 .5 mm .

0575.20 Thermometer

Thermometer without scaleBlue alcohol filling . Range approx . -10 to +110 C .Length 260 mm .

0590.10 Thermometer without scale

Digital thermometer type 305A handy and robust digital thermometer supplied with a blue rubber protective case and a fold out stand . Hold and Max functions .Temperature range: -50 .0 to +1300 C . (-58 .0 to +2000 F) .Resolution: 0 .1 or 1 C .Accuracy: +/- (0 .3 % + 1 C) -50 to +1000 C . +/- (0 .5 % + 1 C) 1000 to 1300 C .Display: 3 1/2 digits liquid crystal display .Update rate: 2 .5 times per second .Temp . probe: Ni-Cr-Ni type K (se below) . One wire-type thermocouple included .Size: 147 x 70 x 39 mm .Battery: 9 V IEC 6F22 (3510 .10) .

2606.10 Digital thermometer

Digital thermometer type 307As described above but with two type K thermocouple input connectors . The instrument can also display temperature dif-ference . Two wire-type thermocouples included .

2606.15 Digital thermometer, two inputs

Thermal sensorsRobust and inexpensive type K thermocouples supplied with flat jacks and strong spiral cord connection lead . Can be used for all instruments requiring this type of thermocouple .

Liquid sensor, stainless steel, sensor size: 105 mm x 3 mm diameter . Measuring range -50 to 800 degrees C .

2606.50 Liquid sensor 105 mm

Liquid sensor type K, stainless steel, sensor size: 200 mm x 3 mm diameter . Measuring range: -50 to 800 degrees C .

2606.51 Liquid sensor 200 mm

Air sensor type K, stainless steel, sensor size: 200 mm x 8 mm diameter . Measuring range: -50 to 800 degrees C .

2606.52 Air Sensor

Wire sensor type K, 120 cm long wire, measuring range: -50 to 200 degrees C .

2606.53 Wire sensor

0575.20

0590.10 2606.10

2606.15

2606.52

2606.51

2606.50

FLuids, gAsses And heAt 13

science

specific heatSpecific heat apparatusComprised by a vertical plate with grooves for three metal weights and for mounting a wax plate . The weights are made of aluminium, bismuth and zinc respectively and have the same weight . During the experiment the weights are heated to the same temperature and placed in the grooves above the wax plate . Due to differences in the specific heat of the diffe-rent metals the weights will melt to different depths . Includes three weights and 5 wax plates (2730 .05) .

2730.05 Specific heat apparatus

Spare wax platesFor use with 2730 .05

2730.01 Spare wax plates (10 pcs.)

CylindersSpecific heat capacity specimens, set of three metal cylinders made of bismuth, brass and aluminium . Weight respectively 200 g, 200 g, and 100 g . Diameter: 25 mm .

2725.10 Cylinders

Calorimeter, aluminiumDiameter 70 mm, height 90 mm . Outer vessel separately heat insulated by means of plastic cones .

2740.00 Calorimeter, aluminium

Stirrer for calorimeterMade of nickel plated brass

2740.05 Stirrer for calorimeter

Joules apparatusFor the determination of the specific heat capacity of liquid by the electrical method . Used together with calorimeter no . 2740 .00 . The resistance of the two constantan coils are 2 x 2 .5 . Lid made of Plexiglas with a hole for the thermometer .

2740.10 Joules apparatus

Immersion heaterUsed with insulated cups 2745 .00 for confirmation of Joules law . The plastic lid has a centre hole for a thermometer . A 2 .2 heating element is connected to two 4 mm safety jacks . Diameter: 65 mm . Height: 75 mm .

2745.10 Immersion heater

Insulated cupsThese thermal cups (25/package) are useful for experiments with specific heat . Fits cups no . 2745 .10 . Height: 85 mm . Upper diameter: 75 mm . Volume: 180 mL .

2745.00 Insulated cups

2730.05

2730.01

2740.05

2740.102745.00

2745.10

2740.00

2725.10

FLuids, gAsses And heAt14

science

2695.10

2695.00

thermal radiation

Large Crookes RadiometerThis beautiful, hand blown radiometer forms an eye catching demonstration of the conversion of radiant heat into motion .Tiny temperature differences caused by different surfaces on the vanes make the mill spin in the diluted air .The glass sphere is 110 mm in diameter .

2695.02 Crookes Radiometer, large

Crookes RadiometersSmaller than the above but still fascinating radiometers . Sphere diameter: 70 mm .

2695.00 Crookes Radiometer

2695.10 Crookes Radiometer, double

Heat radiation plateSquare steel plate mounted on a wooden handle . Used to de-monstrate the influence of surface properties on heat radia-tion . One side of the steel plate is blank metal and the other side is painted black . When heated, the two different sides will radiate heat at different rates . A heat radiation detector like 2872 .81 can be used or plate can be held close to your cheek for evaluation .Plate size: 175 x 175 x 1 mm .Total length: 370 mm .

2700.00 Heat radiation plate

Stefan-Bolzmann LampThis lamp enables you to examine the energy radiated froma hot object thus demonstrating the Stefan-Boltzmann law . The tungsten filament reaches temperatures above 2,500 K . The filament temperature is deduced from the resistance of the metal . To precisely measure the voltage drop, a separate set of connecters are wired directly to the bulb . Also very useful for studying the inverse square law .

2770.22 Stefan-Bolzmann Lamp

Heat radiation detectorThis sensor is sensitive to electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength region from 0 .25 m to 20 m, i .e . from the ultra-violet through the visible to the far infrared . The response of the sensor is uniform over its wavelength range . The output signal is proportional to the incident power per unit area striking the detector surface . The calibration factor is printed on a label on the sensor . For datalogging, the sensor plugs directly into Pascos analogue adapter .The sensor can also be used with the battery box 2515 .60 to provide the necessary 5 V DC bias voltage . When using the battery box an ordinary digital voltmeter can be used to read the output signal . A holder with a 10 mm rod for mounting on a laboratory stand is included .

2872.81 Heat radiation detector

2695.02

2700.00

2770.22

2872.81

FLuids, gAsses And heAt 15

science

Greenhouse effect set With this set you can explore the absorption of infrared radia-tion in CO2 . The radiation is produced by an IR source and passes through a gas cuvette before reaching the detector .The IR radiation source consists of a tungsten wire helix, to be powered by a 9 V, 1 .75 A power supply, connected to the two 4 mm safety type connectors . The radiation source is provided with a 10 mm mounting rod .The gas cuvette has three ports (pipe stubs) allowing various sensors and gas inlets to be mounted . A reference cuvette (without pipe stubs) is included for a direct comparison with atmospheric air .The detector is a custom made narrow band IR detector sensible in just the wave length interval where CO2 has a pronounced absorption band . The detector output should be connected to a voltmeter or data logging equipment . The greenhouse effect kit consists of the IR source, narrow-band IR detector, measurement and reference cuvettes, stop-pers, tubing etc ., hose clips, syringe, plastic wrap and O-rings .

2874.80 Greenhouse effect set

Individual components may be purchased separately:2874.30 IR source2874.00 IR detector for greenhouse effect2874.60 Gas cuvette set for greenhouse effect

Shown with stand material and cables not included .

FLuids, gAsses And heAt16

science

heat conduction, expansionMaterial samplesThe set consists of eight rods . It is used e .g . for demonstration of the various heat conductivities of these materials . They can also be used for experiments with density . All the rods have the same (2 cm3) volume . Materials: aluminium, lead, nylon, glass, rubber, iron, copper and brass . Supplied in a plastic box with clear lid . Length: 120 mm .

2690.00 Material samples

ConductometerThe different rates at which heat flows in various metals are shown by this device . Four rods of different metals (brass, copper, aluminium and iron) have one end clamped in an iron ring mounted on a rod with wooden handle . The four rods have hollow ends where a match can be inserted, and sulphur placed in the central hole . When heated, the matches will ignite in the order of thermal conductivity of each rod .

2690.10 Conductometer

Leidenfrost dishThe apparatus is a dish made of steel . The dish is heated up to several hundred degrees Centigrade, and a few drops of water are added to the dish . Some of the water remains liquid even though the boiling point of water is exceeded . The liquid forms a small sphere which moves about on a pillow of steam . The experiment demonstrates the poor conductivity of steam and also the high surface tension of water . Diameter: 56 mm . Height: 6 mm .

2635.00 Leidenfrost dish

Bar breaking apparatusFor demonstration of the effects of expansion and contraction . Supplied with 10 cast iron rods, which by heating or cooling of the centre rod can be broken due to the centre rods expan-sion or contraction . Overall length: 320 mm .

2660.20 Bar breaking apparatus2660.25 Extra cast iron rods (50 pcs.)

Bimetallic stripThe strips are supplied with an indentation for mounting under a faste-ning screw . Size: 0 .5 x 10 x 150 mm .

2670.00 Bimetallic strip

Ring and ballFor demonstration of heat expansion of solid bodies . Consists of a brass ring and a ball mounted on wooden handles .

2665.00 Ring and ball

2690.00

2690.10

2635.00

2660.20

2665.00

2670.00

FLuids, gAsses And heAt 17

science

gas LawsGasoline cannonThis demo illustrates the explosive power of hydrocarbons . The apparatus consists of a Plexiglas tube in which a piezo-electric spark generator is mounted in a rubber stopper in the bottom . The inner side of the tube is moistened with a small amount of gasoline, and the cork stopper at the top is put in place . When the spark generator is activated the explosive mixture of gasoline fumes and air is ignited, and the cork stop-per is fired from the top of the tube . Size: 710 mm x 52 mm diameter .

2648.00 Gasoline cannon

Pneumatic lighterFor demonstrating temperature increase when a confined gas is compressed . If an inflammable material is placed in the transparent cylinder, it will ignite when the piston is pressed to compress the gas . The lighter consists of the cylinder with piston . Included are a bottom plate with cylinder, O-ring lub-ricant, extra O-rings and inflammable material . Supplied with user instructions .

2649.00 Pneumatic lighter

Boyle-Mariotte apparatusThis device is used to demonstrate the connection between pressure and volume at constant temperature . The apparatus consists of a graduated cylinder with a piston . The cylinder acts upon a manometer via a narrow passage . The cylinder is supplied with a screw valve . The manometer diameter is 100 mm . Total length 350 mm .

1805.00 Boyle-Mariotte apparatus

Plastic cylinder with PistonFor demonstration of the relation between volume and pres-sure at constant temperature (Boyle-Mariotte) . The cylinder is graduated and provided with a 1 cm2 piston as well as strap and hook, allowing it to be acted on by a dynamometer .

1810.00 Plastic cylinder with Piston 1 cm2

1810.10 Plastic cylinder with Piston 2 cm2

2648.00

2649.00

1805.00

1805.00

1805.10

FLuids, gAsses And heAt18

science

PressureArchimedes cylinder setUseful for demonstrating Archimedes law . The set consists of a plastic weight with a small hook and a transparent container with two nylon loops: The upper loop is for suspension from a dynamometer or a balance (like 0916 .00) . The weight hangs from the lower loop . The plastic weight is immersed in water, and the buoyancy of the water acts on the cylinder with a force corresponding to the weight of the displaced liquid . The buoyancy is compensated for by fil-ling the container with water . The inner volume of the container is equal to as the volume of the plastic cylinder .

1640.10 Archimedes cylinder set

Liquid level apparatus To show that the level of liquid in connected ves-sels is constant regardless of the size or shape of the vessels . The tubes are mounted on a plastic base, diameter 120 mm . Overall height 230 mm .

1630.00 Liquid level apparatus

Hydraulic pressThe device consists of two glass syringes of 2 and 20 mL connected by a short PVC tube . Pressing one cylinder causes the piston of other to move . The distances which piston of the cylinders move are inversely proportional to the area ratios .

1650.00 Hydraulic press

Cartesian devilUsed to demonstrate liquid pressure . Hollow glass figu-rine, height ca . 45 mm .

1660.00 Cartesian devil

Air pressure demonstration jarAcrylic cylinder with rubber membrane . Used on a pump plate to demonstrate atmos-pheric pressure . Includes 1 rubber membrane (1625 .10) .Diameter: 150 mmHeight: 120 mm .

1730.00 Air pressure demonstration jar

Rubber membraneDimension: 200 x 200 x 0 .2 mm

1625.10 Rubber membrane

Collapsible metal canWith rubber stopper and valve .

1732.00 Collapsible metal can

1640.10

1640.10

1630.00

1650.00

1660.00

1625.10

1730.00

1732.00

FLuids, gAsses And heAt 19

science

Gas model with pistonFor use with 2185 .00 . Steel balls in motion represent gas mole-cules which lift a plastic piston due to repeated collisions . The model is supplied with piston, balls and a support for placing the apparatus on an overhead projector .

2185.55 Gas model with piston

Electromechanical vibratorThe vibrator is described in detail on page 28 .For use with gas model (2185 .55), the vibrator may simply be driven by a variable AC power supply . Another possibility is to use our 2502 .50 function generator .

2185.00 Electromechanical Vibrator

2185.55

2185.55

2185.00

Solids Gas under piston The gaseous state Brownian motion Boiling liquid

FLuids, gAsses And heAt20

science

VacuumWater jet vacuum pumpPolypropylene plastic pump . Connection threads for 1/2 and 3/4 pipes . Supplied with a reverse flow valve . Total length: 270 mm .

0690.20 Water jet vacuum pump, PP

Water jet vacuum pumpChrome plated brass with sealing fitting with 1/2 pipe thread . Supplied with reverse flow valve . Conical tube connection fit-ting 11-12 mm . Total length: 140 mm .

0690.30 Water jet vacuum pump, brass

Water jet vacuum pumpWith manometer of chrome plated brass with a scale from 0 to 1 bar . Accuracy 0 .025 bar . Total length: 160 mm .

0690.40 Water jet vacuum pump with manometer

Vacuum pump Double-stage electric rotary vane vacuum pump . Technical data:Mains operated: 220 V AC, 50 Hz, 245 W Free air displacement: 70 L/min . Ultimate vacuum: 0 .5 Pa (0 .05 mBar)Motor power: 1/3 HPFittings sizes: 8 mm hose pipe Oil: 220 mL Dimensions LxWxH: 315 x 240 x 120 mm

0695.25 Vacuum pump

Oil for vacuum pumpFor refilling or replacing the operating oil in vacuum pump 0695 .20 .

0695.30 Vacuum Oil 1 litre

Vacuum greaseSilicone grease for high vacuum applications . The grease is approved for temperatures from -40 to +250 degrees C . The can contains 60 grams .

890100-1 Vacuum grease

Vacuum meterThe meter scale goesfrom 0 to 1 .0 bar at 0 .05 bar intervals . The meter diameter is 50 mm . It is supplied with fitting for a vacuum hose .

0700.10 Vacuum meter

ManometerThis simple, user-friendly manometer has a digital readout display which shows the measured pressure directly in kPa . Measuring range: 0 to 200 kPa with an uncertainty of +/- 2 % . Connection directly to a tube connection on the front panel is possible for tubing with diameter 5 to 7 mm .Power supply: 6 ea . 1 .5 V AA batteries or mains adapter (in-cluded) .

1770.00 Manometer

8901.00-1

0690.30

0690.40

1770.00

0695.30

0695.25

0690.20

0700.10

FLuids, gAsses And heAt 21

science

Air pump plateThis plate is used with a bell jar for demonstration experiments involving low pressure . The plate is made of PVC and supplied with rubber feet . A conical vacuum hose connection is fitted with a valve . An independent thumb screw is used for return air . Two standard 4 mm jack connectors are provided with 4 mm jack connections available inside the jar . Plate diameter: 235 mm, height: 40 mm .

1780.00 Air pump plate

Bell jar with knobUsed in conjunction with pump plate no . 1780 .00 for vacuum experiments . The dome is made of rugged glass with a ground flange . Diameter 180 mm, height 250 mm .

1785.10 Bell jar with knob

DasymeterFor demonstration of air buoyancy when placed in a vacuum . Hollow plastic ball suspended on beam with adjustable weight . Dimensions: H . 135 mm, L . 120 mm, W . 65 mm .

1740.00 Dasymeter

Electric bell with rubber feetSuitable for demonstrating that sound does not propagate in a vacuum . Uses two 1 .5 V D-cells (3510 .07) (not included) .

4562.10 Electric bell with rubber feet

1785.10

1780.00

4562.10

1740.00

FLuids, gAsses And heAt22

science

VacuumMagdeburg hemispheres, student versionMade of black rubber . Package with 4 pairs .

1735.20 Magdeburg hemispheres, student version

Magdeburg hemispheresFor demonstration of the pressure exerted by the atmosphere . Made of chrome plated brass with rubber gasket . Provided with venting screw and connector with non-return valve . Diameter 110 mm .

1735.00 Magdeburg hemispheres1735.01 Rubber Gasket for 1735.00

Student bell jarThis bell jar provides a vacuum chamber for students to perform many experiments: Watching a balloon expand . Warm water boils as air is pumped from the chamber . Observing that a suc-tion cup no longer sticks when the jar is evacuated . Barometer 1771 .10 fits into the bell jar so the pressure inside can be measured .

1786.00 Student bell jar

Barometer, miniFor measurements of baro-metric pressure in millibars and millimetres of mercury with an adjustable dial to record the previous obser-vation . The diameter of the barometer is only 72 mm which makes it possible to place it inside the Student bell jar (1786 .00) to measure the pressure in the glass container . The barometer can be calibrated using an adjustment screw .

1771.10 Mini barometer

Pressure sensorsThese sensors are individually calibrated . The calibration con-stants are entered into the demonstration multimeter once . The multimeter is able to distinguish the two types of pressure sensors .The sensors fit plastic tubing with an internal diameter of 5 to 6 mm .

Low pressure sensor:Measuring range: 0-1300 hPa . Accuracy: 1%

IM-131410 Pressure sensor

High pressure sensor:Measuring range: 500-7000 hPa . Accuracy: 1%

IM-131510 Pressure sensor

1735.20

1735.01

1735.00

1771.10

1786.00

IM-131410

IM-131510

FLuids, gAsses And heAt 23

science

Demonstration Multimeter

Pressure, pH, temperature, frequency, voltage, current, resistance.

Maintaining maximum student interest in a demonstration requires student involvement . This demonstration multimeter allows students from anywhere in the class room to see the instrument readings first hand .

1. extra large digits

The bright 45 mm high LED digits can easily be seen from the back of the classroom .

2. extra large unit symbols

A bright 30 mm LED matrix shows the correct unit for the reading (hPa, V, pH, C, A, and Hz) .

3. Auto-ranging

The measuring range is automatically matched to the measured value .

4. One instrument for chemistry and physics

This versatile instrument measures not only the usual electronic quantities like volts, amps and ohms, but also pressure, pH and temperature .

Shown with IM-131410 pressure sensor and various vacuum equipment (not included) .

5. Back facing teachers display

A secondary display is available on the back of the instrument . Its 14 mm high digits are readable even a few metres away .

6. Computer interface

A serial interface is available for communication with a PC (eventually through a USB-to-serial adapter) . The interface is electrically isolated from the rest of the instrument . For control and data acquisition we recommend the free program DataLyse (download from datalyse .dk) .

3867.70 Demonstration multimeter

3867.70

FLuids, gAsses And heAt24

science

thermoelectric effectThermocoupleThis item can be used to illustrate the phenomenon of thermo- electricity . It consists of a piece of copper wire connecting two pieces of constantan wire . The copper wire is wound and soldered to the constantan wire . If a temperature difference exists between the two junctions, an electrical potential (of the order of millivolts) can be measured between the two constan-tan wires . Supplied with 4 mm safety jack connectors and with a 10 mm support rod .

4865.00 Thermocouple

Thermal generatorThe generator uses a Peltier element with 72 junctions con-nected in series and mounted on a cooling plate . If a tempe-rature difference exists between the two sides of the element, a potential difference will be generated (Seebeck effect) . On the other hand, if a current goes through the element, at tem-perature difference will appear between the two sides (Peltier effect) .The exposed side of the Peltier element can be readily heated or cooled e .g . using a metal container with hot or cold water . An electrical current can then be observed . The presence of this current is easy to show to a group using a small lamp (e .g . 1 .5 V, 0 .09 A - item no . 4250 .05) or a low torque motor 5015 .00 . If a power supply is connected to the Peltier element to pro-duce a temperature difference, voltage and current must be limited to 8 V, resp . 5 A .

4875.00 Thermal generator

4865.00

4875.00

5015.00

4875.00

science

Waves, sound and light

2525

page

26

page 30

page 32

page 35

page 37

wAVes, sOund And Light26

science

ripple tankWhether you are dealing with the wave properties of electromagnetic waves (including light), sound or other types of waves, their behaviour is analogous to the behaviour of waves on a water surface .Water waves have the advantage of being visible and moving so slowly that students can observe the wave phenomena directly .By taking advantage of the optical properties of water waves, they can be enlarged and made visible on a screen .The Ripple tank provides a dramatic demonstration of the general properties of waves and propagation phenomena .

1) Reflection and refraction . By using the linear dipper bar plane parallel waves can be produced . Reflection and refraction of waves can be demonstrated by using appropriate barriers in the water tank .

2) Interference occurs when two point source dippers generate circular waves . The distance between the sources and their frequency can be regulated .

3) The famous double slit experiment: When a plane wave encounters a barrier with two holes, these act like two point source dippers, giving rise to the same interference pattern .

4) The transparent lens cross section is covered by only a shallow layer of water . This decreases the propagation velocity corresponding to an increased index of refraction .

2211.00 Ripple Tank

1

2

3

4

wAVes, sOund And Light 27

science

The ripple tank is shown with the mirror and projection screen in place . By removing these, the wavepattern is projected onto the table top and can be traced on a sheet of paper .

The included vibrator is our rugged model 2185 .00 see next page for details .

The complete ripple tank comprises the following individual parts:1) Stroboscope unit (2211 .01) 2) Power Supply (Eur: 3550 .50/UK: 3550 .52)3) Traverse and rods (2) f . strobe (2210 .62) 4) Legs (3) and plate holder (2210,1013)5) Ripple Tank (2210 .33) 6) Mirror (2210,1011)7) Projection screen (2210,5093)8) Vibration Generator (2185 .00) 9) Holder for lever arm (2185 .05) 10) Lever Arm w . pivot (2210 .32)11) Rod with cross foot (2185 .06)12) Height adjust unit (2185 .07)13) Cable for vibrator (1100 .75)14) Remote control f . single pulses (1100 .80)15) Acrylic block, convex (2210 .29) 16) Acrylic block, concave (2210 .28)

17) Acrylic block, prism (2210 .30) 18) Dipper for parallel waves (2210 .25)19) Pipette flask w . detergent (2210,3190)20) Accessories in box (2210,0016) Comprises: Single dipper (2210 .22) Double dipper (2210 .23) Barriers, long (2) (2210 .26) Barrier, short (2210 .27) Single dipper tips (5) (2210,2202) Spare pipette (0561 .15)

The ripple tank set is supplied in a fibre box segmented for storing the components and with complete user instructions .

2211.00 Ripple Tank

With the ripple tank you will need a retort stand base like 0006 .00

0006.00 Retort stand base

1

2

3

14

13

8

11

12

19

20

18

10

9

15 16

17

6

4

5

7

0006.00

wAVes, sOund And Light28

science

Vibrator and accessoriesElectromechanical vibratorThis vibrator generates powerful mechanical vibrations when used with a signal generator like 2502 .50 . The rugged con-struction means years of problem-free use . The unit is fuse protected and supplied with a lock to fix the moving parts while changing accessories . The vibrator is supplied with mounting hardware, a string holder and a spare fuse .Max . input: 6 V/1A .Dimensions: 120 mm x 100 mmWeight: 1 .26 kg

2185.00 Electromechanical Vibrator

Chladni platesFor use with 2185 .00 . A thin layer of fine sand is spread over the plate, and resonance patterns (Chladni figures) can be observed at certain frequencies . The plate resonances are audible .

2185.20 Resonance plate, square

2185.25 Resonance plate, circular

8833.00-3 Sand for Chladni plates

Flat springs for resonance experimentsVarious lengths . For use with 2185 .00 . Fundamental frequen-cies at 11, 15, 21, 36 and 50 Hz can be readily observed . Interesting standing waves can be seen up to 300 Hz and heard up to 900 Hz .

2185.30 Flat Springs for resonance experiments

Gas model with pistonFor use with the 2185 .00 . See page 19 .

2185.55 Gas model with piston

2185.00

2185.20

2185.25

2185.30

2185.55

8833.00-3

wAVes, sOund And Light 29

science

Rubber string2 metres . For use with 2185 .00 for demonstrating standing waves .

2185.40 Rubber string

Lissajous apparatusThis apparatus is actually a simple oscilloscope . A moveable mirror is resting on a steel ball . The mirror tilts slightly along two perpendicular axes, controlled by two 2185 .00 vibrators . The mirror reflects a laser beam onto a screen . In this way the movements of the mirror is amplified .If the two vibrators are connected to two signal generators (like 2502 .50), whose frequencies are adjusted to a simple ratio like 2:3 or 4:7 the laser ray will draw a so-called Lissajous pattern on the screen .Vibrators, signal generators and light source are not included .

2185.60 Lissajous apparatus

Additional Equipment Needed

2 ea. Electromagnetic vibrators (2185.00)2 ea. Signal generators (e.g. 2502.50)1 ea. Laser (2885.00)

Longitudinal wave spring155 mm long and 27 mm diameter . Spring constant 4,7 N/m .

2155.50 Spiral spring

Piano wire ringUsed with 2185 .00 for demonstrating the relationship between frequency and the number of vibrational nodes . Diameter: 290 mm .

2185.10 Piano wire ring

2185.60

2155 .50

2185 .00

2185 .10

2185 .00

2185 .40

wAVes, sOund And Light30

science

Function generator

Designed for educationIn our development team we include experienced physics teachers . This ensures that the technical perfection goes hand in hand with usefulness .For basic use, you just operate two large buttons: One for frequency one for amplitude . Thats it .If you want to change waveform or to utilise the new step and sweep modes, the display keeps you updated on the status of the generator .

unique frequency controlThe frequency is set by a speed sensitive button . Turn slowly to set the displays last digit . Turn faster, and the response accelerates softly . We have designed this function to work in-tuitively in practical experiments with common physics equip-ment .

drives speaker, vibrator etc. directlyThe built-in 10 W power amplifier drives effortlessly power- consuming appliances as e .g . a vibrator . The amplifier can deliver more than 1 A for all frequencies between 0 .001 Hz and 100 kHz and is directly coupled to the generator part - no switches or external cables complicates use .

step modeIn many applications you need to study a physical system at a fundamental frequency and at different multiples of this frequency . The special step feature makes this task a breeze .

sweep modeThe generator can sweep through a frequency range in order to discover eventual resonances . You decide the frequency range and the speed . You have the choice between a linear sweep (fixed number of Hz per time) and a logarithmic sweep (fixed number of octaves per time) .

Advanced FeaturesThe generator connects to your PC through a standard USB cable and acts as a USB memory stick .Custom defined waveforms (e .g . created by means of a spreadsheet) can be saved to the generator .Sequences of settings can be programmed for automatic execution .

specificationsBuild-in waveformsBipolar: Sine, triangle, squarePositive: Square pulse, triangle pulse, ramp up, ramp downDistortion (sine): < 0 .1 % up to 20 kHz; < 1 % otherwiseFrequency range50 and sync outputs: 0 .001 Hz to 10 .00 MHzPower output: 0 .001 Hz to 100 .0 kHzFrequency stability: Better than 0 .005 %

Amplitude50 output, no load: 0 to 10 V (20 V p-p for bipolar waveforms)Sync output: 5 V (TTL signal: 0 to 5 V)Power output: 0 to 10 V (20 V p-p for bipolar waveforms)Max current50 output, short circuit: 200 mA (only briefly)50 output, into 50 : 100 mA (unlimited)Power output: 1 A (unlimited)Misc .Mains voltage: 230 V; 50-60 Hz (115 V on request: Item no . 2502 .51)Power consumption: 85 W (max) ; 21 W (idle)Dimensions (W x D x H): 312 x 205 x 117 mm

2502.50 Function generator

wAVes, sOund And Light 31

science

Loudspeaker, smallThis small loudspeaker approximates a point source of sound . Use two with function generator 2502 .50 in experiments with interference of sound waves . Mounted on a 10 mm diameter rod .Power: 1W into 25Dimensions: 165 mm x 67 mm .

2505.00 Loudspeaker, small

LoudspeakerThis three-way full range speaker system can be used with e .g . the type 2502 .50 function generator in the study of sound, frequency, amplitude and timbre .A 10 mm steel rod makes it easy to place the loud-speaker on a stand base like 0006 .00 (not included) . Frequency range: 60 - 20 .000 HzPower: 50 W into 4 Dimensions: H x W x D: 215 x 116 x 110 mm .

2510.51 Loudspeaker

Carbon microphoneThis historically important microphone type has a resistance that varies when sound waves compress the carbon granules in the microphone capsule . It should be connected to an external DC power supply though a series resistor .The microphone is provided with a cable with 4 mm safety jacks and mounted on a 10 mm support rod . (Stand base not included .)Resistance: 150 Maximum current: 50 mA . Dimensions: 67 x 155 mm .

2490.00 Carbon microphone

2485.10

2490.00

2505.00

2510.51

MicrophoneThe small size of this microphone makes it ideal for experi-ments with sound interference . Other typical applications are measurement of sound frequencies, speed of sound experi-ments and the recording of sound by data loggers .It is supplied with a one metre cable with a 6 pole, 240 DIN plug which connects directly to the electronic counter type 2002 .50 or student timer 2006 .60 . The microphone can be connected to an oscilloscope or other measuring instruments via type 2515 .60 power supply . The frequency range is 20-20,000 Hz . Supplied with 10 mm support rod .Dimensions: 105 mm x 30 mm .

2485.10 Microphone without stand

Microphone probeUsed for measurement of sound pressure levels in locations which are hard to access .The probe is intended for use with 2480 .10 resonance tube .Full description on page 33 .

2515.50 Microphone probe

Power supply battery boxMicrophones type 2485 .10 are usually powered by a counter or timer . Microphone probe 2515 .50 is powered when con-nected to appropriate datalogging equipment .If these microphones are to be used as stand-alone units (for instance with an oscilloscope), they need external power - which is provided by this battery box . Full description on page 33 .

2515.60 Power supply

2515.50

2515.60

wAVes, sOund And Light32

science

Resonant states in a tube closed in both ends.

Resonant States i a tube closed in both ends, while CO2 is fed through the tube.

Resonant States i a tube open in one end, and closed in the other.

Resonant States i a tube open in both ends.

Resonant States i a tube open in one end, and closed in the other, while changing the length of the tube with the movable piston. Sound come from either the speaker or a tuningfork.

resonance tube for sound experimentsThis resonance tube provides many options for working with sound waves: Examine standing waves in a tube open at both ends, closed at both ends or open at one end and closed at the other . Examine standing waves in a closed tube containing various gasses (e .g . CO2) . Vary the length of the half open tube by means of a piston .

The apparatus consists of a Plexiglas tube with two end pieces one with a loudspeaker and one with a hole for the piston shaft or for the 2515 .50 microphone probe . Cable for the loudspeaker, piston and two mounts are included .(Microphone probe and tripod stand bases are not including) .Dimensions: 100 cm x 7 cm .

2480.10 Resonance tube

Standing waves in a closed tube

Standing waves in CO2

Standing waves in a tube with open end

Standing waves in a tube with both ends open

Changing the length of the air column .A tuning fork or a loudspeaker can be used as the sound source

wAVes, sOund And Light 33

science

Microphone probeA miniature microphone is mounted at the end of a 740 mm long 8 mm diameter stainless steel probe for measurement of sound pressure levels in locations which are hard to access . The frequency range is 20 to 20,000 Hz .The probe is intended for use with 2480 .10 resonance tube .The probe is supplied with a 2 metre cable with a DIN con-nector .Note: The microphone is powered by an external voltage . This can be provided by our 2515 .60 power supply / battery box or by data logging equipment . In order to use the microphone with a multimeter or an oscil-loscope the 2515 .60 power supply is required .

2515.50 Microphone probe

Kundts resonance tubeThis apparatus is designed for demonstration of standing waves and for determination of the wavelengths of sound waves in air . The tube is supplied with a millimetre scale and a moveable piston for changing the length of the air column . (You will also need an external sound source - e .g . 2240 .10 Tuning fork 1000 Hz, together with 2245 .61 Striking hammer .)Dimensions: 66 cm x 3 cm .

2475.00 Kundts resonance tube

Power supply battery boxThe power supply is designed for use with microphones and other sensors that require + 5 V DC to operate . (It also makes it possible to use certain combinations of new and old equipment like photo gates and timers for details, refer to the manual available online .)The unit is provided with a battery compartment for 9 V alkaline battery type 6LR61 (3510 .10) which via an electronic regulator supplies the +5 V DC supply voltage for connected probes . The unit has two inputs with 6 pole, 240 DIN connectors and one input with an 8 pole, 270 DIN connector that also accepts a 5 pole, 180 DIN plug .The output terminals comprise two 5 pole, 180 DIN connec-tors and a set of 4 mm safety connectors . Dimensions (L x W x H): 14 .3 x 8 .4 x 3 .7 cm .

2515.60 Power supply

TrichordFor experiments with sound and oscillating strings . The ap-paratus consists of wooden resonance box with facilities for supporting strings under tension . One string is placed under tension using weights, while the other two can be stretched using a tightening key . The apparatus can be used to illustrate how the pitch of a tone depends upon the length of a string and its tension . Provided with a centimetre scale and with two steel and one nylon string . Length: 60 cm .

2465.00 Trichord

2475.00

2515.50

2515.60

2465.00

wAVes, sOund And Light34

science

2240.00 2240.10

2245.20

2230.05

2230.01

2230.10

2235.00

2220.00

2450.00

Tuning fork, aluminiumThe large oscillating area of these aluminium tuning forks ensures a good coupling to the surrounding air, making the sound clearly audible . Use one of these in Doppler effect de-monstrations by swinging it around in a string .The lengths are 118 and 104 mm, resp . Width: 30 mm .

2240.00 Tuning fork, 1700 Hz2240.10 Tuning fork, 1000 Hz

Tuning forks, steelThese tuning forks are made of nickel plated steel with the tone and frequency engraved .2225.00 Tuning fork 440 Hz. Length 120 mm2230.01 Tuning fork 440 Hz. Length 145 mm2230.05 Tuning fork 256 Hz. Length 170 mm2230.10 Tuning fork 512 Hz. Length 140 mm

Pair of tuning forks on resonance boxesThe tuning forks are manufactured in special nickel-plated steel . They are used for resonance and dissonance experi-ments . The resonance boxes are made of lacquered pine and supplied with thick felt pads on the bottom . The set includes a small weight for mounting on one arm of a fork in order to change the frequency . The standard frequency is 440 Hz . Set contains: Two tuning forks + boxes and a hammer .

2245.20 Pair of tuning forks on resonance boxes

Tuning fork set C-scale, physical

The set consists of eight tuning forks from C(256) to C(512)

manufactured in nickel plated steel with frequency values

engraved . Supplied in carrying case .

2235.00 Tuning fork set, C-scale

Tuning fork with writing tip

Frequency 128 Hz . One arm of the tuning fork is supplied with a pointed tip for marking

the oscillations on e .g . a soot-covered glass plate . Supplied with wooden handle .

Overall length: 335 mm .

2450.00 Tuning fork with writing tip

Tuning fork for demonstration experimentsIt is easy to hear an ordinary tuning fork but somewhat more difficult to show how it moves . The demonstration tuning fork oscillates at a frequency which is far below the audible range (around 5 .4 Hz) . On the other hand it is easy to observe its motion . Made of nickel plated steel . Length 75 cm .

2220.00 Tuning fork for demonstration experiments

2225.00

wAVes, sOund And Light 35

science

2212.00

2212.10

2155.70

2155.60

2155.65

Wave machineThe apparatus is used for demonstrating longitudinal and transverse waves . It is supplied with a drive shaft with a crank which acts on a number of vertical rods as it rotates . Each rod has a white marking at the top . Eight of the rods are supplied with an angular extension which makes it possible to observe the corresponding longitudinal wave . A 360 degree scale is mounted at the crank to enable the phase angle to be deter-mined . Dimensions: (L x H x D) 48 x 32x10 cm .

2212.00 Wave machine

Wave apparatus for transverse wavesThis is a very illustrative piece of equipment for demonstrating transverse wave motion . It consists of 35 massive metal rods 46 cm long suspended in the middle by a metal wire . The iner-tia of the system ensures slow and easily studied wave motion . The metal rods are provided with a yellow rubber marking at each end (contrasting with the black colour of the apparatus) . The apparatus provides an excellent illustration of the concepts of wavelength, frequency, amplitude, reflection and phase . Size: 90 x 46 x 30 cm .

2212.10 Wave apparatus for transverse waves

Spiral spring SlinkyThis loose, large diameter spring works well on a smooth floor or a large table for demonstration of longitudinal vibrations . Length: 150 mm . Diameter: 75 mm .

2155.70 Spiral spring Slinky

Spiral spring, 2 metresThe spring is used for demonstrations of transverse oscillations and for producing standing waves .Length, unloaded: 200 cm . Diameter: 10 mm .

2155.60 Spiral spring, 2 metres

Spiral spring, 3 metresThe spring is used for demonstrations of transverse oscilla-tions and for producing standing waves . Large, rugged and easy to see for a large audience . This demonstration spring is ideal for the introduction of the basic concepts of wave motion .Length, unloaded: 300 cm . Diameter: 19 mm .

2155.65 Spiral spring, 3 metres

wAVes, sOund And Light36

science

4895.50

2885.00

2885.20

interference experiments

He-Ne laser The laser emits light with a wavelength of 632 .8 nanometres . The emitted light is coherent, i .e . wave fronts propagate in the same phase over a large distance compared with ordinary light sources . The emitted light is highly directional and the beam diameter at the laser is about 0 .5 mm increasing very gradually at increasing distances from the laser . The light emitted is not uniformly polarized but changes its polarization at random around the direction of propagation . Light from the laser is ideal for demonstrations of optical interference . If a line grating is placed in the laser beam, the interference pattern will be clearly visible on a projection screen . The laser can be used for a wide range of applications in optics, communication etc .

2885.00 He-Ne Laser, max. 1 mW2885.10 He-Ne Laser, max. 2 mW

He-Ne laser, modulatedLike 2885 .00 but with the option of amplitude modulating the light . The laser is provided with a BNC connector for connec-tion to a function generator, CD-player or similar signal source . For demonstration of optical communication the photodetec-tor 4895 .50 is a perfect match . Maximum modulation frequency: 1 MHz

2885.20 He-Ne laser, modulated, max. 1 mW

Photodetector The photodetector is provided with a photo diode which generates an electrical signal proportional with the light intensi-ty . The signal can be applied to the built in loudspeaker or used for measurements via the AC and DC output connections . The photodetector can be used for demonstrating communication over a laser beam, fibre optic communication, plotting of inter-ference patterns, etc . The maximum frequency is 1 MHz .The DC signal, proportional to the light intensity, can be moni-tored by a voltmeter or datalogging equipment .

4895.50 Photodetector

Cable for photodetectorUsed to connect the DC output of 4895 .50 to e .g . a voltmeter .

1100.75 Cable, mini-jack to 2 banana plugs

Laser objectiveNeeded when the laser beam is just too narrow . Together with e .g . an F = 100 mm lens this convex lens is useful for illumina-tion of a larger area of a diffraction grating or a slide with slits . The objective is supplied with a threaded adapter for mounting on the lasers optics adapter .

0768.86 Objective 10x achromatic, N.A. 0.25

1100.75

0768.86

wAVes, sOund And Light 37

science

3272.00

3240.00

You will find more lasers and accessories in the Optics chapter.

Interference pattern model for overhead projectorThe set consists of two transparent plastic plates with printed wave front patterns for point sources on each plate . If the plates are placed on top of one another and slightly displaced, an interference pattern will appear . The pattern can readily be projected onto a large viewing screen using an overhead projector . By varying the distance between the centres of the circles, the pattern changes and topics like diffraction orders can be discussed .

3235.00 Interference pattern set

3235.00

Laser diffraction kit This kit comprises 18 slides which allow performance and de-monstration of e .g . Fraunhofer Diffraction, Fresnel Diffraction, a number of other diffraction experiments .

Six slides with 1 to 6 slits . Width 0 .06 mm, distance 0 .20 mm

Slide with holes, Diameters 0 .3 0 .4 0 .6 1 .0 mm Three slides with coarse gratings Two slides with fine diffraction gratings (80 and 300 lines per millimetre) Slide with a fine metal gauze (300 mesh) Slide with a tapered single slit Slide with a tapered double slit Two slides with polarizing filters Slide with a transmission hologram

The slides are labelled and come in a storage box complete with an inventory list and brief experiment notes .

3272.00 Laser Diffraction kit

Wavelength of lightThe apparatus is designed to measure the wavelength of light by studying the interference pattern from a double slit . The equipment is well suited for student lab exercises . The device contains a 12 V festoon lamp with a holder for colour filters and a millimetre scale with moveable markers . The light is viewed at a distance of about 3 metres through a double slit . The viewer directs a co-worker to adjust the mar-kers so that the distance between them corresponds to 10 interference maxima . Afterwards the precise distances can be measured and the wavelength of the light can be calculated . Red and blue colour filters and a double slit are provided .Power source required: 12 V AC/DC, 1 .3 A .

3240.00 Determining wavelength

wAVes, sOund And Light38

science

Sound level meterSimple sound level meter with standard meter display with two scales (high or low sound levels) . The built-in microphone has the same response as the average human ear . With built-in reference sound for calibration check . Battery level check function . Supplied in case with 9V battery and manual with sound level table .

Low range: 40 - 80 dBA SPL

High range: 80 - 120 dBA SPL

Dimensions: 60 x 65 x 38 mm .

2528.20 Sound level meter

Sound level meter, digitalRobust, user friendly sound level meter with 4-digital display . Measuring range from 30 to 130 dB divided into three ranges . User can choose dBA or dBC weghting .The instrument is provided with a max/min feature and an AC/DC output for connection to a chart recorder or data collection unit . An external 9V DC power supply may be used . Supplied in case with manual, battery and wind shield .

Technical Specifications:

Ranges: 30-80 dB, 50-100 dB and 80-130 dB

Accuracy: +/- 1 .5 dB

Resolution: 0 .1 dB

Frequency range: 31 .5 Hz - 8 kHz

DC output: 10 mV/dB, impedance: 50 AC output: 1 V RMS at full scale, impedance: 600 Power supply: 9 V block battery or line adapter

Size: 275 x 64 x 30 mm

2528.30 sound level meter, digital

2528.30

2528.20

science

Optics

3939

page

40

page 42

page 46

page 50

page 53

OPtiCs40

science

Optical benchStable optical bench offering a convenient way of carrying out optical experiments as well as different experiments with radioactive sources . The bench is made of black-anodized aluminium and equip-ped with ruler on the side . Supplied with the following standard equipment:

2 sliding saddles (no . 2946 .20) with 10 mm hole for fixing various equipment .

1 sliding saddle (no . 2946 .20) for optical disc .

2 bases with rubber pads and levelling screws (no . 2946 .30) .

Total length 1000 mm . Cross section 26 x 82 mm .

2946.00 Optical bench

Sliding saddleFor optical bench 2946 .00 . For fixing of optical equipment with max . 10 mm diameter fixing rod . Made of black-anodized aluminium with thumb screw and measuring line . Dimensions: 35 x 50 x 84 mm .

2946.10 Sliding saddle

Sliding saddle for optical discAs 2946 .10 but with the hole off-centre . Needed for 2900 .00 optical disc . (Also used in 5142 .00 muon observatory .)

2946.20 Sliding saddle for optical disc

Base for optical benchBase with rubber pads and two levelling screws, in black anodized aluminium . Length: 125 mm, Height: 50 mm, Width: 25 mm .

2946.30 Base for optical bench (single)

Extension sections for optical benchBlack-anodized extension section for the optical bench 2946 .00 Equipped with a ruler . Base (2946 .30) is not included .

2946.40 Section for optical bench 600 mm2946.45 Section for optical bench 1000 mm2946.46 Section for optical bench 2000 mm

Joint Link for optical benchJoint link in black-anodized aluminium with degree scale for coupling of the optical bench to the extension section .

2946.50 Joint link for optical bench

Profiled railShort section of the same profile as used in the optical bench without ruler, base and sliding saddles . Length 370 mm .

2946.35 Profiled rail

2946.40

2946.10

2946.20

2946.50 2946.30 (x2)

2946.00

2946.352946.10

OPtiCs 41

science

Ground glass screenMade of Plexiglas . Height 250 mm, width 250 mm, with 10 mm fixing rod .

3055.00 Ground glass screen

White screenIn laminated plastic with white surface . Height 250 mm, width 250 mm, with 10 mm fixing rod .

3055.10 White screen

Student Reuter lampThis simple, high intensity light is very suitable for experiments with lenses, prisms and optical gratings . The light source itself is a small festoon lamp with the filament aligned with the sup-porting rod making it easy to position on an optical bench . The long, narrow filament is ideal for performing experiments with lens optics and gratings . The lamp housing is supplied with a cooling fan which keeps the housing cool enough to touch even though the lamp is rated at 15 watts of electrical power .

2800.30 Student Reuter lamp

Experiment lampThis lamp emits a bright beam of light, ideal for many types of experiments and demonstrations . Focus and filament position are easily adjusted . Provided with safety jack connectors and a 10 mm mounting rod for use on an optical bench or with a laboratory stand . A 50 W halogen lamp is included .During operation the lamp housing is ventilated by means of a built-in ventilator, so the surface temperature of the housing will not exceed 60 C .The Reuter Lamp has both a bi-pin socket for halogen lamps 12 V/50 W (item no . 4270 .10) and a bayonet socket for 12 V/35 W lamps (item no . 4265 .40) . Length: 310 mm . Width: 76 mm . Height: 105 mm (excluding mounting rod) .Power supply needed: 12 V AC/DC, minimum 3 A (35 W lamp) or 4 .2 A (50 W lamp) .

2800.50 Experiment lamp

Aperture holder for experiment lampHolder for apertures, colour filters, etc .The aperture holder fits the lens mount of the experiment lamp . It is rotatable and can be used for apertures or filters mounted in standard slide frames .

2800.55 Aperture holder

2800.30

2800.50

3055.00 3055.10

2800.55

OPtiCs42

science

Lenses and apertures

Lenses in holderFor use with the optical bench . Lens diameter 50 mm . Mounted in rectangular plastic plate 100 x 100 mm with 10 mm stainless steel rod and printed focal length .

2950.10 Lens in holder, + 300 mm2950.20 Lens in holder, + 100 mm2950.30 Lens in holder, + 50 mm2950.40 Lens in holder, - 200 mm

5760.40 Storage block for 6 lenses

Iris diaphragmMaximum aperture 28 mm . Black 100 x 100 mm plastic screen with 10 mm fixing rod .

2960.00 Iris diaphragm

Lens and slide holderA versatile holder made to fix slides max . 50 x 50 mm and 50 mm lenses . Two spring loaded clips allow you to fix up to 16 mm thick len-ses and slides . Supplied with a 10 mm diameter steel rod for fixing in an optical bench etc . Overall length 170 mm .

2902.01 Lens and slide holder

Set of lenses 50 mm diameterThis set of lenses comprises 6 different lenses 50 mm . The lenses can be mounted in lens and slide holder 2902 .01 . The set of lenses may be used for a number of optical experiments but are also specified to be particularly well suited for laser experiments . A storage box is included . The set comprises lenses with the following focal lengths:Biconvex: 50, 100, 200, 1000 mm . Biconcave: 50 and 100 mm .

2903.00 Set of lenses 50 mm diameter

Adjustable slitSlit length 42 mm, width continuously adjustable to a maxi-mum of approximately 9 mm by means of a spring loaded knurled knob . Made of black coloured brass, placed in a black-anodized aluminium square, 150 mm side length with 10 mm steel rod . The adjustable slit can be positioned verti-cally or horizontally .

3230.00 Adjustable slit

2950.10-30

5760.40

2903.00

2960.00

2950.40

2902.01

2946.10

3230.00

OPtiCs 43

science

Slits and filter holderDesigned to accept slits and filters etc . 50 mm square of maximum 3 .5 mm thickness . Black 100 x 100 mm plastic screen with 10 mm fixing rod .

2950.80 Slits and filter holder

50 x 50 mm optical componentsAll of these are mounted in glass-less slides, unless otherwise noted .

Single slits, various widthsThis aperture consists of five different slit widths for demonstrations of diffraction patterns: 0 .04 0 .08 0 .14 0 .20 0 .26 mm . Size: 50 x 50 mm .

3230.10 Single slits, various widths

Double slitMounted in a slide between two glass plates . Spacing between slits 0 .1 mm .

3240.10 Double slit

Triple slit Spacing between slits 7 mm, slit width 1 mm .

3010.00 Triple slit

Seven slitsSpacing between slits 5 mm, slit width 0,8 mm .

3010.05 Seven slit

Arrow apertureSlit width 1 .5 mm . The slit is shaped like an arrow .

3010.10 Arrow aperture

F slitSlit width 1 mm . Used in optical experiments; the asymmetrical shape reveals whether the picture is horizontally or vertically inversed .

3010.20 F slit

Slides with circular aperture

3006.00 Slide, 1 mm hole3006.10 Slide, 2 mm hole3006.20 Slide, 4 mm hole

Frosted GlassGlass square 50 x 50 mm made of frosted Plexiglas . Fits standard slit support . Well suited to optics experiments .

3010.50 Frosted glass

2950.80

2

3010.50

OPtiCs44

science

reflection and refractionPlane mirrorGlass mirror, back-silvered with protective coating . Rectangular 180 x 120 mm .

3040.20 Plane mirror

Mirror, concave and convexBack-silvered 115 mm spherical mirrors 190 mm focal length, mounted back to back in a metal frame . The frame is mounted on a 10 mm rod, length 100 mm .

3065.00 Mirror, concave and convex

Set of mirrors, convex/concave Two mirrors, one concave and one convex . Fits holder 2902 .01 . Diameter 50 mm, focal length +/- 100 mm .

2903.10 Set of mirrors, convex/concave

Prism tableCircular disc 62 mm mounted on 10 mm rod . With adjustable spring loaded clamp to accommodate prisms from 10 to 50 mm high .

2990.00 Prism table

Prism, equilateralGlass prism with polished faces . Triangle side 34 mm, height 35 mm .2985.00 Prism, equilateral

Newtons prismAs item 2985 .00 but with triangle side length 34 mm and height 25 mm .2985.10 Newtons prism

Glass Prism, right angleSide lengths: 40 mm and 54 mm, height: 40 mm .2985.15 Glass prism, right angle

Crown glass prismTriangle side 30 mm, height 30 mm .2985.20 Crown glass prism

Flint glass prismTriangle side 30 mm, height 30 mm .2985.30 Flint glass prism

Rectangular prism, glassFour-sided prism with polished surface for experimenting with path of rays in plan parallel objects . Dimension: 60 x 20 x 20 mm .2995.00 Rectangular prism, glass

3040.20

3065.00

2903.10

2990.00

2985.00-30

2995.00

OPtiCs 45

science

Prism, hollow 60Hollow prism with 3 mm glass sides and a detachable top . Outer length 68 mm . Height 53 mm . For demonstrating refraction in liquids .

3000.00 Prism, hollow 60

Sugar prismThe sugar prism is used for measuring the sugar concentration in liquids, e .g . juice . Using a number of reference solutions with known sugar content one can compare the refraction of light, e .g . a laser beam, of reference samples and an unknown solu-tion . Supplied with complete instructions for student projects and experiments .

5459.20 Sugar prism

Light refraction tankThis Plexiglas tank is supplied with plane parallel sides . One of the corners in the bottom is cut off at a 45 angle to facilitate the entry of light rays . It is ideal for optical experiments with refraction and (total) reflection . To make the light rays visible in the water, a small amount of chalk powder can be suspended in the liquid . If the light source is white light or a blue or violet laser like our 1420 .95, a little fluorescein will give very good results . To make the rays visible in the air above the water, blow a little smoke into the tank .Size: 370 x 130 x 150 mm .

3015.00 Light refraction tank

Lid for 3015.00Needed to keep smoke inside the tank .

3015.10 Lid for 3015.00

Sodium fluoresceinWhen hit by shortwave light, fluorescein lights up with a bright yellowish hue . It is useful for showing the path of a light ray in a transparent liquid . Visible light or a blue or violet laser beam can be used . Sodium fluorescein can be supplied either as a powder or in solution .

8298.00 Sodium fluorescein, powder, 50 g8299.00 Sodium fluorescein, solution, 200 mL

Mirror, rotatable with indicator needleThis rotatable mirror is mounted on a stand . Useful for directing the light beam as desired inside the refraction vat .

3025.00 Mirror, rotatable with indicator needle

3000.00

8299.00

5459.20

3025.00

3015.00

OPtiCs46

science

geometrical opticsOptical discA 25 cm diameter white faced disc clearly marked at every 5 and with crosshairs at 90 to mark the centre . The disc can be rotated around the centre . The stand provided fits the special 2946 .20 sliding saddle . The optical disc is equipped with a holder for optical components from e .g . the 2902 .00 optics kit .

2900.00 Optical disc

Optics kitA complete set of 19 mm thick acrylic prisms, lenses and mirrors suitable for doing all of the classical optics experi-ments . Supplied in a partitioned storage box . All the acrylic blocks are made of clear polished acrylic resin free from striae and bubbles . Bottom surfaces are ground to show ray tracks . The kit comprises the following items which may also be supplied sepa-rately: 2905 .00/20/30/40/50/60 and the mirrors 2908 .00 and 2910 .00 .

2902.00 Optics kit

Acrylic plastic blocksFor refraction experiments . Clear 19 mm thick, polished blocks, free from striae and bubbles . Bottom surfaces are ground to show ray tracks .

no. type dimension

2905 .00 Triangular prism 90, 45, 80 x 56 mm .2905 .10 Triangular prism Equilateral, side 64 mm .2905 .20 Biconvex lens 79 mm, radius 205 mm .2905 .30 Biconcave lens 79 mm, radius 205 mm .2905 .40 Rectangular prism Side 75 x 25mm .2905 .50 Semicircular lens 80 mm diameter .2905 .60 Trapezoidal prism Total Length: 100 mm

Smoke lenses, set of 4Optics experiments will never be the same without

smoke lenses once you have tried them . Students can see the light as it passes through the lenses . Refraction and internal reflection are observed with a clarity never seen before . Especially well suited for experiments with lasers . The set comprises 4 blocks 20 mm thick made of a special acrylic resin: 2 convex lenses 50 and 100 mm focal length, 1 prism 90, 45, 45 and 1 rectangular prism .

2912.00 Smoke lenses, set of 4

2900.00

2902.00

2905.00

2905.40 2905.50

2905.60

2905.202905.30

2910.00

2908.00

2905.10

2912.00

2908 .00 Plane mirror glass, back-silvered, mounted on a hardwood block . Side length 90 mm .2910 .00 Cylindrical mirror . Made of nickel-plated brass . Side length 110 mm .

OPtiCs 47

science

Optical set with light box Very comprehensive set for teaching geometrical optics and mixing of colours .The set is consisting of a light box with a 12V halogen bulb, different lenses, slits, colour filters and mirrors . 24 parts .

2935.00 Optical set with light box

Candle holder on support standThis candle holder is useful in experiments with image formation using convex lenses . The stand is supplied with a moveable candle holder so that the candle can be placed at just the right height . Height: 65 mm .

2820.00 Candle holder on support stand

Candle holderThis holder is designed for candles (item no . 2810 .00) . The holder is supplied with a 10 mm rod which fits standard laboratory support hardware . Height: 55 mm .

2820.10 Candle holder

Lamp holders E14/E27 for mains connectionMounted on a 10 mm diameter rod, supplied with cable and 230 V plug .Stand base is not included (shown with 0004 .10) .

4130.10 Lamp holder E274130.20 Lamp holder E14

2935.01

2935.00

2820.00

2820.104130.10

OPtiCs48

science

Optics set, image formationLenses mounted in holder with surrounding black screenFor student use . 40 mm lenses mounted in rectangular plastic plate 80 x 120 mm with a heavy nickel-plated brass base . En-graved focal distance . Centre height 83 mm . Can be used with light source no . 2800 .30, slits and filter holder no . 2970 .00 .

2965.00 Lens in holder, + 300 mm2965.10 Lens in holder, + 100 mm2965.20 Lens in holder, + 50 mm2965.30 Lens in holder, - 200 mm

Slits and filter holderDesigned to accept slits and filters etc . of size 50 mm square by a maximum of 3 .5 mm thickness . 80 x 120 mm plastic screen with heavy nickel-plated brass base . Centre height 83 mm .

2970.00 Slits and filter holder

Glass platePlane rectangular 180 x 120 mm, 2 mm thick .

3040.00 Glass plate

Glass plate, frostedPlane rectangular 180 x 120 mm, 2 mm thick .

3040.10 Glass plate, frosted

Plane mirrorGlass, back-silvered with protective coating . Rectangular 180 x 120 mm .

3040.20 Plane mirror

ScreenWhite cardboard plate . Dimensions: 180 x 120 mm .

3040.30 Screen

Holder for screens and mirrorsIn polished 1 mm stainless steel . Width 20 mm, height 40 mm .

3050.00 Holder for screens and mirrors

2965.00-.30

3050.00

3040.10

3040.00-.20-.30

2970.00

3040.10

3040.20

OPtiCs 49

science

ColoursColour filters, foilThese transparent coloured foils are supplied in rolls of 50 x 122 cm . These colour filters are reasonably selec-tive and correct compared with the international colour standards . The filters can be cut into A4 format or other appropriate sizes for use on overhead projectors or e .g . 6 x 6 cm sizes for student use .

3089.00 Colour filter, primary red3089.10 Colour filter, yellow3089.20 Colour filter, primary green3089.30 Colour filter, primary blue3089.50 Colour filter, cyan3089.60 Colour filter, magenta

Colour filters, acrylicColour filters produced with 3 mm thick, 50 x 50 mm acry-lic plates suitable for use with the aperture supports items 2950 .80 and 2970 .00 .

3085.00 Colour filter, red3085.10 Colour filter, yellow3085.20 Colour filter, green3085.30 Colour filter, blue

Coloured filters, 10 piecesSet of coloured filters mounted in slides . Yellow, ruby, blue, red, green, cyan, magenta, purple, mat .

3090.90 Coloured filters

Colour discMade of thick cardboard, 300 mm, with three sets of seven spectrum colours correctly proportioned to appear white when rapidly rotated .

3200.00 Colour disc

Whirling apparatusFor rotation of colour disc no . 3200 .00 . Consists of a handle with a spindle and pulley with cord for rotation of spindle . The colour disc is fixed by an 8 mm knurled nut . Length 160 mm, diameter 25 mm .

3202.00 Whirling apparatus

Motor/generatorOur universal 12 V motor is ideal for bringing the colour disc in rotation .Detailed description on page 72 .

2025.00 Motor/generator

Discs with black/white patternsThe set contains two discs . They create the sensation of a colour spectrum when rotated slowly . Disc diameter: 120 mm . The discs can be used with motor/generator 2025 .00 .

3205.00 Discs with black/white patterns

3090.90

3089.00-.60

3200.00

3202.00

2025.00

3205.00

3085.00-.30

OPtiCs50

science

spectral lampsSpectral lamps, OsramA powerful light source for producing line spectra or monochromatic light when used with the appropriate filters .Lamps with 9 pole Pico sockets with external gas glow head for visible spectral emission .Length: 100 mm . Diameter: 20 mm .For mounting inside spectral lamp housing no . 2830 .50 .

2835.00 Spectral lamp Na-102835.20 Spectral lamp Cd-102835.30 Spectral lamp He-102835.40 Spectral lamp Ne-102835.50 Spectral lamp Zn-102836.10 Spectral lamp Hg-100

Lamp holder for Osram spectral lampsThe well known lamp holder for Osram spectral lamps has a built-in cooling fan to keep the surface temperature below 50 C . Must be used with the control transformer no . 2840 .50 . (Provided with a 10 mm support rod that fits a threaded hole on the back .)Dimensions: 78 x 78 x 236 mm .

2830.50 Lamp holder for spectral lamps

Control transformerUse with our spectral lamp holders for both Osram and E-27 types . Max . 1 A . Dimensions: Width 185, height 120, depth 220 mm .

2840.50 Control transformer (230 V)

Spectral lamps with E-27 socketA low cost alternative to using the spectral lamps from Osram . These lamps should be used with a special spectral lamp hol-der (no . 2830 .60) as well as a control transformer (no . 2840 .50) .

2836.50 Spectral lamp with E-27 socket, Na2836.60 Spectral lamp with E-27 socket, Hg2836.70 Spectral lamp with E-27 socket, Ne

Lamp holder for E-27 spectral lampsVentilated lamp holder for E-27 spectral lamps .Must be used with control transformer 2840 .50 . Dimensions 78 x 78 x 295 mm

2830.60 Lamp holder for E-27 spectral lamps

2840.50

2830.50

2835.00-2836.10

2830.60

2836.50-70

OPtiCs 51

science

spectral tubesStraight pattern, capillary length approximately 70 mm . Fitted with a 6 .5 mm diameter contact caps at each end .For observing line and band spectra from various noble and diatomic gasses .For mounting inside spectral tube holder 2855 .50 (previous page) .

2850.00 Spectral tube Ne2850.10 Spectral tube Hg2850.20 Spectral tube H22850.25 Spectral tube H2 Balmer2850.30 Spectral tube He2850.40 Spectral tube Ar2850.50 Spectral tube O22850.60 Spectral tube Kr2850.70 Spectral tube N22851.10 Spectral tube H2O2851.20 Spectral tube CO22851.30 Spectral tube Xe2851.50 Spectral tube I iodine *)2851.80 Spectral tube Na and He*)

*) Please note:

As the elements iodine and sodium are solid at room tempe-rature, the spectral tubes 2851 .50 and 2851 .80 will look dirty on the inside of the glass . The sodium may even have formed a cast of the electrode, making it look broken . Normally, these conditions do not affect the function of the tubes .

Spectral tube holder and power supplyThis holder makes the use of spectral tubes easier and safer . The spectral tube is mounted from the front in the insulated holders with electrodes, where the lower holder is spring loaded parallel to the tube axis .The holder is provided with a power supply which can deliver 6 kV DC at max . 2 mA to the electrodes built into the base of the insulated holder .Can be used with spectral tubes 2850 .00 2851 .30 and with many other types of spectral tubes .Dimensions: 78 x 78 x 290 mm . For 220 V AC .

2855.50 Spectral tube holder and power supply

2850 .00-70 2851 .10-80

2855 .50

OPtiCs52

science

spectroscopyPrisms (equilateral)High quality prisms suited for spectrometer no . 3215 .30 to measure spectral lines as well as to determine refractive indices of prisms .Dimensions: side length 30 mm, height 30 mm

2985.20 Crown glass prism2985.30 Flint glass prism

Hand spectroscope, direct viewingThis high quality instrument gives bright and sharp spectra, centred in the field of view . The instrument is based on a 600 lines per mm grating and allows observation of both emission and absorption spectra . Overall dimensions: Diameter 25 mm, length 105 mm .

3210.05 Hand spectroscope, direct viewing

spectrometerThis classical sturdy spectrometer can be used with either a prism or an optical grating . The instrument is provided with an easy to read vernier scale that can be read directly in tenths of a degree . The spectrometer is supplied with a prism and grating holder on an adjustable prism table . The collimator and telescope are fitted with 178 mm focal length 32 mm aperture achromatic objectives . The telescope is fitted with a Ramsden eyepiece and crosshair reticle and a collimator with an adjustable slit .The telescope and collimator mounting arrangement permits accurate levelling of the axes . The spectrometer table, diameter 85 mm, is marked with lines to assist positi