Cataloging in 3-D: Three-Dimensional Artifacts and Realia

Emily Dust Nimsakont Nebraska Library Commission March 25, 2010∙ ∙

Three-Dimensional Artifacts and Realia

Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/perverted_introvert/4197802039/

ScheduleSection 1Section 2Section 3Practice Exercise 1Section 4Practice Exercise 2LunchSection 5Section 6Practice Exercise 3Practice and Questions

Section 1

• What are three-dimensional artifacts and realia?

• What’s so hard about cataloging these items?• AACR2 VS. MARC• Rules for describing three-dimensional

artifacts and realia• MARC21 Standards

What are three-dimensional artifacts and realia?

“Three-dimensional objects of all kinds (other than those covered in previous chapters), including models, dioramas, games, braille cassettes, sculptures, and other three-dimensional art works, exhibits, machines, and clothing…naturally occurring objects, including microscope specimens and other specimens mounted for viewing.” – AACR2, Chapter 10

What are three-dimensional artifacts and realia?

Photo credits: http://www.flickr.com/photos/greencolander/2160382976/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/damian613/3301425807/http://www.flickr.com/photos/wwiggins/21403816/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/cornelluniversitylibrary/3855923917/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/aplumb/312288932/

What’s so hard about cataloging these items?

• They are different from what we are used to cataloging

• A great deal of cataloger’s judgment is needed

AACR2 vs. MARC

• Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, 2nd ed. rev., 2005.– Rules for describing items in a catalog record.

• MAchine Readable Cataloging – Communication standard– Framework for catalog record

Rules for Describing Three-Dimensional Artifacts and Realia

AACR2Chapter 10

with some referrals to Chapter 1as necessary

MARC 21 Standards

http://www.loc.gov/marc/umb/

http://www.loc.gov/marc/

MARC 21 Formats

• Bibliographic • Authority • Community Information• Holdings • Classification

Bibliographic Format

• Books• Continuing Resources• Visual Materials• Maps• Sound Recordings Scores• Computer Files• Mixed Materials

Type Codes for Records

• a: Language material [text]• c: Printed music• e: Cartographic material• g: Projected medium• i: Nonmusical sound recording• j: Musical sound recording• m: Computer file• o: Kit• p: Mixed materials• r: 3D artifact or natural object• k: 2 dimensional non-projected graphics

Type Codes for Visual Materials

• VIS– g Projected medium. Filmstrips, motion pictures, slides, transparencies, videorecordings

(including digital videos) and material specifically designed for overhead projection. All of the included media are intended for projection.

– k Two-dimensional nonprojectable graphic. Cards, charts, collages, computer graphics, drawings, duplication masters, flash cards, paintings, photonegatives, photoprints, pictures, digital pictures, photo CDs, postcards, posters, prints, spirit masters, study prints, technical drawings, transparency masters, photomechanical reproductions and reproductions of any of these. Include any bound collections of reproducible masters.

– r Three-dimensional artifact or naturally occurring object. Models, dioramas, games, puzzles, simulations, sculptures and other three-dimensional art works, exhibits, machines, clothing, toys, and stitchery. Also for microscope specimens (or representations of them) and other specimens mounted for viewing.

– o Kit. Mixtures of various components issued as a unit and intended primarily for instructional purposes. No one component is identifiable as the predominant component. Examples are packages of assorted materials, such as a set of K–12 social studies curriculum material (books, workbooks, guides, activities, etc.) or packages of educational test materials (tests, answer sheets, scoring guides, score charts, interpretative manuals, etc.).

Visual Materials

MARC review for All Fields

• Tags– Indicate what kind of information is included in each field

• Indicators– Digits or blanks that give the computer instructions or

information about the data contained in the field• Delimiters

– Precede each subfield, usually denoted with $, #, _, or #.• Subfield codes

– Single letters or digits indicate what type of information is in a subfield.

MARC review for All Fields

245 00 $a Taboo $h [game] : $b the game of unspeakable fun

Tag

Indicators

Delimiters

Subfield codes

Section 2

• Technical reading• Eight areas of description• MARC fields

Technical Reading

• What is it?• What information is available to describe the

work?• What information is available for providing

access points?

Eight areas of description

– Title and statement of responsibility area– Edition area– Material specific details area (not used for three

dimensional artifacts and realia)– Publication, distribution, etc., area.– Series area– Physical description area– Note area– Standard number and terms of availability area

MARC Tags by hundreds• 0XX Control info., classification, codes, etc.• 1XX Main entries• 2XX Titles, edition, imprint• 3XX Physical description, etc.• 4XX Series statements• 5XX Notes• 6XX Subject access fields• 7XX Added entries• 8XX Series added entries, holdings, location, etc.• 9XX Locally-defined uses

Section 3

• Title and statement of responsibility area MARC 20X-24X

• Edition areaMARC 250

• Publication, distribution, etc. areaMARC 260

Title and Statement of Responsibility Area

• AACR2– Chapter 10.1A-G

• 10.1B “Transcribe the title proper as instructed in 1.1B. … If the title proper is not taken from the chief source of information, give the source of the title in a note (see 10.73)”

• 1.1B “Transcribe the title proper exactly as to wording, order, and spelling, but not necessarily as to punctuation and capitalization…”

What is the chief source of information?

• AACR2 10.0B– “The chief source of information for the materials

covered in this chapter is the object itself, together with any accompanying textual material and container issued by the publisher or manufacturer of the item.”

Title proper

• If the object is packaged, a title is usually provided

Title proper

• If a title is not provided, the cataloger supplies a title. (Put the title in brackets and include a note indicating that you supplied it.)

Title proper

Taboo[Limestone rock]Clifford the big red dogCowCommunity action toolkit

General Material Designation(GMD)

• An optional rule (but usually used for non-text items)

• Select GMD term from list 2 in rule 1.1C1.• Give the GMD immediately following the title

proper• The GMD is enclosed in brackets

General Material Designation(GMD)

• Most common GMDs used for non-book items:– art original – diorama– game– kit– model– realia– toy

Title proper with GMD

Taboo [game][Limestone rock] [realia][Clifford the big red dog] [toy]Cow [toy]Community action toolkit [kit]

Other title information

• AACR2– Rule 10.1E1 Transcribe other title information as

instructed in 1.1E1 “Transcribe all other title information appearing in the chief source of information …”

Title proper [gmd] : other title information

Taboo [game] : the game of unspeakable funCommunity action toolkit [kit] : a do-it-yourself

kit for education renewal

Statements of responsibility

• AACR2– Rule 10.1F1. “Transcribe statements relating to persons or

bodies responsible for the creation of the item, or for its display or selection, as instruction in 1.1F1.”

– Rule 1.1F1 “ Transcribe statements of responsibility appearing prominently in the item in the form in which they appear there. …”

Title [gmd] : subtitle / statement of responsibility examples

Community action toolkit [kit] : a do-it-yourself kit for education renewal / National Education Goals Panel.

[Tea kettle] [art original] / Hiroshi Sueyoshi.

MARC Format for Title and Statement of Responsibility

• 245 field

• Indicators– 1st Title added entry– 2nd Filing indicator

245 subfield codes

• a: title proper• h: medium [GMD]• b: remainder of title• c: statement of responsibility

Title/GMD/statement of responsibility area with MARC

• 245 00 $a Taboo $h [game] : $b the game of unspeakable fun.

• 245 00 $a [Limestone rock] $h [realia].• 245 00 $a Clifford the big red dog $h [toy].• 245 00 $a Community action toolkit $h [kit] :

$b a do-it-yourself kit for education renewal / $c National Education Goals Panel.

• 245 00 $a Cow $h [toy].

Varying Forms of Title

• AACR2– Rule 21.30J– “Make an added entry for any version of the title

(e.g., cover title, caption title, running title, panel title, title on container, title bar title) that is significantly different from the title proper.”

Varying forms of the titleexamples

• Title proper: Happy massager– Varying form: Original happy massager [title from

tag]

• Title proper: Jenga Xtreme– Varying form: Jenga extreme [title supplied by

cataloger]

MARC Format for Varying Forms of the Title

• 246 field• Indicators

– 1st indicator = Note/added entry• Most commonly used

– 1 – Note, added entry– 3 – No note, added entry

– 2nd indicator = Type of title• Most commonly used

– Blank No type specified– 0 Portion of title– 3 Other title– 4 Cover title


• Subfield codes (most commonly used)– $a Title proper– $b Remainder of title– $i Display text


246 1 _ Original happy massager

246 3 _ Jenga extreme

Edition area

• AACR2– Rule 10.2– Rule 1.2

• Transcribe edition statement as it appears on item, using AACR2 abbreviations

• Second edition = 2nd ed.• Chicago White Sox World Series Edition=

Chicago White Sox World Series ed.

MARC Format for Edition Area

• 250 field• Both indicators are blank• Subfields

– a = edition statement– b = remainder of edition statement

MARC Format for Edition Area

250 _ _ $a 2nd ed.

250 _ _ $a Chicago White Sox World Series ed.

Publication, distribution, etc., area


Place of publication : Publisher, Date of publication.


• Place of publication– Transcribed as it appears on the item (but use

AACR2 abbreviations for states)– If locations in multiple countries are listed, use the

first one, plus the first one in your country– If you don’t know the place of publication, use

[S.l.]


• Place of publication

Pawtucket, R.I.


• Publisher– Transcribe enough information as is needed to

locate the publisher– If publisher is not known, use [s.n.]


• Publisher

Pawtucket, R.I. : Hasbro


• Date of publication– Use copyright date if no other publication date is

given– If date is not known, use [n.d.]


• Date of publication

Pawtucket, R.I. : Hasbro, c2000.

Publisher vs. distributor vs. manufacturer?

• Publisher: “an entity responsible for making the resource available” http://jsearchy.sourceforge.net/doc/quick/node8.html

• Manufacturer: “a business that makes or processes raw materials into a finished product” http://www.mmd.admin.state.mn.us/mn06008.htm

• Distributor: “A business that maintains a store, warehouse, or other establishment in which a line or lines of products are kept in inventory and are sold to the public on a wholesale or retail basis” http://www.mmd.admin.state.mn.us/mn06008.htm

Publisher vs. distributor vs. manufacturer?

• When you have both a publisher and distributor, including the distributor’s name is optional

• If you don’t have a publisher, a manufacturer’s name can be used instead


• If the object is naturally occurring, do not use include a publication area

• Do not use [S.l. : s.n.]

Publication, distribution, etc., area - Examples

• Pawtucket, R.I. : Hasbro, c2000.• Tempe, Ariz. : RGU Group, c2008.

MARC Format for Publication, Distribution, etc., Area

260 fieldSubfields

a = Place of publication, distribution, etc.b = Name of publisher, distributor, etc.c = Date of publication, distribution, etc.e = Place of manufacturef = Manufacturerg = Date of manufacture

MARC Format for Publication, Distribution, etc., Area

260 _ _ $a Pawtucket, R.I. $b : Hasbro, $c c2000.260 _ _ $a Tempe, Ariz. $b : RGU Group, $c c2008.

Practice Exercise 1

• Title and statement of responsibility• Varying form of title (if applicable)• Publication area

Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/sharynmorrow/2298633104/

Section 4

• Physical description areaMARC 300

• Series areaMARC 490/8XX

• Note areaMARC 5XX

Physical description area

• AACR2– Rule 10.5

• Extent of item• Other physical details• Dimensions• Accompanying material

Extent of Item

• Record the number of physical units plus the name of the item (called the specific material designation or SMD).

Extent of Item

• Item names listed in AACR2 Rule 10.5B1:– art original– art reproduction– braille cassette– diorama– exhibit– game– microscope slide– mock-up– model

Extent of Item

• AACR2 Rule 10.5B1 “If none of these terms are appropriate, give the specific name of the item or the names of the parts of the items as concisely as possible.”

• Examples:– 1 kit– 1 geode– 2 hand puppets

Extent of Item - Examples

• 1 game• 1 stuffed animal• 1 kit

Extent of Item - Examples

• Can get more specific and list pieces individually

• Taboo has: 504 cards, 1 card holder, 1 buzzer, 1 timer, 1 scorepad, 1 instruction sheet

• Kit has: 1 presenter's guide, 10 game posters, 1 paper puppet, 1 puppet announcement

Other Physical Details

• Material– 1 bowl : porcelain– 1 paperweight : glass– If the material can not be described concisely,

omit it or include it in a note• Color

– 1 bowl : porcelain, blue and white– 1 paperweight : glass, col.

Other Physical Details - Examples

• 1 game (504 cards, 1 card holder, 1 buzzer, 1 timer, 1 scorepad, 1 instruction sheet) : cardboard and plastic, col.

• 1 stuffed animal : fabric, red

Dimensions

• Give the dimensions of the object in centimeters. Give multiple dimensions as height x width x depth.– 1 sculpture : polished bronze ; 110 cm. high

• If the object is in a container, you can give the dimensions of the container.– 1 jigsaw puzzle : cardboard, col. ; in box 25 x 32 x 5

cm.

Dimensions - Examples

• 1 game (504 cards, 1 card holder, 1 buzzer, 1 timer, 1 scorepad, 1 instruction sheet) : cardboard and plastic, col. ; in box 27 x 21 x 9 cm.

• 1 stuffed animal : fabric, red ; 18 x 40 x 75 cm.

Accompanying Material

• Include number of physical units and name of any accompanying material– 1 hand puppet : felt, red and blue ; 20 cm. long + 1

teacher’s guide

Accompanying Material - Example

• 1 figurine : plastic, col. ; in box 19 x 26 x 14 cm. + 10 videodiscs.

MARC Format for Physical Description Area

• 300 field• Both indicators are undefined• Subfield Codes

a = extentb = other physical detailsc = dimensionse = accompanying material

Physical Description Area

300 _ _ $a 1 jigsaw puzzle : $b cardboard, col. ; $c in box 25 x 32 x 5 cm.

300 _ _ $a 1 hand puppet : $b felt, red and blue ; $c 20 cm. long + $e 1 teacher’s guide

Physical Description Area - Examples

300 _ _ $a 504 cards, 1 card holder, 1 buzzer, 1 timer, 1 scorepad, 1 instruction sheet : $b cardboard and plastic, col. ; $c in box 27 x 21 x 9 cm.

300 _ _ $a 1 stuffed animal : $b fabric, red ; $c 18 x 40 x 75 cm.

Series Area


• If there is a series statement on the item, transcribe it as it appears

• Example: Family game classics

MARC Format for Series Area

490 field1st indicator

0 = not traced1 = traced

2nd indicator is undefined8XX field, usually 830

1st indicator is undefined2nd indicator = number of non-filing characters

MARC Format for Series Area

490 1 _ Family game classics

830 _ 0 Family game classics.

Note Area


• Common uses of notes for three-dimensional items– Source of title– Nature of the item– Physical description– Accompanying material– Summary– Audience

Note: Source of Title

• Title supplied by cataloger.

• Title from container.

Note: Nature of the Item

• Section of a fetal pig mandible.

• For 4 or more players.

Note: Statement of Responsibility

• Developed by Frederick A. Rasmussen of Educational Research Council of America.

• Based on the main character of the Clifford books by Norman Bridwell.

Note: Physical Description

• Four times actual size. The parts of the ear are painted to show anatomical structure.

• Includes 504 Taboo cards, 1 card holder, 1 buzzer, 1 timer, 1 scorepad, and 1 instruction sheet.

Note: Accompanying Material

• With instructor and student guides.

• With 10 DVDs.

Note: Summary

• Storytelling kit with small velcro objects to help teach how to count objects, identify numerals up to 100, and sequence numbers up to 20 using leaves, apples and foam numbers that can be placed on the tree. Guide gives ideas for counting, simple arithmetic and sequencing activities.

Note: Summary

• Pick a card and get your team to say the secret word without using the taboo words listed on the same card as clues.

Note: Audience

• Ages 8 and up.• For adults.

MARC Format for Note Area

• 5XX fields– General note = 500 field– Summary note = 520 field– Audience note = 521 field

• Both indicators are undefined• Subfield a is only mandatory subfield


500 _ _ $a Title supplied by cataloger.500 _ _ $a For 4 or more players.500 _ _ $a Includes 504 Taboo cards, 1 card

holder, 1 buzzer, 1 timer, 1 scorepad, and 1 instruction sheet.

500 _ _ $a With instructor and student guides.


520 _ _ $a Pick a card and get your team to say the secret word without using the taboo words listed on the same card as clues.

521 _ _ $a Ages 8 and up.

Practice Exercise 2

• Physical Description• Notes

Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/62337512@N00/2615993927/

Section 5

• Main entriesMARC 1XX

• Added entriesMARC 7XX

• Subject headingsMARC 6XX

Main Entries

• Most of the time, the main entry for a piece of realia will be the title.

• Exceptions include things like pieces of art, where one person is the creator

MARC Format for Main Entries

Title is main entry:245 00 $a Trivial pursuit $h [game].

Artist is main entry:100 1_ $a Sueyoshi, Hiroshi.245 10 $a [Tea kettle] $h [art original] / $c

Hiroshi Sueyoshi.

Added Entries

• Used for publishers, etc.• Should be in authorized form

Example: appears on item as Hasbro

Searching Authority FileOCLC Connexion

Searching Authority File

http://authorities.loc.gov

Searching Authority File

Added Entries

• Can also indicate related persons

Example: Bridwell, Norman.

MARC Format for Added Entries

• 7XX fields– Personal name = 700 field

• 1st indicator – 0 = forename– 1 = surname– 2 = family name

• 2nd indicator– blank = no information provided– 2 = analytical entry


• 7XX fields– Corporate name = 710 field

• 1st indicator– 0 = inverted name– 1 = jurisdiction name– 2 = name in direct order

• 2nd indicator– blank = no information provided– 2 = analytical entry


710 2_ $a Hasbro, Inc.700 1 _ $a Bridwell, Norman.

Subject Headings

• Can describe what the item is

Word games.Jigsaw puzzles.Monopoly (Game).

Subject Headings

• Can describe what the item is about

United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865.Chicago White Sox (Baseball team).

MARC Format for Subject Headings

• 6XX fields– Topical headings = 650– Geographic headings = 651– Corporate headings = 610– Personal name headings = 600

MARC Format for Subject Headings

650 _0 $a Word games.650 _0 $a Monopoly (Game).651 _0 $a United States $x History $y Civil War,

1861-1865.610 2 0 $a Chicago White Sox (Baseball team).

Section 6

• Control info, classification, codes, etc.MARC 0XX

• Fixed fields

Control info, classification, and codes, etc.

• 020 field = ISBN (Not always found on three-dimensional items)

• 024 = other standard number (such as UPC)• 028 = publisher number

Control info, classification, and codes, etc.

024 10 $a 641939111896

024 10 $a 032244040153028 50 $a 04015 $b Hasbro

Fixed Fields

• Visual materials workform

Fixed Fields

• Type (Type of record) field– g = projected medium– k = two-dimensional non-projected graphic– r = three-dimensional non-projected graphic– o = kits

Fixed Fields

• TMat (Type of material) field– a = art original– b = kit– c = art reproduction– d = diorama– g = game– p = microscope slide– q = model– r = realia– w = toy

Fixed Fields

• Lang (Language) field– Use abbreviation for language of accompanying

material if object itself has no linguistic material– If object has no linguistic material and no

accompanying material, use zxx

Fixed Fields

• Fields NOT applicable to three-dimensional items– Tech = n– Time = nnn

Practice Exercise 3

• Main and added entries• Control fields• Fixed fields

Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/vatsug/73577528/

Practice and Questions

Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/lwr/12364944/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/konradfoerstner/4168966589/http://www.flickr.com/photos/24350382@N07/2949435839/

A Final Note on Cataloging Three-Dimensional Items

“The perfect is the enemy of the good.” --Voltaire

Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/chemheritage/3200074302/

A Final Note on Cataloging Three-Dimensional Items

“While we want our cataloging to be done correctly, the more important word of the two (done and correctly) is ‘done.’ Make a decision, and then go on to the next. Once a decision is made, don’t go back to it. Get the cataloging done.”

Nancy Olson, Cataloging of Audiovisual Materials and Other Special Materials: A Manual Based on AACR2.

Thank you!

Emily Dust NimsakontCataloging Librarian

Nebraska Library Commission800-307-2665

[email protected]

Cataloging in 3-D: Three-Dimensional Artifacts and Realia

Education

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