Cataloging Essentials
Transcript of Cataloging Essentials
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Cataloging Essentials
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Objectives
• Behind the scenes peek at cataloging
• Discover why we catalog
• Explore the interaction the OPAC and MARC records
• Learn basic cataloging terminology
• Discover tools/standards of cataloging
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What is Cataloging?
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What is library Cataloging?
According to Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science (ODL), Cataloging is the process of creating entries for a catalog.In libraries, this usually includes bibliographic description,subject analysis, assignment of classification notation, and activities involved in physically preparing the item for the shelf, tasks usually performed under the supervision of a librarian trained as a cataloger.
Cataloging attempts to organize materials and information in a logical and consistent way to facilitate ease of access.
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Why do we need to catalog?
• Find library materials
• Describe library materials
• Organize library materials
• Track library materials
• Keep a record of library materials
• Keep track of how library materials are being used
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Goals of Cataloging
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Cataloging Principles• Charles Ammi Cutter defined the objects of the catalog in his Rules for
Dictionary Catalog in 1876
• To enable a person to find a book of which the author, title, or subject is known
• To show what the library has by a given author, on a given subject, or in a given kind of literature, and
• To assist in the choice of a book (Adapted Rules for a Printed Dictionary Catalogue, by Charles Ammi Cutter, 4th ed., 1904, p. 12.)
• Lubetzky -- Paris Principles, 1961
• Restated IFLA (International Federation of Library Principles)
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Catalogers SEO Experts
• How ILS works
• What people search for
• The actual keywords
• Search types their patrons use
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Elements in Cataloging
Classificationâ—¦ Systematic arrangement
â—¦ Group subjects or material types
â—¦ Classification schemes such as DDC, LC
Subject catalogingâ—¦ Analyze subject
â—¦ Provide subject headings
â—¦ LCSH, MesH, BISAC, FAST
Descriptive cataloging
â—¦ To find and identify
â—¦ Access points: ISBN, call number, Titles, People, and Series
â—¦RDA
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What is Description ? (Container & Content)Information Content(Intellectual aspects )
• Themes• Genre• Topics• Time and place
Is called Subject Cataloging
Container/Descriptive : The view from Alameda Island by Robyn Carr ; published by Mira Book in 2019 ; 319 pages ; ISBN : 9780778368953
Content/Subject: Domestic Fiction ; Abused wives Fiction ; Self-actualization (Psychology) in women; Life change events Fiction
Information Container(Physical aspects )
• Characteristics(pages,dimensions, etc.)
• Name (title, variant title)• Creator (author, artist)
Is called Descriptive Cataloging
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Difference: Descriptive & Subject Cataloging
Descriptive : The view from Alameda Island by Robyn Carr ; published by Mira Book in 2019 ; 319 pages ; ISBN : 9780778368953
Subject: Domestic Fiction ; Abused wives Fiction ; Self-actualization (Psychology) in women; Life change events Fiction
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What is Subject Cataloging?• Subject analysis is figuring out what the item is about • Keywords are different from subject headings
• There’s no official list• Nothing to do with what the item is about
• Most commonly used subject headings are LCSH ( Library of Congress List of Subject Headings) and the Sears (Sears List of Subject Headings)
• Goal is to accurately describe the item so that a patron can find it
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So why do we perform Subject Analysis?
• To save the users’ time
• To provide subject access
• To collocate resources
• To provide a logical location for resources
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What is Classification?
Classification is a process of grouping materials together by subject, and further, by categories. This process helps the user to arrange, organize and make a logical sense of items which also assists the user to locate them in an easy manner.
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So what does library classification do?• Bring together works on the same topic• Provide a physical or virtual address, or call number
for each resource in the library• Serve as a direct retrieval function
• Browsing items• Linking items
• Use as tool for collection management• Shelf list
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Library Catalogs
• Key to all library collections• Organized list of all the materials
owned by the library• Can be traditional card catalogs, or
automated catalogs• Provide a way for patrons to
identify, locate and use those materials
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The Catalog – OPACs and ILS Online Public Access Catalogs are the public interface of an Integrated Library System
• Stand alone catalogs - one library• Shared catalogs – more than one library
• Example: Prairie Cat catalog• Union catalogs – from separate ILSs, and display records for
many libraries• Example: WorldCat, Find More Illinois Catalog
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Cataloging Terminology
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Terms used by Catalogers
• t.p. = title page• t.p. verso = back of the title page• Chief source = Preferred sources• Surrogate =reproduction used for
access or cataloging (print or digital)
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Terms used by Catalogers
• CIP Data = Cataloging-in-Publication Data (usually title page verso)
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Terms used by Catalogers
• Access point = indexed field can be searched by the user• Authority Control = establish a recognized form for an entity name
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Cataloging Standards/Resources
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Importance of Cataloging standards
• Enable sharing of records
• Ensure consistency and predictability
• Provide a foundation for local practices decisions
• Easier to share data within and between libraries
• Less guesswork for catalogers• World War 2 ?• Or World War II?• Second World War?
• Library users know what to expect
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• Is a content standard not encoding standard ( what
information is recorded and how)
• A flexible framework
• instructions not rules
• intended for worldwide use
• organized by entity-relationship model called FRBR.
RDA (Resource Description and Access)
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• Pay service accessible at http://access.rdatoolkit.org/
• Available for 30 days free-trial
• Group purchase discount through RAILS.
• Based on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records(FRBR) model.
• Replaces the RDA print guide and AACR2R print editions.
• Provides guidelines for bibliographic description, not display (i.e. appearance of MARC records).
Useful for :
o Copy cataloging and Original cataloging
o Catalogers to review RDA instructions
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• It is an encoding standard (communication standard)• It is not a system• It allows libraries to share bibliographic records through utilities
such as OCLC
Machine-readable: "Machine-readable" means that one particular type of machine, a computer, can read and interpret the data in the cataloging record. ... (MARC records often contain much additional information)
MARC = MAchine-Readable Cataloging record
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MARC is a carrier
According to the MARC 21 manual, MARC is designated to be “A carrier for bibliographic information.”*
*MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data. Washington, DC: Library of Congress. 2006. Accessed May 22, 2019.http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bdintro.html
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MARC vs. RDA
MARC (MAchine Readable Cataloging Record) Encoding standard Communication standard Computer code to consistently handle the data recorded
RDA (Resource Description & Access ) Content standard Guidelines for describing items What information to record
….not where to record ….not how to display
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MARC Record sources
• Copy cataloging : Find and download records (Don’t reinvent the wheel!)
o Your local/consortium(ILS)o Vendor recordso Z39.50 servers set up in your ILS (MarcEdit tool has a built in Z39.50
client)o OCLC – paid subscription (Cat Express, Connexion client/browser)o SkyRiver– paid subscription
• Original cataloging : Creating Bibliographic records from scratch
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MARC Records: Copy Cataloging
• Make sure the record matches the item you have.• Different formats• Different publishers• Different publication date
• Make sure it is a complete description record• Download the record and import it into your
catalog
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MARC : Secret of the catalog OPAC view of a monograph as seen by a patron:
Here we see MARC fields:245 field250 (edition)264 (publisher)300 (description)and 6XX (subject headings)
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OPAC view
Bib Record Data
Holdings Data
Item record Data
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MARC Documentationshttps://www.loc.gov/marc/
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ISBD (International Standard Bibliographic Description) Punctuations in MARC
• Set of recommendations by IFLA• Standardized punctuations (colons, semicolons, slashes, dashes, commas, and
periods) is used to identify and separate the elements and areas. • Technically for physical card catalogs• Applies regardless of language or script• Invented before MARC• A form of “markup” before computers• Conversations about eliminating or reducing punctuationExample:$a The big slide : $b the digestive system from top to bottom / $c Nicholas F. Prayson
and Richard A.Prayson ; illustrator J. Jordi Rowe.
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Classification Systems
• DDC ( Dewey Decimal classification)
• Mainly Public and school libraries
• LC Classification(Library of Congress Classification)• Mainly in academic libraries
• NLM Classification
• Medical libraries
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Pay service accessible at http://dewey.org/webdewey/login/login.html
â—¦ Group purchase discount through RAILS/IHLS.
â—¦ Catalogers can build Dewey Decimal classification numbers.
â—¦ Updated, online version of DDC 23 print books and updates, which are being discontinued in June 2018
Useful for
â—¦ Search and Browse DDC numbers
â—¦ Building Dewey numbers
â—¦ Helpful in creating subject headings
â—¦ LCSH and MeSH subject headings
WebDewey : DDC web version
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• FREE resource accessible at http://classify.oclc.org/classify2/• FRBR-based prototype service developed by the OCLC Research
division. • View suggested call numbers, subject and authority headings
Useful for:• Libraries with a small budget• Copy cataloging nonfiction in DDC and LC• New catalogers to become familiar with OCLC
OCLC Classify: the beginning cataloger's friend!
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LC Authorities
FREE resource accessible at http https://authorities.loc.gov/
Useful for :
â—¦ Copy cataloging and Original cataloging
â—¦ Catalogers can browse and view authority headings for Subject, Name and Title
â—¦ Download authority records in MARC format in a local library system
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OCLC Bibliographic Formats and Standards (BFAS)
â—¦ Guide to the structure, coding practices, and input standards used in bibliographic records in the WorldCat database.
â—¦ Provides definitions, guidelines, and examples for entering information into WorldCat.
â—¦ Designed to assist catalogers and other technical services staff making use of bibliographic records in WorldCat.
FREE resource accessible at: https://www.oclc.org/bibformats/en.html
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Cataloging Email Discussion List
• AUTO-CAT◦ https://listserv.syr.edu/scripts/wa.exe?A0=AUTOCAT
• ALCTS e-forums & YouTube Channel◦ http://www.ala.org/alcts/confevents/upcoming/e-forum
â—¦ https://www.youtube.com/user/alctsce/videos?view=0&sort=dd&flow=grid
• OCLC-Cat◦ http://listserv.oclclists.org/archives/oclc-cat.html
• RDA-L & YouTube Channel◦ http://lists.ala.org/sympa/info/rda-l
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Cataloging Social Media List • Facebook Troublesome Catalogers and Magical Metadata Fairies
• https://www.facebook.com/groups/161813927168408/
• Facebook RDA Café• https://www.facebook.com/groups/RDACafe/
• Twitter
• #cataloging or #cataloguing hashtag search:
https://twitter.com/search?q=%23cataloging%20OR%20%23CATALOGING%20OR%20%23catalog
uing%20OR%20%23CATALOGUING #catalogers or
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Cataloging Illinois - Groups• For Reaching Across Illinois Library System members:
Subscribe to RAILS Community Forums to participate in discussions about ebooks, AV, technical services, and more! http://railslibraries.info/community
• For Illinois Heartland Library System members:
Subscribe to the Exchange List to “get messages about book giveaways, job postings, and questions from your fellow librarians around IHLS.” http://illinoisheartland.org/?q=content/page/ihls-listservs
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Cataloging Tips!
• A good Cataloger is a researcher
• Library Catalog is the Foundation and key to resources
• Takes practice
• Listservs
• Networking opportunities
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Final thoughts
or Questions