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Catalog MGM compro 2006 / 10 OBSAH page

• Speed controllers:

Basic information about controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Information about BEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

TMM® controllers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

For brushed motors: TMM® xx10 – small programmable controllers (8A and 12A) 8 TMM® xx12 – small programmable controllers, advanced line (18A - 50A) 8 TMM® xx10 heli® – small programmable controllers for micro helicopters (8A and 12A) 10

For brushless motors: Easy xx – outstanding controllers for every modeler (7A - 40A) 11

TMM® xxxx – 3 Expert – extremely small programmable controllers for demanding users (from 1 Lipol) 13 TMM® xxxx – 3 Expert+ – programmable controllers for demanding users (18A - 224A) 13

TMM® xxxx – 3 Z-series – programmable controllers for demanding users, cooperation with BB_03 (18 až 224A) 18

TMM® xxxx – 3 FAI (Exp+ / Z-ser) – competition programmable controllers 21

TMM® xxxx – 3 Race Boat Expert+ – programmable controllers for racing boats (18 až 224A) 22 TMM® xxxx – 3 Race Boat Z-series – programmable controllers for racing boats, cooperation with BB_03 (18 až 224A) 22 TMM® xxxx – 3 HELI (PL) – programmable brushless controllers for helicopters 26 TMM® xxxx – 3 car/boat (PL) – programmable brushless controllers for cars / boats, one way / reversible 30

• Electronics for models and modelers:

ACCUSWx – switch of the emergency batteries 33 USBCOM+ – USB communication module (controllers, chargers, balancers connection with PC) 36 UNICARD – universal programming card for MGM compro controllers 37 Black Box – measurement and saving data logger during flight 38

• Chargers, Balancers: AQC xx – very quick processor controlled universal charger AQC 40 AQCB xFC – very quick Lipol charger with built in balancer 42 Mean Well – mains power supply for chargers 45 BLCR xxx – very precision processor controlled balancers for Lipol / Li-Ion packs 46 Accessories – Chargers / Balancers accessories 51 Accessories II – Overview of connection cables CC_xx 53

• Li xxx cells / packs and Accessories

– Lithium polymer cells KOKAM, Wide Energy, Poly Quest, E-Tech 54 – Lithium polymer packs 54 – Safety precautions for Li-Pol cells 59 – Information about „A123 systems“ Li-Ion cells 61

• Additional information: 62

Using abbreviation Technical info and questions Contact

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U2´

Current I

Rec

eive

r

servo servo servo

Battery voltage

U1

BEC voltage = +5 V BEC

serv

ocon

nect

or

U2

servocable

Rs

Rs

Regulation electronics

„safe“ switch Fig.1

Basic Information about Controllers MGM compro

Controllers of the MGM compro company are manufactured in two basic series. The first one is small processor controllers

TMM® xxxx (Top Motor Management) for brushed motors. The second series are controllers for for brushless motors, Easy, TMM® xxxx-3 Profi line (car/boat and heli), TMM® xxxx-3 Expert a TMM® xxxx-3 Z-series. Both lines have outstanding and unique features thanks to the Hi tech TMM® technology of the MGM compro company. These controllers are meant for aircrafts, gliders, helicopters, race boats, cars, ships and submarines. All controllers are suitable for Li-Ion and Li-Pol batteries too. Controllers „Easy“ are for everyone and very sipmple for use. Controllers of „EXPERT“ and „Z-series“ lines are not only programmable using transmitter but also programmable using PC and moreover they enable reading out operation data from controller.

All Controllers lines Easy, Expert and Z-series are also programmable very simply by programming card UNICARD. Controllers TMM® xxxx are suitable for all kinds of DC (direct-current) electro motors as long as the maximum working currents and the

number of cells are respected. (e.g. Speed, Model motors, Potensky, Mega, Mabuchi, Trinity, Corally,…) Controllers marked „Easy“ and TMM® xxxx-3 are designed for brushless sensorless electric motors such as e.g. Mega AC, Model

motors, MP JET, PJS, Űberall model, Kontronik, Plettenberg, LRK, Hacker and others for 2 to 20 pole motors of classical conception (rotor inside) and also for outrunners (rotor is on the outer side).

Maximal practical value and safety of operation of both, the controller itself (throttle will not turn without proper signal from transmitter, it is not possible to start from different position than “minimal throttle” position) and the BEC which plays an important part in safety of operation of models was taken into consideration while designing the controller. Some of the controllers have programmable BEC voltage value.

The BEC and its allowable load

The BEC makes up a very essential part of most speed controllers for models (except for “opto” controllers) because it substitutes receiver batteries and feeds receiver as well as servos. Concerning the safety of operation, this circuit (BEC) is very important. The failure of the BEC results in losing control of the model and in the models uncontrolled crash in the very most cases.

However, it is not possible to use BEC in any combination of feeding of model and load of servos. Usually, BEC is designed as a linear voltage controller – basically, it is a variable resistor, that keeps constant voltage (usually 5V) on its output. That means, it must, according to the load, dissipate and emit heat which is proportional to power losses. The smaller the surface emitting heat and the worse is its cooling the higher temperature will the BEC reach in shorter time. Many times, the cooling surface is common also for emitting heat developed by losses on switching parts of the controller, which makes the situation even worse. What is more, the dimensions of controllers are getting smaller = the cooling surface is also getting smaller.

Instantaneous BEC power losses Pz = (U1 – U2) × I rises fast with the number of feeding cells, that means with input voltage and with rising current. For an 8 cell battery pack and 3 mediocre servos which are averagely loaded is (quite roughly):

Pz = (10V – 5V) × 1,0A = 5W The BEC is able to tolerate such power for some time (~10 sec.) but not continuously (it very much depends n each particular solution). The „MEGA“ BEC circuit is extremely powerful. The „MEGA“ BEC can hold peak currents up to 4A and power peak up to 20W. It needs breaks for cooling between such loading peaks. However, servos are not moving constantly therefore the average current in longer time period and also average power losses of BEC are smaller. It important how often and for how long are servos moving (and how are they loaded).

For 12 cells and 4 servos the situation is considerably worse: Pz = (15V – 5V) × 1,3A = 13W !!! – for servos drawing 0,32A Pz = (15V – 5V) × 2,0A = 20W !!! – for servos drawing 0,5A

These are quite big values. If such loading last for even a short time the temperature of BEC rises very fast and according to the BEC construction two situations may occur. In the first situation, the thermal fuse of BEC will have enough time to turn off BEC or in the second situation the BEC will be destroyed. However, both situations lead to the loss of voltage on BEC and thus to the loss of control of the model and to the model’s crash. Two different damages can occur (for both versions of BEC, integrated and discrete). The power element may be disconnected or shortcut. Even though both lead to model crash, shortcut is worse because higher voltage gets to BEC output – the values reach up to he voltage of battery which may lead to receiver and servos destroyed if number of cells is higher. This is why it is so important to know, at least approximately, the draws of used servos under given load to be able to estimate if for the given situation is possible to use BEC or not. (The manufacturer of the controller is not able to influence this, it really depends on modeler and his knowledge or estimations.)

There is another way one can look on the problem whether to use BEC or not. If the BEC is used in model with motor which power is around 150W, has 12cells, 4 servos the power loss in BEC will be 13 W (see example above), that makes 8,7%!!! (in reality it will make less because servos are do not move all the time – except for helicopters). This energy is drawn from batteries and converted only in unhelpful and undesirable heat, even if only when servos are moving. This then makes efforts to have maximally efficient drive pointless – meaning using motor and controller with maximal efficiency. From energetic point of view, it is much more efficient and favorable to use receiver batteries instead of BEC.

Servos differ a lot from type to type, moreover they might be loaded very differently. Same size servos with different conception (or different manufacturer) may have maximal current different form each other of up 100% (that means for example one would have 0,5A maximal current, next one 1A) Therefore it is not meaningful to state number of servos for BEC in technical data in users guide. Much more useful is information about maximal current and power loss of BEC. Moreover these data can be easily measured and compared.

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Switch: Generally, switch is not a very reliable component. Many controller manufacturers use standard integrated circuits for BEC (=serial voltage regulator tube +5V). Mostly it is not possible to place the switch differently than directly to the way of current flow (fig. 2). when using these circuits. Possible damage or failure of switch will disconnect receiver and servos from BEC and it will be impossible to control the model. This is why the switch is not used in many cases to ensure safety of flight; the controller is turned on by connecting to batteries. This is fine in many cases (for some models it is even better). However, in many cases it is very unsatisfactory and unsuitable solution. . If a switch is used with such BEC (see figure 2), it is not very reliable solution and not even very safe one. MGM compro TMM® controllers do not use standard integrated circuit for BEC. Their switch is not placed in the way of current flow but is connected in such way that disconnecting contacts of switch (fig. 1) will turn on the controller (and BEC) – that means, even possible damage or failure has no negative consequences on controller operation or on BEC!!! In case the switch is damaged or torn off it will at most be impossible to turn the controller off and the controller will have to be turned off by disconnecting from batteries.

U2´

Curr. I

BE

C v

olta

ge =

+5

V

Ser

voco

nn.

U2

servocable

Rs

Rs

Battery voltage

U1

BEC

Regulation electronics

switch Fig. 2

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1A

2A

3A

4A

0

Max

. cur

rent

„I“

of t

he B

EC [A

]

UAKU [V]5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Power loss of the BEC:

20 W / 1 sec.

15 W / 5 sec.

10 W / 10 sec.

5 W cont.

BEC load

2,7 A

1,8 A

10,5V

RESTRICTED AREA

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 124 3 2 1 Difference UBATT - UBEC

TMM® Controllers for models

TMM® controllers are high-end programmable or automatically programmed controllers made predominantly with the

use of surface mounting. They ensure absolute constancy of set and programmed parameters and values (applies to programmable types). All parameters are purely program-set (or are automatically set) without any mechanical elements (trimmers etc.) and this setup remains constantly retained until further possible change of parameters. As they use newest efficient processors (single-chip micromini) for their operation they are able to automatically find some of these data and values (APS). Others may easily be modified due to user programming, thus changing some of the controller properties to meet particular needs. At the same time, due to the controller „hardware“ and „software“ capabilities, the whole series of protective and optimizing processes have been used. These processes considerably reduce the possibility of unmeant damage to both the motor and batteries and, of course, the controller itself.

The motor is perfectly protected from damage caused by excessive current at crisis points (e.g. locking the motor under full load) by the automatic current fuse (ACF). In case of exceeding automatically set current limits the motor according to the nature and intensity of the overload becomes switched off either immediately or 1 or 2 or more sec later. In all present versions the operation is resumed after dropping the throttle to zero after current fuse switch off.

Batteries are protected in three ways. Firstly, due to the use of ACF the current overload of batteries (and possible damage) at crisis points can be avoided. Secondly, the used system of intelligent power reduce (IPR) ensures through measurements of number of cells, voltage, currents, battery condition and calculations always an optimal point of starting continuous reduction of motor performance (it starts to be efficient when battery becomes heavily discharged) so that battery cells do not get extremely discharged which reduces the possibility of reversal of poles of lower cells. This at the same time enables retaining defined energy for BEC (perfect RPC) which is of great significance e.g. for gliders, helicopters etc. (a crash due to running out of energy for receiver can be avoided) and ships (see “Unique properties of TMM® - more information”). Thirdly, it is the automatic current reduce (ACR) due to which a drop in voltage for BEC under extremely big current load (for every given controller) while motor starts does not occur.

Controllers work with high switching frequency of the motor (PWM 2, 4, 8 kHz), which is an advantage. The current ripple is reduced, possible interference is lessened, motor brush is not wear out so much (it’s service life is longer) and also the efficiency is higher. Some of TMM controllers use the “synchronous rectification” system: the clamping schottky diode is replaced by suitably controlled FET transistor. Among the benefits of this system is a significant reduction of power loss of the controller and significant reduction of warming up as well as increased efficiency.

The controllers efficiently mask interference and drop-outs up to 1.5 sec. When there occur long-lasting drop-outs the controller slowly reduces motor revolutions to full stop. Without the proper signal from the transmitter (e.g. transmitter is turned off), the motor neither jerks nor runs but is at standstill. Motor will not start running before the throttle stick is in its minimal position.

Thermal fuse of the controller is set to 90°C or 105°C when performance is reduced to ca 60% or motor revolutions are very slowly reduced to zero. After switching on, the temperature above 70°C is monitored; if the temperature is higher the controller does not start.

Some of the types may generate signal informing that there is a danger of batteries getting discharged quite soon etc, using extremely bright LED or using acoustic beeper.

Controllers are turned on by turning off the switch. Possible damage to the switch has no negative effect on the controller operation and BEC – both remain fully operational

All operating conditions are indicated by LED diodes or by motor beeping (important primarily in case something does not operate according to your criteria, and also when programming). Also more powerful types of controllers in combination with less powerful motors can be operated without any problems, all protective mechanisms being preserved.

Some types are also made as the so-called „hydro“ versions ensuring the controllers resistance to water. Due to their design (compact assembly on the printed circuit card with recessed SMD micro devices is encased in an aluminum protective box or in heat shrinking sleeve) they feature a high degree of robustness. The controllers of the range TMM in standard versions come with the JR connector on servo cable 0.15mm2 or 0.25mm2, but without connectors on power cables.

NiCd, NiMH and Li-Ion, Li-Pol batteries are suitable for use as feeding accumulators, unless it is recommended differently for a concrete type.

These controllers may be used for controlling electro motors in models, any other applications or loads (resistor, bulb, etc.) are not allowed. Controllers may be fed only from accumulators. The “continuous current” information in the table applies to cooling controllers.

Control signals are positive pulses 1.5 ms ± 0.8ms with period 10 up to 30 ms. Without the proper signal from the transmitter (e.g. transmitter is turned off), the motor neither jerks nor runs but is at

standstill.

Controller’s revolutions are reduced up to 1300 000, 170 000 nebo 200 000 rpm for 2 poles motor (by type sof ESC).

Power supply is possible from NiCd, NiMH, Li-Ion, Li-Pol batteries.

BEC voltage is adjustable to +5V or +6V, resp. 3,7V for some type sof ESC.

„MEGA BEC” can supply high current (4 A !) in short peaks. In this pulses (up to ≈ 1 sec.) can be power loses up to 20 W ! Permit power loses is 15 W up to 5 sec, and 10 W up to 10 sec.

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Protective and safety mechanisms of TMM® controllers:

Accumulators are protected in four ways. 1) Firstly, due to the use of automatic current fuse (ACF) the possibility of current overload of accumulators (and their possible damage) even at

crisis points is significantly reduced. 2) Secondly, the used system of intelligent power reduce (IPR) always ensures through measurements of number of voltage, currents,

accumulator condition and calculations an optimal point of starting continuous reduction of motor performance (or the point when motor is switched off or point in which the motor power is reduced and then set back – according to the setting of parameter F”) so that accumulator cells do not get extremely discharged – which is very important specially for Lipol cells.. This, not mentioning other advantages, reduces the possibility of reversal of poles of lower cells (applies mainly to NiCd / NiMH cells).

3) This system at the same time enables retaining defined energy for BEC (perfect RPC) in controllers that have BEC which is of great significance for flying models (a crash due to running out of energy for receiver and servos can be avoided) . The amount of residual energy can be user set.

4) the automatic current reduce (ACR) due to which a drop in voltage for BEC under extremely big current load (for every given controller) while motor starts does not occur.

When switching (reducing power) the motor off at solid boundary as it is with regular controllers (a) there is only very little energy remaining for BEC, particularly for 8 or more Nicd / NiMh cells in battery pack. This mainly applies for controllers with the switching of boundary at 5.5V. The better accumulators are used the less energy (time) is left to land (standard ESC). Comparing to this, TMM (b) ensures the remaining energy to be big enough; it is also possible to modify its size according to user needs (bigger for gliders). This energy is certainly insignificant as long as duration of running the motor is concerned, but it is very significant for feeding BEC.

Graphs below show situation with 3 Lipol cells. In graph a] a regular controller situation is depicted – controller is Lipol compatible and has a solid boundary of switching of. In graph b] a behavior with TMM® controller is shown – with a boundary on a discharging curve of inner voltage of battery.

Ordering number of controllers are specified in the current price list.

Specification in ordering number:: xx.cccvv.sphc – details of specification │ │ │ │ │ └--- max. number of cells (Nixx) │ └------ max. current └--------- type of controller Details

s - switch: 0=no 1=shift 2=tumbler p - type: 0=OPTO 1=BEC 2=low voltage types with BEC 3=switching BEC h - water proof: 0=no 1=yes (WP) c - cooler: 0=no 1=one side 2=two sides 3=CUBE 4=water 5= water on both sides Note: when is parameter no defined (no 0 or other number), you can choice options of this parameter. Example: controller TMM 8012-3 Expert+, Number 14.08012.s1hc – controller is with BEC,

you can choice: switch (s), "WP“ version (h) and coolers (c). i.e. controller TMM 8012-3 Expert+, with switch, WP, have order number „14.08012.1110“

0.5C 2C

Residual energy for BEC is very depend on the actual current

6C 10C(12.6V) U

60% 80%

4.2V čl.

95%100% capacity

[mAh]

3.3V / cell (9.9V) 3.0V / cell (9.0V) 2.7V /cell(8.1V)

3.6V / cell 10.8V)

Cut off voltage:

a) standard controllers determine for Lipol battery

Battery voltage for current:

b) TMM® controllers, setting for Lipol battery

(12.6V) U

100%

(start of power reduction)

capacity [mAh]

Battery voltage for current:

3.0V / cell (9.0V) 3.3V / cell (9.9V)3.6V / cell (10.8V)

Cut off voltage:

3.7V / cell

3.8V / cell

Defined residual energy for BEC

75% 90%95%

4.2V čl.

0.5C 2C 6C 10C

Regular controllers (even Lipol compatible) have either a solid switching off voltage (for example 3V per cell) or it is possible to set this value. For example for set boundary 3V per cell the controller is switch off or it starts to reduce revolutions when this value is reached no matter how big the drawn current is. This means that the residual energy significantly changes according to a instantaneous current load of batteries (and also according to inner resistance of the cells] from 0 to 95 % - depending only on the set voltage boundary. If the example on the graph above is considered with a set boundary of 3V per cell the controller will switch off when drawn current is 10C when there is still 40% of energy still left, while for 2C current when only 5% of energy is left. For boundary of 3.3V per cell the controller would switch off for currents of 10C when only few percent of energy were consumed while for 2c after 92% of energy would be consumed..

TMM® controllers handle the situation quite differently. The switching off voltage is always recalculated into „inner“ voltage of the battery – therefore is independent on both drawn current as well as inner resistance of the accumulator. This means the set residual energy is always the same and does not depend on currents and inner resistance of battery. Batteries are then always discharged to same level, regardless how big currents are drawn. The value of set residual energy is therefore only little dependent on the features of battery and the discharging current. For example for switching voltage 3.7V per cell controller switches off the motor or starts to reduce revolutions always after 90% of energy is used up no matter if the drawn current is 10C or 2c. (The voltage of accumulator after switch of the current always rises to a value close to curve of 0.5V – this discharging curve is close to „inner“ voltage of battery. This curve describes how much the controller is discharged.

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Controllers TMM® xx10 and TMM® xx12 advanced line for brushed electric motors

These processor controllers are designed for use in slow-flyers, park-flyers and aircraft models operating with brushed electric motors (DC motors). The controllers are partly user programmable. They feature whole range of advantages and outstanding properties thanks to the High-tech TMM technology which they use. After switching on the controller determines many necessary parameters by itself (APS). Some parameters and features can user easily set through a very simple programming procedure – this setup you must make. All types are manufactured with or without a switch.

User programmable parameters: - Setting the min and max throttle position - Brake (off / on), Intensity of brake (Advanced types, 18A and more) - Type of cells (NiCd, NiMH / Li- Ion, Li-Pol), Number of Li xxx cells (Advanced types, 18A and more)

Basic automatically programmable parameters include: - Automatic current fuse (ACF), which cuts the motor off upon forced stop or overload. The controller resumes operation

after turning off the fuse and dropping the throttle to zero. If motor is too powerful for the controller (even if run with a small load and its full power is not used) current fuse may also turn the controller off because current may in peaks exceed safe boundaries. However, average current may stay small.

- Breaking voltage is determined through measurements based upon the number of cells, inner resistance of battery, continuous currents so that the minimum energy needed for reliable operation of BEC is preserved. The controller starts to continuously reduce motor revolutions or immediately cuts off when there occurs drop of voltage (IPR, RPC). The reduction of motor revolutions or the cut off starts at the point when the motor power would be decreasing fastly due to rapidly falling feeding voltage. Motor would draw the remaining energy from batteries very fastly. This energy is therefore rather preserved for BEC (that means for servos and receiver, see page 5 for more information).

- The timing of the control signal and therefore controllers mask momentary interference and drop-outs up to ca 1.5 sec. very well. When there occur long-lasting drop-outs the controller reduces the revolutions slowly to zero. Furthermore, the motor will not start running without the correct signal from the transmitter.

The controller condition (low accumulators, switched off current fuse etc) is indicated acoustically by means of the motor.

One is also acoustically (by beeps) warned of: - the difference between min and full throttle position is too small – must be enlarged - throttle stick min and full position exceeds the values of 0.5 ms and / or 2.5 ms (small or big pulse width of control

signal)- must be changed - the transmitter is turned off - more or less cells than required

Controllers are turned on by turning off the switch („s“ version with switch) or battery connect. Possible damage to the switch therefore has no negative effect on the controller operation and BEC – both remain fully operational.

Suitable for motors of the range: Potensky, SPEED 280, SPEED 400, etc.

8A and 12

18A, 25 A, 35A and 50A

Power, rpm

Behavior then signal loss:

time

Very slowly reduce motor

revolutions

Input signal from receiver

motor power

Signal loss

Masking of signal loss for 1,5 sec.

Signal OK

Very slowly reduce motor revolutions to zero when signal missing

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Basic parameters of the controllers for brushed motors

TMM® xxxx: 0810 1210 „advanced“ 1812 2512 3512 5012

Ordering number 10.00810.s1h0 10.01210.s1h0 10.01812.s1h0 10.02512.s1h0 10.03512.s1h0 10.05012.s1h0

Dimensions [mm]: 18×16.5×5 18×16.5×5 29×24×5 29×24×5 29×24×5 29×24×5 Dimensions (with ext. capacitor) [mm]: 18×16.5×5 18×16.5×5 29×24×5 29×24×5 29×24×5 29×24×5 Weight incl. all conductors: 5 g 5 g 13 g 15 g 19 g 19 g Weight without power conductors (with servocable): 2.5 g 2.5 g 9 g 9 g 9 g 9 g Power conductors cross section: 0,5 mm2 0,5 mm2 1,0 mm2 1,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 Length of Power conductors: 70 mm 70 mm 90 mm 90 mm 90 mm 90 mm JR gold connector, cables: 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2 Length of servocable: 170 mm 170 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm No. of feeding NiCd/NiMH cells: 6 – 10 6 – 10 6 – 12 6 – 12 6 – 12 6 – 12 No. of feeding Li-Ion / Li-Pol cells: 2 – 3 2 – 3 2 – 4 2 – 4 2 – 4 2 – 4 Max. current (for full throttle): 8 A 12 A 18 A 25 A 35 A 50 A Max. current for 5 sec. (peak): 10 A 15 A 23 A 31 A 42 A 60 A Number of regulation steps: 256 256 1023 1023 1023 1023 Switching frequency of motor control (PWM) : 4 kHz 4 kHz 4 kHz 4 kHz 4 kHz 4 kHz On-state switch resistance at 25 °C : 8,5 mΩ 6,8 mΩ 5,0 mΩ 3,5 mΩ 2,5 mΩ 1,8 mΩ type: BEC BEC MEGA BEC + MEGA BEC+ MEGA BEC+ MEGA BEC+ BEC voltage: 5 V 5 V 5 V 5 V 5 V 5 V max. BEC current for 25 °C: 2A 2A 4A 4A 4A 4A Programming with transmitter: yes yes yes yes yes yes Programming with computer (PC): no no no no no no Programming with card UNICARD: no no no no no no Data reading from controller: no no no no no no

Recommended use: Aircraft, gliders, for motor with or without gearbox Automatically programmed parameters: parameters of control signal, number (only NiCd/NiMH) and quality of cells, current fuse, cut of voltage

Possibility of controllers 8A and 12A programming:

Possibility of Advanced controllers 18A, 25A, 35A and 50A programming:

Parameter Value of parameter 0 1 2

B Brake next parameter Brake off Brake on

C Type of cells End of programming NiCd / NiMH Li-Ion / Li-Pol

Parameter Value of parameter 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Mode choice Parameters setup „BASIC mode“ -- -- --

2 Brake next parameter Brake off light medium high hard extra hard

3 Type of cells End of program. NiCd / NiMH Li-Ion, Li-Pol 2 cells

Li-Ion, Li-Pol 3 cells

Li-Ion, Li-Pol 4 cells -- --

Notice: - Default setting is bold and underlined - „next parameter“ means skipping to the next parameter by directly setting „ full throttle“ in the parameter (the skipped parameter will not be

changed)

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Controllers TMM® xx10 heli for brushed electric motors

These processor controllers are designed for use in small helicopter models operating with brushed electric motors (DC motors). The controllers are partly user programmable. They feature whole range of advantages and outstanding properties thanks to the High-tech TMM technology which they use. After switching on the controller determines many necessary parameters by itself (APS). Some parameters and features can user easily set through a very simple programming procedure – this setup you must make. All types are manufactured with or without a switch.

User programmable parameters: - Setting the min and max throttle position - Acceleration speed (3 steps) - Deceleration speed (3 steps and freewheel) - Type of cells (NiCd, NiMH / Li- Ion, Li-Pol

Basic automatically programmable parameters include: - Automatic current fuse (ACF), which cuts the motor off upon

forced stop or overload. The controller resumes operation after turning off the fuse and dropping the throttle to zero. If motor is too powerful for the controller (even if run with a small load and its full power is not used) current fuse may also turn the controller off because current may in peaks exceed safe boundaries. However, average current may stay small.

- Breaking voltage is determined through measurements based upon the number of cells, inner resistance of battery, continuous currents so that the minimum energy needed for reliable operation of BEC is preserved. The controller starts to continuously reduce motor revolutions or immediately cuts off when there occurs drop of voltage (IPR, RPC). The reduction of motor revolutions or the cut off starts at the point when the motor power would be decreasing fastly due to rapidly falling feeding voltage. Motor would draw the remaining energy from batteries very fastly. This energy is therefore rather preserved for BEC (that means for servos and receiver, see page 5 for more information).

- The timing of the control signal and therefore controllers mask momentary interference and drop-outs up to ca 1.5 sec. very well. When there occur long-lasting drop-outs the controller reduces the revolutions very slowly to zero. If the proper signal is resumed, the revolutions continuously rise to the point given by the throttle stick position.

- Furthermore, the motor will not start running without the correct signal from the transmitter.

The controller condition (low accumulators, etc.) is indicated acoustically by means of the motor.

Controllers are turned on by turning off the switch („s“ version with switch) or battery connect. Possible damage to the switch therefore has no negative effect on the controller operation and BEC – both remain fully operational.

NiCd and NiMH or Li-Ion and Li-Pol cells may be used as feeding accumulators. The controller is encased in transparent shrinking sleeve. It is recommended to cool the controllers during operation. Possibility of Heli controllers 8A and 12A programming: Suitable for motors of the range: Potensky, SPEED 280, SPEED 400, etc.

0810 heli 12 heli

Number of NiCd / NiMh feeding cells: 6 - 10 6 - 10 Number of Li-Ion / Li-Pol feeding cells: 2 and 3 2 and 3 Max. continuous current: 8 A 12 A Max. current for 5 sec. 10 A 15 A Recommended load: DC electric motor DC electric motor Switching frequency of the motor (PWM): 4 kHz 4 kHz On-state switch resistance at 25 °C: 2×0,0085 Ω 2×0,0068 Ω Max. current of BEC 5,0 V circuit (for 25°C) : 2 A (peak) 2 A (peak) JR gold connector, cables 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2

Dimensions : 18 × 16,5 × 5 mm 18 × 16,5 × 5 mm Weight without cables („s“ version): 1,5 g (3,2 g) 1,5 g (3,2 g) Total weight with all cables : 5 g (6,8 g) 5 g (6,8 g) Power cables of length 70 mm: 0,5 mm2 0,5 mm2

Current fuse of the controller + ACF no no Automatic current reduce (ACR) yes yes Intelligent power reduce for empty battery (IPR) yes yes Thermal fuse of the controller no no Programming parameters permanent memory yes yes

Recommended use: Micro helicopters

Automatically programmed parameters: parameters of control signal, number and quality of cells, current fuse, cut of voltage Programmed parameters: Min. and max. throttle position, Acceleration, Deceleration / freewheel, Type of the cells

Parameter Value of parameter 0 1 2 3 4

B acceleration next parameter 0,5 sec. 1,5 sec. 3,0 sec.

C deceleration next parameter freewheel 0,5 sec. 1,5 sec. 3,0 sec.

D Type of cells End of programming NiCd / NiMH Li-Ion / Li-Pol

Power, rpm

Value of the acceleration and deceleration:

time

100%

Quick acceleration

Slow acceleration

freewheel

Quick deceleration

Slow deceleration

- 11 -

Programmable brushless controllers Easy (for aircrafts of all categories)

Outstanding controllers for every modeler. Very cheap, however at the same time quality controllers. Great ratio feature / price. If Lipol cells are used, nothing has to be set, the controller is ready and you can go flying immediately. Basic parameters may be also set very simply using transmitter or programming card UNICARD.

“Easy” controllers are new range of controllers which are extremely simple to use – it cannot be more simple. Controllers are ready for immediate use without programming – all is set automatically. These are very quality controllers for brushless sensorless motors (BLCD motors). If some parameters need to be changed it may simply be done using transmitter. Set parameters are permanently saved in the memory.

The controllers ensure maximal efficiency of the drive with all kinds of motors. They feature extremely fine regulation and very soft starts. BEC is very powerful (except for easy 7 where the need for minimal dimensions and weight is determining). All controllers are designed for Lipol cells and they watch their minimal voltage perfectly, they of course work with NiCd/NiMH batteries. Outstanding features of TMM® controllers Easy:

• ready to fly immediately, without programming • great operation with all types of motors – outrunners as well as classic motors (rotor inside) • basic parameters may be easily set (programmed)

- easily using transmitter without time limitations - very easy with programming card UNICARD

• outstanding care and protection of Lipol/Lion cells (of extreme importance) as well as of NiCd/NiMH (the system eliminates the impact of inner resistance of cells and amplitude of current on the switching voltage)

• outstanding interference masking and signal dropouts • extremely fine throttle step (1024 values) • soft start • motor as well as controller overheating protection • small dimensions and weight • extremely powerful BEC • safe controller switch on; prevents unexpected throttle start • signalization by LED and acoustically • extremely small inner resistance of controllers due to

using the best switching FET transistors • using 8kHz switching frequency with low inner resistance ensures very small losses in the controller • from 2 – 3 Lipol / 7A, 12A up to 2 - 4 Lipol / 18A, 25 A and 40A • version with switch manufactured also (safety connection)

Programmable parameters: • type of cells • timing (automatic + 5 possibilities of manual setting 5 to 25°) • reversal of motor revolutions

6 m

m

25

mm

36 mm

28 mm

28

mm

48 mm

36 mm

25

mm

23 mm

22 mm

18 m

m

Easy 7

Easy 12

Easy 18 and Easy 25

Easy 40

- 12 -

Basic parameters of “Easy” controllers

TMM® xxxx-3 Easy: easy 7 easy 12 easy18 easy 25 easy 40

Ordering number

Dimensions [mm]: 22×18×4.5 25×23×6 28×25×6 28×25×6 36×28×6 Dimensions (with external capacitor) [mm]: 22×18×4.5 25×23×6 36×25×6 36×25×6 48×28×6 Weight incl. all conductors: 5,5 g 9 g 17 g 19 g 32 g Weight without power conductors (with servocable): 3,5 g 6 g 10 g 10 g 18 g Power conductors cross section: 0,5 mm2 0,5 mm2 1,0mm2 1,5 mm2 2,5 mm2

Length of Power conductors: 70 mm 70 mm 90 mm 90 mm 90 mm JR gold connector, cables: 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2 Length of servocable: 170 mm 170 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm

No. of feeding Li-Ion / Li-Pol cells: 2 – 3 2 – 3 2 – 4 2 – 4 2 – 4 No. of feeding NiCd/NiMH cells: 6 – 10 6 – 10 6 – 12 6 – 12 6 – 12 Max. current (for full throttle): 7 A 12 A 18 A 25 A 40 A Max. current for 5 sec. (peak): 10 A 15 A 23 A 30 A 50 A Number of regulation steps: 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 Switching frequency of motor control (PWM): 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz On-state switch resistance at 25 °C: 2×18 mΩ 2×6,3mΩ 2×3,7mΩ 2×3,1 mΩ 2×1,8 mΩ

type: BEC MEGA BEC MEGA BEC+ MEGA BEC+ MEGA BEC+ BEC voltage: 5 V 5 V 5 V 5 V 5 V max. BEC current for 25 °C: 2A 4A 4A 4A 4A

Programming with transmitter: + + + + + Programming with computer (PC): -- -- -- -- -- Programming with card UNICARD: + + + + + Data reading from controller: -- -- -- -- --

Recommended use: Aircraft, gliders, for motor with or without gearbox

Automatically programmed parameters: parameters of control signal, number (only NiCd/NiMH) and quality of cells, current fuse, cut of voltage

Note: weight of the controllers with switch is about 2 grams higher

Meaning of each parameter:

Parameter A – batteries: sets type of batteries – Lipol, Li-Ion or NiCd, NiMH. For a correct operation of the controller and for a reliable protection of batteries it is necessary to specify the type of cells. In the preset settings, use of Lipol (Li-Ion) cell sis expected. Therefore if you wish to use NiCd or NiMH cells, it is strongly recommended to change this parameter.

Parameter B – timing: here you may choose 5 different timings include automatic timing. Automatic timing is strongly recommended because it ensures optimal setting and maximal efficiency. While using the definite values of timing and higher timing you may rise the motor revolution or the twisting moment a bit but always at the expense of lowering the efficiency. If you wish to have higher revolutions it is better to use different motor or more cells because lower efficiency cannot be made up for. High value of timing may in unsuitable combination with some motors damage the controller! Motor with high inductance in rate to maximal current, for example some “LRK” motors, lots of motors from CD ROMs, etc.) setup timing 7,5° or 15°, automatic timing may not be optimal. The need of setting different timing can be easily recognized – motor looses synchronization for higher loads.

Parameter C – reverse: This parameter sets a reversed direction of motor rotation without the need of swapping any two wires to motor.

Programming table:

Default setting is marked as bold

parameter Value of parameter 0 (= ENTER) 1 2 3 4 5

A Battery type next parameter Lipol NiCd, NiMH

B Timing next parameter automatic 7,5° 15° 22° 28°

C Reverse End of programming no yes - - -

- 13 -

Right orientation

to USBCOM and PC

Connector ICS

TMM xxxx-3, EXPERT+

CC_02

Connection cable CC_02 or

UNICARD

Programmable brushless controllers EXPERT and EXPERT+ (for aircrafts of all categories)

Outstanding controllers even for most demanding modelers. Enable to optimize your power unit thanks to the possibility to read out data from the controller. Programmable either by transmitter or PC or programming card UNICARD. Controllers are outstanding fully programmable controllers for brushless sensorless motors for race boats. They are manufactured with the use of surface mounting from very modern components. Controllers are ready for immediate use without programming. They may easily programmed when desired. When programming using PC it is necessary to use USBCOM or USBCOM+ module for connecting and a corresponding SW. Servocable is used for connection with USBCOM(+) .

The controllers EXPERT+ (except for 7A and 12 A controllers) are connected to the USBCOM(+) module or to UNICARD using CC_02 cable which is plugged in a special ICS connector which is a part of the controller. In such case it is not necessary to disconnect the controller from the receiver each time which makes the manipulation significantly easier.

Outstanding features of TMM® controllers EXPERT and EXPERT+:

• ready to fly immediately, without programming • great operation with all types of motors – outrunners as well as classic motors (rotor inside) • all parameters may be easily set (programmed)

- easily using transmitter without time limitations - very clearly and simply using PC - very easy with programming card UNICARD

• programming using ICS connector –no more programming using servocable and pulling it out from the receiver (applies to EXPERT +, except for 7A and 12A controllers)

• possibility to read out important data measured during flight using PC (powerful tool for optimal power settings) • outstanding care and protection of Lipol/Lion cells (of extreme importance) as well as of NiCd/NiMH (the system

eliminates the impact of inner resistance of cells and amplitude of current on the switching voltage) • possibility to define residual energy for BEC (respectively switching off voltage) • outstanding interference masking and signal dropouts • extremely fine throttle step (1024 values) • soft start • motor as well as controller overheating protection • small dimensions and weight • extremely powerful BEC • possibility of setting BEC voltage – 6V or 5V (for controller 0710-3 these voltages are 5V and 3,7V) • safe controller switch on; prevents unexpected throttle start • signalization by diode and acoustically • extremely small inner resistance of controllers due to

using the best switching FET transistors • using 8kHz switching frequency with low inner resistance ensures very small losses in the controller • from 1 Lipol / 7A up to 2- 5 Lipol /224A, 8 Lipol / 160A and 10 Lipol / 120 A (23 types) • version with switch is available also • construction enables use of external coolers for better heat dissipation for more powerful controllers • all versions manufactured also in version with water and humidity protection

Programmable parameters:

• type and number of cells (for Lipols) • brake yes / no (6 values of strengths) • acceleration – 6 values from 0,16 to 1,3 s • timing (automatic + 5 possibilities of setting 5 to 25°) • behavior when batteries low revolutions reduced / switch off • amount of residual energy / switching off voltage (10 values from 2,9V to 3,8 V per cell) • voltage of BEC 5V/ 6V (5V / 3.7 for 0710-3) • reversal of motor revolutions • type of interference masking

- 14 -

PC window:

Meaning of each parameter:

Parameter A – mode: choice of modes (BASIC / AIRCRAFT) – BASIC: basic mode with default settings. Lipol cells are default settings! Enables the user to start flying immediately. Brake

must be set ON or OFF after each switch ON of the controller again. Only type and number of cells can be set permanently.

– AIRCRAFT: all parameters can be set by user. All parameters are permanently saved. After switch on the controller is immediately ready for use with the saved settings. Throttle must be in min position to start – a safety precaution to avoid unwanted start of motor.

Parameter B – battery: sets type of batteries – NiCd, NiMH or Li-Ion, Li-Pol (automatic number setting up to 5 cells) and number of Li-xxx cells directly. It is necessary to specify a type of cells to ensure correct behavior of controller and for reliable protection of battery. For Li-xxx cells it is also recommended set number of cells. You can choice automatic number setting – correct number setting is possible only for full or partial charge battery. For discharge battery is not possible automatic setting correct number of cells. For 2 Lipol cells set automatic setting.

Parameter C – brake: enables to set „brake off“ or intesity of braking in 5 levels. Set according to your preferences.

Parameter D – acceleration: Enables to set acceleration in 6 levels. Set according to your needs. The faster acceleration is set, the higher peak currents will occur at start – this may lead to a cut off by current fuse of the controller. These currents may reach up to 10 times of nominal current! Therefore set with consideration so the speed of reaction was high enough but not unreasonably fast for your model.

Parameter E – timing: here you may choose (and experiment with) 5 different timings. The sixth possibility is automatic timing which is strongly recommended because it ensures optimal setting and maximal efficiency. While using the definite values of timing and higher timing you may rise the motor revolution or the twisting moment a bit but always at the expense of lowering the efficiency. If you wish to have higher revolutions it is better to use different motor or more cells because lower efficiency cannot be made up for. High value of timing may in unsuitable combination with some motors damage the controller !

Motor with high inductance in rate to maximal current, for example AXI 4120, 4130…, some “LRK” motors, lots of motors from CD ROMs, etc.) setup timing 5° or 10° or 15, automatic timing may not be optimal. The need of setting different timing can be easily recognized – motor looses synchronization for higher loads.

Parameter F – controller behavior when batteries are getting low: This parameter enables to set controller behavior at the moment when the voltage of battery gets on the discharging curve to the point where the controller starts to preserve residual energy for BEC. It is possible to set a continuous revolutions reduction or a jump cut off (with the possibility of new cut on after throttling to zero).

Parameter G – Residual energy for BEC: this parameter sets the moment in which the revolutions will start to be reduced or cut off motor when battery are getting low. If this parameter is set appropriately, the start of motor revolutions reduction will be close to the point when batteries are almost discharged. It will set the amount of residual energy for BEC. This is very important for Lipol cells.

Parameter H – BEC voltage: enables to set voltage of BEC to standard 5V or to higher 6V. Higher voltage could be advantageous if you need higher power and speed of servos. This parameter is automatically jumped in OPTO versions (after „G“ parameter is programming directly „I“ parameter).

Parameter I – reverse: This parameter reversed direction of motor rotation without the need of swapping any two wires to motor.

Parameter J – interference masking: This parameter enables to set an optimal cooperation between receiver and controller when loss of signal occurs or when the signal from transmitter is noisy. Many processor receivers take care of this problem themselves (not like analog receivers). Controller has also very powerful ability to suppress losses due to interference. The cooperation of these two parts (controller and receiver) then may not be optimal. In such cases set this parameter to “no”. The controller in this set up, has some of the masking algorithms suppressed and leaves the receiver to handle the situation – the cooperation of controller and receiver is than much better. When using analog receivers (and some digital ones) it is recommended to leave this parameter set to “yes”, then the controller takes care of masking the loss of signal and interferences completely by itself. If you are not sure how your receiver solves this problematic, try both settings and choose the better one.

Par

amet

ers

read

out

from

con

trolle

r are

di

spla

yed

here

+ c

hang

es o

f par

amet

ers

can

be d

one

here

usi

ng m

ouse

Fast setting of default parameters

Type and version of controller are recognized automatically

Shi

ft to

oth

er p

aram

eter

s

Measured values area

Min. a max. throttle position – read out/ change of value

Setting number of the motor poles and gear ratio

- 15 -

28

mm

51 mm

34 gr.

36 mm

25

mm

6 mm

23 mm

1.1 gram

15

mm

15 mm

22 mm

4,5

mm

18 m

m

25

mm

44 mm

21 gr.

28 mm

6 m

m

TMM 0703-3 Expert 7A / 1 Lipol

TMM 0710-3 Expert 7A / 1 – 3 Lipol

3 – 10 Nixx

TMM 1210-3 Expert

TMM 1816-3 Expert+ / 2516-3 Expert+

TMM 3316-3 Expert+ / 4416-3 Expert+

TMM xxxxx-3 Expert+, Controllers for higher power

TMM xxxxx-3 Expert+, Controllers for higher power with external heat sinks

- 16 -

Basic parameters of EXPERT and EXPERT+ controllers EXPERT ver 3.2x : EXPERT+ ver 4.2x:

TMM® xxxx-3 0703-3 0710-3 1210-3 1816-3 2516-3 3316-3 4416-3

Ordering number: 14.00703 14.00710 14.01210 14.01816 14.02516 14.03316 14.04416

Dimensions [mm]: 15×15×4 22×18×4,5 25×23×6 28×25×6 28×25×6 36×28×6 36×28×6 Dimensions (with external capacitor) [mm]: 15×15×4 22×18×4,5 25×23×6 44×25×6 44×25×6 51×28×6 51×28×6 Weight incl. all conductors: 3,7 g 5,5 g 9 g 17 g 19 g 32 g 32 g Weight without power conductors: 1,1 g 3,5 g 6 g 10 g 10 g 18 g 18 g Power conductors cross section: 0,35 / 0,25 mm2 0,5 mm2 0,5 mm2 1,0 mm2 1,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 Length of Power conductors: 70 mm 70 mm 70 mm 90 mm 90 mm 90 mm 90 mm JR gold connector, cables: 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2 Length of servocable: 130 mm 170 mm 170 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm

No. of feeding NiCd/NiMH cells: – 3 – 10 6 – 10 6 – 16 6 – 16 6 – 16 6 – 16 No. of feeding Li-Ion / Li-Pol cells: 1 1 – 3 2 – 3 2 – 5 2 – 5 2 – 5 2 – 5 Max. current (for full throttle): 7 A 7 A 12 A 18 A 25 A 33 A 44 A Max. current for 5 sec. (peak): 10 A 10 A 15 A 23 A 30 A 40 A 55 A Number of regulation steps: 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 Switching frequency of motor control (PWM) : 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz On-state switch resistance at 25 °C : 2×18 mΩ 2×18 mΩ 2×6,3 mΩ 2×3,7 mΩ 2×3,1 mΩ 2×2,9 mΩ 2×1,2 mΩ

type: BEC BEC MEGA BEC MEGA BEC+*) MEGA BEC+*) MEGA BEC+*) MEGA BEC+*) BEC voltage: filtering battery voltage 3,7 / 5 V 5 / 6 V 5 / 6 V 5 / 6 V 5 / 6 V 5 / 6 V max. BEC current for 25 °C: 1A 3,2A 4A 4A 4A 4A 4A

Programming with transmitter: + + + + + + + Programming with computer (PC): + + + + + + + Programming with card UNICARD: + + + + + + + Data reading from controller: + + + + + + + ICS connector: - - - + + + +

Possibility of Water Proof version: + + + + + + + Possibility of addition of external heat sinks: - - - - - - - Possibility of addition of switch: - + + + + + +

Recommended use: Aircraft, gliders, for motor with or without gearbox

*) BEC voltage is automatically off for battery voltage higher then 17V (12 cells). You cannot take out the central core of the servo cable connector for disconnect BEC. Note: weight of the controllers with switch is about 2 grams higher

Basic parameters of EXPERT+ controllers

TMM® xxxx-3 EXPERT+ V 4.2x 6012-3 8012-3 6016-3 8016-3 12016-3 16016-3 22412-3 22416-3

Ordering number: 14.06012 14.08012 14.06016 14.08016 14.12016 14.16016 14.22412 14.22416

Dimensions [mm]: 50×31×14 50×31×14 50×31×14 50×31×14 50×31×17 50×31×20 50×31×19 50×31×19 Dimensions (with external capacitor) [mm]: 62×31×14 62×31×14 65×31×14 65×31×14 65×31×17 65×31×20 65×31×19 65×31×19 Weight without power conductors: 40 g 42 g 40 g 42 g 52 g 60 g 63 g 63 g Weight incl. all conductors: 55 g 57 g 55 g 57 g 83 g 91 g 94 g 94 g Power conductors cross section: 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 4 mm2 *) 4 mm2 *) 4 mm2 *) 4 mm2 *)

Length of Power conductors: 90 mm 90 mm 90 mm 90 mm 120 mm 120 mm 120 mm 120 mm JR gold connector, cables: 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,15 mm2 Length of servocable: 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm

No. of feeding NiCd/NiMH cells: 6 – 12 6 – 12 7 – 16 7 – 16 7 – 16 7 – 16 6 – 12 6 – 16 No. of feeding Li-Ion / Li-Pol cells: 2 – 4 2 – 4 3 – 5 3 – 5 3 – 5 3 – 5 2 – 4 2 – 5 Max. current (for full throttle): 60 A 80 A 60 A 80 A 120 A 160 A 224 A 224 A Max. current for 5 sec. (peak): 70 A 100 A 70 A 100 A 150 A 200 A 260 A 260 A Number of regulation steps: 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 Switching frequency of motor control (PWM): 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz On-state switch resistance at 25 °C: 2×1,0 mΩ 2×0,67 mΩ 2×1,0 mΩ 2×0,67 mΩ 2×0,44 mΩ 2×0,33 mΩ 2×0,20 mΩ 2×0,20 mΩ

type: MEGA BEC+ MEGA BEC+ OPTO OPTO OPTO OPTO MEGA BEC+ OPTO BEC voltage: 5 / 6 V 5 / 6 V -- -- -- -- 5 / 6 V -- max. BEC current for 25 °C: 4A 4A -- -- -- -- 4A --

Programming with transmitter: + + + + + + + + Programming with computer (PC): + + + + + + + + Programming with card UNICARD: + + + + + + + + Data reading from controller: + + + + + + + + ICS connector: + + + + + + + +

Possibility of Water Proof version: + + + + + + + + Possibility of addition of external heat sinks: + + + + + + + + Possibility of addition of switch: + + + + + + + +

Recommended use: Aircraft, gliders, for motor with or without gearbox

*) alternative 2×2,5 mm2 or 2×4,0 mm2

Note: weight of the controllers with switch is about 2 grams higher

- 17 -

Programming table of the “EXPERT” controllers

Parameter Value of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 parameter = ENTER

A Mode choice next parameter BASIC AIRCRAFT - - - - - - - -

B Battery type *) next parameter NiCd / NiMH 1 - 2×Lipol 3×Lipol 4×Lipol 5×Lipol 6×Lipol 7×Lipol 8×Lipol 9×Lipol 10×Lipol

Automat

C Brake next parameter Brake off light medium high hard very hard - - - -

D Acceleration next parameter 0,16s 0,29s 0,41s 0,66s 0,95s 1,3s - - - -

E Timing next parameter automatic 5° 10° 15° 20° 25° - - - -

F Behavior when next parameter slow reduce Motor - - - - - - - - battery low of power cut off G Residual energy next parameter Nixx = 0,80V 0,84V 0,88V 0,92V 0,96V 1,00V 1,04V 1,08V 1,12V 1,16V for BEC Li-xxx =2,90V 3,00V 3,10V 3,20V 3,30V 3,40V 3,50V 3,60V 3,70V 3,80V

H BEC voltage next parameter 5V 6V - - - - - - - - I Reverse next parameter no yes - - - - - - - -

J Interference end of program. yes no - - - - - - - - masking

*) maximal number of Lipol cells for a controller is given in technical specifications for each controller

Note: In BASIC mode is possible program only battery type and number of the cells.

Basic parameters of EXPERT+ controllers

TMM® xxxx-3 EXPERT+ V 4.2x 4024-3 8024-3 12024-3 16024-3 4032-3 6032-3 9032-3 12032-3

Ordering number: 14.04024 14.08024 14.12024 14.16024 14.04032 14.06032 14.09032 14.12032

Dimensions [mm]: 50×31×13 50×31×13 50×31×16 50×31×19 50×31×13 50×31×13 50×31×16 50×31×19 Dimensions (with external capacitor) [mm]: 80×31×13 80×31×13 80×31×16 80×31×19 80×31×13 80×31×13 80×31×16 80×31×19 Weight without power conductors: 37 g 45 g 55 g 64 g 43 g 45 g 55 g 64 g Weight incl. all conductors: 52 g 60 g 86 g 95 g 58 g 60 g 86 g 95 g Power conductors cross section: 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 4 mm2 *) 4 mm2 *) 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 4 mm2 *) 4 mm2 *) Length of Power conductors: 90 mm 90 mm 110 mm 110 mm 90 mm 90 mm 110 mm 110 mm JR gold connector, cables: 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 Length of servocable: 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm

No. of feeding NiCd/NiMH cells: 7 – 24 7 – 24 7 – 24 7 – 24 7 – 32 7 – 32 7 – 32 7 – 32 No. of feeding Li-Ion / Li-Pol cells: 3 – 8 3 – 8 3 – 8 3 – 8 3 – 10 3 – 10 3 – 10 3 – 10 Max. current (for full throttle): 40 A 80 A 120 A 160 A 40 A 60 A 90 A 120 A Max. current for 5 sec. (peak): 50 A 100 A 150 A 200 A 50 A 70 A 110 A 150 A Number of regulation steps: 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 Switching frequency of motor control (PWM): 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz On-state switch resistance at 25 °C: 2×1,4 mΩ 2×0,7 mΩ 2×0,47 mΩ 2×0,35 mΩ 2×1,5 mΩ 2×1,0 mΩ 2×0,67 mΩ 2

type: OPTO OPTO OPTO OPTO OPTO OPTO OPTO OPTO BEC voltage: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- max. BEC current for 25 °C: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Programming with transmitter: + + + + + + + + Programming with computer (PC): + + + + + + + + Programming with card UNICARD: + + + + + + + + Data reading from controller: + + + + + + + + ICS connector: + + + + + + + +

Possibility of Water Proof version: + + + + + + + + Possibility of addition of external heat sinks: + + + + + + + + Possibility of addition of switch: + + + + + + + +

Recommended use: Aircraft, gliders, for motor with or without gearbox

*) alternatie 2×2,5 mm2 or 2×4,0 mm2

Note: weight of the controllers with switch is about 2 grams higher

- 18 -

6 m

m

28

mm

51 mm

36 mm

Right orientation

to USBCOM and PC

Connector ICS

TMM xxxx-3, EXPERT+

CC_02

Connection cable CC_02 or

UNICARD

Programmable brushless controllers Z-serie (for aircrafts of all categories)

Outstanding controllers even for most demanding modelers. Black Box measuring unit may be connected to the controller and measure all important quantities during flight. Parameters may be optimized from the measured data. Programmable either by transmitter or or programming card UNICARD.

Controllers TMM® xxxx – 3, Z-series are unique fully programmable controllers for brushless sensorless motors (BLCD motors). These controllers may be connected with a measuring device – Black Box BB_03 module using CC_01 cable. This set works as a unique and outstanding flying measuring device which is perferct for helping you set your power to optimum and for perfect setting of the whole power unit (batteries – controller – motor- propeller). It measures and saves all important data of your drive (batteries – controller – motor – propeller) during flight, thus real values in operation, not static values measured on a test bench. This allows the user not only to optimize the power unit but also to determine the mutual dependencies such as dependence of current on propeller, efficiency of

drive on propeller, efficiency of timing, real power consumption of the drive, power consumption depending on type of cells (their hardness) etc.

It is a powerful device for determining the real load of BEC during operation of the model (it is the end of absurd evaluations with 300% error leading to destruction of BEC or the model.)It is a powerful device for determining the real load of BEC during operation of the model ( it is the end of absurd evaluations with 300% error leading to destruction of BEC or the model).

After the flight the saved data are transferred to PC using USBCOM module where they can be evaluated. Data are presented

in graphs as well as in excel format tables which may be further processed. For more information on connection of the controller to the BB_03, control, graph plotting etc see Manual for BB_03. Length of recording > 13 minutes.

Outstanding features of TMM® controllers Z-serie:

• ready to fly immediately, without programming • great operation with all types of motors – outrunners as well as classic motors (rotor inside) • all parameters may be easily set (programmed)

- easily using transmitter without time limitations - very clearly and simply using PC - very easy with programming card UNICARD

• programming using ICS connector – no more programming using servocable and pulling it out from the receiver it

• possibility to read out important data measured during flight using PC (powerful tool for optimal power settings) • possibility of Black Box connection • outstanding care and protection of Lipol/Lion cells (of extreme importance) as well as of NiCd/NiMH (the system

eliminates the impact of inner resistance of cells and amplitude of current on the switching voltage) • possibility to define residual energy for BEC (respectively switching off voltage) • outstanding interference masking and signal dropouts • extremely fine throttle step (1024 values) • soft start • motor as well as controller overheating protection • small dimensions and weight • extremely powerful BEC • possibility of setting BEC voltage 6V or 5V • safe controller switch on; prevents unexpected throttle start • signalization by diode and acoustically

BB_03 unit

CC_01

CC_02

Mea

surin

g ext. temperature

to „marking“ receiver channel

ext. voltage

to USBCOM

Controller TMM xxxx-3, Z-series

30 mm

Current sensing „+“

Current sensing „–“

Whole device < 6 grams

Data and power supply

Communication with PC

MC_04

- 19 -

BB_03 together with TMM xxxx-3 Z-series controllers measures with high precision, saves and displays each 100 ms these quantities:

• voltage of feeding (main) battery • current drawn from the feeding battery- the value of the measured current is not limited (it does not go through BB_03

but is sensed as a potential drop on the power cable to the controller) • input power of the motor • voltage of BEC • current of BEC • load of BEC (power loss of BEC) • motor revolutions • throttle stick position • controller temperature • voltage of the battery, motor external sensor • any receiver channel (or event marking) • external voltage (0 to +5V), with additional resistor 24kΩ voltage +25V, with other resistors even more (possibility of

connecting speedometer or altimeter )

• extremely small inner resistance of controllers due to using the best switching FET transistors

• using 8kHz switching frequency with low inner resistance ensures very small losses in the controller • from 2 – 5 Lipol / 18A up to 224A, 8 Lipol / 160A and 10 Lipol / 120 A (20 types) • version with switch is available also • construction enables use of external coolers for better heat dissipation for more powerful controllers • all versions manufactured also in version with water and humidity protection

Programmable parameters: • type and number of cells (for Lipols) • brake yes / no (6 values of strengths) • acceleration – 6 values from 0,16 to 1,3 s • timing (automatic + 5 possibilities of setting 5 to 25°) • behavior when batteries low revolutions reduced / switch off • amount of residual energy / switching off voltage (10 values from 2,9V to 3,8 V per cell) • voltage of BEC 5V/ 6V • reversal of motor revolutions • type of interference masking

Ovládací okno v PC:

Type and version of controller are recognized automatically

Measured values area

Min. a max. throttle position – read out/ change of value

Setting of number of motor poles and gear ratio

Parameters read out from controller are displayed here + changes of parameters can be done here using mouse

Fast setting of default parameters

Shi

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oth

er p

aram

eter

s

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Data recording, data loading and programming with BB_03 module BB-03 brings a completely new solution for optimization and setting of the power units in your models. The complete instructions may be found in the manual to Black Box BB_03.

Only a brief overview to give an idea: When „Read data from Black Box“ button is pressed, data recorded in BB are being drawn as curves into graph. When the whole recording is read-out (here 52.5 seconds) - all data are displayed on screen. The scale is set automatically according to the biggest displayed value. It is possible to choose which curves (data) will be shown by clicking on the box next to its name [1]. It is also possible to only view selected curves. Also the color of any curve may be changed – move the cursor to the colored name of the curve [2], then right click and color toolbar will pop up. Now you may change the color.

The „ CONTROLLER “ window may be open in the full screen as is usual with in Windows. To zoom in, left click on the mouse and choose the area to zoom in by moving the mouse from the areas left upper corner to its right bottom corner. To move with the zoomed area hold the right mouse button. The button „Export data (*.xls)“ is used to export the data under any name together with note which may include important data of this recording (such as model, motor, throttle, ...) for easier orientation in measurement comparison. Data may be shown any time later using „Import data (*.xls)“ and choosing requested flight recording from the PC memory. The exported data (in excel format) may be processed in Excel (e.g. to create power consumption Pmot = Voltage x current), draw graphs, work with recordings, etc.

Z-series Controllers are made in the same types as EXPERT+ controllers (18A and higher). Mechanical and electrical parameters are the same as EXPERT+ controllers, programming is the same as EXPERT+, see on the page 16.

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Programmable brushless controllers EXPERT+ FAI and Z-series FAI

Outstanding controllers even for most demanding modelers for competition. Z-series controllers can also connection of the Black Box measuring unit may be connected to the controller and measure all important quantities during flight. Parameters may be optimized from the measured data. Programmable either by transmitter or PC or programming card UNICARD. Differences between FAI controllers and standard Expert+ and Z-series:

Parameter F: controller behavior when batteries are getting low: This parameter enables to set controller behavior at the moment when the voltage of battery gets on the discharging curve to the point where the controller starts to preserve residual energy for BEC. It is possible to set a continuous revolutions reduction or a jump cut off (with the possibility of new cut on after throttling to zero). Race Mode_1: current fuse off ! Race Mode_2: current fuse off and watch of cells voltage off ! Note: Warranty does not apply to a possible damage of controller when operating under these “race modes”.

Operating data:

Temperature of the environment: 0°C to 40°C Number of regulation steps: 1024 / full throttle Motor controlling: PWM 8 kHz Max. rpm for 2 poles motor: 170 000 rpm (Expert+) / 200 000 rpm (Z-series)

Control signal: positive pulses 1,5 ± 0,5 ms, period 10 ÷ 30 ms User set parameters: see programming MEGA BEC+: 5V or 6V / max. 4,0 A (power losses 5W continuous, 10W / 10 sec., 15W / 5 sec., max. 20W, see graph) Power supply: from batteries only: NiCd, NiMH, Li-Ion, Li-Pol

Suitable for motors: Mega AC, Model Motors, MP JET, PJS, Überall model, Hacker, Kontronik, LRK, Plettenberg, etc. for 2 to 20 pole motors of classical conception (rotor inside) and also for outrunners (rotor is

on the outer side). Cooling: for the best cooling of the controllers is possible add (from both sides) external heatsinks 50×31×5mm or 38×31×5 mm.

Thickness increase about 6 mm only, weight increase about 6 gr. [short], or 10 gr. [long heatsinks].

Standard version of ESC ESC with external heatsinks (38 mm)

Water proof: for better resistance for humidity or water is possible add water proof protective coating.

TMM® xxxx-3, FAI : 22412-3 22416-3

Dimensions [mm]: 50×31×19 50×31×19 Dimensions (with external capacitor) [mm]: 78×31×19 78×31×19 Weight incl. all conductors: 94 g 94 g Weight without power conductors: 63 g 63 g No. of feeding NiCd/NiMH cells: 6 – 12 7 – 16 No. of feeding Li-Ion / Li-Pol cells: 2 – 4 2 – 5 Max. current (for full throttle): 224 A 224 A Max. current for 5 sec.: 450 A *) 450 A *) On-state switch resistance at 25 °C: 2×0,20 mΩ 2×0,20 mΩ Model: MEGA BEC+ OPTO BEC voltage: 5V / 6V -- Power conductors 90 mm (120 mm for 4 mm2): 2×4 mm2 + 2×2,5 mm2 2×4 mm2 + 2×2,5 mm2 JR gold connector, cables: 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2

*) in the „Race mode“ Programming table:

*) maximal number of Lipol cells for a controller is given in technical specifications for each controller

Par am

Value of parameter 0 (= ENTER) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

A Mode choice next parameter „BASIC“ „AIRCRAFT“ mode - - - - - - - -

B Battery type*) next parameter NiCd, NiMH Li-xxx automatic / 2

Li-xxx 3 cells

Li-xxx 4 cells

Li-xxx 5 cells

Li-xxx 6 cells

Li-xxx 7 cells

Li-xxx 8 cells

Li-xxx 9 cells

Li-xxx 10 cells

C Brake next parameter Brake off light medium high hard very hard - - - -

D Acceleration (from 0 to 100%) next parameter 0,16 sec. 0,29 sec. 0,41 sec. 0,66 sec. 0,95 sec. 1,3 sec. - - - -

E Timing next parameter automatic 5° 10° 15° 20° 25° - - - -

F Behavior when battery low next parameter Slow reduce

rpm Motor cut off Race Mode_1

Race Mode_2 - - - - - -

G Residual energy for BEC next parameter Nixx: 0,80 V

Li-xxx: 2,90 V 0,84 V 3,00 V

0,88 V 3,10 V

0,92 V 3,20 V

0,96 V 3,30 V

1,00 V 3,40 V

1,04 V 3,50 V

1,08 V 3,60 V

1,12 V 3,70 V

1,16 V 3,80 V

H BEC voltage (only BEC versions) next parameter 5V 6V - - - - - - - -

I Reverse next parameter no yes - - - - - - - -

J Interference masking

End of programming yes no - - - - - - - -

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Right orientation

to USBCOM and PC

Connector ICS

TMM xxxx-3, EXPERT+

CC_02

Connection cable CC_02 or

UNICARD

Programmable brushless one way controllers Race Boat EXPERT+ and Race Boat Z-series (for race boats)

Outstanding controllers even for most demanding modelers. These controllers are water cooling and water proof

version in standard. Parameters may be optimized from the measured data. Programmable either by transmitter or or programming card UNICARD. For Z-series version is also possible cooperation with Black Box BB-03.

Controllers TMM® xxxx – 3, Race Boat EXPERT+ and Z-series are outstanding fully programmable controllers for brushless sensorless motors for race boats. They are manufactured with the use of surface mounting from very modern components. Controllers are ready for immediate use without programming. They may easily programmed when desired. When programming using PC it is necessary to use USBCOM or USBCOM+ module for connecting and a corresponding SW. Servocable is used for connection with USBCOM(+) .

The controllers EXPERT+ are connected to the USBCOM(+) module or to UNICARD using CC_02 cable which is plugged in a special ICS

connector which is a part of the controller. In such case it is not necessary to disconnect the controller from the receiver each time which makes the manipulation significantly easier.

After the run (Z-series only) the saved data are transferred to PC using USBCOM module where they can be evaluated. Data are presented in graphs as well as in excel format tables which may be further processed. For more information on connection of the controller to the BB_03, control, graph plotting etc see Manual for BB_03. Length of recording > 13 minutes.

Outstanding features of TMM® controllers Race Boat EXPERT+ or Z-series:

• ready to fly immediately, without programming (with Nixx cells) • water cooling ensures efficient cooling of the ESC without cooling airflow • water proof version increases safety in dump environment • great operation with all types of motors – outrunners as well as classic motors (rotor inside) • all parameters may be easily set (programmed)

- easily using transmitter without time limitations - very clearly and simply using PC - very easy with programming card UNICARD

• programming using ICS connector – no more programming using servocable and pulling it out from the receiver it

• possibility to read out important data measured during flight using PC (powerful tool for optimal power settings) • possibility of Black Box connection (only Z-series) • outstanding care and protection of Lipol/Lion cells (of extreme importance) as well as of NiCd/NiMH (the system eliminates

the impact of inner resistance of cells and amplitude of current on the switching voltage) • possibility to define residual energy for BEC (respectively switching off voltage) • outstanding interference masking and signal dropouts • extremely fine throttle step (1024 values) • soft start • motor as well as controller overheating protection • small dimensions and weight • extremely powerful BEC • possibility of setting BEC voltage 6V or 5V • safe controller switch on; prevents unexpected throttle start • signalization by diode and acoustically • extremely small inner resistance of controllers due to

using the best switching FET transistors • using 8kHz switching frequency with low inner resistance ensures very small losses in the controller • from 2 – 5 Lipol / 18A up to 224A, 8 Lipol / 160A and 10 Lipol / 120 A (20 types) • version with switch is available also

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Programmable parameters: • type and number of cells (for Lipols) • acceleration – 6 values from 0,16 to 1,3 s • timing (automatic + 5 possibilities of setting 5 to 25°) • amount of residual energy / switching off voltage (10 values from 2,9V to 3,8 V per cell) • voltage of BEC 5V/ 6V • reversal of motor revolutions • type of interference masking

Programming and connection to PC is the same as EXPERT+, see on the page 16. Meaning of each parameter:

Parameter A – mode: choice of modes (BASIC / AIRCRAFT) – BASIC: basic mode with default settings. Lipol cells are default settings! Enables the user to start flying

immediately. Brake must be set ON or OFF after each switch ON of the controller again. Only type and number of cells can be set permanently.

– BOAT: all parameters can be set by user. All parameters are permanently saved. After switch on the controller is immediately ready for use with the saved settings. Throttle must be in min position to start – a safety precaution to avoid unwanted start of motor. When change receiver (or transmitter), we recommended set min. and max. throttle position again (go to programming mode only, it is no need set other parameters). Some of receivers have no the same output pulse width for the same transmitter. When is pulse width for minimum throttle position higher, controller wait for min. throttle position (remember pulse width) and this value no coming. It is the same situation as you no move throttle stick to minimum position and controller wait and wait and wait.

Parameter B – battery: sets type of batteries – NiCd, NiMH or Li-Ion, Li-Pol (automatic number setting up to 5 cells) and number of Li-xxx cells directly. It is necessary to specify a type of cells to ensure correct behavior of controller and for reliable protection of battery. For Li-xxx cells it is also recommended set number of cells. You can choice automatic number setting – correct number setting is possible only for full or partial charge battery. For discharge battery is not possible automatic setting correct number of cells. For 2 Lipol cells set automatic setting.

Parameter C – brake: not used, ESC work without brake, parameter is automatically jumped

Parameter D – acceleration: Enables to set acceleration in 6 levels. Set according to your needs. The faster acceleration is set, the higher peak currents will occur at start – this may lead to a cut off by current fuse of the controller. These currents may reach up to 10 times of nominal current! Therefore set with consideration so the speed of reaction was high enough but not unreasonably fast for your model.

Parameter E – timing: here you may choose (and experiment with) 5 different timings. The sixth possibility is automatic timing which is strongly recommended because it ensures optimal setting and maximal efficiency. While using the definite values of timing and higher timing you may rise the motor revolution or the twisting moment a bit but always at the expense of lowering the efficiency. If you wish to have higher revolutions it is better to use different motor or more cells because lower efficiency cannot be made up for. High value of timing may in unsuitable combination with some motors damage the controller !

Motor with high inductance in rate to maximal current, for example AXI 4120, 4130, …, some “LRK” motors, lots of motors from CD ROMs, etc.) setup timing 5° or 10° or 15, automatic timing may not be optimal. The need of setting different timing can be easily recognized – motor looses synchronization for higher loads.

Parameter F : not used, ESC slow power reduce for empty battery, parameter is automatically jumped

Parameter G – Residual energy for BEC: this parameter sets the moment in which the revolutions will start to be reduced or cut off motor when battery are getting low. If this parameter is set appropriately, the start of motor revolutions reduction will be close to the point when batteries are almost discharged. It will set the amount of residual energy for BEC. This is very important for Lipol cells.

Parameter H – BEC voltage: enables to set voltage of BEC to standard 5V or to higher 6V. Higher voltage could be advantageous if you need higher power and speed of servos. This parameter is automatically jumped in OPTO versions (after „G“ parameter is programming directly „I“ parameter).

Parameter I – reverse: This parameter sets a reversed direction of motor rotation without the need of swapping any two wires to motor.

Parameter J: This parameter enables to set an optimal cooperation between receiver and controller when loss of signal interference masking occurs or when the signal from transmitter is noisy.

Many processor receivers take care of this problem themselves (not like analog receivers). Controller has also very powerful ability to suppress losses due to interference. The cooperation of these two parts (controller and receiver) then may not be optimal. In such cases set this parameter to “no”. The controller in this set up, has some of the masking algorithms suppressed and leaves the receiver to handle the situation – the cooperation of controller and receiver is than much better. When using analog receivers (and some digital ones) it is recommended to leave this parameter set to “yes”, then the controller takes care of masking the loss of signal and interferences completely by itself. If you are not sure how your receiver solves this problematic, try both settings and choose the better one.

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Basic parameters of Race Boat EXPERT+ and Race Boat Z-series controllers

TMM® xxxx-3 1812-3 2512-3 3312-3 4412-3

Ordering number Expert+: 23.01816 23.02516 23.03316 23.04416 Ordering number Z-series: 24.01816 24.02516 24.03316 24.04416

Dimensions [mm]: 28×25×11 28×25×11 36×28×11 36×28×11 Dimensions (with external capacitor) [mm]: 44×25×11 44×25×11 51×28×11 51×28×11 Weight incl. all conductors: 29 g 31 g 58 g 58 g Weight without power conductors: 22 g 22 g 20 g 20 g Power conductors cross section: 1,0 mm2 1,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 Length of Power conductors: 90 mm 90 mm 90 mm 90 mm JR gold connector, cables: 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2 Length of servocable: 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm

No. of feeding NiCd/NiMH cells: 6 – 12 6 – 12 6 – 12 6 – 12 No. of feeding Li-Ion / Li-Pol cells: 2 – 4 2 – 4 2 – 4 2 – 4 Max. current (for full throttle): 18 A 25 A 33 A 44 A Max. current for 5 sec. (peak): 23 A 30 A 40 A 55 A Number of regulation steps: 1023 1023 1023 1023 Switching frequency of motor control (PWM) : 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz On-state switch resistance at 25 °C : 2×3,7 mΩ 2×3,1 mΩ 2×2,9 mΩ 2×1,2 mΩ

type: MEGA BEC+ MEGA BEC+ MEGA BEC+ MEGA BEC+ BEC voltage: 5 / 6 V 5 / 6 V 5 / 6 V 5 / 6 V max. BEC current for 25 °C: 4A 4A 4A 4A

Programming with transmitter: + + + + Programming with computer (PC): + + + + Programming with card UNICARD: + + + + Data reading from controller: + + + + ICS connector: + + + +

Water Proof version in standard: + + + + Water cooling heat sinks in standard: + + + + Possibility of addition of switch: + + + +

Recommended use: Race boats models Note: weight of the controllers with switch is about 2 grams higher Note: Z-series controllers working with Black Box BB-03 also

Basic parameters of Race Boat EXPERT+ and Race Boat Z-series controllers

TMM® xxxx-3 6012-3 8012-3 6016-3 8016-3 12016-3 16016-3 22412-3 22416-3

Ordering number Expert+: 23.06012 23.08012 23.06016 23.08016 23.12016 23.16016 23.22412 23.22416 Ordering number Z-series: 24.06012 24.08012 24.06016 24.08016 24.12016 24.16016 24.22412 24.22416

Dimensions [mm]: 50×31×22 50×31×22 50×31×22 50×31×22 50×31×25 50×31×28 50×31×28 50×31×28 Dimensions (with external capacitor) [mm]: 62×31×22 62×31×22 65×31×22 65×31×22 65×31×25 65×31×28 65×31×28 65×31×28 Weight without power conductors: 65 g 67 g 65 g 67 g 77 g 85 g 88 g 88 g Weight incl. all conductors: 80 g 82 g 80 g 82 g 108 g 116 g 119 g 119 g Power conductors cross section: 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 4 mm2 *) 4 mm2 *) 4 mm2 *) 4 mm2 *)

Length of Power conductors: 90 mm 90 mm 90 mm 90 mm 120 mm 120 mm 120 mm 120 mm JR gold connector, cables: 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,15 mm2 Length of servocable: 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm

No. of feeding NiCd/NiMH cells: 6 – 12 6 – 12 7 – 16 7 – 16 7 – 16 7 – 16 6 – 12 7 – 16 No. of feeding Li-Ion / Li-Pol cells: 2 – 4 2 – 4 3 – 5 3 – 5 3 – 5 3 – 5 2 – 4 3 – 5 Max. current (for full throttle): 60 A 80 A 60 A 80 A 120 A 160 A 224 A 224 A Max. current for 5 sec. (peak): 70 A 100 A 70 A 100 A 150 A 200 A 260 A 260 A Number of regulation steps: 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 Switching frequency of motor control (PWM) : 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz On-state switch resistance at 25 °C: 2×1,0 mΩ 2×0,67 mΩ 2×1,0 mΩ 2×0,67 mΩ 2×0,44 mΩ 2×0,33 mΩ 2×0,20 mΩ 2×0,20 mΩ

type: MEGA BEC+ MEGA BEC+ MEGA BEC+ MEGA BEC+ OPTO OPTO MEGA BEC+ OPTO BEC voltage: 5 / 6 V 5 / 6 V 5V / 6V **) 5V / 6V **) -- -- 5 / 6 V -- max. BEC current for 25 °C: 4A 4A 4A 4A -- -- 4A --

Programming with transmitter: + + + + + + + + Programming with computer (PC): + + + + + + + + Programming with card UNICARD: + + + + + + + + Data reading from controller: + + + + + + + + ICS connector: + + + + + + + +

Water Proof version in standard: + + + + + + + + Water cooling heat sinks in standard: + + + + + + + + Possibility of addition of switch: + + + + + + + +

Recommended use: Race boats models

*) alternative 2×2,5 mm2 or 2×4,0 mm2

**) BEC voltage is automatically off for battery voltage higher then 17V (12 cells). You cannot take out the central core of the servo cable connector for disconnect BEC.

Note: weight of the controllers with switch is about 2 grams higher Note: Z-series controllers working with Black Box BB-03 also

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Programming table of the Race Boat EXPERT+ and Race Boat Z-series controllers

Parameter Value of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 parameter = ENTER

A Mode choice next parameter BASIC BOAT - - - - - - - -

B Battery type *) next parameter NiCd / NiMH 2×Lipol 3×Lipol 4×Lipol 5×Lipol 6×Lipol 7×Lipol 8×Lipol 9×Lipol 10×Lipol

Automat

D Acceleration next parameter 0,16s 0,29s 0,41s 0,66s 0,95s 1,3s - - - -

E Timing next parameter automatic 5° 10° 15° 20° 25° - - - -

G Behavior when next parameter Nixx = 0,80V 0,84V 0,88V 0,92V 0,96V 1,00V 1,04V 1,08V 1,12V 1,16V battery low Li-xxx =2,90V 3,00V 3,10V 3,20V 3,30V 3,40V 3,50V 3,60V 3,70V 3,80V

H BEC voltage next parameter 5V 6V - - - - - - - -

(BEC version only) I Reverse next parameter no yes - - - - - - - -

J Interference end of program. yes no - - - - - - - - masking

*) maximal number of Lipol cells for a controller is given in technical specifications for each controller

Note: In BASIC mode is possible program only battery type and number of the cells.

Basic parameters of Race Boat EXPERT+ and Race Boat Z-series controllers

TMM® xxxx-3 4024-3 8024-3 12024-3 16024-3 4032-3 6032-3 9032-3 12032-3

Ordering number Expert+: 23.04024 23.08024 23.12024 23.16024 23.04032 23.06032 23.09032 23.12032 Ordering number Z-series: 24.04024 24.08024 24.12024 24.16024 24.04032 24.06032 24.09032 24.12032

Dimensions [mm]: 50×31×19 50×31×22 50×31×25 50×31×28 50×31×22 50×31×22 50×31×25 50×31×28 Dimensions (with external capacitor) mm]: 80×31×19 80×31×22 80×31×25 80×31×28 80×31×22 80×31×22 80×31×25 80×31×28 Weight without power conductors: 62 g 70 g 80g 89 g 68 g 70 g 80 g 89 g Weight incl. all conductors: 76 g 85 g 111g 120 g 83 g 85 g 111 g 120 g Power conductors cross section: 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 4 mm2 *) 4 mm2 *) 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 4 mm2 *) 4 mm2 *) Length of Power conductors: 90 mm 90 mm 110 mm 110 mm 90 mm 90 mm 110 mm 110 mm JR gold connector, cables: 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 Length of servocable: 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm

No. of feeding NiCd/NiMH cells: 7 – 24 7 – 24 7 – 24 7 – 24 7 – 32 7 – 32 7 – 32 7 – 32 No. of feeding Li-Ion / Li-Pol cells: 3 – 8 3 – 8 3 – 8 3 – 8 3 – 10 3 – 10 3 – 10 3 – 10 Max. current (for full throttle): 40 A 80 A 120 A 160 A 40 A 60 A 90 A 120 A Max. current for 5 sec. (peak): 50 A 100 A 150 A 200 A 50 A 70 A 110 A 150 A Number of regulation steps: 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 Switching frequency of motor control (PWM) : 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz On-state switch resistance at 25 °C: 2×1,4 mΩ 2×0,7 mΩ 2×0,47 mΩ 2×0,35 mΩ 2×1,5 mΩ 2×1,0 mΩ 2×0,67 mΩ 2

type: OPTO OPTO OPTO OPTO OPTO OPTO OPTO OPTO BEC voltage: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- max. BEC current for 25 °C: -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Programming with transmitter: + + + + + + + + Programming with computer (PC): + + + + + + + + Programming with card UNICARD: + + + + + + + + Data reading from controller: + + + + + + + + ICS connector: + + + + + + + +

Water Proof version in standard: + + + + + + + + Water cooling heat sinks in standard: + + + + + + + + Possibility of addition of switch: + + + + + + + +

Recommended use: Race boats models

*) alternative 2×2,5 mm2 or 2×4,0 mm2

Note: weight of the controllers with switch is about 2 grams higher Note: Z-series controllers working with Black Box BB-03 also

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servoconector

LED on the back or in side

switch (s“ version only)

External LED beep

to electromotor

Programmable brushless controllers HELI (for helicopters)

Outstanding controllers even for most demanding modelers with governor mode. Programmable all parameters either by transmitter.

Outstanding features of TMM® HELI controllers (profi line):

• great operation with all types of motors – outrunners as well as classic motors (rotor inside) • all parameters may be easily set (programmed)

- easily using transmitter without time limitations • indication of battery getting low in advance by LED and beeper • outstanding care and protection of Lipol/Lion cells (of extreme importance) as well as of NiCd/NiMH (the system eliminates

the impact of inner resistance of cells and amplitude of current on the switching voltage) • outstanding interference masking and signal dropouts • extremely fine throttle step (1024 values) • Governor mode – constant rpm • Very easy setup of maxima revolution • autorotation • easy mode setup • soft start • small dimensions and weight • extremely powerful BEC • safe controller switch on; prevents unexpected throttle start • signalization by diode and acoustically • extremely small inner resistance of controllers due to using the best switching FET transistors

• using 8kHz switching frequency with low inner resistance ensures very small losses in the controller • version with switch is available also • construction enables use of external coolers for better heat dissipation for more powerful controllers • all versions manufactured also in version with water and humidity protection Programmable parameters: • governor mode yes/no • setting of max. revolution • type and number of cells (for Lipols) • timing (automatic + 5 possibilities of setting 5 to 25°) • acceleration – 6 values from 0,4 to 3,9 sec. • deceleration – 6 values from 0,6 to 3,9 sec and freewheel • signalization when batteries are getting low

ESC with external heat sinks

to electromotor

servoconector

- batt.

+ batt.

External LED

switch (s“ version only)

LED on the back or in side

Kontrol pulses (orange)+5 V for receiver and servos ground (minus), brown

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Controller may be operated in 2 different modes.

1) HELI 1 (NOT equipped with constant revolutions feature) In this mode, the controller does not hold constant revolutions of the motor – instead, it behaves like aircraft controllers with the exception of fuses and signalization, which are set differently to better suit helicopters’ needs. Motor together with controller behaves similarly to glue engine, also setting of transmitter is the same, which means that mix PITCH – THROTTLE (GAS) and their curves are set the same way as if flying with glue engine. Throttle (gas) channel must be assigned to controller (e.g. (CH1 for mc-16/20, CH6 for mc-22, CH3 for FC-18, FC-22 etc.). Throttle curve must be set so that changes in revolutions with change of load would be as small as possible. However, changes in revolutions (decrease) when drop in voltage occurs cannot be compensated in the manner described above.

2) HELI 2 (features constant revolutions, manual setting) Controller must be assigned to any available (unoccupied) channel (e.g. CH5 for mc-16/20, FC-18), which is not mixed with pitch. “Throttle” value control potentiometer, of that channel is used to easily set constant revolutions that you desire in the range 50 up to 100% of programmed maximum (according to the sound, or revolutions meter). Constant revolutions are indicated by external LED (continuous light). If you need to change revolutions, just set new desired revolutions using the volume control and the stabilization process will be repeated. It is quite similar to a cruise control in car. Before setting this mode, it is necessary to first “adapt” the controller to your set (transmitter, motor, batteries) – and set maxima rotor revolution, according to the “Revolutions programming”, see next section. To obtain smoother revolution setting, revolutions in the range of 50 to 100% of max are “spread” through the whole throttle range (outside the area of autorotation).

A great advantage of modes with constant revolutions is that revolutions of the motor (or Rotor) are held while change of load significantly better than it is possible to do so with throttle and pitch curves on transmitter, and constant revolutions are also held even when drop in voltage occurs

Current fuse is disabled in heli controllers. Thermal fuse only indicates overheating – motor revolutions are not reduced, nor switched off – it is necessary to land immediately. Circuits that watch the voltage of batteries also only activate indication of batteries getting discharged soon, motor revolutions are not reduced, nor is the motor switched off - it is necessary to land immediately.

Description of parameters in the programming mode:

Parameter A – mode choice: enables to choose mode (HELI1, HELI2, Revolutions setting)

Parameter B – deceleration: enables to set speed of motor revolutions reduction -7 different values or to set freewheel

Parameter C – acceleration: enables to set acceleration (acceleration speed of motor in normal operation) - 5 values. The slow acceleration after start (rotor is stopped) is deduced from the set value.

Parameter D – timing: here you may choose (and experiment with) 5 different timings. The sixth possibility is automatic timing which is strongly recommended because it ensures optimal setting and maximal efficiency. While using the definite values of timing and higher timing you may rise the motor revolution or the twisting moment a bit but always at the expense of lowering the efficiency. If you wish to have higher revolutions it is better to use different motor or more cells because lower efficiency cannot be made up for. High value of timing may in unsuitable combination with some motors damage the controller! Motor with high inductance (for example AXI 4120): setup timing 5° or 10°, automatic timing may not be optimal.

Parameter E: controller signalization when batteries are getting low: this parameter sets how long before the accu are discharged you will warned of this situation by controller signalization. Try and set the best time that would suit you and you set

Parameter F – battery: choice of the battery type, Nicd, NiMH or Li-Ion, Li-Pol

Throttle potentiometer

0 100%

Pitch-throttle stick

Nearly empty batterie = start of reduce

motor revolution (for heli is power reduce inactive)

U

≈ 4 V

time

Residual energy for BEC

5,5 V

Battery voltage

controller signalization when batteries are getting low, your choice of a point on the curve

-3% -12%

- 28 -

Programming table of the “HELI” controllers

Parameter Value of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 parameter = ENTER

A Mode choice next parameter default HELI 1 HELI 2 not use revolution. - - - - - governor. program. B Deceleration next parameter freewheel 0, 6s 1,0s 1,6s 2,1s 2,6s 3,1s 3,9s - -

C Acceleration next parameter 0,4s 0, 6s 1,0s 1,6s 2,1s 2,6s 3,1s 3,9s - -

D Timing next parameter automatic 5° 10° 15° 20° 25° - - - -

E signalization next parameter Nixx = 0,80V 0,84V 0,88V 0,92V 0,96V 1,00V 1,04V 1,08V 1,12V 1,16V [ V / cell ] Li-xxx =2,90V 3,00V 3,10V 3,20V 3,30V 3,40V 3,50V 3,60V 3,70V 3,80V

F Battery type *) end of program. NiCd / NiMH 1 - 2×Lipol 3×Lipol 4×Lipol 5×Lipol 6×Lipol 7×Lipol 8×Lipol 9×Lipol 10×Lipol

*) maximal number of Lipol cells for a controller is given in technical specifications for each controller

REVOLUTIONS PROGRAMMING – maximal revolution setup (for HELI 2 mode): Make sure that controller is assigned to a separate channel that is not mixed with anything else! Then Go through programming steps I, II and III – 5 (see previous page), that will get you to „revolutions programming section“ - external LED will blink 3 times. If you now move the throttle above the autorotation region, the controller will start to turn the motor slowly. Set requested revolution value by throttle moving up – it is recommend measure rotor rpm by revolution counter. When is set requested rpm, move throttle to minimal position. When the rotors are at standstill, turn the controller off, the programming is finished. (If necessary, you may stop the motor anytime during this procedure by dropping the throttle to zero – however, the “revolutions programming” will be aborted.) After switching the controller on again, it is possible to now fly in the Heli 2 mode. Remember, that right above the autorotation area there is a 50% of max revolutions – revolutions rise slowly to that range. The “revolution programming” must be done always when there is a change in motor, gear ratio, number of cells, set and always with a new controller. It is enough to program the HELI 2 mode just once, it is not necessary to program it after each programming of revolutions. Please do not mix up the “Revolutions programming“ with the change of revolutions by the throttle stick..

60%

70%

80%

90%

50% 0 (-100%)

100%

area

100% (+100%)

rpm

7.5 %(-85%)

Throttle position

Autorotation Stop

Aut

orot

atio

n

STO

P

Constant rpm area

50% (0%)

100% (2000 rpm)

50% (1000 rpm)

20%

40%

60%

80%

0% 0 (-100%)

100%

area

100% (+100%)

rpm

7.5 % (-85%)

Throttle position

Autorotation Stop

Aut

orot

atio

n

STO

P

50% (0%)

Requested revolution 72% (2000 rpm)

(2800 rpm)

Max. revolution, by virtue of motor and number of cells (supply voltage)

Maximal rotor revolution programming Flight in HELI 2 mode

31% (1000 rpm)

example ! Example !

- 29 -

TMM® xxxx-3 HELI: 1210-3 2512-3 4412-3 Ordering number

Dimensions [mm]: 25×22×6 28×25×6 36×28×6 Dimensions (with external capacitor) [mm]: 25×22×6 44×25×6 51×28×6 No. of feeding NiCd/NiMH cells: 6 až 10 6 až 12 6 až 12 No. of feeding Li-Ion / Li-Pol cells: 2 až 3 2 až 4 2 až 4 type: MEGA BEC MEGA BEC MEGA BEC BEC voltage: 5V 5V 5V max. BEC current for 25 °C: 4A 4A 4A Number of regulation steps: 1023 1023 1023 Switching frequency of motor control (PWM) : 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz Max. current (for full throttle): 12 A 25 A 44 A Max. current for 5 sec. (peak): 15 A 30 A 55 A On-state switch resistance at 25 °C: 2×6,3 mΩ 2×3,1 mΩ 2×1,2 mΩ Power conductors cross section (7 cm / 9 cm): 0,5 mm2 1,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 JR gold connector, cables: 0,15 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2 Weight incl. all conductors: 9 g 20 g 34 g Weight without power conductors: 6 g 10 g 18 g Current fuse of the controller + ACF - - - Automatic current reduce (ACR) + + + Intelligent power reduce for empty battery (IPR) - - - Thermal fuse of the controller + *) + *) + *) State indication LED LED LED+beep Constant revolution + + + *) only indication, no power reduce Note: weight of the controllers with switch is about 2 grams higher

TMM® xxxx-3 HELI: 6012-3 6016-3 8012-3 8016-3 4024-3 8024-3 6032-3 Ordering number

Dimensions [mm]: 50×31×14 50×31×14 50×31×14 50×31×14 50×31×13 50×31×13 50×31×13 Dimensions (with external capacitor) [mm]: 62×31×14 62×31×14 65×31×14 65×31×14 80×31×13 80×31×13 80×31×13 No. of feeding NiCd/NiMH cells: 6 až 12 7 až 16 6 až 12 7 až 16 7 až 24 7 až 24 7 až 32 No. of feeding Li-Ion / Li-Pol cells: 2 až 4 3 až 5 2 až 4 3 až 5 3 až 8 3 až 8 3 až 10 type: MEGA BEC OPTO BEC OPTO OPTO OPTO OPTO BEC voltage: 5V -- 5V -- -- -- -- max. BEC current for 25 °C: 4A -- 4A -- -- -- -- Number of regulation steps: 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 Switching frequency of motor control (PWM) : 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz Max. current (for full throttle): 60 A 60 A 80 A 80 A 50 A 50 A 60 A Max. current for 5 sec. (peak): 70 A 70 A 100 A 100 A 60 A 60 A 70 A On-state switch resistance at 25 °C: 2×1,0 mΩ 2×1,0 mΩ 2×0,67 mΩ 2×0,67 mΩ 2×1,05 mΩ 2×1,05 mΩ 2×1,0 mΩ Power conductors cross section (7 cm / 9 cm): 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 JR gold connector, cables: 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 Weight incl. all conductors: 55 g 55 g 57 g 57 g 53 g 60 g 60 g Weight without power conductors: 40 g 40 g 42 g 42 g 38 g 45 g 45 g Current fuse of the controller + ACF - - - - - - - Automatic current reduce (ACR) + + + + + + + Intelligent power reduce for empty battery (IPR) - - - - - - - Thermal fuse of the controller + *) + *) + *) + *) + *) + *) a+no *) State indication LED+beep LED+beep LED+beep LED+beep LED+beep LED+beep LED+beep Constant revolution + + + + + + + *) only indication, no power reduce Note: weight of the controllers with switch is about 2 grams higher

- 30 -

Braking lights BL_04A

ICS connector Braking lights BL_02A

Design „cube“ with additional heat sinks, (option HCS_01) for 60A ESC and more

Battery and motor connection using G3.5 connectors (option)

G3.5 connector plug

2.5 mm2 cable

G3.5 connector socket

+ battery

– battery

to motor

– marking on capacitors

Forward/Backward Programmable controllers CAR / BOAT Outstanding controllers even for most demanding modelers. Is possible one way or both way working. Programmable all parameters either by transmitter.

Controllers TMM® xxxx – 3, car - boat are outstanding programmable controllers for brushless sensorless motors (BLCD motors). They are manufactured with the use of surface mounting from high-end components and are controlled by a very powerful processor. Controllers are ready for immediate use, no programming necessary, however programming is recommended. However, if you wish to set some parameters you may do so through a very simple process. These parameters are then saved permanently. The revolution regulation is extremely fine - 1024 steps all the way to the full throttle. The Mega BEC+ circuit (applies to versions with BEC) is also extremely powerful.

Thanks to the high-tech TMM® technology of MGM compro controllers feature number of outstanding properties which considerably eliminate the possibility of unwanted damage or destroy of motor, the batteries and the controller itself. Controllers also ensure the maximal efficiency with different kinds of motors.

Controllers feature very soft start, proportional brake, electronic freewheel, and many other outstanding qualities. In the "car" mode brake lights may be automatically switched on during braking. The car does not start to run backwards after braking but rather after stopping and moving throttle stick to neutral - meaning that the car is under user’s control at all times. The controllers are designed for 6 up to 10 (reps. 16) cells. In the "boat" mode it is possible to continuously change the direction towards or backwards at a chosen speed.

Outstanding features of TMM® controllers CAR / BOAT (profi line):

• great operation with all types of motors – outrunners as well as classic motors (rotor inside) • all parameters may be easily set (programmed)

- easily using transmitter without time limitations • Braking lights connect by ICS connector • outstanding care and protection of Lipol/Lion cells (of extreme importance) as well as of NiCd/NiMH (the system eliminates

the impact of inner resistance of cells and amplitude of current on the switching voltage) • outstanding interference masking and signal dropouts • extremely fine throttle step (1024 values) • soft start • o motor as well as controller overheating protection • proportional brake • automatic brake in neutral • ABS simulation • Electronic freewheel • Race mode • small dimensions and weight • extremely powerful BEC • safe controller switch on; prevents unexpected throttle start • signalization by diode and acoustically

Standard design

- 31 -

• extremely small inner resistance of controllers due to - using the best switching FET transistors - using PCB with many layer of Cooper

• sp using 8kHz switching frequency with low inner resistance ensures very small losses in the controller • version with switch is available also • construction enables use of external coolers for better heat dissipation for more powerful controllers (CUBE version) • all versions manufactured also in version with water and humidity protection Programmable parameters: • car / boat • one way or forward/backward running • automatic tuning • type and number of cells (for Lipols) • timing (automatic + 5 possibilities of setting 5 to 25°) • brake yes / no (6 values of strengths) • automatic brake in neutral no/yes (8 values) • acceleration – 6 values from 0,13 to 3.0 sec. • deceleration - 6 values from 0,13 to 3.0 sec. – for boats only • race mode – no fuse activated • range of neutral zone (8 values) • electronic freewheel: on / off

Description of parameters in the programming mode:

Parameter A – mode choice: “CAR” mode for cars, “BOAT” mode for boats, „Automatic Tuning Settings“ for automatic controller optimization for a specific car). In this version it is possible forward / backward setup or one way setup also.

CAR mode forward / backward [A1]: If the car is at standstill, then by moving the throttle from neutral the car will go backward or forwards. If the car is moving then by moving the throttle backwards the car will brake. The brake is proportional, that means the further the throttle is from neural the more intensive the brake is. The intensity of braking in the max throttle position may be set in parameter “B”. When braking the car will stop, and not start moving backwards until you move the throttle to neutral and then again backwards. Connected braking lights are turned on when braking.

BOAT mode forward / backward [A2]: in this mode the parameter „B“sets the speed in which the motor revolutions are reduced from maximum to the full stop. The direction of motor revolutions is reversed immediately upon moving the throttle the opposite way. The speed of slowing down and starting up is set in parameters „B“ and „C“.

One way setup [A3, A4]: when you move throttle from neutral to back position, motor is only braking, no go to reverse of rotation. Automatic Tuning Setting [A5]: this specialized mode serves for automatic controller performance optimization for your car. It is

recommended to carry out during the first ride and after any change in the car (different motor, number of cells, type of cells…). After the „settings“ ride which is done immediately after programming (no switch off controller !!!) into mode „Automatic Tuning Settings“ the controller automatically goes back to earlier setting (CAR mode forward / backward or one way). This „settings“ ride is done with all the earlier set parameters. During this ride, the car must go on full throttle at least for a while, the best is form the beginning – then the optimized setting is used even for this ride. „Automatic Tuning Setting“ is not obligatory, the car will run, however, the parameter B, I and J will not be optimized before you go on the full throttle.

Parameter B – brake: CAR mode: enables to set 5 grades of intensity of proportional brake in the max. throttle position. Set according to your needs. If you need automatic brake in neutral position of throttle, set parameter „J“. For its optimal performance it is recommended to run Automatic Tuning setting, mode A5.

– deceleration: BOAT mode: enables to set the speed of deceleration in 5 grades, Set according to your needs.

Parameter C – acceleration: enables to set acceleration (acceleration speed of motor) in 5 steps. Set according to your needs.

Parameter D – timing: here you may choose (and experiment with) 5 different timings. The sixth possibility is automatic timing which is strongly recommended because it ensures optimal setting and maximal efficiency. While using the definite values of timing and higher timing you may rise the motor revolution or the twisting moment a bit but always at the expense of lowering the efficiency. If you wish to have higher revolutions it is better to use different motor or more cells because lower efficiency cannot be made up for. High value of timing may in unsuitable combination with some motors damage the controller!

Motor with high inductance: setup timing 5° or 10°, automatic timing cannot be optimal.

Parameter E – controller behavior when batteries are getting low: This parameters sets the controllers behavior at moment when the voltage on discharging curve of batteries gets to the point when controller starts to preserve the remaining energy for BEC. You may set continuous motor revolutions reduction or an immediate cut off (with the possibility of start when you lower the throttle to neutral). This depends on pilots customs. Both behaviors are quite alike regarding the residual energy.

Race mode: In race mode, the motor will be stopped when voltage of batteries drops below 5V, number of cells, their condition or current is not taken into consideration. After throttling down to neutral, the operation may be resumed. This mode is quite harsh on accumulators, particularly for those with more cells !!! Current fuse is disabled (that means it does not check maximal current !!!), the thermal fuse is set to 105°C. Warranty does not apply to a possible damage of controller when operating under this mode.

Parameter F – battery: choice of the battery type, NiCd, NiMH or Li-Ion, Li-Pol

Parameter G – range of the neutral zone: There exists a zone evaluated by the controller as „the neutral“. Here the motor is not fed, the brakes are or are not applied automatically, in case of an overcharge normal operating mode is resumed. This parameter may be changed according to your needs and requirements in the extent of ca 3 up to 20% of the full deflection of the throttle stick. The zone which is too narrow may be not evaluated reliably and the one which is too wide narrows the zone of step less control.

Parameter H – automatic correction of the neutral after each switching-on: If this parameter is not switched on, the position of the neutral is evaluated exactly according to the setup within the scope of basic programming. If this parameter is switched on, the correction to the throttle stick current neutral position is carried out after each controller switch-on. It can be used in such cases as are those when you easily (and unintentionally) move the trim thus changing the centre of the neutral. There is no need to carry out the basic programming again - upon the following switch-on of the controller the position of the neutral is set automatically. When switching the controller on, pay heed to the following - the transmitter must already be switched on and the throttle stick moved to the neutral position.

Parameter I – Freewheel: Operation without the switched on freewheel can be compared to a common car with an engaged gear. If you throttle down, the car gets braked to the value of a throttle stick new position. If you quickly move the throttle stick to the neutral position, the car finishes running due to inertia as if you were driving a common car without the engaged gear. If the freewheel is switched on, the motor gets disconnected (and does not brake) on each quicker dropping the throttle to a lower value (of course incl. the neutral); the motor gets disconnected until the car due to inertia slows down to the speed corresponding to the throttle stick new position. Then the motor gets fed again. Actually it is an electronic analogy of mechanical freewheels. The electronic analogy directly affects the motor and thus all driven axles. Operation with a switched on freewheel is suitable for roads and races, while with a switched off freewheel it is suitable for off-road (in the „car“ mode only). For its optimal performance it is recommended to run Automatic Tuning setting, mode A5. (This parameter is set only in mode „CAR“)

- 32 -

max. thr

ottle

backw

ards

When running forwards:

speeding up and

slowing down zoneWhen running forwards:

progresive braking

zone

here the brake

LEDilluminates

neutral

max. throttle

forwards

For running backwards everything is exactly opposite

Parameter J – automatic brake in neutral: Braking intensity in the neutral position is set in 7 steps - automatic brake for cars. It is similar to braking with the use of a motor in the real car. You can OFF this brake also. For its optimal performance it is recommended to run Automatic Tuning setting, mode A5. (This parameter is set only in mode „CAR“)

Note: Set on your transmitter the biggest possible size of deflections, the control will be finer. If you do not wish to use a full performance of the motor (in some direction), reduce the size of deflections (only after programming !!) on your transmitter; as a result, max. motor revolutions will be not achieved even if the throttle stick is moved into a full deflection position. Programming table:

0

Operation without the freewheel

20 %

Movement of the throttle stick Car speed

0

100 %

20 %

Unbraked car speed

time time

Motor performance Motor performancemotor disconnected

Operation with the freewheel

100 %

100%

forward backward NEUTRAL Full throttle Full throttle

20%

40%

60%

80%

Range of the neutral zone

Para- meter Value of parameter 0

(direct ENTER) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A Mode choice next parameter „CAR“ mode ↔ forward / backward

„BOAT“ mode ↔ forward / backward

„CAR“ mode → one way

„BOAT“ mode → one way

Automatic Tuning - - -

Brake (car) Light Medium High Hard Very hard - - - B

Deceleration (boat) next parameter

0,13 sec. 0,26 sec. 0,39 sec. 0,65 sec. 1,3 sec. 1,8 sec. 2,3 sec. 3,0 sec.

C Acceleration (from 0 to 100%) next parameter 0,13 sec. 0,26 sec. 0,39 sec. 0,65 sec. 1,3 sec. 1,8 sec. 2,3 sec. 3,0 sec.

D Timing next parameter automatic 5° 10° 15° 20° 25° - -

E Behavior when battery voltage going down next parameter Slow reduce rpm Motor cut off RACE MODE - - - - -

F Battery type *) next parameter NiCd, NiMH Li-Ion, Li-Pol 2 cells

Li-xxx 3 cells

Li-xxx 4 cells

Li-xxx 5 cells

Li-xxx 6 cells

Li-xxx 7 cells

Li-xxx 8 cells

G Range of the neutral zone next parameter 3% 6% 9% 12% 15% 18% 21% 24%

H Automatic correction of the neutral after …. next parameter NO YES - - - - - -

I Freewheel next parameter NO YES - - - - - -

J Automatic brake in neutral End of programming NO Very Light Light Medium 1 Medium 2 High Hard Very

Hard

Notice: Default setting is bold. *) maximal number of Lipol cells for a controller is given in technical specifications for each controller

- 33 -

Basic parameters of CAR / BOAT controllers

TMM® xxxx-3 CAR / BOAT 1812-3 2512-3 4412-3 6012-3 8012-3 12012-3 16012-3 12016-3 16024-3

Ordering number

Dimensions [mm]: 25×23×6 28×25×6 36×28×6 50×31×14 50×31×14 50×31×17 50×31×20 50×31×20 50×31×20 Dimensions (with external capacitor) [mm]: 25×23×6 44×25×6 51×28×6 62×31×14 62×31×14 65×31×17 65×31×20 65×31×17 65×31×20 Weight without power conductors: 10 g 10 g 18 g 40 g 42 g 52 g 60 g 60 g 64 g Weight incl. all conductors: 19 g 19 g 32 g 55 g 57 g 83 g 91 g 91 g 95 g Power conductors cross section: 0,5 mm2 1,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 2,5 mm2 4 mm2 *) 4 mm2 *) 4 mm2 *) 4 mm2 *)

Length of Power conductors: 70 mm 90 mm 90 mm 90 mm 90 mm 90 mm 90 mm 90 mm 90 mm JR gold connector, cables: 0,15 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,25 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 0,15 mm2 Length of servocable: 170 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm 190 mm

No. of feeding NiCd/NiMH cells: 6 – 12 6 – 12 6 – 12 6 – 12 6 – 12 6 – 12 6 – 12 7 – 16 7 – 24 No. of feeding Li-Ion / Li-Pol cells: 2 – 3 2 – 4 2 – 4 2 – 4 2 – 4 2 – 4 2 – 4 3 – 5 3 – 8 Max. current (for full throttle) 12 A 25 A 44 A 60 A 80 A 120 A 160 A 120 A 160 A Max. current for 5 sec. (peak): 15 A 30 A 55 A 70 A 100 A 150 A 200 A 150 A 200 A Number of regulation steps:: 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 1023 Switching frequency of motor control (PWM) : 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz 8 kHz On-state switch resistance at 25 °C: 2×3,7 mΩ 2×3,1 mΩ 2×1,2 mΩ 2×1,0 mΩ 2×0,67 mΩ 2×0,44 mΩ 2×0,33 mΩ 2×0,44 mΩ 2×0,35 mΩ

type: BEC+ BEC+ BEC+ BEC+ BEC+ BEC+ BEC+ BEC+**) OPTO BEC voltage: 5 V 5 V 5 V 5 V 5 V 5 V 5 V 5 V -- max. BEC current for 25 °C: 4A 4A 4A 4A 4A 4A 4A 4A --

Programming with transmitter: + + + + + + + + + Programming with computer (PC): - - - - - - - - - Data reading from controller: - - - - - - - - -

Recommended use: Cars and boats

Note: weight of the controllers with switch is about 2 grams higher

*) alternative 2×2,5 mm2 or 2×4,0 mm2

**) BEC voltage is automatically off for battery voltage higher then 17V (12 cells). You cannot take out the central core of the servo cable connector for disconnect BEC.

- 34 -

Electronics for models a modelers ACCUSW 2, ACUSW 3, ACCUSW 4

To make flying with models using glue engines and / or electric motors (aircrafts, helicopters) more reliable MGM compro designed these switches. These switches are used for automatic switch-over of dead master receiver batteries to the spare ones. They are not suitable for switching over traction batteries in electro models.

The switch, using two LEDs, indicates from which batteries the energy is being drawn - the green LED illuminates during normal operation from master batteries, the red LED illuminates after switch-over to the spare batteries. All types are processor controlled.

ACCUSW 2 and ACCUSW 3 are simple models. ACCUSW 4 is sophisticated model. It is able to analyze the condition of batteries even better and informs the pilot about switch-over to the

spare batteries not only by LED but also acoustically. In case that both, master receiver batteries and spare ones, are discharged ACCUSW 4 is able to connect them both together to keep the needed energy for receiver and servos. Pilot is informed of this situation acoustically as well. ACCUSW 4 also enables to test the condition even with load before actual flight (the assistance of the pilot is essential), and also warns of a bad pack condition.

Then, it is obvious after landing that master battery is discharged and has to be charged. Spare batteries may have less capacity than master accumulators; both batteries must have the same number of cells. What is of great importance is the increased safety of model operation, which is particularly desirable when operating bigger models. Eventual switch failure nowise affects its functioning. Switching on is done by switching off the switch, which is not in the way of the feeding current.

Suitable type is given by the current needed and your demands. For smaller currents are designed type 2, which use servo cable 0,25 mm2 as interconnection. Types 3 and 4 are suitable for bigger currents using silicon cables 1 mm2 as interconnection.

The switches are manufactured using the technique of surface mounting. This method ensures increased reliability and small dimensions and weight. Encasing is carried out in a transparent shrinking sleeve.

ACCUSW 2 Processor controlled switch emergency batteries for models Number of NiCd / NiMh feeding cells (No 404): 4 to 5 Max. current: 6 A / 10 A peak On-state switch resistance at 25 °C and 5V: 0,020 Ω Switching voltage for 4 cells: ≈3,80 V Switching voltage for 5 cells: ≈4,25 V JR servoconnector, servocable 0,25 mm2 Dimensions: 23 × 27 × 6 mm Total weight with all cables: 9 g Recommended use: For switching receiver batteries (master emergency) for aircraft and helicopter models

Non connected To receiver and servos +

To receiver and servos –

+ Main battery

– Main battery

– Emergency battery

+ Emergency battery

Servocable – supply of the receiver and servos

ACCUSW 2 (ver. 4) (Bottom view, LED side)

Main battery 4 or 5× NiCd/NiMH

switch ON OFF

Green LED

Emergency battery 4 or 5×NiCd/NiMH

choice 4 or 5 cells

choice 4 or 5 cells

Red LED

Power supply of receiver and servos

From master battery

From emergency battery 4 or 5 cells choice

- 35 -

ACCUSW 3 Processor controlled switch emergency batteries for models Number of NiCd / NiMh feeding cells (No 404): 4 to 5 Max. current: 6 A / 10 A peak On-state switch resistance at 25 °C and 5V: 0,013 Ω Switching voltage for 4 cells: ≈3,80 V Switching voltage for 5 cells: ≈4,25 V Silicon power cables 1,0 mm2 Dimensions: 23 × 27 × 6 mm Total weight with all cables: 9 g Recommended use: For switching receiver batteries (master emergency) for aircraft and helicopter models

ACCUSW 4

Processor controlled switch emergency batteries for models Number of NiCd / NiMh feeding cells (No 403): 4 to 5 Max. current: 10 A / 20 A peak On-state switch resistance at 25 °C and 5V: 0,013 Ω Switching voltage for 4 cells: ≈3,80 V Switching voltage for 5 cells: ≈4,25 V Silicon power cables 1,0 mm2 Indication: 2×LED + acoustic beeper Dimensions: 23 × 27 × 6 mm Total weight with all cables: 16 g Recommended use: For switching receiver batteries (master emergency) for aircraft and helicopter models with glue engines Notice:

After switching on, ACCUSW 4 enables to test the condition of accumulators. It warns then of defective, low or discharged accumulators. In case that batteries are in a very bad condition or if very low batteries (considering load) are used, it will not turn the transmitter, servos etc. on and will not allow to take off. However, you do not have to run the test.

When the master batteries are dead the green LED turns off, red LED is turned on and acoustic signal informs pilot that energy is being drawn from spare accumulators. If the spare batteries get low ACCUSW 4 will connect both batteries together and acoustic signalization will become even more intensive – it is strongly recommended to land as fast as possible.

Power supply of receiver and servos From master battery

From emergency battery

Acoustic indication - beeper

Power supply of receiver and servos

From emergency battery

From master battery

4 or 5 cells choice

4 or 5 cells choice

- 36 -

Communication module USBCOM+ (version 2.xx)

These modules are designed for communication of controllers MGM compro and some other devices (such as chargers, etc), with PC equipped with Operating systems Windows 2000 and Windows XP.

USBCOM+ module connect controllers „expert LT“, „EXPERT“, „EXPERT+“, „Z-series“, measuring unit „Black Box“ and also chargers AQCB xFC and Lipol balancers BLCR xFC. Installation: Module USBCOM+ is installed automatically when is installed program „Controller_v1.2.2.xx_setup.exe“ (or newest version) for controllers and Black Box or when is installed program „Charmon_v1.0.0.xx_setup.exe“ (or newest version) for balancers and chargers driving. Programs and manuals are on the enclosed CD or download it from www.mgm-compro.com . Follow the instructions in manual "Automatic_Installation_of_Controller_application" and/or "Automatic_Installation_of Charge Monitor_applicationf"

49 mm

USB port PC

~140 cm

Standard port

Quick port

Quick port

- 37 -

to USBCOM and PC or

UNICARD

TMM xxxx-3, EXPERT

programming couplers

communication connectorr

bottom side of card "B"

pins

top side of card "A"

indication LED

tags for different types of the controllers

Right orientation

to USBCOM and PC

Connector ICS

TMM xxxx-3, EXPERT+, Z-series

CC_02

Connection cable CC_02 or

UNICARD

Programming card UNICARD Is designed for very simple and comfortable programming of all of newer controllers MGM compro.

Simply insert the tag corresponding to the controller you wish to program in to the specified areas (see fig. below) on top and bottom of the programming card. Then connect UNICARD with the controller so that servocable of the controller is connected to communication connector of UNICARD or connect ICS connector of the controller with the communication connector of UNICARD using CC_02 cable. This is much more simple as it is not necessary to disconnect servocable from receiver. Using included programming coupler connect pins on the side A and also on the side B corresponding with parameters witch you wish to set. When you torn the controller on automatically communication between controller and UNICARD will run and set parameters are saved to the controller setting. Now, it is possible to disconnect the UNICARD.

The best possibility of connection controllers Expert+ and Z-series using ICS connector to UNICARD:

- 38 -

BB_03 unit

CC_01

CC_02

Mea

surin

g

ext. temperature

to „marking“ receiver channel

ext. voltage

to USBCOM

Controller TMM xxxx-3, Z-series

30 mm

Current sensing „+“

Current sensing „–“

Whole device < 6 grams

Data and power supply

Communication with PC

MC_04

Black Box BB_03 (with controllers Z-series, ver. 5.40 and more)

Measuring recorder Black Box BB_03 is an outstanding and unique system which is priceless and irreplaceable for optimal setting of your power unit and for an overall optimal drive setting (including batteries, controller, motor and propeller).

BB_03 cooperates very closely with the TMM xxxx-3 Z-series controllers from which it obtains whole range of measured data. Part of the measured data is acquired using its own measuring unit. Thanks to this cooperation BB_03 is very small, light (< 6 grams) and also cheap.

It measures and saves all important data of your drive (batteries – controller – motor – propeller) during flight, thus real values in operation, not static values measured on a test bench. This allows the user not only to optimize the power unit but also to determine mutual dependencies such as dependence of current on propeller, efficiency of drive on propeller, efficiency of timing, real power consumption of the drive, power consumption depending on type of cells (their hardness), etc.

It is a powerful device for determining the real load of BEC during operation of the model ( it is the end of absurd evaluations with 300% error leading to destruction of BEC or the model).

After the flight the saved data are transferred to PC using USBCOM module, where they can be evaluated. Data are represented in graphs, as well as in excel tables which may be further processed. BB_03 together with TMM xxxx-3, Z-series controllers measures and saves (and display on the PC) each 100 ms these values:

• voltage of feeding battery under load (in current pulses) • current drawn from the feeding battery • motor input • voltage of BEC • current of BEC • BEC power losses • motor / propeller revolutions • throttle stick position • temperature of the controller • temperature of batteries, motor, …(external sensor) • any receiver channel ( or event marking), start of saving data • external voltage (0 up to +5V) with an additional resistor 24kΩ, voltage +25V with different resistor or more (it can be used for altimeter,

speedometer, etc.)

Other features: • accidental overwriting of saved data protection • length of recording more than 13 minutes • very small and light • fed from controller • communication with PC using USBCOM module

Measurement of the following data are carried out by the controller, the other ones are measured by BB_03 itself and all data are processed in BB_03:

− voltage of feeding battery under load (in current pulses) − voltage of BEC − current of BEC − motor revolutions − throttle stick position − temperature of the controller

The BB_03 is connected with the controller using multicore cable CC_01 with micro connectors. The cable provides the BB-03 feeding, as well as communication between BB-03 and the controller. The measuring and data saving process’ start when the motor starts to rotate after switch on or when marking signal > 1,65 ms. If you do not wish to use the marking feature, connect this measuring wire with ground (minus pole of the feeding cells). It is also possible to use this wire for tracking and recording of any receiver channel.

The current of the feeding batteries is taken on the resistor of the ground wire of the controller. This measuring method, even though less accurate than the use of accurate sensing resistor, is not only cheaper, but more significantly it does not bring any additional (unwanted) resistor in the circuit. Another great advantage is that the value of the measured current is not limited (e.g. by the sensing resistor, its allowed load, ADC range, etc.) thus it is possible to measure current of 250A or even more. The package of BB-03 includes:

• The measuring unit BB_03 • Connection cable controller – BB (CC_01) • Cable for connection to USBCOM, USBCOM+ (CC_02) • Measuring cable includes:

- External temperature sensor - External voltage conductor - Marking conductor - Conductors of batteries current sense

• External resistor 24kΩ for extending the measuring range of “Ext. Voltage” • SW for PC on CD • Instructions for connecting and use of BB_03 on CD • Instructions for installation and use of SW for PC on CD

BB 03

IndicationLED

- 39 -

Technical data BB_03:

dimensions: 30 × 26 × 4 mm weight: 3,3 grams weight with connection cables and sensors (flying weight): < 6 grams current drawn during measuring and saving: ≈ 15 mA operation temperature: 0 to 40°C

resolution: 8 up to 16 bits (depend on measured parameter) length of recording >13 minutes saving period: 100 ms (10 / sec.) measurement start: „throttle“ > 1/3 (motor start up) or marking > 1,65 ms fed from and cooperation with: controllers of the range „Z-series“ Po vyčtení dat z regulátoru (programem „Controller“) máme k dispozici naměřené údaje jednak ve formě grafů, které lze dále upravovat, studovat (blíže viz manuál, přesahuje rozsah tohoto katalogu) a zkoumat, jednak je lze uložit ve formě excelovské tabulky, což umožní prakticky libovolné zpracování dat. Data read-out and processing from BB_03 (example)

The „ CONTROLLER “ window may be open in the full screen as is usual with in Windows (click on ).

To zoom in, left click on the mouse and choose the area to zoom in by moving the mouse from the areas left upper corner to its right bottom corner. To move with the zoomed area hold the right mouse button.

- 40 -

Chargers AQC range

AQC 4F: This small, efficient and comfortable charger is designed for quick and extra quick charging of NiCd, NiMH (1 to 10

cells) and Li-Ion,l Li-Pol (1 to 4 cells) accumulators. It is also equipped with voltage converter. The demanded function, number and type of cells is easily set using keypad in clearly organized menu on display. The chosen data are displayed:

a) supplied charge b) instantaneous charging current c) voltage of the batteries that are being charged d) cell’s temperature

The charging current is automatically set according to the features of the battery that is being charged. However, you may limit the charging current by setting its maximal value. For quick set-up you may use one of 10 user-defined modes. The end of the charging process is indicated not only on display but by beeping as well.

These chargers are completely processor-controlled. Thanks to a very modern charging algorithm and evaluation of charging conditions the cells are very quickly charged by currents of intensity that reaches up to 10 C (ten times the amount of nominal capacity) without warming up. Charging with the use of such heavy currents is also conditioned (except for the method) by measurement of the cell temperature. Chargers also monitor the condition of the primary battery and once its voltage drops under the stated minimum, the chargers stop further exhaustion of the accumulator. Chargers do not have a built-in discharger.

After switching-on, the whole course of charging is carried out entirely automatically without interference of the operator and is indicated not only by the three-color LED and acoustically as well. The end of charging is indicated both optically and acoustically. The same applies to error conditions (low voltage of the primary accumulator, defective cell of the battery being charged, wrong number of cells etc).

The chargers are manufactured (except for output elements) using the technique of surface mounting which ensures their small size. The assembly is embedded in a small plastic box. The ends of outlets to the supply battery 12V are furnished with standard alligator clips, the outlets to the charged battery lead to sockets. It is necessary to made a counter piece of the connector you are using on your accumulators. It is not recommended to use the car battery to feed the charger while the motor is running.

The most widespread quick-charging method is probably the one using constant current for charging; and stopping the charging

process at the point when drop in voltage occurs (-ΔU, minus delta peak ). This simple method is used by a whole range of professionally manufactured chargers. Wide range of specialized integrated circuits which make it relatively easy to build chargers (pulse or linear) based on this method, is available for both, professional and amateur constructions. The method can easily be carried out, and therefore is also cheap. However, it also has its weaker spots. The most significant weaknesses are overcharging and overheating the cells, together with rising the inner pressure in the cells. This often results in shortening the cells service life. Customary chargers also usually demand the user to set the charging current which is not optimal at all, because user cannot determine the charging current in any other way than, for example, according to the cells capacity, and not taking the different features of cells into consideration.

In the time between the inflex point is passed and until switching off at -ΔU (marked as “T” in the graph shown below) is reached, the battery does not receive any more charge (or if it does, only a very little charge). Most of the received energy is only converted to heat and the inner pressure rises as well. If a charger ends charging process using this method (-ΔU) and if it displays the amount of supplied charge in mAh (or in Ah) it is important to say that the data are a bit incorrect because they include energy which is uselessly transformed into heat and pressure at the stage mentioned above.

AQC (Advanced Quick Charging) method of the MGM compro company is different. At the beginning of the charging process, the charger tests the cells and according to their condition, type and quality, automatically sets the optimal initial charging current. The current is usually about 10C (but varies - for bad cells it may be only 5C, for excellent cells 15C), that means for good cells (e.g. 330mAh) the initial charging current will be 3.3 A. Using large currents for charging has its significant advantages –on one hand it is shorter charging period and on the other the better ability of cells to supply loads with bigger currents. The cells condition and their temperature, is monitored throughout the whole charging process, as well as cells ability to receive charge is analyzed. Instantaneous charging current adjusts to this ability. The charging process is finished when the cells voltage reaches the inflex point (see graph). This results in not overcharging the cells, not overheating them and not rising inner pressure, which is a great advantage. Also the charging period is shortened, apart from shortening the period by using big charging currents, of time “T”.

For NiMH cells the similar applies, only the drop in voltage -ΔU is smaller or none so that the usual method of evaluation fails sometimes and therefore it is better to evaluate a zero voltage increase. However, The AQC method evaluates the end of charging in the area of inflex point reliably also for NiMH cells. The temperature of NiMH cells rises faster and more than that of NiCd cells and is higher for the whole charging period, concerning usual methods, and the AQC method as well.

The AQC chargers (Automatic quick charger) of course are based on the AQC charging method. When using this extremely quick

charging method it is necessary to know the temperature of cells throughout the whole charging process and therefore are chargers equipped with temperature sensor. It is advised to connect the temperature sensor to the cells every time you charge them, because then you can even charge NiCd cells which are warmed up through operation, without cooling them before. (Generally, it is recommended to cool NiMH cells before charging). In an error case, charger will stop the charging process at the point when the cells temperature reaches above ca 45°C. This condition does not occur when using good cells. The charging period can be slightly shortened by cooling (using ventilator). Chargers work in pulse mode.

Charging current 1 to 4C

T

Inflexní point

Stopping charging

Cell temperature

Charging current 5 to 15C

Time in minute

Cell voltage

Internal pressure of the cell

5 10 15 20

AQC charging method of the MGM compro company, + stopping charging on the inflex point

Cell temperature

Cell voltage

- ΔU

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Stopping charging

Standard quick charging: constant current, + stopping charging on minus delta peak

Inflex point

Time in minute

Internal pressure of the cell

- 41 -

AQC 04 / AQC 4F Charger for 1 to 10 NiCd, NiMH cells / 1 to 4 Li-Ion, Li-Pol cells

Primary power supply: car battery 12V / 36 Ah min. proper mains adapter ≈230V =13,5V / 15 A Number of charging cells: 1 to 10 NiCd / NiMH, 1 to 4 Li-Ion / Li-Pol Max. charging current AQC 4F: 7,5A Type of charging cells: NiCd / NiMH / Li-Ion / Li-Pol (max. voltage for Li-xxx cells) 4,1V / 4,2V Charging termination: automatic Nominal capacity of charging cells (AQC 4F): 150 mAh to 3,9 Ah (Lipol without limits) Adjust of charging current: fully automatic (you may limit the charging current) Setting number and type of cells: keypad + display Indication of the state of charging: display + acoustic Indication of the error states: display + acoustic Displayed data : supplied charge instantaneous charging current voltage of the batteries that are being charged cell’s temperature error messages

Dimensions: 90 × 65 × 40 mm Total weight with all cables: 240 g Temperature of the environment: 0 to 40°C Recommended use: For charging batteries in models cars, ships, aircrafts etc. AQC 4F: include reversing of polarity fuse

- 42 -

END / Error indication

cell indication

Modeindication

Current indication

battery -

service connector

battery +PC connection(via USBCOM)

mode selection Lipol / Li-Ion current setup

12V feeding(11V - 15V)

AQCB – 4FC

Balancing charger for Lipol / Li-Ion cells AQCB – 4FC (Version 3.20 and more) Processor controlled charges with embedded balancer AQCB – 4FC are designed for safe, quick and easy charging and at the same time balancing of Lipol and Li-Ion cells, include Li-Ion cells “A123 system” (charging voltage 3.6V).

Even though very small in dimensions, AQCB – 4FC with all its features and power is an outstanding high-tech MGM compro® charger for charging 1 to 4 Lipol / Li-Ion cells. Charging current may be as high as 5A. Current is set manually using switches. Number of cells is automatically detected with the service connector. Balancing process starts shortly after the chargers is turned on. Crucial advantage of such balancer conception (compared to voltage limiters) is that cells are actively balanced and are not unbalanced after charging which may easily happen with voltage limiters (often also called balancers). The possibility of balancing cells even when charging finished early is advantageous (charged to e.g. 70% and you need to go flying immediately). Another significant advantage is possibility of charging cells with higher currents than balancer may balance. Advantages of real balancers compared to voltage limiters are described in detail in „Not all balancers are balancers“ on www.mgm-compro.com.

It is possible to charge cells even without the service connector – in this case of course charger does not balance the cells. In this case, you also should check number of cells.

Built-in fan is turned on automatically if the temperature inside the charger exceeds a set limit. All states of the charger are indicated using color LED and a beeper. Charger can be connected to PC using USBCOM+ communication module and CC_03 cable (these are not included in AQCB – 4FC package) so that actual currents, voltage of cells, received charge both numerically and in graphs. All the data may be saved for later evaluation. Charger is feed from a car 12V battery or a means well 12 – 15V / 10A (source must be able to work with pulse load).

Charger also features shortcut protection and reversal of polarity protection.

Charger may work in 4 modes: a) standard Lipol – charging Lipol on 4.20 V (default setting) b) long life Lipol – charging Lipol on 4.15 V c) standard Li-Ion – charging Li-Ion on 4.10 V d) A123 system – charging Li-Ion on 3.60 V

Mode is easily set using jumper (Lipol / Li-Ion) and in addition to standard charging it also enables experimenting. Kokam states significantly higher number of cycles (in thousands) for a shorter charging/discharging cycle to 80% in range of 4.15 V – 3.40 V when discharging with 1C currents. It can be supposed that increase of cycles can also apply to higher currents, even though thousands of cycles will not be a case here.

On feeding wires of the charger solder connectors or crocodile clips depending on which supply you are using for charging. Red wire is +12V, black is minus. Make charging cables – connectors on one end will be the same as those on your battery pack, on the other end will be connectors G3.5 (Schulze or equivalent) for connection to the charger (it is also possible to order these cables – see accessories). If you wish to use the embedded balancer, which is strongly recommended, the battery must be furnished with service connectors „SCA_3“ up to „SCA_5“ - for pin orientation see page 4. You can use prolonged service cable. When you have battery pack with another service connector then MGM compro (SCA_3 up to SCA_5), you can make strapping cable very easy through use the set „SET_06“. If you wish to charge Li-Ion cells first set the desired mode (Lipol cells are chosen default) – see next page. The chosen mode is indicated by blue LED during the whole time.

.

- 43 -

Technical data AQCB – 4FC:

Temperature of environment: 0°C up to 40°C Input voltage of charger: Battery 12V or power supply 13,8V (12 – 15V) / 10A *) Number of charged cells: 1 – 4 Type of charged cells: Lipol / Li-Ion / A123 Minimal charging current: 0.1A Maximal charging current: 5A Current setting step: 100 mA Charging method: constant current / constant voltage, pulse operation Balancing method: real balancer, balancing during whole charging process Balancing (service) connector: JST, orientation of pins MGM compro Accuracy of balancing (typically): ± 10 mV End of charging: automatically on 1/16 of set current / manually anytime Balancing state indication: intensity of light of LED State and error state indication: LED and/or BEEP Connection to PC: using CC_03 cable, USBCOM+ and program „Charge Monitor“ Weight: 120 g Dimensions: 90×68×30 mm

*) Note : we don’t recommend 12V power supply from PC

How to set the charging current:

Desired current is set by the „current setup“ switch. Each switch corresponds to a current (0,1A / 0,2A / ….. / 3,2A). Charging current given by addition of all currents in active positions. Active position of the switch is the upper one. The current is set before connecting the batteries to charger – later changes do not change the charging current. When setting the charging current follow the reccomendations of the Li-Ion or Lipol cells !

The smallest current is 0.1 A. Biggest current is 5.A (if higher current is set it will be limited to 5.0A) Example: You wish to set the charging current at 3.5A:

(move the following switches to upper position 0.1 + 0.2 + 3.2 = 3.5A)

Connecting to PC:

In the upper positron the switch is active and the current is counted to the final charging current

0.1

A

0.2

A

0.4

A

0.8

A

1.6

A

3.2

A

ON

1 2 3 4 65

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100%0

4,2

4,0

3,8

3,6

3,4

3,2

1C

0,8C

0,6C

0,4C

0,2C

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

Charging time [%]

Cel

l vol

tage

[V]

Cur

rent

[C

]

Cha

rge

[%]

Constant current area Constant voltage area

Cell

Cell charge

Lipol Battery charging

End of charging: current < 1/16

Charging current

1/8 Iset

Continuously shines in constant current area

0,11,2 sec.

90

Blinking of LED

1,2 sec.0,1Last few % of Charge

Yellow LED

Charging battery

AQCB 4FC

+

–

ICS

to PC (USB port)

For communication with PC connect to ICS connector

Connecting cable CC_03

Supply 12V

Service connector

Ver. 2.10 and more

- 44 -

Charging with connected PC:

1) turn the charger on by connecting it to supply (jumper „Lipol / Li-Ion“ is pulled out) 2) Set the required current on „current setup“ switch 3) Connect the service connector to the charger (if you charge using service connector) 4) Connect AQCB to PC using CC_03 cable and USBCOM+ module and run „Charge Monitor“ application 5) Connect the charging battery pack by cables into socket connectors G3.5 in charger – this starts charging – on the connected PC you may

monitor actual voltage of all cells, whole voltage, charging current and supplied charge – in numeric form and id graphs 6) Continue as in the above cases

Graph is drawn in real time. It may be maximized anytime, as well as zoomed in any chosen area with accuracy of units of mV. Also actual values of voltages of each cell, overall voltage of the battery, currents and supplied charge, input voltage is displayed under the graph. For more details on controlling the application see “Charge Monitor control” An example of intentionally unbalanced 3 cell pack of 1200 mA charged by 1.6 A is shown in the figures. It is obvious that the charger balances the cells in the first few minutes of the charging process and then the balanced cells are being charged together. This means that even if you finish charging early the cells will already be balanced in most cases.

The end voltage of the charge was in this case set to 4.15 V / cell, that is mode: b) long life Lipol Cells are balanced with tolerance of 6mV!!! it is possible to check with quality voltmeter on the cells

The charging process was automatically finished when current reached 114 mA.

Supplied charge 1.275 Ah some of the charge is “lost” due to balancing”.

- 45 -

ESC – 240 – 13,5

Switching power supply 16A for chargers

Input voltage : ~ 230V (88 to 132VAC / 176 to 264VAC) Output voltage: =13,5V (trim by screwdriver 12V to 15V) Output current: 16A Output nodes: standard 4 mm (on the back side) Over pole protection. Automatic cooling.

Dimension : 150 × 140 × 86 mm Weight: 1,5 kg

- 46 -

Lipol Balancers - THE DIFFERENCES Principally, there are two types of Lipol Balancers. I. simple types that as a matter of fact do not balance but only limit the voltage at its maximal allowed value (e.g. 4.25V / cell) or at a value set by trimmer II. processor controlled balancers that actually balance the voltage of all cells during the whole charging time.

Balancers – type I These balancers are cheap and rather then charging without any balancer it is better to use them, however they do have several limitations and drawbacks. The main point is that this type of balancers is in fact a voltage limiter only and it does not really balance cells. Nevertheless, they do prevent overcharging of cells which is also very important for Lipol cells.

The situation depicted on the figure below is very typical for this type of balancers: - cell n.1 was more discharged ( e.g. because its capacity is lower than capacity of the other two cells) and therefore has lower voltage in the

beginning of charging - the voltage of each cell rises during charging about the same (even when using quality and precise charger) therefore if the cell n. 1 is fully charged

the other two cells will be overcharged. - the voltage of cells that had higher voltage at the beginning of charging rises to 4.25 V faster (the overall voltage of the charger is just below 12.6V) - the balancers n. 2 and n. 3 start to limit the voltage at 4.25V for cells n.2 and n.3 - charger reached the maximal overall voltage for 3 cells (12.6V) and starts to limit the current - the voltage of cell n. 1 is now only 4.10 V and it will stay till the end of charging ( the difference of cells is 150mV !!! )

When cells are charged as explained above, cell n. 1 is not fully charged and during discharging it will again be the first to be discharged. If it is not possible to set higher switch off voltage on the controller and cells are fully discharged (that is to the switching voltage of the controller – here 9V) the cell n.1 will be in any case undercharged (and that quite significantly) and the cell will be gradually damaged during next cycles till it’s destroy.

The described situation would be far worse for pulsed chargers. This type of balancers does not always support all pulsed chargers. To slightly improve the situation it is possible to set the limiting voltage to lower value (e.g. 4.23V) but it is necessary to have a reserve over overall voltage of charger because if the limiting voltage would be the same (or lower) as the max voltage of cells from the charger the charge would not be able to stop charging because current would be constantly going through balancer !

Mechanical trimming part is one of the problematic issues of this type of balancers. If the setting is not done by manufacturer without variable setting parts, a rotating resistive trimmer is used. These however have limited temperature and time stability. It is often enough only to slightly touch the trimmer (applies also to multiturn trimmer) and the set value is changed. Balancers – type II

These real balancers are more expensive than balancer of type I however; they do actually actively balance the voltage of each cell on the same value and that during the whole charging process (e.g. balancers BLCR 4, or 4F, 4FC or 5FC, for more information www.mgm-compro.com ). These balancers are processor controlled. The accuracy of measurement is set during calibration process in manufacture. The calibration values are saved in the processor memory and do not change (they are not object to changes of environment). These balancers inform when voltage of any cell is out the allowed limits (cells discharged under 3V), they also inform acoustically when voltage of any cell rises above 4.25V (too high charging current is set compared to the maximal compensating current, the condition of discharge and the condition of misbalance of cells) and also when voltage of all cells rises above 4.25V (defective or incorrectly set charger). These balancers also ensure that cells are balanced and the voltage of cells is typically ± 10 mV even if the charger is set to lower voltage (e.g. 4.17V / cell) or even if the charger has not reached the maximal voltage. Balancers of this type may be operated with direct-current chargers as well as pulse chargers. Thanks to the feature that they balance the cells from the very beginning of charging process, they have longer time to balance the cell and thus the charging current may be several times higher than the compensating current (as opposed to type I ). Before the cells are fully charged, it is possible to slow down charging of cells with higher voltage with lower balancing currents so that voltage of all cells is accurately balanced.

n. 3

Lipol battery

U over.

(GND) „ground“, minus pole

Charging current

12.500 V

4.170 V

4.170 V

4.160 V

Charger Balancer BLCR 4 BLCR 4F

n. 2

n. 1

Balancing current for different voltages of the cells

Lipol battery

U over.

(GND) „ground“, minus pole

Charging current Balancer n. 3, max.

voltage 4.25V

12.600 V

4.250 V

4.250 V

4.100 V

Charger

Limiting current for voltage ≥ 4.25V

n. 3

n. 2

n. 1

Balancer n. 2, max. voltage 4.25V

Balancer n. 1, max. voltage 4.25V

- 47 -

END / Error indication

cells indication

service connectorfor 2 - 4 cells

Balancers for Lipol/Lion packs BLCR xxx

are designed for quality, reliable and easy balancing of 2 up to 15 cells in battery packs (Lipol / Li-Ion / Li-Ion A123 sytems). They may be used with chargers based on both – direct current and also pulse charging currents. They are processor

controlled and are calibrated in manufacture therefore need no additional setting using trimmers etc. Cells are balanced shortly after connecting the balancer to the cells. Great advantage of this approach compared to "voltage limiters” is that cells may be balance if charging is finished early (e.g. cells are charged to 70% and you need to start flying immediately). Another big advantage is the possibility to charge cells with currents much higher than currents which balancer can balance. The main advantage however is that the cells are truly balanced which cannot be ensured by "voltage limiters” in principal. Thanks to processor, balancers identify defective, damaged or undercharged cells and inform the user of such situation acoustically and by LED. If voltage of one or all connected cells exceeds (from any reason, defective or incorrectly set charger, too high charging currents etc) 4.25V/cell or other (user set) voltage, balancer will not allow another increase of voltage and informs of this acoustically and by LED. In this case it is also possible to make use of automatic disconnection of charger and thus save cells from destroy.

BLCR 5FC balancers work not only with chargers for Lipol cells, but also with sources of constant current. However, the use of constant current source is an emergency solution (low charging currents) it is applicable. Outstanding features of BLCR xxx:

a) compared to regular “balancers – voltage limiters” which do not truly balance but only limit the voltage on maximal value (e.g. 4.25V) BLCR 5FC truly and actively balance during the whole charging

b) no settings needed, high occuracy is ensured by calibration during manufacture c) celll are balanced with occuracy in mV (less than 10mV) d) thanks to processor, it recognizes defective, damaged and undercharged cells, informs of error and emergency states e) permanent balancing from the very start of connection (also partially charged cells can be already balanced) f) may be used with all types of Lipol chargers (direct current as well as pulse) and current sources g) possibility of serial connection of balancers (using CM-3 module) and possibility to balance up to 15 Lipol cells (some

types) h) possibility of automatic disconnection when maximal set voltages are exceeded (from any reasons) – only BLCR 5FC ch) high balancing currents i) charging currents may be several times higher that balancing currents of balancer (applies for Li-xxx chargers not for sources of

current!) j) reverse polarity protection k) small dimensions and weight l) non-interchangeable industrial connectors PSC_5 and PSC_6 (for connection on service connectors SCA_3 and SCA_6 used for

battery packs)

Basic Technical data of balancers BLCR - xxx:

Temperature of environment: 0°C up to 40°C Type of allowed chargers: direct current / pulse charging currents Balancing method: real balancing immediately after connected Indication of balancing process: intensity of the LED light Indication of state and errors: LED and/or BEEP Fun ON / OFF: automatically, depend on internal temperature

BLCR – 4 BLCR – 4F BLCR – 4FC BLCR – 5FC

Dimensions [mm]: 90×68×18 90×68×30 90×68×30 90×68×30 Weight: 50 g 72 g 72 g 80 g Number of balancing Li-Ion / Li-Pol cells: 2 – 4 2 – 4 2 – 4 2 – 5 Max. balancing current (short time): 0,65 A (1,2A) 2 A (3A) 2 A (3A) 2 A (3A) Max. charging current (it depend on the cells also): up to ~2,6 A up to ~8 A up to ~8 A up to ~8 A Balancing accuracy (typically): ± 6 mV ± 6 mV ± 6 mV ± 6 mV Accuracy of balancing with balancers connected together (typical): – – ± 12 mV ± 12 mV serial connection of balancers: no no yes (max. 3) yes (max. 3) number of all balanced Li-Ion / Li-Pol cells: 4 4 12 15 Signalization for overcharging: yes yes yes yes Disconnect battery for overcharging: no no no yes Setup of max. voltage limit (4 modes): no no no yes

max. current of disconnection circuit (between connectors "charg” and “batt ”): – – – 8A / 22mΩ maximal voltage setting: 4,20V / 4,25V 4,20V / 4,25V 4,20V / 4,25V 3,65V / 4,15V / 4,20V / 4,25V type of balancing cells: Lipol/ Li-Ion Lipol/ Li-Ion Lipol/ Li-Ion Lipol/ Li-Ion / A123 balancer connection to PC (via USBCOM+): – – + + mutual connection of balancers (for > 4 (5 )cells in pack.): – – + +

Balancery BLCR 4 / BLCR 4F

Processor controlled Balancers BLCR 4/BLCR 4F are designed for reliable and easy balancing of Lipol/ Li-ion cells in battery packs. Difference between both types are in maximal balancing current and BLCR 4 have not fun.

Battery pack that should be balanced must be equipped with a service connector “SCA_3” up to „SCA_5“ . If your battery pack is equipped with different than MGM compro service connector, make a reducing part, for example from “SET_06”.

- 48 -

END / Error indication

cells indication

service connectorfor 2 - 4 cells

Communication connector for CM-3 module

acoustical indication

LED_1LED_2

LED_3LED_4

Modul CM-3 (not include)

connectors G 3.5 forcharger disconnect

END / Error indication

cells indication

mode indication

cable to battery +cable to charger +

service connectorfor 2 - 4 cells

service connectorfor 5 cells

Communication connector for CM-3 module

mode choice

Modul CM-3 (not include)

Balancers for Lipol/Lion packs BLCR 4FC (Version 1.40 and higher) Processor Balancers BLCR 4CF are designed for quality, reliable and easy balancing of 2 up to 12 Lipol / Li-Ion cells in battery packs.

Battery pack that should be balanced must be equipped with a service connector “SCA_3” up to “SCA_5”, (battery pack with service connector may be ordered already completed or each part separately and soldered to any battery pack by yourself). If your battery pack is equipped with different than MGM compro service connector, make a reducing part, for example from “SET_06” (see page 4 of this manual). If you wish to charge and balance more than 4 cells in serial it is necessary to use more BLCR 4FC balancers (also possible to combine with BLCR 5FC) and a connection module CM-3. Balancers are connected to CM-3 using CC_05 cables (cables and module CM-3 is not a part of the package). Connection to PC is done using CC_03 cable connected to module CM-3 and USBCOM+ (USBCOM+ version 2.11 and higher) If you wish to connect only one balancer to PC (without CM-3 module) use the balancer and USBCOM+ and CC_04 cable.

Balancers for Lipol/Lion packs BLCR 5FC (Version 2.50 and higher)

designed for quality, reliable and easy balancing of 2 up to 15 cells in battery packs (Lipol / Li-Ion / Li-Ion A123 sytems). If voltage of one or all connected cells exceeds (from any reason, defective or incorrectly set charger, too high charging

currents etc) 4.25V/cell or other (user set) voltage, balancer will not allow another increase of voltage and informs of this acoustically and by LED. In this case it is also possible to make use of automatic disconnection of charger and thus save cells from destroy.

BLCR 5FC balancers work not only with chargers for Lipol cells, but also with sources of constant current. However, the use of constant current source is an emergency solution (low charging currents) it is applicable.

Balancery can working with 4 modes: a) standard Lipol (default) – charging Lipol to 4.20 V (ensured by charger) / safety switch off on 4.25 V b) constant current Lipol – charging Lipol to 4.18 V (ensured by charger) / safety switch off on 4.20 V c) standard Li-Ion – charging Li-Ion to 4.10 V (ensured by charger) / safety switch off on 4.15 V d) Li-Ion „A123 systems“ – charging Li-Ion to 3.60 V (ensured by charger) / safety switch off on 3.65 V

Battery pack that should be balanced must be equipped with a service connector “SCA_3” up to “SCA_6”, (battery pack with service connector may be ordered already completed or each part separately and soldered to any battery pack by yourself). If your battery pack is equipped with different than MGM compro service connector, make a reducing part, for example from “SET_06” (see page 5 of this manual). If you wish to charge and balance more than 5 cells in serial it is necessary to use more BLCR 5FC balancers (also possible to combine with BLCR 4FC) and a connection module CM-3. Balancers are connected to CM-3 using CC_05 cables (cables and module CM-3 is not a part of the package). Connection to PC is done using CC_03 cable connected to module CM-3 and USBCOM+ (USBCOM+ version 2.12 and higher) If you wish to connect only one balancer to PC (without CM-3 module) use the balancer and USBCOM+ and CC_04 cable. .

- 49 -

Balancing more than 5 cell (up to 15 cells) – connecting balancers in serial, connection to PC also:

Automatic safety disconnection of

If you wish to use the Function "automatic safety disconnection of cells" from the charger in case of its failure or incorrect setting, it is necessary to connect disconnecting contact of the balancer between the charger and the charged cell – see figure below. Balancer is thus able to disconnect the plus pole of the charged battery from the charger. When using this function it is necessary to first connect the cells to the balancer (balancers) and only then start charging (balancer without feeding is not able to transmit charging current through the disconnecting contact).

For this function it is necessary to use balancer connected to cells that are connected with the "+” pole of the whole battery (highest voltage). Balancer is connected with its „+ batt.“ and „+ charg.“ connectors between charger and charged cells and when the voltage on cell sis increased above allowed limit (from any reason) it disconnects the charger and thus saves the cells from overcharging. Balancer indicates the disconnection by LED and beeper.

Be careful when connecting the charger and cell to these connectors. Connector „+ batt.“ must be connected to „+ pole of the charged cells“, connector „+ charg.“ to „+ pole of the charger“ ! It is not allowed to interchange connectors „+ batt.“ and „+ charg.“. If they are interchanged, charger will not be disconnected.

Service connectors of the accupack must be divided between the cells so that at least 2 cells are connected to each balancer. If you have cells 2S up to 4S use service connector SCA 3, 4 or 5 and a 5pin connector on the balancer; if you have 5 cells (5S) use connector SCA 6 (on the figure) and 6 pin connector in balancer. Balancer that is connected to the "– “ pole of the battery (No.1) must be connected using cable CC_05 to the "MASTER” position in the CM-3 module and must be connected to the battery using service connector SCA_5 (no.1) as first one ! Then, balancers No. 2 possibly No. 3 are connected to the service connectors of other cells.

!!! If balancers BLCR 5FC are combined with BLCR 4FC, BLCR 5FC must be always used as MASTER (No.1). Balancers BLCR 4FC do not enable setting of different modes, and thus also on BLCR 5FC mode a) standard Lipol must be set !!!

Balancers No. 2 and No. 3 (SLAVE) automatically take setting of balancer No. 1 (MASTER) !!! applies only for BLCR 5FC.

BLCR 5FC

Power cable with connector for charger connection

BLCR 5FC

BLCR 5FC

No. 1

No. 2

No. 3 CC_05

CC_05

CC_05

CC_03

CM - 3 MASTER

2 3

USB

CO

M

„–“ battery pole

„+“ battery pole

Charging current

to PC to USB port

service connector SCA_6

432

JST

56

cell 1 cell 2 cell 3 cell 4 cell 5

service connector SCA_6

432

JST

56

cell 6 cell 7 cell 8 cell 9 cell 10

service connector SCA_6

432

JST

56

cell 11 cell 12 cell 13 cell 14 cell 15

ver. 2.12

To charger

BLCR 5FC

No. 3+ batt.

+ charg.

CC_05CC_04 or without connection

Charging current (max. 8A) Battery disconnector„+“ battery pole

„+“ charger pole

service connector SCA_6

432

JST

56

cell 11 cell 12 cell 13 cell 14 cell 15

- 50 -

CC_05 or CC_04 connection here

Example of balancing 12 Lipol cells, whole and detail. Charge slightly overcharges because a bit higher overall voltage 50.6 V was set (that is 4.215 V / cell). It is obvious that voltage of each cell is balanced in tolerance of ±6 mV and that from approximately 15th minute of charging. Then already balanced cells are charged.

When cells are charged and balancer is disconnected a notice "balancing interrupted ….” appears. Charging history and graphs may be saved to file.

Example of charging set: charging of „SC K2000 / 3s“ cells with service connector with charger „AQC 4F“ + balancer „BLCR 4“

(charging current 3.96A, 2C, cells are not too different, small voltage different between cells, balancing current needed is low – LED of the second cell is light only a little)

Voltage of cells connecting to balancer No 1.

Voltage of cells connecting to balancer No 2.

Voltage of cells connecting to balancer No 3.

Detail of choice area

Disbalanced cells

6 mV

In this point are all cells very good balanced – in 6 mV tolerances.

- 51 -

Examples of pieced on connector to servocable of your battery pack

SET 06 - Pin Changer „Pin Changer“ SET_06 is designed for creating an adapter unit between Lipol packs (up to 5 cells or up to 15 cells) with any service connector and the JST connector (5 or 6 pins) which is used in MGM Compro chargers (AQCB 4FC) and balancers (BLCR 4, BLCR 4F, BLCR 4FC, BLCR 5FC). The next page shows how to connect cells into connector on the balancer or charger side. How to connect the service connector of your pack is either obvious or stated in the instructions for use of your pack. Producers use different types of connectors and different connections. Complete the module so that the common minus pole on connector to balancer (charger) corresponds to common minus pole on your pack, “+” of the first cell on connector to balancer corresponds to “+” of the first cell on your pack. Wires (by contacts side) are placed in housing (the balancer / charger side) and soldered on the other side on the pcb (printed circuit board) to the corresponding soldering pad. Use only quality soft solder etc, never use acid. It is recommend isolate pcb after soldering. Example 1: Kokam /3S pack with Kokam service connector. It is JST 4 pin connector with different orientation than MGM compro. The use of “common minus” is logical as most devices are fed by the "positive" voltage against ground (minus pole) which is common for several different sources. Nevertheless the problem may be viewed from the other side - that means to have “common +” (same example as above) it is only a question of

view.

To the charger or balancer (MGM compro)

common „–“ „+“ 1st cell „+“ 2 nd cell „+“ 3 rd cell

Pin 4, „+“ 1st cellPin 3, „+“ 2 nd cell

Pin 5, common „–“

Pin 2, „+“ 3 rd cellPin 1, free position

JST connector – reeds facing down

Bottom view on the connector

Contains of the set

pcb

Soldering pads for cables

Soldering pads for connectors

ConnectorsConnector’s „housing“

Reeds

Cables contacts

Extension 5 pin service cable PSCA_05 (pins are 1:1) can also be made using this set

Isolation of pcb

Pin 4, „+“ 1st cell Pin 3, „+“ 2 nd cell

Pin 5, common „–“

Pin 2, „+“ 3 rd cell

JST connector – reeds facing up

Pin 1, „+“ 4 th cell

Pin 4, „+“ 1st cell Pin 3, „+“ 2 nd cell

Pin 5, common „–“

Pin 2, „+“ 3 rd cell Pin 1, „+“ 4 th cell

„–“ 3 rd cell „–“ 2 nd cell „–“ 1st cell

Common „+“

Pin 4, „+“ 1st cellPin 3, „+“ 2 nd cell

Pin 5, common „–“

Pin 2, „+“ 3 rd cellPin 1, free position

JST connector – reeds facing down

Bottom view on the connector To the charger or balancer

(MGM compro)

- 52 -

Connection module CM-3

Connection cables CHC 18, 25 or 35 with MP JET connectors 1.8 mm, 2.5 or 3.5 mm (for automatic battery disconnect)

SET_02: cable 1,5 mm2 + connectors G3.5 + shrinking tube

Service connector SCA_2, SCA_3, SCA_4, SCA_5and SCA_6 with wires 100mm or 300 mm (SCA_5 on picture) Extension 5 pins service cable PSCA_05 and 6 pins PSCA_06

(5-pins PSCA_05 on picture )

Connection cable CC_03: connection Charger / USBCOM+

Connection cable CC_05: connection balancer / module CM-3

Communication module USBCOM+

Connection cable CC_04: direct connection balancer / USBCOM+

quick channel

slow channel

quick channel

Example 2: cell in “3S” pack from other producers and different service connector. It is a 5 pin connector, different type and orientation than MGM compro or

Kokam.

Balancers and Chargers Accessories

Connectors G3.5 – 2pcs

Connectors MP JET 1.8, 2.5 or 3.5 mm - pair

BA

L

CC

_ 04

CC

_ 05

CC

_ 03

common „–“

„+“ 1st cell „+“ 2 nd cell „+“ 3 rd cell

free position Pin 4, „+“ 1st cellPin 3, „+“ 2 nd cel

Pin 5 common „–“

Pin 2, „+“ 3 rd cellPin 1, free position

JST connector – reeds facing down

To the charger or balancer (MGM compro)

Bottom view on the connector

- 53 -

GND, „ground“, minus pole

Recommended circuit: Service connector – detail SCA_5, ord. number No.2505

Service connector (header) for PCB PSC_5, ordering number No. 2500

Cell 1

Cell 2

Cell 3

Cell 4

Power conductors with connectors – to chargers

2345

1

CC

_01

MC

_04

CC

_05

CC

_03

CC

_04

BLC

Rx

USB

CO

M+

quic

k lin

e

BLC

R_x

xx

USB

CO

M

CC

_02

Kone

ktor

IC

S re

gulá

toru

NIC

ARD

Service connectors

Service connector is a specialized non-interchangeable type (it is not possible to reverse polarity) with a mechanical lock against an unwanted rip out. A highly endurable industrial kinds of wires (endurable against heat and mechanical destructions) are used to connect witch the service connector.

This connector can be used for battery balancing (with balancer circuit, for example BLCR 4, page 60 or for separate charging of each cell). Each contact is dimension for current max. 3A.

You can buy simple service connector or with battery pack. – for 2S pack: wire 1, 2 and 3 are connected (SCA_3) – for 3S pack: wire 1, 2, 3 and 4 are connected (SCA_4) – for 4S pack: wire 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are connected (SCA_5) – for 5S pack: wire 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are connected (SCA_6)

You can buy service connector header (PSC_5) for PCB also.

Connection Cables MGM compro - overview:

CC_01: BB_03 - controller (connection Black Box to ICS connector of Z-series controller) CC_02: controller (Expert+, Z-series) - USBCOM (connection controller to USBCOM, USBCOM+) controller (Easy, Expert+, Z-series) - UNICARD (connection controller to programming card UNICARD) CC_03: AQCB_xxx - USBCOM+, CM_3 - USBCOM+ (connection chargers AQCB_xxx or CM-3 to USBCOM+)

CC_04: BLCR_xxx - USBCOM+ (direct connection of 1 balancer to USBCOM+, version 2.11 or more) (asymmetric !!!) CC_05: BLCR_xxx - CM_03 (connection 2 or 3 balancers together through CM_3 module) MC_04: measuring cable for BB_03 (connection BB_03 with measuring points)

- 54 -

MP JET connectors

Service connector

Extra flexible power cable with silicone insulation

Lithium polymer battery KOKAM, Wide Energy, Poly-Quest, E-Tech

Extremely powerful sources for electric drives are new types of lithium polymer batteries, especially their „hard“ types marked as „HD“, and super hard types marked „SHD“. Their outstanding features such as very low weight, small dimensions, high currents, long service life and high voltage per cell predetermine them for use in model drives and other model applications. “SHD” types have extremely small inner resistance and therefore they top even pushed Nixx cells. If at least basic rules for usage and operation are kept, lithium polymer batteries are not dangerous. To obtain the best performance, suitable charger (e.g. AQC 4F, AQCB 4FC), real balancers (e.g. BLCR –xxx) and appropriate capacity and type of batteries concerning discharging currents as well as controller designed for use with Lipol batteries are necessary. Manufacturers guarantee discharging currents up to 10C for types marked “HD” and 15 to 20C for types “SHD”, which is nowadays up to 100A from one cell (K4800/20C or WE 4900 / 20C)! Cells can be connected serial-parallel. It is possible to make a light weighting pack, which is able to supply currents of 40 up to 120A with voltage from 7 to 40V or 50V and capacity by your needs.

Basic features of Lipol cells as stated by manufacturer:

positive Aluminum node is nickel tabbed for easy soldering (from one side) no inner fuses (inner resistance of batteries is therefore not unnecessarily rising) impedance is given for frequency of 1kHz and ca half discharged batteries number of cycles for discharge current of 0,5C is 500 and is given for lowering the capacity to 80% *) when discharging by maximal current, the capacity drops to 80% after 100 cycles *) average discharging voltage ca 3,7V / cell spontaneous discharging is minimal (percents per months) no “memory effect”

Note: real values by the manufacturer, real discharging and charging conditions (balancer use, Lipol compatible controllers, …..)

Battery packs (from selected cells): Almost all types of Lipol cell are supplied in packs of 2S, 3S, 4S or 5S (see table bellow). Any serial-parallel combination is possible. Standard packs (serial 2S, 3S, 4S and 5S) can be supplied without connectors and cables (a), with the service connector (b), with service connector and power

cables (c) and with service connector, power cables and MP JET connectors (d). Cells which have terminals in opposite sides are assembled to packs with service connectors and power cables (e) and/or with service connectors, power cables and connectors MP JET (f). Service connector is use for easy connecting to balancers BLCR 4, BLCR 4F, BLCR 4FC, BLCR 5FC. Service connector is a specialized non-interchangeable type (it is not possible to reverse polarity) with a mechanical lock against an unwanted rip out. Highly endurable industrial kinds of wires (endurable against heat and mechanical destructions) are used to connect witch the service connector.

It is also possible to order packs made from selected cells.

a) basic b) with service c) with service connector d) with service connector connector and power cables power cables and MP JET connectors

Recommended chargers and balancers:

AQC 4F universal automatic charger with display up to 7,5A for 1 - 4 Lipol / Li-Ion cells and for 1 - 10 NiCd / NiMH cells AQCB – 4FC Smart Lipol charger for 1 – 4 Lipol / Li-Ion cells with embedded real balancer, charging currents up to 5A, current setup with step resolution of

100 mA. Different modes of operation. State is indicated by LED and beeper. Possibility of connection to PC using USBCOM+ module. Draws graphs in PC, shows currents, supplied charge, voltage of each cell.

BLCR – 4F very powerful and precision real balancer (no voltage limiter !) for 2- 4 Lipol / Li-Ion cells. Balancing current up to 3A, charging current up to 8A. Indication of how well cells are balanced and error states with LED and beeper.

BLCR – 4FC very powerful and precision real balancer (no voltage limiter !) for 2 - 4 Lipol / Li-Ion cells. Balancing current up to 3A, charging current up to 8A. Possibility of serial connection of 2 or 3 BLCRs units by CM-3 module and balancing up to 12 cells in 12S pack configuration.

BLCR – 5FC very powerful and precision real balancer (no voltage limiter !) for 2 - 5 Lipol / Li-Ion cells. Balancing current up to 3A, charging current up to 8A. Possibility of serial connection of 2 or 3 BLCRs units by CM-3 module and balancing up to 15 cells in 15S pack configuration. Possibility of automatic disconnect from charger in overcharging case (wrong charger or set of charger).

More: www.mgm-compro.com

e) with service connector and power cables

f) with service connector and power cables and MP JET connectors

- 55 -

(is a part of set chargers and balancers MGM compro)

Counterpart of service connector PSC_5

Charging current Balancing currents (through balancer)

Pin 4, „+“ of 1. cellPin 3, „+“ of 2. cell

Pin 5, common„–“

Pin 2, „+“ of 3. cellPin 1, no used

Counterpart of service connector PSC_6

(is a part of set chargers and balancers MGM compro)

Pin 5, „+“of 1. cellPin 4, „+“of 2. cell

Pin 6, common „–“

Pin 3, „+“of 3. cellPin 2, „+“of 4. cellPin 1, „+“of 5. cell

(is a part of set chargers and balancers MGM compro)

Counterpart of service connector PSC_5

Counterpart of service connector PSC_5

(is a part of set chargers and balancers MGM compro)

CAUTION: Battery packs are supplied partial charged (voltage of 3,7 to 4,1V / cell). It is necessary to charge them before first use, it is best to charge each of them separately or to use balancer (BLCR 4, BLCR 4F, BLCR 4FC or BLCR 5FC) or use the balancing chargers AQCB 4FC.

Important instructions for use: Do not fasten the battery in model using their nodes! Attach batteries in model using self-adhesive Velcro strips, etc. Measure the real drawn currents in full throttle. It is best to use clamp Ampere meter – it causes only a fractional error compared to ampere meter added to circuit. Use only with controllers designed for Lipol cells. Set the correct number of cells on your controller – this will help prevent the damage of cells. If higher than allowed currents are drawn from the battery, their life expectancy is considerably lowered! Therefore it is necessary to know the allowed maximal current

of every cell (look into manufacturer information) and to measure the currents that are drawn in model. Prevent any shortcuts of the whole pack, or any individual cells. Even a very short-lasting shortcut may severely damage the cell. Make sure the cells are cooled in the model – especially when used near its limits. If smaller currents than the maximal allowed will be drawn, it will have positive effects on the life expectancy of cells (we recommend use 70 or 80% of maximal

discharging current then specified manufacturer). Current stated in tables of motor manufacturer are always meant for a certain number of cell and a certain propeller. This information is correct only if exactly the

same configuration is used. If a propeller from a different manufacturer (even if marked the same) is used, the real drawn currents may considerably differ from those stated in table. The same applies when different batteries are used. Example: Motor MP JET AC 28/7-35 D designed for 3 Lipol cells draws with a 9×6" propeller from a pack 1500 mAh/8C/3s approximately 12A which is on the upper

limit of the load of the motor. Controller TMM1210-3. However, if these cells are changed for harder Kokam 2000 mAh/15C/3s, the currents rise to 17A !!! (that is +41%) and using 18A controller is necessary .

Be careful regarding the minimal voltage of cells, thus the switching off voltage of controller. It is strongly advised not to use controller that are not designed for use with Lipol cells. Watch for controllers with no possibility to set type of cells NiCd / Lipol or numer of Lipols. Many cheap copies of controllers often do not switch off correctly. They may damage or destroy your cells. Type of cells may not be reliably determined automatically, and number of cells higher than 3 Lipol as well not.

If you are dischergind the cells down to the limit set on the controller, set the switching off voltage to (3,3 – 3,5V), which will significantly lower the possibility of discharging the weakest cells under the 3V.

If you use Lipol cells in gliders, it is better to leave a bigger amount of energy reserved in Lipol cells (possible to set in TMM expert controllers). The controller is not able to watch the voltage of cells if motor is not running (reps. Has no possibility to inform the pilot that voltage dropped too low). For longer lasting flight it then would be possible to happen that the energy of batteries would be exhausted by servos (not motor) and voltage would drop below 3V / cell.

If currents near maximum allowed are drawn from battery, it is best to set a longer acceleration time on the controller. If the motor would start up too fast the too high current peaks could deteriorate the parameters of battery. Kokam cells (according to its manufacturer) endure twice of its nominal current in peaks. Example: Motor Mega ACn 16/7/3,.Ducted fan from ALFA model, 3 Kokam 2000/15C cells. Current in stabilized state is 16 to 17A. The acceleration time is set to

0,29 sec. Current in start up peak is 90A !!! – which is for the regarded cells too high (but also for an 18 or 25A controller). If the acceleration time is extended to 0,66 sec. the current peak is lowered to ca 30A which is no problem for either batteries or controller. The extended acceleration time has no practical affect on a operation of the ducted fan and is hardly recognizable.

Often measure the voltage of individual cells after discharged. If they differ more than 30mV, it is recommended to charge each cell separately or use a quality balancer (balancer – BLCR 4, BLCR 4F, BLCR 5FC) or balancing chargers (AQCB 4FC).

Lipol cell are extremely sensitive to overcharging. Thus measure all the cells individually immediately after charging (disconnecting form charger). The voltage should be 4,2V / cell ± 30mV. It is necessary to use a quality voltmeter, instruments with an error of 1% or higher are not suitable, because they bring a too big error in measurement (1% for span of 10V is 100mV !!!). You can test your charger by this measurement, and also prevent a damage of the cells caused by a defective charger or cells that are too different (not balanced).

Charge only in chargers designed for Lipol cells. The best together with quality balancer. If the cell are not well balanced, they start to differ more and more during use. The higher discharging currents the more the cell start to differ. This can be limited only

by choosing cells for packs, lower discharging currents and by often balancing the cells of the pack. We recommended use real balancers (as BLCR 4, BLCR 4F(C), BLCR 5FC) or balancing chargers AQCB 4FC, no only “voltage limiters”! (which are often sold as balancers as well), voltage limiters may disbalnce the cells and thus later aslo damage. If you use balancers in which the voltage is possible to slightly trim, it is necessary to use voltmeter with accuracy of 0,1% to ensure correct limit voltage. It is also recommended to check to real limiting voltage by quality and accurate voltmeter.

Exceeding of the safe limit of 3,0 to 4,2 V / cell when charging or discharging, higher than allowed current load, shortcut, mechanical damage lead in most cases to a severe damage of cells to their complete destroy.

Do not stock discharged cells, their voltage may easily drop below 3V/cell. If you are not using any cells, check their voltage so that it does not drop below 3V / cell. The best for storage is voltage arround 3.8V/cell.

Recommended connections:

Orientation of pins of MGM Compro service connectors

432

JST

5cell 1

cell 2

cell 3

Power cables with connectors for connection of charger and controller

Service connector SCA_4

Čl. 1

Čl. 2

Čl. 3

Čl. 4

Power cables with connectors for connection of charger and controller

Čl. 5

Service connector SCA_6

5432

6

JST

4 3 2

JST

5 cell 1

cell 2

Power cables with connectors for connection of charger and controller

Service connector SCA_3

Service connector SCA_5

4 3 2

JST

5 cell 1

cell 2

cell 3

cell 4

Power cables with connectors for connection of charger and controller

- 56 -

Battery charging: Maximal charging voltage 4,20 ± 0,03V / cell

(higher voltage may damage or destroy the cells) Charging current 1C for „HD“ and “SHD” types Batteries discharged below 2,9V charge by maximal

current of 0,1C until fully charged Temperature of charging cells between 0°C up to 45°C Do not charge cells with reversed polarity Set maximal current on the charger or a current limit to

value of 1C (or more, see on www.kokam.com ) Charging method: constant current constant voltage Battery discharging: Discharging by higher currents may damage or

destroy batteries. Temperature of discharging cells should be

between -10°C up to +60°C. It is necessary to end discharging on voltage of 3V

per cell. Discharging to lower voltage may damage or destroy the cells.

Shortcut may damage or destroy the cells. Overheating may damage or destroy the cells.

Sample: discharging curves of the K730 SHD / 20C

Lipol battery basic parameters Simple cells KOKAM basic electric parameters basic mechanical parameters

Capacity Mid. disch. Cont. Max. peak length wide width weight type of the cell [mAh] voltage [V] current [A] current [A] [mm] [mm] [mm] [gr.]

K 145 HD 8C 145 3,7 1,1 2 27,5 20,5 4,5 3,5 K 1500 HD 8C 1500 3,7 12,0 24 70,5 37,5 6,7 32

K 640 SHD 15C 640 3,7 9,5 19 58,5 33,5 4,4 17 K 910 SHD 15C 910 3,7 13,5 27 59,0 33,5 6,2 23 K 1250 SHD 15C 1250 3,7 18,5 37 74,0 43,0 5,4 34 K 2000 SHD 15C 2000 3,7 30,0 60 74,0 43,0 8,2 51

K 360 SHD 20C 360 3,7 7,0 14 52,0 33,5 3,0 11 K 730 SHD 20C 730 3,7 14,5 29 59,0 33,5 5,4 21 K 1500 SHD 20C 1500 3,7 30,0 60 70,0 38,0 7,2 37 K 3200 SHD 20C 3200 3,7 64,0 128 131,0 43,5 7,6 82 K 4800 SHD 20C 4800 3,7 96,0 192 140,0 43,0 11,0 115 Simple cells Wide Energy

WE 400 SHD 20C 400 3,7 8,0 16 62,0 35,0 2,8 11 WE 800 SHD 20C 800 3,7 16,0 32 62,0 35,0 4,7 18 WE 1200 SHD 20C 1200 3,7 24,0 48 100,0 34,0 4,3 29 WE 1800 SHD 20C 1800 3,7 36,0 72 100,0 34,0 6,8 43 WE 2100 SHD 20C 2100 3,7 42,0 84 100,0 34,0 7,4 52 WE 3200 SHD 20C 3200 3,7 64,0 128 127,0 43,0 6,9 77 WE 3900 SHD 20C 3900 3,7 78,0 156 135,0 44,0 7,4 93 WE 4300 SHD 20C 4300 3,7 86,0 172 150,0 43,0 7,6 100 WE 4900 SHD 20C 4900 3,7 98,0 196 150,0 43,0 8,4 115 Simple cells E-Tech

E 450 HD 10C 450 3,7 4,5 -- 60,0 20,0 4,5 11 E 1000 HD 10C 1000 3,7 10,0 -- 67,0 32,0 5,0 24 E 1250 HD 10C 1250 3,7 12,5 -- 60,0 34,0 7,0 27 E 1700 HD 10C 1700 3,7 17,0 -- 65,0 39,0 8,5 40

Note: mechanical parameters of cells are approximate values only

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100%0

4,2

4,0

3,8

3,6

3,4

3,2

1C

0,8C

0,6C

0,4C

0,2C

80%

60%

20%

Charging time [%]

Cel

l vol

tage

[V]

cure

nt

[C]

capa

city

[%]

Constant current area Constant voltage area

Cell voltage

capacity

Battery charging

End of charging: current <0,05C

- 57 -

Simple cells Poly-Quest basic electric parameters basic mechanical parameters

Capacity Mid. disch. Cont. Max. peak length wide width weight type of the cell [mAh] voltage [V] current [A] current [A] [mm] [mm] [mm] [gr.]

PQ 300 HD 20C 300 3,7 6,0 7 48,0 22,0 4,3 7,6 PQ 400 HD 20C 400 3,7 8,0 10 62,0 35,0 2,8 11 PQ 800 HD 20C 800 3,7 16,0 20 62,0 35,0 4,7 21 PQ 1200 HD 20C 1200 3,7 24,0 30 96,0 30,0 5,3 31 PQ 1500 HD 20C 1500 3,7 30,0 37 96,0 30,0 6,6 36 PQ 1800 HD 20C 1800 3,7 36,5 45 96,0 30,0 7,6 45 PQ 2100 HD 20C 2100 3,7 42,0 52 110,0 38,0 5,6 50 PQ 2500 HD 20C 2500 3,7 50,0 62 110,0 38,0 6,6 60 PQ 3300 HD 20C 3300 3,7 66,0 82 130,0 44,0 6,0 76 PQ 3700 HD 20C 3700 3,7 74,0 92 130,0 44,0 6,8 85

Basic parameters of Lipol packs MGM compro (made from selected cells) KOKAM cells basic electric parameters basic mechanical parameters

available Capacity Mid. disch. Cont. Max. peak length wide width weight conductors typ of cell specification version [mAh] voltage [V] current [A] current [A] [mm] [mm] [mm] [gr.] recom.[mm2]

K 640 SHD 15C 2S A, B, C, D 640 7,4 9,5 19 64 33,5 ~9 ~35 0,5 K 640 SHD 15C 3S A, B, C, D 640 11,1 9,5 19 64 33,5 ~14 ~53 0,5 K 640 SHD 15C 4S A, B, C, D 640 14,8 9,5 19 64 33,5 ~19 ~70 0,5 K 640 SHD 15C 5S A, B, C, D 640 18,5 9,5 19 64 33,5 ~23 ~88 0,5 K 910 SHD 15C 2S A, B, C, D 910 7,4 13,5 27 65 33,5 ~13 ~48 1,0 K 910 SHD 15C 3S A, B, C, D 910 11,1 13,5 27 65 33,5 ~19 ~72 1,0 K 910 SHD 15C 4S A, B, C, D 910 14,8 13,5 27 65 33,5 ~26 ~96 1,0 K 910 SHD 15C 5S A, B, C, D 910 18,5 13,5 27 65 33,5 ~32 ~120 1,0 K 1250 SHD 15C 2S A, B, C, D 1250 7,4 18,5 37 80 43,0 ~12 ~70 1,5 K 1250 SHD 15C 3S A, B, C, D 1250 11,1 18,5 37 80 43,0 ~18 ~105 1,5 K 1250 SHD 15C 4S A, B, C, D 1250 14,8 18,5 37 80 43,0 ~24 ~140 1,5 K 1250 SHD 15C 5S A, B, C, D 1250 18,5 18,5 37 80 43,0 ~30 ~175 1,5 K 2000 SHD 15C 2S A, B, C, D 2000 7,4 30,0 60 80 43,0 ~17 ~104 2,5 K 2000 SHD 15C 3S A, B, C, D 2000 11,1 30,0 60 80 43,0 ~26 ~156 2,5 K 2000 SHD 15C 4S A, B, C, D 2000 14,8 30,0 60 80 43,0 ~35 ~208 2,5 K 2000 SHD 15C 5S A, B, C, D 2000 18,5 30,0 60 80 43,0 ~43 ~260 2,5

K 360 SHD 20C 2S A, B, C, D 360 7,4 7,0 14 56 33,5 ~7 ~23 0,5 K 360 SHD 20C 3S A, B, C, D 360 11,1 7,0 14 56 33,5 ~11 ~34 0,5 K 360 SHD 20C 4S A, B, C, D 360 14,8 7,0 14 56 33,5 ~15 ~45 0,5 K 730 SHD 20C 2S A, B, C, D 730 7,4 14,5 29 65 33,5 ~12 ~43 1,0 K 730 SHD 20C 3S A, B, C, D 730 11,1 14,5 29 65 33,5 ~18 ~64 1,0 K 730 SHD 20C 4S A, B, C, D 730 14,8 14,5 29 65 33,5 ~24 ~86 1,0 K 730 SHD 20C 5S A, B, C, D 730 18,5 14,5 29 65 33,5 ~30 ~107 1,0 K 1500 SHD 20C 2S A, B, C, D 1500 7,4 30,0 60 76 38,0 ~16 ~76 2,5 K 1500 SHD 20C 3S A, B, C, D 1500 11,1 30,0 60 76 38,0 ~24 ~114 2,5 K 1500 SHD 20C 4S A, B, C, D 1500 14,8 30,0 60 76 38,0 ~32 ~152 2,5 K 1500 SHD 20C 4S A, B, C, D 1500 18,5 30,0 60 76 38,0 ~40 ~190 2,5 K 3200 SHD 20C 2S A, B, C, D 3200 7,4 64,0 128 138 43,5 ~16 ~168 4,0 K 3200 SHD 20C 3S A, B, C, D 3200 11,1 64,0 128 138 43,5 ~26 ~252 4,0 K 3200 SHD 20C 4S A, B, C, D 3200 14,8 64,0 128 138 43,5 ~35 ~336 4,0 K 3200 SHD 20C 5S A, B, C, D 3200 18,5 64,0 128 138 43,5 ~42 ~420 4,0 K 4800 SHD 20C 2S E, F 4800 7,4 96,0 192 147 43,0 ~22 ~230 6,0 K 4800 SHD 20C 3S E, F 4800 11,1 96,0 192 147 43,0 ~33 ~345 6,0 K 4800 SHD 20C 4S E, F 4800 14,8 96,0 192 147 43,0 ~44 ~460 6,0 K 4800 SHD 20C 5S E, F 4800 18,5 96,0 192 147 43,0 ~55 ~575 6,0

Wide Energy cells basic electric parameters basic mechanical parameters

available Capacity Mid. disch. Cont. Max. peak length wide width weight conductors typ of cell specification version [mAh] voltage [V] current [A] current [A] [mm] [mm] [mm] [gr.] recom.[mm2]

WE 400 SHD 20C 2S A, B, C, D 400 7,4 8,0 16 66 35,0 ~6 ~24 0,5 WE 400 SHD 20C 3S A, B, C, D 400 11,1 8,0 16 66 35,0 ~9 ~36 0,5 WE 400 SHD 20C 4S A, B, C, D 400 14,8 8,0 16 66 35,0 ~12 ~48 0,5 WE 800 SHD 20C 2S A, B, C, D 800 7,4 16,0 32 66 35,0 ~11 ~40 1,0 WE 800 SHD 20C 3S A, B, C, D 800 11,1 16,0 32 66 35,0 ~16 ~60 1,0 WE 800 SHD 20C 4S A, B, C, D 800 14,8 16,0 32 66 35,0 ~22 ~80 1,0 WE 1200 SHD 20C 2S E, F 1200 7,4 24,0 48 105 34,0 ~10 ~62 1,5 WE 1200 SHD 20C 3S E, F 1200 11,1 24,0 48 105 34,0 ~15 ~93 1,5 WE 1200 SHD 20C 4S E, F 1200 14,8 24,0 48 105 34,0 ~20 ~124 1,5 WE 1200 SHD 20C 5S E, F 1200 18,5 24,0 48 105 34,0 ~25 ~155 1,5 WE 1800 SHD 20C 2S E, F 1800 7,4 36,0 72 105 34,0 ~16 ~92 2,5 WE 1800 SHD 20C 3S E, F 1800 11,1 36,0 72 105 34,0 ~24 ~138 2,5 WE 1800 SHD 20C 4S E, F 1800 14,8 36,0 72 105 34,0 ~32 ~184 2,5 WE 1800 SHD 20C 5S E, F 1800 18,5 36,0 72 105 34,0 ~40 ~230 2,5 WE 2100 SHD 20C 2S E, F 2100 7,4 42,0 84 107 34,0 ~12 ~108 2,5 WE 2100 SHD 20C 3S E, F 2100 11,1 42,0 84 107 34,0 ~18 ~162 2,5 WE 2100 SHD 20C 4S E, F 2100 14,8 42,0 84 107 34,0 ~24 ~216 2,5 WE 2100 SHD 20C 5S E, F 2100 18,5 42,0 84 107 34,0 ~30 ~270 2,5 WE 3200 SHD 20C 2S E, F 3200 7,4 64,0 128 134 43,0 ~15 ~156 4,0 WE 3200 SHD 20C 3S E, F 3200 11,1 64,0 128 134 43,0 ~22 ~234 4,0 WE 3200 SHD 20C 4S E, F 3200 14,8 64,0 128 134 43,0 ~30 ~312 4,0 WE 3200 SHD 20C 5S E, F 3200 18,5 64,0 128 134 43,0 ~38 ~390 4,0

Note: mechanical parameters of battery packs are approximate values only, weight is without cables (user defined cross section, length, …)

- 58 -

available Capacity Mid. disch. Cont. Max. peak length wide width weight conductors typ of cell specification version [mAh] voltage [V] current [A] current [A] [mm] [mm] [mm] [gr.] recom.[mm2]

WE 3900 SHD 20C 2S E, F 3900 7,4 78,0 156 142 44,0 ~16 ~190 4,0 WE 3900 SHD 20C 3S E, F 3900 11,1 78,0 156 142 44,0 ~24 ~285 4,0 WE 3900 SHD 20C 4S E, F 3900 14,8 78,0 156 142 44,0 ~32 ~380 4,0 WE 3900 SHD 20C 5S E, F 3900 18,5 78,0 156 142 44,0 ~40 ~475 4,0 WE 4300 SHD 20C 2S E, F 4300 7,4 86,0 172 158 43,0 ~16 ~205 4,0 WE 4300 SHD 20C 3S E, F 4300 11,1 86,0 172 158 43,0 ~24 ~308 4,0 WE 4300 SHD 20C 4S E, F 4300 14,8 86,0 172 158 43,0 ~32 ~410 4,0 WE 4300 SHD 20C 5S E, F 4300 18,5 86,0 172 158 43,0 ~40 ~513 4,0 WE 4900 SHD 20C 2S E, F 3900 7,4 98,0 196 158 43,0 ~18 ~235 6,0 WE 4900 SHD 20C 3S E, F 3900 11,1 98,0 196 158 43,0 ~27 ~350 6,0 WE 4900 SHD 20C 4S E, F 3900 14,8 98,0 196 158 43,0 ~36 ~470 6,0 WE 4900 SHD 20C 5S E, F 3900 18,5 98,0 196 158 43,0 ~45 ~585 6,0

Poly-Quest cells available Capacity Mid. disch. Cont. Max. peak length wide width weight conductors

typ of cell specification version [mAh] voltage [V] current [A] current [A] [mm] [mm] [mm] [gr.] recom.[mm2]

PQ 300 HD 20C 2S A, B, C, D 300 7,4 6,0 7 52 22,0 ~9 ~16 0,5 PQ 300 HD 20C 3S A, B, C, D 300 11,1 6,0 7 52 22,0 ~14 ~24 0,5 PQ 300 HD 20C 4S A, B, C, D 300 14,8 6,0 7 52 22,0 ~19 ~32 0,5 PQ 400 HD 20C 2S A, B, C, D 400 7,4 8,0 10 66 35,0 ~6 ~24 0,5 PQ 400 HD 20C 3S A, B, C, D 400 11,1 8,0 10 66 35,0 ~9 ~36 0,5 PQ 400 HD 20C 4S A, B, C, D 400 14,8 8,0 10 66 35,0 ~12 ~48 0,5 PQ 800 HD 20C 2S A, B, C, D 800 7,4 16,0 20 66 35,0 ~11 ~44 1,0 PQ 800 HD 20C 3S A, B, C, D 800 11,1 16,0 20 66 35,0 ~16 ~66 1,0 PQ 800 HD 20C 4S A, B, C, D 800 14,8 16,0 20 66 35,0 ~22 ~88 1,0 PQ 800 HD 20C 5S A, B, C, D 800 18,5 16,0 20 66 35,0 ~27 ~110 1,0 PQ 1200 HD 20C 2S E, F 1200 7,4 24,0 30 101 30,0 ~11 ~64 1,5 PQ 1200 HD 20C 3S E, F 1200 11,1 24,0 30 101 30,0 ~16 ~96 1,5 PQ 1200 HD 20C 4S E, F 1200 14,8 24,0 30 101 30,0 ~23 ~128 1,5 PQ 1200 HD 20C 5S E, F 1200 18,5 24,0 30 101 30,0 ~27 ~160 1,5 PQ 1500 HD 20C 2S E, F 1500 7,4 30,0 37 101 30,0 ~15 ~74 2,5 PQ 1500 HD 20C 3S E, F 1500 11,1 30,0 37 101 30,0 ~22 ~112 2,5 PQ 1500 HD 20C 4S E, F 1500 14,8 30,0 37 101 30,0 ~30 ~148 2,5 PQ 1500 HD 20C 5S E, F 1500 18,5 30,0 37 101 30,0 ~37 ~186 2,5 PQ 1800 HD 20C 2S E, F 1800 7,4 36,0 45 101 30,0 ~16 ~92 2,5 PQ 1800 HD 20C 3S E, F 1800 11,1 36,0 45 101 30,0 ~24 ~138 2,5 PQ 1800 HD 20C 4S E, F 1800 14,8 36,0 45 101 30,0 ~32 ~184 2,5 PQ 1800 HD 20C 5S E, F 1800 18,5 36,0 45 101 30,0 ~40 ~230 2,5 PQ 2100 HD 20C 2S E, F 2100 7,4 42,0 52 117 38,0 ~12 ~104 2,5 PQ 2100 HD 20C 3S E, F 2100 11,1 42,0 52 117 38,0 ~18 ~156 2,5 PQ 2100 HD 20C 4S E, F 2100 14,8 42,0 52 117 38,0 ~24 ~208 2,5 PQ 2100 HD 20C 5S E, F 2100 18,5 42,0 52 117 38,0 ~30 ~260 2,5 PQ 2500 HD 20C 2S E, F 2500 7,4 50,0 62 117 38,0 ~15 ~124 2,5 PQ 2500 HD 20C 3S E, F 2500 11,1 50,0 62 117 38,0 ~22 ~186 2,5 PQ 2500 HD 20C 4S E, F 2500 14,8 50,0 62 117 38,0 ~30 ~248 2,5 PQ 2500 HD 20C 5S E, F 2500 18,5 50,0 62 117 38,0 ~37 ~310 2,5 PQ 3300 HD 20C 2S E, F 3300 7,4 66,0 82 137 44,0 ~13 ~156 4,0 PQ 3300 HD 20C 3S E, F 3300 11,1 66,0 82 137 44,0 ~20 ~234 4,0 PQ 3300 HD 20C 4S E, F 3300 14,8 66,0 82 137 44,0 ~27 ~312 4,0 PQ 3300 HD 20C 5S E, F 3300 18,5 66,0 82 137 44,0 ~33 ~390 4,0 PQ 3700 HD 20C 2S E, F 3700 7,4 74,0 92 138 44,0 ~14 ~174 4,0 PQ 3700 HD 20C 3S E, F 3700 11,1 74,0 92 138 44,0 ~22 ~261 4,0 PQ 3700 HD 20C 4S E, F 3700 14,8 74,0 92 138 44,0 ~29 ~348 4,0 PQ 3700 HD 20C 5S E, F 3700 18,5 74,0 92 138 44,0 ~36 ~435 4,0

E-Tech cells available Capacity Mid. disch. Cont. Max. peak length wide width weight conductors

typ of cell specification version [mAh] voltage [V] current [A] current [A] [mm] [mm] [mm] [gr.] recom.[mm2]

E 450 HD 10C 2S A, B, C, D 450 7,4 4,5 -- *) 64 20,0 ~9 ~23 0,5 E 450 HD 10C 3S A, B, C, D 450 11,1 4,5 -- 64 20,0 ~14 ~34 0,5 E 450 HD 10C 4S A, B, C, D 450 14,8 4,5 -- 64 20,0 ~19 ~46 0,5 E 1000 HD 10C 2S A, B, C, D 1000 7,4 10,0 -- 72 32,0 ~18 ~48 0,5 E 1000 HD 10C 3S A, B, C, D 1000 11,1 10,0 -- 72 32,0 ~27 ~72 0,5 E 1000 HD 10C 4S A, B, C, D 1000 14,8 10,0 -- 72 32,0 ~36 ~98 0,5 E 1250 HD 10C 2S A, B, C, D 1250 7,4 12,5 -- 65 34,0 ~15 ~56 1,0 E 1250 HD 10C 3S A, B, C, D 1250 11,1 12,5 -- 65 34,0 ~22 ~84 1,0 E 1250 HD 10C 4S A, B, C, D 1250 14,8 12,5 -- 65 34,0 ~30 ~112 1,0 E 1700 HD 10C 2S A, B, C, D 1700 7,4 17,0 -- 71 39,0 ~18 ~82 1,5 E 1700 HD 10C 3S A, B, C, D 1700 11,1 17,0 -- 71 39,0 ~27 ~143 1,5 E 1700 HD 10C 4S A, B, C, D 1700 14,8 17,0 -- 71 39,0 ~36 ~164 1,5

*) parameter is not defined Note: mechanical parameters of battery packs are approximate values only, weight is without cables (user defined cross section, length, …)

- 59 -

CAUTION !

WARNING !

WARNING !

CAUTION !

Safety precautions for Li-Pol cells Be sure to follow the rules listed bellow while charging or discharging the battery. Failure to do so may cause the battery to become hot, rupture or ignite and cause serious injury:

1. When using the battery Misusing the battery may cause the battery to get hot, rupture or ignite and cause serious injury. Be sure to follow the safety rules listed bellow:

Do not place the battery in fire or heat the battery Do not install the battery backwards so that the polarity is reversed Do not connect the positive terminal (+) and the negative terminal (–) of the battery to each other with any metal object, such as wire, etc. Do not carry or store the batteries together with necklaces, hairpins or other metal objects Do not pierce the battery with nails, strike the battery with a hammer, step on the battery or otherwise subject it to strong impacts or shocks Do not solder directly onto the battery Do not disassemble or modify the battery Do not place the battery on or near fires, stoves or other high temperature locations Do not place the battery in direct sunshine or use or store the battery inside cars in hot weather Do not expose the battery to water or salt water or allow the battery to get wet

Recommended working temperature range is –10°C to +60°C

2. While charging and discharging Be sure to follow the rules listed bellow while charging or discharging the battery. Failure to do so may cause the battery to become hot, rupture or ignite and cause serious injury: Charging the battery only in special charger for Li-Pol battery !!! Setup on your charger maximal current 1C for standard types (up to 3C for SHD types, see www.kokam.com ) ! Do not discharge bellow 3V / cell ! Do not short circuit battery terminals ! Do not discharge by higher current than specified ! Do not use with the speed controllers (or other appliances) which not determination for Li-Pol batteries !!! Watch for cheap imitations they

ofthen to not swtich off correctly. Recommended temperature range for charging is 0°C up to 45°C.

When you use AQCB- 4FC charger, you can watch charging process on the connection PC.

The similar information about cells you can have from balancers BLCR- 4F(C) or BLCR- 5FC when connect to PC (up to 15 cells).

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Lipol 20C/40C Výhody: + významně vyšší napětí při vybíjení + významně vyšší energie vzhledem k objemu či váze + značně nižší vnitřní impedance + při srovnatelných podmínkách značně vyšší počet cyklů

Nevýhody: – nižší nabíjecí proudy

– menší mechanická odolnost

Lipol 20C/40C versus „A123 Systems“

Vedle, v současné době, jednoznačně dominujících kvalitních článků Lipol (nebereme v úvahu některé levné, nekvalitní typy) se začínají objevovat nové Li-Ion články. Jde o Li-Ion články „A123 systems“. (Balancující nabíječky AQCB 4FC i balancery BLCR 5FC firmy MGM compro umí pracovat i s těmito Li-Ion články.) Jedná se o válcové články s některými zajímavými vlastnostmi. Porovnání vlastností obou typů může pomoci při rozhodování o volbě toho či onoho typu pro konkrétní použití. Dostupné jsou např. články Li-Ion A123 systems 2,3Ah s označením „ANR26650MI“. Můžeme je srovnat, co se kapacity týká, s Lipol články 20C/40C např. Wide Energy 2100 či Kokam 2000 nebo s články WE 3200 resp. K 3200, co se týká max. proudů. Přehled vlastností: Li – Ion Lipol Lipol A123 Systems WE 2100 K 3200

Kapacita 2,3 Ah 2,1 Ah 3,2 Ah Nominální napětí (pro vybíjení 0,5C) 3,3 V 3,8V 3,8V Nominální napětí (pro vybíjení 15C) 2,7 V 3,5V 3,5V Vnitřní impedance na 1 kHz 8 mΩ 5,5 mΩ 3,7 mΩ Max. vybíjecí proud 70 A (30C),+) 42 A (20C) 64A (20C) Pulsní vybíjecí proud 120A (50C) 84 A (40C) 128 A (40C) Počet cyklů ~1000 *) - **) ~3500 ***) Nabíjecí proud 1,5 – 5C 1C 1 – 3C Rozměry f 26 × 65 mm 100×34×7,4 mm 131×43×7,6 mm Objem 34 cm3 25 cm3 42 cm3 Váha 70 gr. 52 gr. 82 gr. Energie (pro vybíjení 15C) 6,2 Wh 7,3 Wh 11,2 Wh Mechanická odolnost dobrá horší horší Poznámka: *) uváděno pro pokles kapacity na zhruba 90%, vybíjecí proud 1 až 2C. **) hodnota počtu cyklů sice není výrobcem uváděna číselně, ale z grafů vyplývá hodnota pro 1C, opět řádově tisíce. ***) uváděno pro pokles kapacity na zhruba 90%, „long life“ provoz (nabíjení do 4,15V, vybíjení do 3,35V), vybíjecí proud 1C. +) i při proudu 40A (jen 17C) je pokles napětí článků „A123 Systems“ příliš velký oproti Lipol – řádově 2×. Z výše uvedených parametrů a vlastností vyplývá několik zajímavých skutečností.

Z těchto vlastností je patrné, že současné Li-Ion články „A123 Systems“ lze provozovat rozumně do proudů řádově 20C (při uváděných 30C je napětí článků již dost malé, v grafech se ani neuvádí). Použití mohou nalézt hlavně tam, kde nevadí větší rozměry a hmotnost, tzn. převážně auta, lodě. Nevýhodná je značně vyšší impedance těchto článků a tím pádem menší napětí článků při zatížení (kromě menšího nominálního napětí). Výhodná je naopak dobrá mechanická odolnost a málo se měnící napětí během vybíjení. Naproti tomu Lipol články, díky malé váze i objemu, vyššímu provoznímu napětí i značně vyšším hodnotám měrných energií, mají předpoklad dominance v látajících modelech. Jedinou současnou významnější nevýhodou je jejich menší odolnost proti mechanickému poškození. Dále uváděné charakteristiky a grafy jsou převzaty z propagačních a technických materiálů jednotlivých výrobců. Používání jednotlivých typů článků (dle ankety mezi modeláři, 2006): Celý svět Česká Republika NiCd 8% 18% NiMH 14% 13% Li-Ion 10% 11% Lipol 68% 58%

A123 Systems Výhody: + vyšší nabíjecí proudy + větší mechanická odolnost + malá změna napětí mezi 15 až 85% vybíjení (pro neměnnou zátěž)

Nevýhody: – značně nižší napětí při vybíjení, zvláště při větších hodnotách C

– významně menší energie vzhledem k objemu či váze – vyšší vnitřní impedance (zhruba 2×)

- 61 -

Cycle

Vybíjecí charakteristiky Li-Ion článků A123 Systems. Graf počtu cyklů pro vybíjení proudy 1C, resp. 2C článků A123 Systems:

Vybíjecí charakteristika článků Wide Energy 2100 Graf počtu cyklů článků WE 2100 pro vybíjení 1C, resp. 20C Graf počtu cyklů článků K3200 pro vybíjení 1C. Vybíjecí charakteristika článků Kokam 3200 Nabíjení do 4,15V, vybíjení do 3,35V („long life“ provoz).

1 A (0,5C)10 A (4C) 30 A (13C)40 A (17C)

Δ = 0,6V / 17C

1C discharge

2C discharge

Cycle

Δ = 0,36V / 20C

90

- 62 -

Using abbreviations

ACF - automatic current fuse ACR - automatic current reduce APS - automatic parameter setup AQC - advanced quick charge BEC - battery eliminator circuitry BLDC - brushless DC (electric motor) ESC - electronic speed controller IPR - intelligent power reduce LED - light emitting diode PWM - pulse width modulation RPC - radio priority circuit

Technical info and questions If you have any questions concerning our products, any problems with them or any suggestions please do not hesitate to contact us. It will be our pleasure to help.

Contact

Address: MGM compro, Ing. G. Dvorský, Sv. Čecha 593, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic

Telephone: +420 57 700 1350, +420 57 700 1349 Fax: +420 57 700 1348 E-mail: mgm@mgm-compro.cz Info: www.mgm-compro.cz www.mgm-compro.eu www.mgm-compro.com