Cat Exam Paper-4

7/28/2019 Cat Exam Paper-4

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cat-exam-paper-4 1/32

Section 11 mark questions (50)DIRECTIONS: Each passage given below is followed by a set of questions. Choose the best answer toeach question.Passage 1According to Kaled Fattal: People say the Net works, but it only works for thosecommunities whosenative language is Latin-based. The rest of the world is totally isolated. Mr. Fattal speaks perfect Englishbut, as chairman and chief executive of the Multilingual Internet Names Consortium (MINC), and an Arab,he knows that the majority of the world s population does not. And he knows that this means the Internet isa bewildering and often incomprehensible place for the billions of people who live east of Greece.Despite everything you might have heard, the global resource we all know as theInternet is not global atall. Since you are reading this article in English you probably won t have noticed, but if your first languagewas Chinese, Arabic, Hindi or Tamil, you would know different. At most websitesyou visit you will bescrabbling to find a link to a translated version in your language, seemingly hidden amid tracts of baffling

text. Even getting to a website in the first place requires that you master theWestern alphabet have youever tried to type .com in Chinese letters?If you think this situation need not worry you as an English speaker, think again. At a meeting this month, anumber of prominent politicians and industry experts listed internationalized domain names (IDNs) as oneof the Internet s most pressing priorities. In June, at a meeting of the InternetCorporation for AssignedNames and Numbers (Icann) in Marrakech, the father of the Internet himself, Vint Cerf, highlighted theintroduction of IDNs as vital for the future of the Net.Why the urgency? Because a number of companies and even countries that are frust

rated by years ofdelays, have started offering the Internet in their own languages by working outside the existing domainname system (DNS).The DNS is the Internet s global directory and links particular websites to particular computers, so if youtype in, say, guardian.co.uk, no matter where you are on the Internet you always end up at the samewebsite. The problem is that, at the moment, the DNS works only with Western languages. The logic ofmaintaining a single global directory has so far prevented people from buildingand using a differentsystem that includes their language, but in the past few years there has been su

ch a build-up in demandfrom millions of new Internet users that the previous agreements are starting tounravel and risk causing a

split in the Internet itself.If that were to happen, the web address you type in could suddenly open up an entirely different websitedepending on where in the world you are, or which ISP you use. You may want to buy a book fromAmazon.com but find that you end up at a Russian website all about the world s longest river. Email sent to



you could end up with someone you do not know.The Internet community received a scare in February when China announced it hadcreated three new topleveldomains that were the Chinese equivalents of .com, .net and .china. If China had decided tobreak away from the global Internet, others would certainly have soon followed.There was a huge wave ofrelief when the Chinese Government explained that it had made the new domains available only withinChina itself. But the fact that experts did not doubt that China was capable ofand willing to separate fromthe global Internet was a wake-up call in itself.And it is not just China. Israel has set up its own internal system for domainsin Hebrew as have Iran,Syria and Japan. But as the world grows smaller, these countries are no longer prepared to stick with theiradd-on systems, accessible only when they are in their own country. They want to

register a domain namethat is accessible across the world in the same way that Western domains have been from day one.5 © Career AvenuesAt a May meeting of the International Telecommunication Union in Geneva, however, the Western worldfinally woke up. MINC s Mr. Fattal demonstrated a prototype system that worked wit

h the existing Internetbut also allowed new languages to be added to the global system. We have found away of connectingthese islands [of different-language networks] and also connecting to the global

Internet, Mr. Fattalexplains. With this approach, we can leave the current DNS untouched and safe while helping coordinatebetween other countries in the namespace. In other words, now there s a choice.In Mr. Fattal s presentation, suddenly the Internet that we all understand as theglobal Internet today wasrepresented as the ASCII ̀ English Internet, which took its place alongside the Arabic Internet, PersianInternet, Chinese Internet, Indian Internet, and so on. To understand how we hav

e reached the positionwhere there is a real risk of the Internet fragmenting, you need only review theterm ASCII itself. It stands

for American Standard Code for Information Interchange and it is the code devised to enable computers torepresent and process all the characters in the English alphabet (a through to z, plus 0 to 9 and the varioussymbols you get on your keyboard such as % and &).There is only one organization that can add new top-level domains to the existing global Internet, and it is anot-for-profit company based in California and controlled by the U.S. Government: Icann. Icann was firstapproached in the year it was created 1998 with the aim of introducing internatio

nalized domainnames into its system. But it has yet to introduce a single one. Many members ofthe global Internetcommunity have cried foul at the endless delays from a company based in the least linguistically diversearea of the world (the U.S. has speakers of 170 different languages, compared to

364 in Europe and 2,390in Africa).These accusations have only been strengthened by the fact it is American companies that own and run the



existing global domains and so have the most to lose from new foreign-language additions. Thesecompanies not only have disproportionate influence over Icann but have also been

insisting on being givenautomatic ownership rights to any foreign versions of their domains an argumentof such corrupt logicthat the very fact it is even discussed is a major cause of concern.On top of that, the proud and ancient cultures of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East are offended by the verysuggestion that they should need to apply to a private U.S. company in order tohave their languageaccepted as legitimate on the Internet. As overall coordinator of the domain name system, Icann is caughtin a bind in which it is desperate to avoid the political repercussions of approving or not approvinglanguages, whilst at the same time maintaining overall charge of the domain name

system to preventeverything falling apart.Icann has successfully delayed the day it has to make such decisions by pointing

to the complex technicalissues that have to be decided first. However, with non-Latin-language networksbecoming increasinglyadvanced, China making it clear it is prepared to break away from the Internet,MINC touting a solution

that could bypass its processes altogether and, perhaps most crucially, Microsoft deciding to include IDN10technology in the new version of Internet Explorer, out later this year, Icann has been left with no choicebut to speed up the technical side of internationalized domain names in a bid to

keep the net together.Once that technical side is completed, it will take a masterstroke of international political will to keep theInternet as we now know it together in one piece. The sore reality is that global Internet politics meannothing to users in Syria or Egypt. They simply want to be able to use this remarkable medium in their ownlanguage, in their own way.

1. Why is it that the the global resource we all know as the Internet is not global at all ?1] Because of the digital-divide2] Because the illiterate are unable to use the Internet3] Internet is incomprehensible for those who can t understand western languages.4] Because the poor do not have access to the Internet6 © Career Avenues2. The Internet is incomprehensible to the non-Latin derived language users whyshould an Englishspeaker be concerned about this situation?1] As a global citizen, one must champion the cause of universal access.2] If eastern countries break away from the global Internet, the existing domain

names could get

mixed up3] English speakers are not able to utilize the benefit of being connected to the easterncommunities4] For cyber safety its very important to ensure internationalized domain names3. Which of the following countries does not have its own internal system for domains1] China 2] Israel 3] Syria 4] Egypt4. What made the Western world heave a sigh of relief after China announced thecreation of its own



top-level domains?1] When China retracted from its decision due to global pressure2] When China ensured that the new system would work in tandem with the global Internet3] When China decided to postpone its move by a few years4] When China explained that the it had made the new domains available only within China itself5. How has ASCII led to the risk of Internet fragmenting?1] It is has inherent errors2] It is suitable only for American users3] It can process and represent only the English Language and script4] Due to its standard nature, its lacks flexibility6. What, according to the author, would it take to keep the Internet together in

one piece?1] Technical expertise 2] International political will3] Lobbying by the civil society 4] Both 1] and 2]7. Which of the following is NOT an accusation that has been made against the Icann?1] The domain owners who have a sway on Icann are pressing for the ownership ofthe foreignversions of their domains2] Eastern countries are required to apply to Icann, a private U.S. company in order to have theirlanguages accepted as legitimate on the Internet

3] Icann is unnecessarily delaying the internationalization of domain names under the pretext ofcomplex technical glitches4] Icann is delaying the internationalization process due to pressures from theUS governmentPassage 2Around the turn of the century, Edward Thorndike attempted to develop an objective experimental methodfor the mechanical problem solving ability of cats and dogs. Thorndike devised a

number of wooden crateswhich required various combinations of latches, levers, strings and treadles toopen them. A dog or a catwould be put in one of these puzzle-boxes and, sooner or later would manage to esc

ape from it.Thorndike s initial aim was to show that the anecdotal achievements of cats and dogs could be replicated incontrolled, standardized circumstance, however, he soon realized that he could now measure animalintelligence using this equipment. His method was to set an animal the same task

repeatedly, each timemeasuring the time it took to solve it. Thorndike could then compare these learning-curves acrossdifferent situations and different species.Thorndike was particularly interested in discovering whether his animals could learn their tasks throughimitation or observation. He compared the learning curves of cats who had been g

iven the opportunity ofobserving others escaping from a box with those who had never seen the box beingsolved and found no

difference in their rate of learning. He obtained the same null result with dogsand, even when he showed

7 © Career Avenuesthe animals the methods of opening a box by placing their paws on the appropriate levers and so on, hefound no improvement. He fell back on a much simpler trial and error explanation

of learning.



Occasionally, quite by chance, an animal performs an action which frees it fromthe box. When the animalfinds itself in the same position again it is more likely to perform the same action again. The reward ofbeing freed from the box somehow strengthens an association between a stimulus,being in a certainposition in the box, and an appropriate action. Reward acts to strengthen stimulus-response associations.The animal learns to solve the puzzle-box not by reflecting on possible actionsand really puzzling its wayout of it but by a quite mechanical development of actions originally made by chance.By 1910 Thorndike had formalized this notion into a law of psychology - the law of

effect. In full it reads:Of several responses made to the same situation those which are accompanied or cl

osely followed bysatisfaction to the animal will, other things being equal, be more firmly connected with the situation, sothat, when it recurs, they will be more likely to recur; those which are accompanied or closely followed bydiscomfort to the animal will, other things being equal, have their connectionsto the situation weakened, sothat, when it recurs, they will be less likely to occur. The greater the satisfaction or discomfort, the greater

the strengthening or weakening of the bond.Thorndike maintained that, in combination with the law of exercise, the notion that associations arestrengthen by use and weakened with disuse, and the concept of instinct, the law

of effect could explain allof human behavior in terms of the development of myriads of stimulus-response associations. It is worthbriefly comparing trial and error learning with classical conditioning. In classical conditioning a neutralstimulus becomes association with part of a reflex (either the US or the UR). In

trial and error learning noreflex is involved. A reinforcing or punishing event (a type of stimulus) alters

the strength of association

between a neutral stimulus and quite arbitrary response. The response is not toany part of a reflex.The behaviorist position that human behavior could be explained entirely in terms of reflexes, stimulusresponseassociations, and the effects of reinforcers upon them entirely excluding mental terms likedesires, goals and so on was taken up by John Broadhus Watson in his 1914 book Behavior: AnIntroduction to Comparative Psychology. . Watson had also been involved in the introduction of the mostfavored subject in comparative psychology - the laboratory rat. One of his early

jobs which he used to fundhis Ph.D. was as a caretaker, one of whose duties was to look after laboratory r

ats used in studies intendedto mimic real-life learning tasks such as navigating complex mazes.Watson became adept at taming rats and found he could train rats to open a puzzle-box like Thorndike s fora small food-reward. He also studied maze-learning but simplified the task dramatically. One type of mazeis simply a long straight alley with food at the end. Watson found that once the

animal was well trained atrunning this maze it did so almost automatically. Once started by the stimulus ofthe maze its behavior



y are assets that yield incomeand other useful outputs over long periods of time.But these tangible forms of capital are not the only ones. Schooling, a computer

training course,expenditures of medical care, and lectures on the virtues of punctuality and honesty also are capital. That isbecause they raise earnings, improve health, or add to a person s good habits over

much of his lifetime.Therefore, economists regard expenditures on education, training, medical care,and so on as investments inhuman capital. They are called human capital because people cannot be separatedfrom their knowledge,skills, health, or values in the way they can be separated from their financialand physical assets.Education and training are the most important investments in human capital. Many

studies have shown thathigh school and college education in the United States greatly raise a person s income, even after nettingout direct and indirect costs of schooling, and even after adjusting for the fact that people with moreeducation tend to have higher IQs and better-educated and richer parents. Similar evidence is now availablefor many years from over a hundred countries with different cultures and economic systems.

The earnings of more educated people are almost always well above average, although the gains aregenerally larger in less developed countries.Consider the differences in average earnings between college and high school graduates in the UnitedStates during the past fifty years. Until the early sixties college graduates earned about 45 percent morethan high school graduates. In the sixties this premium from college education shot up to almost 60 percent,but it fell back in the seventies to under 50 percent. The fall during the seventies led some economists and9 © Career Avenuesthe media to worry about overeducated Americans. Indeed, in 1976 Harvard economist

Richard Freemanwrote a book titled The Overeducated American. This sharp fall in the return toinvestments in humancapital put the concept of human capital itself into some disrepute. Among other

things it caused doubtabout whether education and training really do raise productivity or simply provide signals ( credentials )about talents and abilities.But the monetary gains from a college education rose sharply again during the eighties, to the highest levelin the past fifty years. Economists Kevin M. Murphy and Finis Welch have shown that the premium ongetting a college education in the eighties was over 65 percent. Lawyers, accoun

tants, engineers, and manyother professionals experienced especially rapid advances in earnings. The earnings advantage of highschool graduates over high school dropouts has also greatly increased. Talk about overeducated Americanshas vanished, and it has been replaced by concern once more about whether the United States providesadequate quality and quantity of education and other training.This concern is justified. Real wage rates of young high school dropouts have fallen by more than 25



percent since the early seventies, a truly remarkable decline. Whether because of school problems, familyinstability, or other factors, young people without a college or a full high school education are not beingadequately prepared for work in modern economies.Thinking about higher education as an investment in human capital helps us understand why the fraction ofhigh school graduates who go to college increases and decreases from time to time. When the benefits of acollege degree fell in the seventies, for example, the fraction of white high school graduates who startedcollege fell, from 51 percent in 1970 to 46 percent in 1975. Many educators expected enrollments tocontinue declining in the eighties, partly because the number of eighteen-year-olds was declining, but alsobecause college tuition was rising rapidly. They were wrong about whites. The fraction of white highschool graduates who enter college rose steadily in the eighties, reaching 60 percent in 1988, and caused anabsolute increase in the number of whites enrolling despite the smaller number of college-age people.This makes sense. The benefits of a college education, as noted, increased in the eighties. And tuition andfees, although they rose about 39 percent from 1980 to 1986 in real, inflation-a

djusted terms, are not theonly cost of going to college. Indeed, for most college students they are not even the major cost. Onaverage, three-fourths of the private cost the cost borne by the student and by the student s family of acollege education is the income that college students give up by not working. Agood measure of this

opportunity cost is the income that a newly minted high school graduate could earnby working full-time.

And during the eighties this forgone income, unlike tuition, did not rise in real terms. Therefore, even a 39percent increase in real tuition costs translated into an increase of just 10 percent in the total cost to students

of a college education.The continuing growth in per capita incomes of many countries during the nineteenth and twentiethcenturies is partly due to the expansion of scientific and technical knowledge that raises the productivity oflabor and other inputs in production. And the increasing reliance of industry on

sophisticated knowledgegreatly enhances the value of education, technical schooling, on-the-job training, and other human capital.New technological advances clearly are of little value to countries that have very few skilled workers whoknow how to use them. Economic growth closely depends on the synergies between new knowledge and

human capital, which is why large increases in education and training have accompanied major advances intechnological knowledge in all countries that have achieved significant economic

growth.13. What led to the concept of the overeducated American ?1] American government in the seventies started laying stress on rigorous examination system,hence the term.2] In the sixties college graduates earned 60% more than what high school graduates earned, but in



the seventies this premium fell down to under 50%, this fall led to the term.3] Back in the seventies 89% Americans were at least high school graduates and 67% were at leastcollege graduates, they were all highly educated, hence the term.4] The hippies coined the phrase in the seventies to mock the old school.10 © Career Avenues14. Which of the following is NOT true about human capital?1] It is the knowledge, skills, health, and values possessed by human beings2] It gives increased returns over long periods of time3] It is a tangible form of asset4] Investment in healthcare leads to an enhancement in human capital15. Which of the following is not true about return on investment in human capital?1] It is higher in developing countries2] It has been consistently increasing over the decades in United States3] It is generally measured in terms of increase in earnings4] It is usually estimated for investment in higher education16. Why is there a concern over the quality and quantity of education and training in the UnitedStates?1] The direct and indirect cost of education is very high2] Education and training do not really raise productivity, they simply providesignals abouttalents and abilities.

3] There is a remarkable difference between the average salaries of college andhigh schoolgraduates4] Real wage rates of young high school dropouts have fallen by more than 25 percent since theearly seventies.17. Why has the percentage of white students enrolling for college education increased in the eightiesdespite a 39% increase in tuition costs?1] Earnings by college graduates registered a sharp increase in the 1980s2] Most of the white students were able to secure huge scholarships in the eighties3] The opportunity cost of going to college did not increase in real terms

4] The total cost of going to college remained the same18. According to the passage, the economic growth of a country depends on whichof the following:1] Expansion of scientific and technical knowledge2] Investment in human capital3] A synergy between 1] and 2]4] Abundance of natural resourcesPassage 4In biology and ecology, extinction is the ceasing of existence of a species or group of taxa. The moment ofextinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of that species. Extinction is usuallya natural phenomenon; it is estimated that more than 99.9% of all species that h

ave ever lived are nowextinct.Through evolution, new species are created by speciation - where new organisms arise and thrive whenthey are able to find and exploit an ecological niche - and species become extinct when are no longer ableto survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. A typical species becomes extinct within10 million years of its first appearance, although some species survive virtually unchanged for hundreds of



millions of years.Descendants may or may not exist for extinct species. Daughter species that evolve from a parent speciescarry on most of the parent species genetic information, and even though the parent species may becomeextinct, the daughter species lives on. In other cases, species have produced no

new variants, or none thatare able to survive the parent species extinction. Extinction of a parent species

where daughter species orsubspecies are still alive is also called pseudoextinction.However, pseudoextinction is difficult to demonstrate unless one has a strong chain of evidence linking aliving species to members of a pre-existing species. For example, it is sometimes claimed that the extinct11 © Career AvenuesHyracotherium, which was an ancient animal similar to the horse, is pseudoextinct, rather than extinct,because there are several extant species of horse, including zebra and donkeys.However, as fossil species typically leave no genetic material behind, it s not possible to say whetherHyracotherium actually evolved into more modern horse species or simply evolvedfrom a commonancestor with modern horses. Pseudoextinction is much easier to demonstrate forlarger taxonomic groups.

For example, it could be said that dinosaurs are pseudoextinct, because some oftheir descendants, thebirds, survive today.A species may become functionally extinct when only a handful of individuals survive, which are unable toreproduce due to health, age, lack of both sexes (in species that reproduce sexually), or other reasons.Coextinction of a species is the loss of one species upon the extinction of another. The term was originallyused in the context of the extinction of parasitic insects following the loss of

their hosts. The term is nowused describe the subsequent loss of any interacting species, including predators with their prey, and

specialist herbivores with their food source.Currently, environmental groups and some governments are concerned with the extinction of species due tohuman intervention, and are attempting to combat further extinctions. Accordingto the World ConservationUnion (WCU, also known as IUCN), 784 extinctions have been recorded since the year 1500, the arbitrarydate selected to define modern extinctions, with many more likely to have gone unnoticed. Most of thesemodern extinctions can be attributed directly or indirectly to human effects.In addition to actual extinction, human attempts to preserve critically endangered species have caused thecreation of the conservation status extinct in the wild. Species listed under th

is status by the WCU are notknown to have any living specimens in the wild, and are maintained only in zoosor other artificialenvironments. Some of these species are functionally extinct.There are a variety of causes that can contribute directly or indirectly to theextinction of a species or groupof species. Most simply, any species that is unable to survive or reproduce in its environment, and unable tomove to a new environment where it can do so, dies out and becomes extinct. Extinction of a species may



come suddenly when an otherwise healthy species is wiped out completely, as whentoxic pollution renders

its entire habitat unlivable; or may occur gradually over thousands or millionsof years, such as when aspecies gradually loses out competition for food to newer, better adapted competitors. Around three speciesof birds die out every year due to competition.19. Which of the following is NOT true about extinction?1] It is marked by the death of the last individual of a particular species2] It is caused only due to human interference3] Extinction occurs when a species is not able to adapt to change4] It is an antithesis of speciation20. Match the following:I. Pseudoextinction A. Extinction of predator with the preyII. Functional extinction B. Zoos and artificial habitatsIII. Co-extinction C. DinosaursIV. Extinction in the wild D. Failure to reproduce1] I D 2] I C 3] I A 4] I - CII A II D II B II - BIII B III A III D III - DIV C IV B IV- C IV A12 © Career Avenues21. Which of the following is NOT true about pseudoextinction?1] It happens when daughter species are able to survive the extinction of the pa

rent species2] Daughter and parent species have similar genetic composition3] Hyracotherium is pseudoextinct4] It can only be proved if there is strong genetic evidence supporting the evolution of a livingspecies from a pre-existing one22. Which of the following is true according to the passage?1] Human Beings have led to the extinction of 784 species2] All species extinct in the wild are also functionally extinct3] Extinction always takes place suddenly within a few years4] All species become extinct within 10 million years of their appearancePassage 5A patent is the government grant of monopoly on an invention for a limited amoun

t of time. Patents in theUnited States are granted for seventeen years from the date the patent is issuedor for 20 years from the date

of filing. Other countries grant patents for similar time periods. Italy and Mexico grant patents for fifteenyears from the date of application; Japan grants them for fifteen years from the

patent s publication;Germany grants for eighteen years from application. An invention is a new device

or composition ofmatter, or a newly created technical method. In contrast, the discovery of a law

of nature the law ofgravity, for example, is not an invention.The economic justification for patents is straightforward. If there were no pate

nts, then someone whoinvested time and money to create an invention would not necessarily get a return on even a very valuableinvention. The reason is that others could imitate his or her invention. If imitators have the same productioncosts as the inventor, they could compete the price down so that the original inventor covers onlyproduction costs, but not invention costs. Potential inventors, knowing this, would be less likely to invest ininventing. But with a patent system in place, potential inventors are more likel



y to invest because they canexpect to have a monopoly on their inventions for as long as seventeen years.Although this argument is airtight, it is, in itself, an insufficient argument for patents. There are two mainreasons. First, there is a cost to the patent system. By creating a monopoly, it

causes higher prices forconsumers and thus a loss to them that outweighs the gain to producers. One might argue that the loss isfictitious because without the patent the invention would not have been made. But many inventions wouldbe made and have been made without patents. Sometimes such inventions occur intentionally, such as whenthe inventor thinks he can keep the invention secret long enough (but typicallymuch less than seventeenyears) to collect a monopoly return on it. Other times, the inventions occur byaccident. Either way, one ofthe patent system s negative effects is to create monopolies in inventions that would have existed anyway.Second, as British economist Arnold Plant argued in the thirties, the patent system diverts creative energyinto the patentable inventions and away from the kinds of improvements that cannot be patented. Anexample of such an unpatentable improvement would be a new way of organizing shelf space in a

supermarket. There is no assurance that this diversion creates net economic benefits for society.One argument against patents, at one time thought to have merit, has been shownto be bogus. This is theargument that a monopolist who gets a patent on an improved product that costs no more to produce thanhis or her existing product would suppress it rather than use it. By so doing, goes the argument, themonopolist would avoid destroying the market for his current product. This ideahas been so commonlyheld by noneconomists that it is the premise of a 1952 Alec Guinness comedy, The

Man in the White Suit,and a more sinister 1980 movie titled The Formula. In the former a perpetually d

urable suit is suppressed,and in the latter a formula for synthetic fuel is suppressed. UCLA economist Jack Hirshleifer has shownthat a rational monopolist would not suppress such inventions.13 © Career AvenuesConsider, says Hirshleifer, a monopolist of light bulbs. He or she acquires thepatent to a new light bulbthat gives twice as many hours of use as his current bulbs, but that costs the same to produce. Hirshleiferpoints out that what the monopolist s customers care about is light hours. So, argues Hirshleifer, themonopolist could sell the same number of light hours at the same price per light

hour by producing half as

many as the new light bulbs as he or she was producing of the old ones, and charging twice the price. Themonopolist would then earn the same revenue, but costs would be cut in half. Bottom line: higher profitsfrom using the invention.23. The economic rationale behind a patent is that1] It helps the inventor eliminate competition2] It prevents the invention from being imitated3] It ensures that the benefits of the invention reach the public4] It encourages potential inventors to invest time and money in inventing



24. Which of the following is an argument against patents?1] Consumers have to pay a higher price for patented products2] Inventors choose to invent patentable products, neglecting the unpatentable products in theprocess3] Monopolists tend to suppress improvements in existing products4] Both 1&225. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?1] Discoveries cannot be patented2] A system for organizing shelf space in a supermarket is unpatentable3] Sometimes inventions can take place accidentally4] Processes and methods do not come under the definition of an inventionDIRECTIONS: Fill up the blanks, numbered [26], [27] ...up to [30], in the passage below with the mostappropriate word from the options given for each blank.The collapse of the Doha development round of trade talks has been widely [26] asbad news for theworld s poor. But poverty is not exclusive to developing countries, and there is little danger that the poorare going to become an endangered species, whatever the deal on trade. Poverty is not a static conditionwhich people may be [27] from or raised out of. Poverty has as many guises as thewords that describe it:the destitution of the landless laborer is not the exclusion of the city slum-dw

eller; the elective austerity ofthe religious foundation is a million miles away from a drought-stricken tribalvillage in Orissa; and theviolent dispossession of the Rio favela is not the same thing as the scarcity of

a lean season in Bangladesh.As Western governments never cease to [28], poverty is relative. (They do not state what it is relative to:whether to neighbors, to the rich, or to those whose personal fortunes [29] theGDP of whole countries.) Ifanyone with below 60 per cent of median income is said to remain in poverty, a significant proportion ofthe people will always be poor. It should not be imagined that poverty in the rich countries is a [30] or

sheltered experience, as the existence of gun and violent crime, a knife culture, gang warfare, and a drugeconomy testifies.26. 1] criticized 2] deplored 3] condemned 4] lamented27. 1] revived 2] salvaged 3] rescued 4] redeemed28. 1] affirm 2] insist 3] establish 4] confirm29. 1] exceed 2] surpass 3] outdo 4] transcend30. 1] limited 2] mitigated 3] tempered 4] toned down14 © Career AvenuesDIRECTIONS: For each of the words below, a contextual usage is provided. Pick the word fromthe alternatives given that is most appropriate in the given context.31. Finesse: She also phrases sublimely, stretching vowels and caressing consona

nts with a jazzmusician s finesse.1] acumen 2] flair 3] delicacy 4] ingenuity32. Deference: There is a certain degree of deference, a certain degree of consideration that shouldbe given to the president.1] veneration 2] idolization 3] fidelity 4] civility33. Subterfuge: Congress must not reward deceit and subterfuge by authorizing the very programsthat have violated the law.



1] chicanery 2] stunt 3]circumvention 4] evasion34. Eclectic: And what a bizarre, eclectic and always fascinating scattering ofculture, language,history and folklore they turned out to be.1] multifarious 2] universal 3] selective 4] superior35. Specious: This mischaracterization is a deliberate and specious attempt to distract observers fromthe history of this conflict and current cause of its reemergence.1]insidious 2] superficial 3] inaccurate 4] underhandedDirections: Identify the correct sentence or sentences36. A. He had his leg injured in an accident.B. We were knowing each other well.C. Wordsworth has written a number of nature poemsD. Have you ever considered doing something else for a living?1] Only A 2] Both A & D 3] Both B & D 4] Only C37. A. I d prefer waiting rather than coming again.B. Are you working tomorrow?C. He has left the office barely five minutes ago.D. Did you get those cushions embroidered?1] Only A 2] Only B 3] Both B & D 4] Only D38. A. I failed in doing my job.B. You must visit us some time.C. She is used to being treated badly.D. I dream to make it big some day.

1] Only A 2] Only C 3] Only D 4]Both B & C39. A. I am going to the market for buying new shoes.B. How long are they married.C. How often do you go shopping?D. I am going to Paris for a holiday.1] Only A 2] Only B 3] Both C & D 4] Only D40. A. I will go to the movies this afternoon.B. Nic is supposed to have stolen the watch, but I don t believe it.C. She hates being kept waiting.D. I d rather you don t tell anyone about this.1] Only A 2] Only B 3] Both B & C 4] Only D15 © Career AvenuesDIRECTIONS: The sentences given in each question, when properly sequenced, form

a coherentparagraph. Each sentence is labeled with a letter. Choose the most logical orderof sentences from

among the given choices to construct a coherent paragraph.41. A. Since its launch in 2001, the Doha round has had a chequered record.B. After the most recent suspension of the Doha round of trade talks in Geneva,only the diehardoptimists can hope for an early revival, leave alone a satisfactory resolution.C. Trade negotiations have tended to flounder and all deadlines have been missed

because of theuncompromising positions adopted by some member countries.D. Representatives from the six important trading blocs India, the United States, the European

Union, Brazil, Japan, and Australia failed to achieve the much-needed breakthrough inagricultural trade negotiations, which hold the key to a broader agreement covering nonagriculturalmarket access (NAMA) and services.1] ABCD 2] BDAC 3] BACD 4] DBCA42. A. The notion that destruction of a few days old embryo amounts to killing human life is not justflawed, it is over the top.B. With a stroke of the pen, President George Bush has dealt a body blow to scie



nce and dashedthe hopes of countless human beings round the world who look to human embryonicstem cellresearch as a possible cure for their afflictions.C. The exact time when life begins is a debatable issue and scientists see suchembryos as nothingmore than a bunch of cells.D. His veto of a Bill seeking to enlarge federal funding for the research underlines the fact thatfundamentalist religious objections, not scientific considerations, matter whenhis administrationdeals with issues that seem to conflict with far-Right ideology.1] ACBD 2] BCAD 3] BDAC 4] DBCA43. A. We may well ask why the state does not fulfill its constitutional obligation.B. In certain parts of society one sees such a desire, but it is too weak and casual to lead tosustained pressure on the state.C. To ask such a question is to get caught in a language game.D. There is plenty of evidence to say that India s present-day society lacks the desire to see everychild at school.1] BDAC 2] DBAC 3] BDCA 4] DBCA44. A. Those who watched closely the tortuous process through which the National

RuralEmployment Guarantee Act (NREGA) and the Right to Information Act (RTI) came intoexistence, know well that neither this government nor the bureaucracy was ever enthusiastic.B. Is this government simply tolerating unwillingly the two most important Actsthat can empowerconsiderably the poor and the most vulnerable in this country?C. And now in less than a year s time the Union Cabinet is reported to have decided to restrictsignificantly the reach of the RTI Act.D. Without the support they received from the National Advisory Council headed by Congress

president Sonia Gandhi, these two Acts would not have been possible.1] ABCD 2] BCAD 3] CDAB 4] BADC45. A. The innovative global measure of progress, the Happy Planet Index, has been constructed bythe New Economics Foundation (Nef) and Friends of the Earth using three factors:

lifeexpectancy, human well-being, and damage done via a country s environmental footprint.B. The index has been compiled to draw attention to the fact that it is not necessary to use up theearth s resources to achieve long life and happiness.C. The most happy place on the planet is the South Pacific island nation of Vanuatu, according to

a radical new index published on Wednesday.D. Vanuatu comes top because its people are satisfied with their lot, live to nearly 70 and do littledamage to the planet.1] CABD 2] ABCD 3] CBDA 4] CBAD16 © Career AvenuesDIRECTIONS: Four alternative summaries are given below each paragraph. Choose the optionthat best captures the essence of the paragraph.46. For more than a year now, Parliament has remained on the margins as the nucl



ear deal with theUnited States has exercised the nation. Four things stand out starkly. First, what was claimed to bea balanced deal has turned into a continuing exercise involving the progressiveaddition of onesidedconditions on India. Secondly, the conditionalities have expanded even beyond the nuclearrealm to potentially encroach on India s foreign policy and strategic autonomy. Thirdly, PrimeMinister Manmohan Singh has been unable to honor his solemn assurances to Parliament. Andfourthly, the balance of the Indo-U.S. agreement announced on July 18, 2005 started tilting againstIndia in later closed-door negotiations between the two governments, but the U.S. legislativeprocess has gone further and changed the basic terms of the Agreement.1] The last one year has not been good for India as far as the nuclear deal with

the United States isconcerned. Not only has the deal resulted in India having to fulfill many otherconditions, but alsothat the Prime Minister had to take back his words on the assurances he gave tothe parliament.2] Not only has India had to give more than what it got from the Indo-U.S. nuclear deal, but also

the basic terms of the deal have been changed to suit the needs of the United States legislativeprocess. The foreign policy as well as the autonomy of India, too, have suffered3] The nuclear deal with United States has led to India giving more than what it

can get. Even thebasic terms of the deal have been changed to top it all; Prime Minister Manmohan

Singh could nothonor his solemn assurances to the parliament.4] Although the basic terms of the agreement have been changed it should be kept

in mind thatUnited States is doing what it could to pass the deal in its parliament. Some compromises need tobe made and so they are being made.

47. The passage of the Indian Right to Information Act 2005 was hailed, almost universally, as alandmark piece of legislation that could change the relationship of the citizenwith the state. It wasconsidered one of the most progressive RTI laws in the world, with several provisions worthy ofemulation. With widespread use, it had begun to be seen by citizen groups as a ray of hope to fightcorruption, inefficiency, and the arbitrary use of power in an otherwise dark scenario. However,just six months after the Act has come into effect, the Union Cabinet has approved a set ofamendments, some of which will crucially damage the scope and power of the Act.

The mostcritical of these relate to barring the disclosure of file notings. Also Cabinet papers availablecurrently after the decision is complete will now be barred from disclosure even

after the decisionis taken. As a result, the process of decision-making will be kept out of the public domain, makingit far more difficult for citizens to participate in the process.1] The initial hope over the Right to Information Act 2005, one of the most progressive RTI laws



in the world, could not last for more than six months. With the latest amendments approved by theUnion Cabinet, especially the one that bars the disclosure of file notings will severely curtail thecitizen participation in the decision-making process.2] Right to Information Act 2005 was seen as a ray of hope in the other wise dark scenario. It washailed as one of the most progressive RTI laws in the world, with several provisions worthy ofemulation. Soon the RTI laws will have no wings to flutter.3] According to the current modifications in the RTI Act 2005, Cabinet papers available currentlyafter the decision is complete will now be barred from disclosure even after the

decision is taken.As a result, the process of decision-making will be kept out of the public domain, making it farmore difficult for citizens to participate in the process.4] Just six months after the Act has come into effect, the Union Cabinet has approved a set ofamendments, some of which will crucially damage the scope and power of the Act.Theenthusiasm and optimism associated with the act would no longer be there.17 © Career Avenues48. Kofi Annan finally made the headlines with his call on July 21 for an immedi

ate ceasefire in theMiddle East crisis. It was too little, too late. That the United Nations Secretary-General waitednine days before seriously speaking out has dealt a severe blow to the organization s humanitarianimage. That he twinned his criticism of Israel s excessive use of force with repeatedcondemnations of Hizbollah again showed how deeply in thrall to the U.S. the world is. WithBritain now firmly in the U.S. camp even on the Middle East conflict, the G8, the EU, and theU.N. Security Council are still not calling for a ceasefire. This internationaldecision to sanction

such atrocities is the most troubling dimension of the current war.1] The United Nations has always said what the US wants it to say. And the caseof the presentMiddle East conflict is no different. This is nothing but a sanction to atrocities, which has dealt asevere blow to the UN s humanitarian image.2] Kofi Annan has waited for nine days to speak on the Middle East crisis. Evennow his statementis insufficient and biased. Similarly other international groups are also underthe sway of the US.3] Though the UN Secretary General Kofi Annan has called for a ceasefire in theMiddle Eastcrisis, the appeal is both late and insufficient. Annan s condemnation of the Hizb

ollah along withthat of Israel is indicative of an American influence which is also evident in the case of the G8, theEU and the UN Security Council.4] The UN Secretary General s call for peace in the Middle East is untimely and inadequate. Inaddition, the G8, the EU, and the U.N. Security Council are still not calling for a ceasefire whichis quite troubling.49. Nearly half a century after decolonization, there is still a tendency in the



West to see the ThirdWorld as a bit of a white man s burden, though, mercifully, not in the way that once prompted thedispatch of civilizing missions across the length and breadth of the Asian and Africancontinents. Rather, the Third World is now seen to have mutated, as it were, into a virus that isthreatening to contaminate the Western values of tolerance, good governance, and probity inpublic life. They call it the Third World syndrome. Last week, Mathew Parris, oneof Britain smore sober commentators, accused Prime Minister Tony Blair of bringing a Third World flavorto British politics.1] For ever and anon, the West has looked down upon the Third World as lowly and

its influenceas polluting. The terms used by the politicians change but the colonizing tendencies of the Westcontinue to exist. This is clearly evident from the comments made by Mathew Parris in which heaccused Prime Minister Tony Blair of bringing a Third World flavor to British politics.2] The Imperialistic tendencies of Britain have not ceased to exit; they have only changed their

form. What was once called the white man s burden is now referred to as the Third Worldsyndrome .3] British Politicians have accused the Asian and African countries of contaminating their valuetolerance, good governance, and probity in public life. This is nothing but an example of whiteman s burden .4] The concept of white man s burden which had led to the colonization of the ThirdWorld hasnow taken a new garb. The Third World syndrome is the term used by political commentators inthe West, for the contaminating influence of the Asian and African countries on

Western values.18 © Career Avenues50. Normally, when Iraqi leaders come to Britain they tend to ad-lib the scripttheir hosts in DowningStreet and the Foreign Office wish to hear or have written for them. Prime Minister Tony Blair,therefore, looked surprised and embarrassed when during a short visit to Londonthis week hisusually loyal guest Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki turned on him over hisrefusal tocondemn the Israeli actions in Lebanon and to intervene to halt the violence. In

a rare publicdisplay of disagreement and frustration with the British position, the soft-spok

en Mr. al-Malikiexploded in anger after Mr. Blair, standing next to him at a joint press conference in DowningStreet on Monday, echoed the American line that a ceasefire would not help until

Hizbollah wasfirst reined in.1] Iraqi leaders, when they come to Britain merely read out the speeches written

for them by theirBritish counterparts. But Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki publicly embarrassed British Prime



Minister Tony Blair when Mr. Blair refused to condemn Israel. He exploded in anger at a jointpressconference in Downing Street with Mr. Blair.2] Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki set a new tradition by going against the

wishes of BritishForeign Office and Prime Minister Tony Blair. He failed to follow suit when Mr.Blair condemnedIsraeli actions in Lebanon.3] All Iraqi leaders are expected to echo the sentiments of the British government but Iraqi PrimeMinister Nouri al-Maliki in his recent visit to Britain refused flew into a rage

when PM Tony Blairrefused to denounce Israeli actions in Lebanon and to intervene to halt the violence. Mr. Blair hadreiterated the American stance on the issue.4] Prime Minister Tony Blair was surprised and embarrassed when is soft-spoken and loyal guestIraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki flew into a rage in a joint press conference and condemnedIsraeli actions in Lebanon. He even indicated that Iraq would intervene to haltthe violence.19 © Career AvenuesSection 2 Part A1 mark questions (20)

Directions for 51 and 52: These questions are based on the following:Jeevan Blood Bank looks for three types of antigens in blood tests: A, B and Rh.When the antigen

A or B is present, it is listed, but if both these are absent, the blood is typeO. If the Rh antigen is

present, the blood is positive, otherwise, it is negative. A laboratory technician reports thefollowing results after testing the blood samples of 100 people.Number ofSamplesAntigen inBlood40 A

18 B82 Rh5 A and B31 A and Rh11 B and Rh4 A, B and Rh51. How many people were classifieds as O negative?1] 3 2] 7 3] 53 4] Indeterminate52. How many people are O positive?1] 82 2] 47 3] 44 4] 453. A man set out at noon to walk from Khalagpur to Danapur, and a friend of his

started at 2 pm onthe same day to walk from Danapur to Khalagpur. They met on the road at five min

utes past fouro'clock, and each man reached his destination at exactly the same time. Can yousay at what timethey both reached their respective destinations?1] 6 pm 2] 7 pm 3] 6:30 pm 4] 7:25 pm54.xyis five greater than11



4times its reciprocal. If xy is negative, thenx yy+is1] 0 2] 1/2 3] 1/2 4] 155. Ahmed promised to pay Balaji Rs. 8400 and a certain amount after 24 months called as pagadifor working for him for 2 years. When Balaji quit 8 months before the agreed time, Ahmed paidhim Rs. 4500 plus the entire pagadi as compensation. How much was the pagadi (in

Rs.) if Balajireceived all monies due to him in the appropriate proportion ?1] 3300 2] 4500 3] 5000 4] 600056. In the figure given below, ACDE is a rectangle and ABCE is a isosceles trapezoid. The length ofsegment AB is 10 units and the length of segment CE is 20 units. Find the length

of segment AE.1] 10 units 2] 12 units 3] 14 units 4] 12 unitsACEB

D20 © Career AvenuesDirections for questions 57 to 58: Read the following data to answer the questions given below.. Four gentlemen (A, B, C, and D) went to an expensive restaurant to dine. Theychecked theircoats, hats, gloves, and canes at the door (each of the gentlemen had one of each). But when theychecked out, there was a mix up, and each of the men ended up with exactly one article of clothing(a pair of gloves is considered a single article of clothing) belonging to eachone of the four. A andB ended up with their own coats, C ended up with his own hat, and D ended up wit

h his owngloves. A did not end up with C's cane.57. Who had the hat of A?1] D 2] B 3] C 4] A58. Which of the following statement is true?1] A had C s gloves 2] B had C s gloves 3] C had D s coat 4] None of these59. A clock is observed. The hour hand is exactly at the minute mark, and the minute hand is sixminutes ahead of it. Later, the clock is observed again. This time the hour hand

is exactly on adifferent minute mark, and the minute hand is seven minutes ahead of it. How much time haselapsed between the first and the second observation?

1] 3 hrs 24 min 2] 2 hrs 12 min 3] 1 hr 48 min 4] None of these60. You begin your vacation at Village A and travel to Village B. From Village Byou move on to

Village C and then to Village D. You leave Village D and return back to VillageA. Your roundtrip was 54 km and the distance between each village is a whole number. The distance betweenVillage A and Village B is greater than between Village B and Village C. Also, if you wentdirectly from Village B to Village D, it would be a distance of 12 km. What is t



he distance fromVillage C to Village D?1] 6 km 2] 9 km 3] 5 km 4] Indeterminate61. This game is played by two people. Put 18 dots on a black board or on paper.

Each player is toerase 1, 2 or 3 dots in his playing turn. Turns alternate between the two players, i.e. player 1 takesturn 1, then player 2 takes turn 2, then player 1 takes turn 3, and so on. You need not choose anumber and stay with it. For instance, you might erase 1 dot on your first turn,

2 dots on yoursecond, 1 dot on your third and 3 dots on your fourth turn. The player who erases the last dotloses. You make the first move, and both players play intelligently, and you win. What is thenumber of dots that were erased in turns 1, 2 and 3 together?1] 5 2] 6 3] Indeterminate 4] None of these62. A Math Club devices the following method for encoding positive integers. First the integer isexpressed in base 5, second a one to one correspondence is established between the digits thatappear in the expression in base 5 and the elements of the set {A, E, I, O, U}.Using thiscorrespondence, the members find that three consecutive integers in increasing o

rder are coded asAOU, AOI, AAE respectively. What is the base 10 expression for the integer codedAEIOU ?1] 682 2] 777 3] 1358 4] None of these63. I start counting numbers from 10 on my fingers, starting with my little finger and moving towardsmy thumb. On reaching the thumb, I count the next number on my fore finger, thenext on mymiddle and so on, until I reach the little finger. The next number is then counted on the ring finger.If I count upto 99, then on which finger do I count 99 ?1] Ring finger 2] Middle finger 3] Fore finger 4] None of theseB

12A D C21 © Career Avenues64. A 3 kg cake is cut into 4 pieces. The first piece is one fifth the weight of

the sum of the weights ofthe other 3 pieces. The second is one third the weight of the sum of the weights

of the other pieces.The third piece is one-half the weight of the sum of the weights of the other pieces. How much didthe fourth piece weigh ?1] 1000 grams 2] 850 grams 3] 750 grams 4] 600 grams65. There are two concentric circular tracks of lengths 200 km. and 300 km. A car moves on the

outer track at the speed of 50 kmph in the clock wise direction. A scooter moveson the insidetrack in the anti-clockwise direction at a speed of 60 kmph. If both start fromthe north most pointof the track at the same time and the first person to travel 1200 km does so and

stops, then howmany times has he crossed the other person in the time in which he was moving?1] 3 2] 4 3] 6 4] None of these66. Unlike in India, the pizzas in Italy are wafer thin and are square shaped. There is a square pizza



that has to be cut into pieces to serve 115 guests. What is the minimum number of straight cutsrequired to divide the pizza into exactly 115 pieces, if it does not matter whether the pieces areequal sized or not.1] 12 2] 15 3] 18 4] Not possibleDirections for questions 67 and 68: Read the following data to answer the questions given belowLet f (x) be a function.fn (x) denotes function calculated n times, i.e., fn (x) = f (f (f n times (x))),so f3 (x) = f (f (f (x))). It is defined that G1 (x) = f (x) H1 (x) = f 2 (x)G2 (x) = f2 (x) H2 (x) = f 4 (x). .. .Gn (x) = f n (x) Hn (x) = f 2n (x)67. If f (x) = x, then Gn (x) Hn (x) for1] [ - 1, 1 ] 2] [ - , - 1 ] [ 1, ]3] The entire number line 4] None of these68. If fn (x) = f 2n (x) = x , then Gn (x) Hn (x) for1] (0, ] 2] [ - 1, 1 ] 3] [0, ) 4] None of these69. In table tennis the first player to score 21 points wins. Service alternates

between the two playersevery 5 points. A player can score points both during his service and his opponent s service. Ali

beat Badshah 21 16 in a game, 24 of the 37 points played were won by the player serving. Whoserved first?1] Ali 2] Badshah3] Indeterminate 4] Inconsistent data70. A car s headlights make two circular bright spots on a wall when the car is 10

m away. At whatrate is the area of the bright spots changing when the car is 6 m away. The velocity of the car is 3m/s. see diagram1] 12 m2/sec 2] 48 m2/sec 3] 10 m2/sec 4] None of these22 © Career AvenuesSection 2 Part B

2 mark questions (15)71. Triangle ABC is an equilateral triangle with sides of length 5 units. PointD is any point in theinterior of triangle ABC. Segments ED, FD, and GD are perpendicular to the sides

of the triangle.If the segments ED, FD, and GD are equal in length, then find the sum of segments ED, FD, andGD.(Note: Diagram is not to the sacle)1] 4.30 units 2] 5.20 units 3] 3.8 units 4] None of these72. A team of X men are engaged to do two tasks A and B where time required forA is twice thatrequired for B. The men work half the day on task A, and then an equal number of

them work on

task A and B simultaneously for the second half of the day. At the end of the day, task A iscompleted, but task B is not. The next day, one man is assigned to complete task

B and he does itin 1 day. If all men work at the same rate, then what is the number of men in the team ?1] 6 2] 8 3] 10 4] 1273. What is the digit at the ten s place in the number 299 ?1] 2 2] 4 3] 8 4] None of theseDirections for questions 74 and 75: Refer to the data below.



Every year CAV organizes a Quant workshop, one month before the CAT exam. A maximum of1000 students are allowed for the workshop. The workshop is priced at Rs. 1500,of which themanagement retains 15% and 25% is used to pay for the faculties. The remaining amount is usedfor prize money to be distributed to top performing students on a test which isconducted at theend of the workshop. The price money is distributed equally to all students whoscore more than50% in the test. In October 2004, a winner student took home Rs. 28140. The next

year, anotherwinner took home Rs. 40200. The number of students who enrolled for the workshop

was thesame in both the years. The conditions for distributing and utilizing the moneyalso remained thesame for both the years.74. What was the amount spent by the management for the faculties in October 2004?1] Rs. 351570 2] Rs. 3571503] Rs. 351750 4] None of these / Indeterminate75. How much money was divided among the students who were awarded the price inthe year 2005?1] Rs. 844200 2] Rs. 763800

3] Rs. 884400 4] None of these / Indeterminate23 © Career AvenuesDirections for questions 76 and 77: Refer to the data below.A fortune teller has a unique way of predicting his customer s prognosis. He has three parrots keptin three different cages. Each cage also has three cards with a single digit non

zero numberinscribed on every card. No two cards have the same number and no cage containstwo cards withdigits totaling ten. Further, the total of the three cards in the first cage isgreater by two than thesecond cage and by four than the third cage. When a customer asks for a prognosis, the fortune

teller lets out the three parrots which randomly pick out one card out of theirrespective cages.Before the prognosis is made, the fortune teller totals the digits on the threecards picked out andcharges the customer the same number of rupees as the total of the cards. One day a customer paidseven rupees for his prognosis.76. What is the lowest payment possible?1] Rs. 5 2] Rs. 3 3] Rs .6 4] Rs. 877. What is the maximum possible that one can pay?1] Rs. 22 2]Rs. 23 3] Rs. 24 4] Rs. 4578. There are two women participating in a chess tournament. Each participant played two games with

every other participants. The number of games played by the men among themselvesexceeded by66, than the number of games played by men against women. How many male participants were inthe tournament?1] 16 2] 15 3] 14 4] 1179. A number of children played at marbles. Each child won a different number of

games and the totalnumber of games won by the boys equaled the total number of games won by the two

girls. As a



memento of the occasion, they each received a present of marbles, equal to the square of thenumber of games he or she had won. In total, the boys received as many marbles as the girls, andthe total number of marbles received by all of them together was less than 100.How manymarbles were given as presents?1] 18 2] 81 3] 73 4] None of these80.EVEDID= . TALKEach letter represents a different digit, and the division represents a common fraction that can bewritten as a repeating decimal. What is the fraction?1]2423032]2223033]242313

4] None of these81. There are two friends Mr. Additive and Mr. Multiple. Both pass through a hall containing 100doors numbered 1 to 100. As they walk through the hallway from door number 1 towards 100, Mr.Multiple multiples the number written on the doors with the product of numbers on all previousdoors and tells it to Mr. Additive, who adds it with the previous number that Mr. Multiple hadcalculated. At the end of the hallway, what is the number in the units place ofMr. Additive s finalanswer?1] 0 2] 3 3] 6 4] 9

24 © Career Avenues82. Five pirates raid the ship of a wealthy bureaucrat and steal his trunk of gold pieces. By the timethey get the trunk aboard, dusk has fallen, so they agree to split the gold thenext morning. But thepirates are all very greedy. During the night one of the pirates decides to take

some of the goldpieces for himself. He sneaks to the trunk and divides the gold pieces into five

equal piles, withone gold piece left over. He puts the gold piece in his pile, hides it, puts the

other four piles backin the trunk, and sneaks back to bed. One by one, the remaining pirates do the same. They sneak to

the trunk, divide the coins into five piles, with always one coin left over. Each pirate puts the goldcoin in his own pile, hides it, and puts the remaining four piles back in the trunk. What is thesmallest number of pieces there could have been in the trunk originally?1] 3121 2] 3211 3] 2131 4] 372183. How many two digit numbers exist such that the product of the two digits isa perfect square?Note that neither of the two digits are zeroes.1] 9 2] 11 3] 17 4] None of these



84. In a nuclear plant there are warning lights placed at locations numbered 1 to 13: The managementwishes to set up the smallest possible number of fixed monitoring stations, so as to continuouslymonitor all the lights. A monitoring station set up at a given location, can ofcourse monitor thelight at that location, Further, from location 1, it is possible to see the lights at locations 2, 3, 4, 5,6, and 7. From location 2, it is possible to see the lights at locations 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Fromlocation 3, it is possible to see the lights at locations 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7. From location 4, it ispossible to see the lights at locations 1, 7, and 9. From location 5, it is possible to see the lights atlocations 4, and 10. From location 6, it is possible to see the lights at locations 3, and 11. Fromlocation 7, it is possible to see the lights at locations 2, 12 and 13. From location 8, it is possible tosee the lights at locations 2 and 13. The minimum number of monitoring stationswhich must beset up is.1] 3 2] 4 3] 5 4] None of these85. Consider two cubes of side n. The first has a short-put ball in it, such that the all ball exactly fits

into the box. i.e. radius is n/2. In the second box are arranged marbles of equal size, in neat rowsand columns in such a way that number of rows = number of columns = number of layers ofmarbles. The first and last marble of any row or column or layer touch the sides

of the box, and allmarbles pack tightly into the box. What is the ratio of the volume of empty space in box 1 to thatin box 2 ?1] 1:1 2] 2 :1 3]n(4 )4n-

- 4]4nn(4 )- - 25 © Career AvenuesSection 3 Part A1 mark questions (10 questions)Directions for questions 86-90: Refer the data given below to answer the following questions.Indian National Congress - All India Performance (1991-2004)Total Seats: 126 seats -North Zone

Number State/UT Total Seats of seats won1991 1996 1998 1999 2004Haryana 10 09 02 03 00 09Himachal Pradesh 04 02 04 01 00 03J&K 06 00 04 01 00 02Punjab 13 12 12 00 08 02UP 85 05 05 00 10 09Chandigarh 01 01 00 00 01 01National Capital Territory of Delhi 07 02 02 01 00 06Total Seats: 132 seats-South Zone



State/UT Total Seats Number of seats won1991 1996 1998 1999 2004Andhra Pradesh 42 25 22 22 05 29Karnataka 28 23 05 09 18 08Kerala 20 13 07 08 08 00Tamil Nadu 39 28 00 00 02 10Andaman & Nicobar Islands 01 01 01 01 00 01Lakshadweep 01 01 01 01 01 00Pondicherry 01 01 01 00 01 00Total Seats: 143 seats- West ZoneState/UT Total Seats Number of seats won1991 1996 1998 1999 2004Dadra & Nagar Haveli 01 01 01 00 00 00Daman & Diu 01 01 01 00 01 01Goa 02 02 00 02 00 01Gujarat 26 05 10 07 06 12Madhya Pradesh 40 27 08 10 11 04Maharashtra 48 38 15 33 10 13Rajasthan 25 13 12 18 09 04Total Seats: 142 seats-East ZoneState/UT Total Seats Number of seats won1991 1996 1998 1999 2004Arunachal Pradesh 02 02 00 00 02 00Assam 14 08 05 10 10 09

Bihar 54 01 02 05 04 03Manipur 02 01 02 00 00 01Meghalaya 02 02 01 02 01 01Mizoram 01 01 01 00 00 00Nagaland 01 00 01 01 01 00Orissa 21 13 16 05 02 02Sikkim 01 00 00 00 00 00Tripura 02 02 00 00 00 00West Bengal 42 05 09 01 03 0626 © Career AvenuesAll India - Total Seats: 5431991 1996 1998 1999 2004Seats Contested 529 483 474 453 417

Seats Won 245 150 141 114 137Percentage of Votes secured 36.4% 29.7% 25.82% 28.30 27%86. What percentage of the total seats won by the Congress were from Punjab in the year 1999?1] 8.20% 2] 6.35% 3] 1.47% 4] None of these87. What percentage of the seats won in the year 1991 were won in the North Zone

of India?1] 12.65% 2] 10.35% 3] 11.47% 4] None of these88. Seats won in Maharashtra as a percentage of the total seats won across India

was maximum in theyear_______ 1] 1991 2] 1996 3] 1999 4] 199889. How many of the following statement(s) is/are true?

(i) In 1998, among the seats won in South Zone, Karnataka approximately won 22%of the seats.(ii) Among the seats won in South Zone, the year in which Andhra Pradesh won maximum percentageof the seats is 2004.(iii) Among the seats won in South Zone, the year in which Kerala won maximum percentage of theseats is 1998.(iv) Among the seats won in 1991, South Zone contributed to the largest number of seats won.



1] 1 2] 2 3] 3 4] 490. 50% of India s population is eligible to vote, of which only 50% votes in each

election. In the year2004, if 2862× 105 people voted for Indian National Congress, then what is the approximate totalpopulation of India in 2004?1] 106× 107 2] 1144× 106 3] Indeterminate 4] None of theseDIRECTIONS for questions 91 to 95: Each problem contains a question and two statements givingcertain data. You have to select the correct answer from [1] to [4] depending on

the sufficiency of the datagiven in the statements to answer the question.Mark 1, if statement I alone without the help of statement II is sufficient to answer the question.Mark 2, if statement II alone without the help of statement I is sufficient to answer the question.Mark 3, if statements I and II together are needed but not either statement alone sufficient to answer thequestion.Mark 4, if the question cannot be answered and additional information is neededbesides statements I andII.91. A committee consists of n women and k men. In addition, there are 4 alternatives, 2 of whom

are women. If one of the committee members is selected at random to be replacedby one of thealternates, also selected at random, what is the probability that the number ofwomen on thecommittee will increase ?I. n + k = 12II.k 1n 3=92. If the length of each side of rectangle R is squared, what is the sum of the

4-squared lengths?I. The diagonal of rectangle R has length 15.

II. The product of the lengths of two adjacent sides of rectangle R is 108.27 © Career Avenues93. 3 different locations are represented on a square map by the points x, y, and z, such that z is theexact centre of the map. What is the actual distance between the locations represented on the mapby x and y ?I. On the map, 1 cm equals 200 km.II. x, y and z are on a straight line, and x is 4 cm from z, while y is 3 cm from z.94. The number of boys in grade 7 is equal to the number of girls in grade 8. If

2 students are selectedat random, one from the 7th grade and one from the 8th grade, which of the two i

s more likely tobe a girl ?I. If each girl from grade 7 was paired with a boy of grade 8, then 25 boys of grade 8 would haveno partners.II. If each girl of grade 8 was paired with each boy of grade 8, then 15 boys of

grade 8 would haveno partners.95. Is k greater than 3 ?I. (k 3)( 2)(k 1) > 0



II. k > 128 © Career AvenuesSection 3 Part B2 mark questions (20 questions)Directions for questions 96 to 98 :The following table gives the scores of 10 students of a class who have opted for various credits(subjects). The credits are labeled A through F and are rated on a scale of 1 to

5, where studentscan score integral values only. Not all credits are necessarily taken by a student, and not allstudents necessarily take a credit. The range of scores indicates the minimum and maximumscores in that credit by students who may have chosen that credit. The average is the average ofthe scores in a credit of students who may have chosen a particular credit. Thenumber of credittakers out of the 10 students is given in the last column.Credit Range of scores of all credit takers(minimum & maximum scored)Average scores ofcredit takersNumber ofcredit takers

A 1 4 3.5 6B 2 4 3 3C 1 5 4 7D 1 21133E 2 5 4 4F 3 5323

696. How many students have scored over 4 in atleast 2 credits?1] 4 2] 7 3] 2 4] Indeterminate97. The number of student who have scored less than 2 in atleast one credit is atleast1] 3 2] 4 3] Indeterminate 4] None of these98. The maximum number of students who have scored more than 3 in atleast one credit is1] 5 2] 6 3] 7 4] None of theseDirections for questions 99- 101 Refer the data given belowRishab runs an aquarium of exotic fish. He everyday buys for free a total of 100

newborn fish (lessthan a day old) and feeds them, gives them TLC (Tender Love and Care) and watche

s them asthey grow. He realizes that 20% of the fish that he buys on day 0 (i.e. on a particular day) do notsurvive more than a week. Also, 15% of the remaining fish die within 28 days, i.e. the next threeweeks. He sells the surviving fish at the beginning of the 5th week (i.e. on day

29) at a price of Rs.35 per fish. He does this for the next 100 weeks, buying a 100 new born fish everyday.99. What is the total number of fish sold by Rishab at the end of 10 weeks ?



1] 4760 2] 2730 3] 4550 4] 2856100. Using an advanced form of diet, Rishab manages to reduce the total number of fish dying within 0to 4 weeks by 25%. Rishab uses this diet on fish that he purchases from the 51st

week onwards. Ifeach packet of this diet food costs Rs. 770 and a packet lasts for seven days, what is the netincome (in Rs. 000) from the project ? Net Income = Total Income Total Expenses1] 1592.5 2] 1725.5 3] 2106.5 4] None of these101. Rishab decides not to use this special diet, but instead of waiting for 4 weeks, he now sells all fishsurviving more than 1 week immediately after the 1st week. However the sale price now is onlyRs. 30. If this option had been applied right from the start of the project then

what would havebeen the total income (in Rs. 000) from the project?1] 1592 2] 1666 3] 1680 4] 178529 © Career AvenuesDirections for questions 102- 105: Refer the data given belowThe CEO of HKK Ltd was perplexed as he had to make a presentation to the company s

board inan hour, but his secretary had messed up the data he needed to present. The first table that theCEO has contains information on the 4 products of HKK called Alpha, Beta, Gamma

and Thetaand the market share in revenue terms of these products across 4 regions North (N), South (S),East (E) and West (W). The second table contains data on total sales of the 4 products (in Rs.million) across these regions. The secretary has ended up adding the information

of two regions inall the columns. E.g. If the market share of HKK in region N and S was 10% and 20%respectively, the secretary has added it up to 30%Market share by revenue (in % terms)Product N + S E + W S + W S + EAlpha 70 50 65 65

Beta 30 75 55 60Gamma 80 105 85 100Theta 55 75 80 45Sales Volume (Rs. Million)Product N + E S + E E + W N + SAlpha 21 16 31 25Beta 40 35 40 35Gamma 50 25 35 35Theta 60 40 38 60102. In terms of total market size (in million Rs.), across which region was total market size the leastfor product Gamma?1] S 2] W 3] E 4] Indeterminate

103. If actual market share of HKK for product X in region Y =(Re gionY)(Re gionY)Salesof HKKof Pr oduct X100,TotalMarket size for Pr oduct X× then Actual Market Share of HKK for Alpha acrossthe markets of North and South equaled1] 35.71% 2] 25% 3] 33.33% 4] None of these104. By what percentage do sales of Gamma have to increase so as to equal the to



tal sales of Betaacross the 4 regions?1] 7.14 % 2] 6.66% 3] 3.44% 4] None of these105. In the western region, the selling price per unit of which product was theleast ?1] Gamma 2] Beta 3] Alpha 4] Indeterminate30 © Career Avenues3080 60402361I IIIV III8030 60609151I II

IV III4050 604085356040 307071

838050 50202139Directions for questions 106 to 108: Refer the following data to answer the questions givenbelow.The following grid show the marks scored with ranks of a student in 4 tests I, I

I, III and IV.Initially the marks were entered in a grid such as the one shown below with marks and rank ofsubject I on the top left, II on the top right, etc.The data is to be read as follows. In test I, the person scored 40 and secured the 1st rank, in test IIthe person scored 30 and secured 3rd rank, etc.Using a concept similar to the one above, marks of 4 students A, B, C and D were

entered in 4grids as shown below. However, in the following grids, the subjects for B, C and



D have beenerased and these 3 grids have been turned clockwise by 900, 1800 and 2700, not necessarily in thatorder. There are 10 students in the class, and in no subjects do any two students score the samemarks. The more marks a person scores, the higher his rank in the subject. A scored the first rankin 2 subjects, while C and D scored the first rank in 1 subject each.A BC D106. Which of the three grids was flipped by 2700 ?1] B 2] C 3] D 4] Indeterminate107. What was the total marks received by the four students together in subjects

II ?1] 220 2] 160 3] 200 4] None of these108. If we take the average of the ranks of the four students in each subject, then in how many subjectswas the average of the ranks an integer ?1] 0 2] 1 3] 2 4] 331 © Career AvenuesDirections for the questions 109 to 112; Refer the following data to answer thequestions givenbelow.There are 11 players on each side in ODI cricket, and one team bats while the ot

hers bowl. Thenthe teams swap after 50 overs. Kraig Chapal, the coach of the Indian ODI cricketteam is a master

strategist when it comes to shuffling the batting order. In a match in which India scored 340 runs,9 batsmen were out and the last unbeaten pair of batsmen together scored 40 runs

before they ranout of overs. In the batting order the 4th and the 5th men each scored exactly a

100 runs, while thefirst two batsmen scored 50 between themselves. The ratio of the runs scored bythe first threebatsmen, Ganguly, Sehwag and Pathan (though not necessarily 1, 2 and 3 in the batting order) was

6 : 4 : 3. Two consecutive batsmen scored 0, and the first 9 batsmen in the batting order scoredeither 0 or scores that were multiples of 5. Dhoni was the 8th batsmen in the batting order, and thenext person after Dhoni scored a 5. The runs scored by Tendulkar if added to the

extras (bonusruns not scored by any batsmen but given by the bowling team to the batting team) equaledGanguly s scores. Sehwag scored one-fifth of Yuvaraj and equal to Tendulkar. Srinath scored 5times what Tendulkar scored. Munaf and Mohanty scored 18 and 22 respectively, while togetherthey scored 25 more than Dhoni and Pathan together. Kumble was India s most succes

sful bowlerof the match, and Harbhajan took 2 wickets less than Kumble.109. What was the number of extras in the Indian score?1] 0 2] 10 3] 20 4] Indeterminate110. Tendulkar s number in the batting order was immediately after1] Yuvaraj 2] Srinath3] Yuvaraj or Srinath 4] Indeterminate111. What is the total of the least 5 scores in the Indian cricket team (excluding extras)?1] 20 2] 30 3] 35 4] 38



112. Who has scored 5 runs ?1] Kumble 2] Harbhajan3] Tendulkar 4] Kumble or Harbhajan32 © Career AvenuesDirections for questions 113 to 115: Refer the data given below to answer the followingquestions.6 students at CAV sat down to discuss a MoCAT. They sat in a circle, with a girl

between any 2boys. After some time, a girl - Taby, walked out, and the two girls who remain are Sandhya andShikha. Amit, a faculty at CAV notices that

Three of the students wore blue t-shirts and the other 2 wore red t-shirt.3 students wore sandals, while the other 2 wore sneakers.Sandhya was in a blue denim trouser (jeans).One student who wore sandals wore a khaki trouser; the others wore blue denim tr

ousers(jeans).

Aseem either wore a blue t-shirt or wore a khaki trouser.It is known that if Sandhya wears a red t-shirt, then Shikha wears a blue t-shir

t.The person wearing a khaki trouser wore a red t-shirtWhen Shikha walked out to meet Amit, the number of students wearing blue and red

t-shirts

was equal. Amit notices that Shikha wore sandalsNaveen sat between the two girls, and Aseem sat to the left of Shikha. Sandhya sat to the leftof Sharma.

The two people wearing red t-shirts were separated by a boy who wore sneakers.113. Who wore the khaki trousers?1] Aseem 2] Shikha 3] Naveen 4] Sharma114. Who wore sneakers?1] Sandhya and Naveen 2] Sharma and Naveen3] Sharma and Sandhya 4] Indeterminate115. Other than Shikha, who wore sandals?1] Aseem and Sandhya 2] Aseem and Naveen3] Sandhya and Naveen 4] Indeterminate

Cat Exam Paper-4

Documents

Transcript of Cat Exam Paper-4