Cast and Molds

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Traction Traction is usually used to align a bone or bones by a gentle, steady pulling action. The pulling force may be transmitted to the bone through skin tapes or a metal pin through a bone. Traction may be used as a preliminary treatment, before other forms of treatment. Types Of Cast, Molds And Indications 1. Airplane cast – for humerus and shoulder joint with compound fracture. 2. Basket cast – for severe leg trauma with open wound or inflammation. 3. Body cast – for lower dorso-lumbar spine affectation. 4. Boot leg cast – for hip and femoral fracture. 5. Cast brace – for fracture of femur (distal curve) with flexion and extension. 6. Collar cast – for cervical affectation. 7. Cylindrical leg cast – for fractured patella. 8. Delbit cast – for fracture of tibia or fibula. 9. Double hip spica cast – for fracture of hip and femur. 10. Double hip spica mold – cervical affectation with callus formation. 11. Frog cast – for congenital hip dislocation. 12. Functional cast – for fractured humerus with abduction and adduction. 13. Hanging cast – for fractured shaft of the humerus. 14. Internal rotator splint – for post hip operation. 15. Long arm circular cast – for fractured radius or ulna 16. Long arm posterior mold – for fractured radius or ulna with compound affectation. 17. Long leg circular cast – for fractured tibia-fibula. 18. Long leg posterior mold – for fracture tibia-fibula with compound affectation. 19. Minerva cast – for upper dorsal or cervical affectation. 20. Munster cast – for fractured radius or ulna with callus formation. 21. Night splint – for post polio. 22. Pantalon cast – for pelvic bone fracture 23. Patella tendon bearing cast – for fractured tibia-fibula with callus formation. 24. Quadrilateral (ischial weight bearing) cast – for shaft of femur with callus formation. 25. Rizzer’s jacket – for scoliosis 26. Short arm circular cast – for wrist and fingers. 27. Short arm posterior mold – for wrist and fingers with compound affectation. 28. Short leg circular cast – for ankle and foot fracture. 29. Short leg posterior mold – for ankle and foot with compound affectation. 30. Shoulder spica – for humerus and shoulder joint. 31. Single hip spica – for hip and 1 femur. 32. Single hip spica mold – for pelvic fracture with callus formation. 33. 1 and ½ hip spica – for hip and femur. 34. 1 and ½ spica mold – for hip and femur with compound affectation.

Transcript of Cast and Molds

Page 1: Cast and Molds

Traction

Traction is usually used to align a bone or bones by a gentle, steady pulling action. The pulling force may be transmitted to the bone through skin tapes or a metal pin through a bone. Traction may be used as a preliminary treatment, before other forms of treatment.

Types Of Cast, Molds And Indications

1. Airplane cast – for humerus and shoulder joint with compound fracture.

2. Basket cast – for severe leg trauma with open wound or inflammation.

3. Body cast – for lower dorso-lumbar spine affectation.

4. Boot leg cast – for hip and femoral fracture.

5. Cast brace – for fracture of femur (distal curve) with flexion and extension.

6. Collar cast – for cervical affectation.

7. Cylindrical leg cast – for fractured patella.

8. Delbit cast – for fracture of tibia or fibula.

9. Double hip spica cast – for fracture of hip and femur.

10. Double hip spica mold – cervical affectation with callus formation.

11. Frog cast – for congenital hip dislocation.

12. Functional cast – for fractured humerus with abduction and adduction.

13. Hanging cast – for fractured shaft of the humerus.

14. Internal rotator splint – for post hip operation.

15.  Long arm circular cast – for fractured radius or ulna

16. Long arm posterior mold – for fractured radius or ulna with compound affectation.

17. Long leg circular cast – for fractured tibia-fibula.

18. Long leg posterior mold – for fracture tibia-fibula with compound affectation.

19. Minerva cast – for upper dorsal or cervical affectation.

20. Munster cast – for fractured radius or ulna with callus formation.

21. Night splint – for post polio.

22. Pantalon cast – for pelvic bone fracture

23. Patella tendon bearing cast – for fractured tibia-fibula with callus formation.

24. Quadrilateral (ischial weight bearing) cast – for shaft of femur with callus formation.

25. Rizzer’s jacket – for scoliosis

26. Short arm circular cast – for wrist and fingers.

27. Short arm posterior mold – for wrist and fingers with compound affectation.

28. Short leg circular cast – for ankle and foot fracture.

29. Short leg posterior mold – for ankle and foot with compound affectation.

30. Shoulder spica – for humerus and shoulder joint.

31. Single hip spica – for hip and 1 femur.

32. Single hip spica mold – for pelvic fracture with callus formation.

33. 1 and ½ hip spica – for hip and femur.

34. 1 and ½ spica mold – for hip and femur with compound affectation.

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This fracture can often be treated in a cast. The most common type of cast used is the hanging cast. This cast is applied with the elbow bent at a right angle. The cast goes from above the elbow to the knuckles and prevents movement of the elbow, forearm and wrist, leaving the fingers and thumb free to wiggle.

The cast is suspended from the neck to a ring attached to the forearm part of the cast. This point of suspension is chosen so that the upper arm hangs straight when the patient is sitting or standing. The cast does not immobilize the fracture but uses the traction from the weight of the hanging cast to position the arm so that the fracture is straight.

During the first few weeks of treatment you can usually feel some movement at the fracture site, particularly when you lie down and the bone tends to bend.

As healing progresses and the tissue at the fracture site gets stronger this sensation of movement goes away. Once the fracture has reached this stage

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of healing, the cast can be removed. Many surgeons use a removable brace on the upper arm at this stage and continue protection in a sling.

Functional Arm Cast

This type of cast provides minimal immobilization by supporting the broken bone but still allowing for use of the limb. A 1995 book review in "The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery", states that this type of cast is very successful for healing an ulnar break, and produces healed bone with little deformity and little or no loss of function.

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Shoulder Spica Cast

An orthopedic cast used to immobilize the trunk of the body to the hips, the wrist, and the hand. It incorporates a diagonal shoulder support between the hip and arm parts. The shoulder spica cast is used in the treatment of shoulder dislocations and injuries and in the positioning and immobilization of the shoulder after surgery.

A shoulder spica cast is a piece of plaster or fiberglass device worn around the trunk of the body and extending to the shoulder, arm, and hand to protect a broken bone and allow healing to occur.

How to build a Shoulder Spica cast.

Made of Fiberglass

1) Preparing and applying the stockinette

   

2) Applying the cast padding

       

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Cast

A cast holds a broken bone in place as it heals. Casts also help to prevent or decrease muscle contractions, and are effective at providing immobilization, especially after surgery. Casts immobilize the joint above and the joint below the area that is to be kept straight and without

motion. For example, a child with a forearm fracture will have a long arm cast to immobilize the wrist and elbow joints.

What are casts made of?

The outside, or hard part of the cast, is made from two different kinds of casting materials.

plaster - white in color. fiberglass - comes in a variety of colors, patterns, and designs.

Cotton and other synthetic materials are used to line the inside of the cast to make it soft and to provide padding around bony areas, such as the wrist or elbow. Special waterproof cast liners may be used under a fiberglass cast, allowing the child to get the cast wet. Consult your child's physician for special cast care instructions for this type of cast.

What are the different types of casts?

Below is a description of the various types of casts, the location of the body they are applied, and their general function.

Type of Cast Location Uses

Short arm cast:

Applied below the elbow to

Forearm or wrist fractures. Also used to hold the forearm or wrist muscles and tendons in

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the hand. place after surgery.

Long arm cast:

Applied from the upper arm to the hand.

Upper arm, elbow, or forearm fractures. Also used to hold the arm or elbow muscles and tendons in place after surgery.

Arm cylinder cast:

Applied from the upper arm to the wrist.

To hold the elbow muscles and tendons in place after a dislocation or surgery.

Illustrations of arm casts, 3 types

Type of Cast

Location Uses

Shoulder spica cast:

Applied around the trunk of the body to the shoulder, arm, and hand.

Shoulder dislocations or after surgery on the shoulder area.

Minerva Applied around the After surgery on the neck or upper back

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cast: neck and trunk of the body.

area.

Short leg cast:

Applied to the area below the knee to the foot.

Lower leg fractures, severe ankle sprains/strains, or fractures. Also used to hold the leg or foot muscles and tendons in place after surgery to allow healing.

Leg cylinder cast:

Applied from the upper thigh to the ankle.

Knee, or lower leg fractures, knee dislocations, or after surgery on the leg or knee area.

Illustrations of leg casts, 3 types

Type of Cast Location Uses

Unilateral hip spica

Applied from the chest to the foot on one leg.

Thigh fractures. Also used to hold the hip or thigh

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cast: muscles and tendons in place after surgery to allow healing.

One and one-half hip spica cast:

Applied from the chest to the foot on one leg to the knee of the other leg. A bar is placed between both legs to keep the hips and legs immobilized.

Thigh fracture. Also used to hold the hip or thigh muscles and tendons in place after surgery to allow healing.

Bilateral long leg hip spica cast:

Applied from the chest to the feet. A bar is placed between both legs to keep the hips and legs immobilized.

Pelvis, hip, or thigh fractures. Also used to hold the hip or thigh muscles and tendons in place after surgery to allow healing.

Illustrations of hip spica casts, 3 types

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Type of Cast Location Uses

Short leg hip spica cast:

Applied from the chest to the thighs or knees.

To hold the hip muscles and tendons in place after surgery to allow healing.

Illustration of child wearing a short leg hip spica cast

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Type of Cast Location Uses

Abduction boot cast:

Applied from the upper thighs to the feet. A bar is placed between both legs to keep the hips and legs immobilized.

To hold the hip muscles and tendons in place after surgery to allow healing.

Illustration of child wearing abduction boots