Casestudy Lighting
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Transcript of Casestudy Lighting
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CASE STUDYLighting Commercial
Alison HughesPresented by Denis van Es
Energy Research Centre
University of Cape Town
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OverviewExamples of current projects
Problems encounteredDiscussion
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ERC have M&Vd 10 Commercial lighting projectsCommercial offices / retail outlets
offices : 120 Plein Street (Parliamentbuildings, Cape Town)
target = 0.46 MWretail : Supermarket chain
target = 1.358 MW
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Lighting projects are largely energy efficiency, theyreduce demand whenever the lights are on
but
they can alter the hours of operation of the lights
NONE of our DSM projects alter the hours of use
Energy efficiency projects have a target MW reduction indemand but no specific peak reduction target
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Lighting projects can be either a retrofit or installation of asavings device
Retrofit - magnetic to electronic ballast
change of luminaire typereduction in the number of fittings
Savings device - connected in circuitalter the lighting hourslower the power drawn by the fittings
On completion lighting must comply with OccupationalHealth and Safety Act ( www.acts.co.za )
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Voltage Reduction Unit
Installed in a range of stores in mallsthroughout South Africa (158 stores)
Unit connected into lighting circuit
Lowers voltage and therefore also theenergy demand of lamps
Only works with magnetic ballasts
Energy saving of roughly 30%
Lowers light outputNo change in the hours of use or thenumber of lights
Examples
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National Supermarket Chain98 stores throughout thecountry participating(Approximately 46 000 Lightfittings)
Replacing magnetic withelectronic ballasts
No change in the hours of useor the number or type of lights
Anticipate 20 percent savings
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M&V of lighting projectsScoping document
Site visit to confirm
Lights currently in place
Current maintenance of lights
Light levels
M&V Plan
There may be a large number of sites and often they arewidespread,
do you need to visit all or can you use a sample?
If there are a large number of sites, it may take a long
time to collect the tariff information
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Baseline and post interventionsite visits
Typically meters are not installed on site asonly instantaneous measurements are
neededApproach differs depending on whether thereis a single or multiple sites
ANDwhether it is a retrofit or installation of asavings device
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Determining the baseline wherepower saving devices are installed
If there are several sites determine the numberof sites to visit
Is it possible to establish an average e.g.average power saved for each deviceinstalled
It may be possible to measure the baseline and
post intervention measurements during thesame site visit
Monitoring of light levels is very important with
these devices
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Determining the baseline wherethere is a retrofitIf there are multiple sites determine the number of sites at which
you need to take measurements to get a representative sampleOn site
Count the number of lights of each type
It often helps to have a site plan handy
Determine the average number of lights not working (inmost commercial sites lights are well maintained)
Measure selected circuits
Establish current hours of operation
If it is a retail store, lights often remain on outside ofnormal store trading hours
Light levels in the stores
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RMS meter (portable)Volts, amperes, power factor, power
Important to match current clamp to loadRecord
the DB number,
The circuit number you are measuring,
the number and type of lights on the circuit,
the number of lights not working on the circuit
Metered data is used to establish the average
W/fitting of each type of light on siteIt may not be possible to isolate circuits of a particulartype of fitting on site
Lux measurements
Metered Data
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Example of baseline measurements takenat National Supermarket Chain
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245
Volts
Watts
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Example of measurements taken at UCT
50
70
90
110
130
150170
200 210 220 230 240
volts
Watts
Low loss magnetic
Low power factor
Electronic
Electronic
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Savings CalculationsLights are either on or off
On = saving
Off = no saving
Establish tariff municipal or ESKOMMunicipal revised in July
ESKOM revised in January
Baseline and Post implementationDemand = Number of lights* watts per fitting
Energy = demand1 * number of hours1 + demand (afterhours) 2*number of hours2
(this calculation is performed for weekdays, Saturdays,Sundays and Public holidays)
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Typical Monthly Savings Sheet
Hours
per
mnth Savings Savings Tariff
kW
savings Savings TariffSavings
kVA
Total
Savings
days
hrs/
day days
hrs/
day days
hrs/
day days
hrs/
day days
hrs/
day hrs (W) (kWh)
R/
kWh (R) kVAR/
kVA (R) (R)
Store A 19 9.5 4 6 3 5 3 4 1 5 236.5 3820 903.4 0.31 280.06 4.39 0 0 280.06
Store B 19 10 4 9.15 3 4.5 3 4.5 1 4 257.6 1040 267.9 0.27 72.33 1.45 0 0 72.33
Store C 19 10 4 10 3 5 3 5 1 4 264.0 1880 496.3 0.29 143.93 2.39 0 0 143.93
Store D 19 9.75 4 9.5 3 5 3 5 1 4 257.3 1100 283.0 0.31 87.72 1.56 0 0 87.72
Total 1950.6 R 584.05
Sunday
Pub
HolidayWeekday Saturday Sunday
Weekday
Pub
Holiday
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Example of baseline and actualdemand profile
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
Hours (5:00am - 21:00)
kW
weekday baseline
weekday post
intervention
Saturday baseline
Saturday post
intervention
Sunday
Baseline
Sunday post intervention
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Problems EncounteredWhat is the baseline if many fittings are defective
What is the baseline if power reduction units are alreadyin place
Tariffs hard to obtain
Retail retrofits may have a long installation period(years), in this case do you begin with savings reportsbefore the installation is completed
If there is a long delay between the proposal by theESCo and the project approval, sites may have changedor been upgraded
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Can you use manufacturers data
Data is not collected in NMEC friendly format, there isno half hourly metered data
If the intervention causes the light levels to drop,where is the cut off
Savings do not occur over 24 hours and often do notcoincide with peak