Cases, Motherboards, and Power Supplies Frank McDaniel Joe Rubel Kyle McCarthy Zack Koontz.
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Transcript of Cases, Motherboards, and Power Supplies Frank McDaniel Joe Rubel Kyle McCarthy Zack Koontz.
Cases, Motherboards, and Power Supplies
Frank McDaniel
Joe RubelKyle McCarthy
Zack Koontz
Motherboard
• Everything in a PC connects to the motherboard• A thin, flat piece of circuit board• Usually green or gold
Motherboards I/O Interfaces
Motherboard Video/Audio (k)
Video• Video Slots
o Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)
o Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)
o Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) PCIe
• Built-In Video Card
Audio• Built in Audio on rear panel. • Most consist of 6 ports which
are: HDMI
IDE/ PATA (k)
IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) refers to the connector and interface definition, but also to the fact that the drive controller is integrated into the drive, as opposed to a separate controller on or connected to the motherboard ( 40-pin connectors )EIDE (Enhanced IDE)It supports data rates of between 4 and 16.6 MBps, about three to four times faster than the old IDE standard. In addition, it can support mass storage devices of up to 8.4 gigabytes
Parallel ATA (Parallel Attachment Packet Interface ) is an IDE standard for connecting storage devices like hard drives and optical drives to the motherboard. PATA generally refers to the types of cables and connections that follow this standard.
SATA (k)
eSATAKey benefits of eSATA• Up to 6 times faster than USB 2.0 or 1394• Robust and user-friendly external connection• High performance, cost-effective expansion storage• Up to 2 meter shielded cables and connectors
SATASerial Advanced Technology Attachment) is a computer bus interface for connecting host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives.
Raid (0, 1, and 5) (k)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpvUQUIzNDA Benifits of runing a RAID: • Increased, Integrated Capacity:• Improved Performance• Improved Availability:• Fault Tolerance• Higher Data Security:
Memory Slots (k)
RAM• DDR (Double Data Rate
SDRAM• Rambus DRAM (RDRAM)• DIMMs vs. RIMMs• SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM)
Expansion Slots• Expansion slots for PCs come in two
basic sizes: half- and full-size. Half-size slots are also called 8-bit slots because they can transfer 8 bits at a time. Full-size slots are sometimes called 16-bit slots.
BIOS / Firmware
Bios (basic input/output system)• First ran when computer
boots.• First job for the BIOS is to
initialize and identify system devices
• BIOS then locates software held on a peripheral device
• Information is stored on the motherboard which is non volatile
Users :o configure hardwareo set the system clocko enable or disable system
componentso select which devices are
eligible to be a potential boot device
o set various password prompts
BIOS / Firmware (k)Firmware:is a combination of software and hardware. Computer chips that have data or programs recorded on them are firmware. These chips commonly include the following:• ROMs (read-only memory)• PROMs (programmable read-
only memory)• EPROMs (erasable
programmable read-only memory)
Computer Cases
•Desktop•Tower•Portable
Desktop Computer Cases
• Dektop PCs are set platforms• Hardware expansion is
limited• Aimed at Businesses that
require uniformity or basic users
• External Bays • Internal Bays • Various Cooling features
Towers • Mini Tower
• Full Tower
• Mid Tower
3 Different types of Towers
COOL Cases!!
Processor Sockets - Intel and AMD
At the beginning, a CPU socket was compatible with just one kind of processor. However, it has changed since.
Definition - the connector on a motherboard that houses a CPU and forms the electrical interface and contact with the CPU
Processor socket 370
Processor sockets use a pin grid array (PGA) where pins on the underside of the processor connect to holes in the processor socket
Bus Architecture
In computer architecture, a bus is a subsystem that transfers data between computer components inside a computer or between computers
Buses can be parallel buses, which carry data words in parallel on multiple wires, or serial buses, which carry data in bit serial form
4 PCI express bus card slots (very top) compared to a 32-bit conventional PCI bus card slot (very bottom)
AMR and CNR
AMRAudio Modem Riser- An Intel specification that defines a new architecture for the design of motherboards AMR lets manufacturers create motherboards without analog I/O functions. Instead, these functions are placed on a separate card
CNRCommunication and Networking Riser - Developed by Intel, CNR is a riser card for ATX family motherboardsThe specification is supported by OEMS, Microsoft and silicon suppliers
AMR vs CNR
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGRAygphliY&playnext=1&list=PL1D6CA5E9EBEE8F15
Riser Card and Daughter Board
Riser CardAn expansion card that is used to extend a slot for a chip or card in a fully loaded computer to make room to plug it in. It may also refer to a card that contains several slots used in low-profile, space-saving cabinets
DaughterBoard
A printed circuit board that plugs into another circuit board (usually the motherboard). A daughtercard is similar to an expansion board, but it accesses the motherboard components (memory and CPU) directly instead of sending data through the slower expansion bus.
DC Voltage Power Supply
• PCs use DC Voltage. This means that a power supply must be able to supply a constant "Direct Current" to power the computer.
ATX Power Supply
ATX Power Supplies• Originally had a single 20-
pin cable.• Also use soft power. Always
have 5 volts running to the motherboard
• When the power switch is hit, the BIOS takes over and uses the software to power the computer
Voltage Selector Switch
• US uses 110-120 Volts of AC voltage • Elsewhere, the use of 220-240 volts is more common• If the computer uses 110 volts and the switch is set to 230, the
system will simply struggle to function and will not turn on properly.
• HOWEVER, if the system uses 230 volts and the switch is set to 110, there will be a catastrophic failure of the power supply.
when power supplies go wrong!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVN6eOEPins
Form Factor
• Relates to the size and shape of a motherboard• Some are specific to individual manufacturers • Need same form factor for motherboard and case • As of 2007, most desktop computers use ATX form factor
Form Factor examples
Form factor Originated Size
AT(Advanced Technology) IBM 1984 12x11-13 in
ATX Intel 1996 12x9.6 in
microATX Intel 1996 9.6x9.6 in
NLX Intel 1999 8-9x10-13.6 in
BTX(Balanced Technology Extended) Intel 2004 12.8x10.5 in
PCI/104 Express
PC/104 Consortium 2008 3.8x3.6
Form Factor examples
Form Factor Notes
AT Obsolete, created by IBM for the IBM personal computer. Superseded by ATX
ATX Created by Intel. As of 2007, it is the most popular form factor
microATX Small variant of the ATX (25% shorter). Has fewer slots than ATX for a smaller power supply.
NLXA low-profile design released in 1997. It also
incorporated a riser for expansion cards, and never became popular.
BTX According to Intel the layout has better cooling. BTX Boards are flipped in comparison to ATX Boards
PCI/104 Express
Used in embedded systemsPCI Express architecture adapted to vibration-tolerant
header connectors.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNgvJUxlMmo
CMOS Battery
• Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor• Powers small memory on the motherboard that is used to store
BIOS settings • Is for when the power is shut off• Also stores the real-time date and clock• The CMOS RAM and the real-time clock have been integrated as
a part of the southbridge chipset and it may not be a standalone chip on a modern motherboard
PCMCIA• Stands for Personal Computer Memory Card International
Association• The group of companies that defined and developed the standard • Jokingly referred to as "People Can't Memorize Computer
Industry Acronyms"• These cards are used for wireless connectivity, modem and other
functions in laptop/notebook PCs• The PCMCIA was dissolved in 2009
Works Cited
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/CPU_socket.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_(computing)http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/AMR.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/daughtercard.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pcmciahttp://www.serialata.org/technology/esata.asp http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATX