Cases , Consti for Saturday

8/21/2019 Cases , Consti for Saturday

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October 4, 2002FIRST DIVISION

[G. R. No.107764. October 4, 2002]

EDNA COLLADO, ERNARDINA TA!AS, "ORETO C. TORRES,

"OSE A#O, SERGIO L. #ONTEALEGRE, VICENTE C. TORRES,

"OSE$% L. N&'E(, GLORIA SERRANO, DANILO FAREGAS,

FERNANDO T. TORRES, L&( G. T&&NGAN&A, CARIDAD T.

T&TANA, "OSE C. TORRES, "R., I#ELDA CA)LAL&AD,ROSALIE T&TANA, NOR#A ASTORIAS, #)RNA #. LANCION,

NORERTO CA#ILOTE, CECILIA #ACARANAS, $EDRO

RIONES, RE#EDIOS ANTIG&E, DANTE L. #ONTEALEGRE,

AIDA T. GADON, AR#ANDO T. TORRES *+ FIDELITO

ECO, petitioners, vs. CO&RT OF A$$EALS *+ RE$&LIC OF

T%E $%ILI$$INES, t-r t-e D/rector o L*+, respondents,

OCASAN"O ISF A!ARDEES ASSOCIATION, INC., LITA

#ENDO(A, #ORADO $REFIDIGNO, TERESITA CR&( *+

CALO#A #OISES,respondents/intervernors.

D E C I S I O N

CAR$IO, ".3

T-e C*e

T-/ $et/t/o+ ee to et */e t-e Dec//o+ o t-e Cort o

A55e*, *te "+e 22, 12, /+ CA8G.R. S$ No. 2997,

:-/c- ec*re + *+ ;o/ t-e Dec//o+ *te "*+*r<

=0, 11 o t-e Re>/o+* Tr/* Cort o A+t/5oo, R/?*,

r*+c- 71, /+ LRC No. 268A, LRC Rec. No. N8917,


2/294

co+@r/+> t-e /5erect t/te o 5et/t/o+er o;er * 5*rce o

*+.

T-e F*ct

O+ A5r/ 29, 1B9, 5et/t/o+er E+* T. Co*o @e :/t- t-e

*+ re>/tr*t/o+ cort *+ *55/c*t/o+ or re>/tr*t/o+ o *

5*rce o *+ :/t- *+ *55ro/*te *re* o 1,200,766

*re eter or 120.0766 -ect*re Lot or bre;/t*< S*+ I/ro orer< +o:+ *

oo8booH, A+t/5oo, R/?*, *+ co;ere b< Sr;e< $*+$8162620.Att*c-e to t-e *55/c*t/o+ :* t-e tec-+/c*

ecr/5t/o+ o t-e Lot * Lot $8162620 />+e b< Robert

C. $*+>e o t-e Sr;e< D/;//o+,

re* o L*+, :-/c- t*te, “ [t]his survey is inside

IN-12 Mariquina Watershed.O+ #*rc- 24, 1B6,

5et/t/o+er E+* T. Co*o @e *+ Ae+e A55/c*t/o+ to

/+ce */t/o+* co8*55/c*+t. Sbee+t- /t

#+/c/5* Attor+e< *+ t-e $ro;/+c/* F/c* o R/?*, @e

o55o/t/o+ to 5et/t/o+erK *55/c*t/o+.I+ e core, t-e*+ re>/tr*t/o+ cort /e *+ orer o >e+er* e*t

*>*/+t t-e :-oe :or :/t- t-e ece5t/o+ o t-e

o55o/tor.

$et/t/o+er *e>e t-*t t-e< -*;e occ5/e t-e Lot /+ce

t/e /eor/*.T-e/r 5oe/o+ -* bee+ o5e+, 5b/c,

+otor/o *+ /+ t-e co+ce5t o o:+er.T-e Lot :*


3/294

r;e tot-e, t-ere *re +o: t:e+t t-e -e*r/+>,

5et/t/o+er b/tte e;/e+ce to 5ro;e t-*t t-ere -*;e

bee+ +/+e tr*+er o r/>-t *o+> t-e *+ t-e/r

5reeceor8/+8/+teret, * oo:3

1.SESINANDO LEYVA :* t-e e*r/et +o:+

5reeceor8/+8/+teret o t-e A55/c*+t :-o :* /+ *ct*,

o5e+, +otor/o *+ co+t/+o 5oe/o+ o t-e 5ro5ert<

/+ t-e co+ce5t o o:+er.%e -* t-e property surveyed /+

-/ +*e o+22 March 1902 E-/b/t ! *+ !81

tet/o+/e o ". Torre o+ 16 Deceber 1B7 *+ #*r/*+o

Le !or !*r II.%e o:+e

*+possessed t-e 5ro5ert< u!t, 19-#.%e ec*re t-e

5ro5ert< or t* 5r5oe, t-e *tet o :-/c-

:*+er )a Dec,arato! No. /1#2 /e o+ %

eruary 19-/ E-/b/t I *+ tet/o+< o #*r/*+o

Le


4/294

.AN&ELINA 'EYNOSO, bo>-t t-e 5ro5ert< ro

Gre>or/o C**+t/e b< ;/rte o * Deed o3 Sa,e o+ %

eruary 19-# E-/b/t %H.Dr/+> t-e o:+er-/5 o t-e

5ro5ert< b< A+>e/+* Rer*+o+ o Se/+*+o Le


5/294

*+ A#ELIA #. #ALA$AD bo>-t porto!s o t-e 5ro5ert<

/+ * Deed o3 Sa,e o+ 12 May 19#5 E-/b/t S to S8=H.

9.Co8o:+er DIOSDADO ARENOS, RODRIGO T&TANA,

C%ONA #ARCIANO *+ A#ELIA #ALA$AD Jo/+t< o t-e/r-*re to +e: O!NERS GLORIA R. SERRANO, I#ELDA

CA)LAL&AD, NORERTO CA#ILOTE *+ FIDELITO ECO

t-ro>- * Deed o3 Sa,e *te 1B "*+*r< 1B7 E-/b/t

T to T8H.

Dr/+> t-e -e*r/+> o+ "*+*r< , 11, o+< t-e */t*+t

5ro;/+c/* 5roector *55e*re :/t-ot t-e So/c/tor

Ge+er*.For */re o t-e o55o/tor to 5ree+t t-e/r

e;/e+ce, t-e *+ re>/tr*t/o+ cort /e *+ orer

co+/er/+> t-e c*e b/tte or ec//o+ b*e o+ t-e

e;/e+ce o t-e 5et/t/o+er.T-e cort *ter et */e t-e

orer *+ reet t-e -e*r/+> to "*+*r< 14, 11 or t-e

5ree+t*t/o+ o t-e e;/e+ce o t-e o55o/tor.O+ t-/ *te,

co+e or o55o/tor */e to *55e*r *>*/+ e5/te e+ot/ce.%e+ce, t-e cort *>*/+ /e *+ orer b/tt/+>

t-e c*e or ec//o+ b*e o+ t-e e;/e+ce o t-e

5et/t/o+er.

T-e Tr/* CortK R/+>

Ater *55r*/* o t-e e;/e+ce b/tte b< 5et/t/o+er,

t-e *+ re>/tr*t/o+ cort -e t-*t 5et/t/o+er -**ce c/e+t e;/e+ce to et*b/- t-e/r re>/tr*be

r/>-t o;er t-e Lot.Accor/+> t-e /5erect t/te o 5et/t/o+er.!e

ote t-e 5ert/+e+t 5ort/o+ o t-e cortK ec//o+, *

oo:3


6/294

Fro t-e e;/e+ce 5ree+te, t-e Cort @+ t-*t ro

t-e tet/o+< o t-e :/t+ee 5ree+te b< t-e

A55/c*+t, t-e 5ro5ert< *55/e or / /+ *ct*, o5e+,

5b/c *+ +otor/o 5oe/o+ b< t-e *55/c*+t *+ t-e/r5reeceor8/+8/+teret /+ce t/e /eor/* *+ */

5oe/o+ -* bee+ tet/@e to b< :/t+ee "/< Torre,

#*r/*+o Le/o #o+te*e>re, "oe Ao *+ o+e

C-o+* :-o :ere * cro8e*/+e b< Co+e or

O55o/tor Re5b/c o t-e $-//55/+e.

E;/e+ce :* /e:/e 5ree+te t-*t */ 5ro5ert< :*

ec*re or t**t/o+ 5r5oe /+ t-e +*e o t-e 5re;/o

o:+er *+ t-e corre5o+/+> t*e :ere 5*/ b< t-e

A55/c*+t *+ t-e 5re;/o o:+er *+ */ 5ro5ert< :*

5*+te to r/t be*r/+> treeM 5ort/o+ to 5**< *+

5ort/o+ e or >r*?/+> 5r5oe.

To t-e /+ o t-e Cort, A55/c*+t -*;e 5ree+te

c/e+t e;/e+ce to et*b/- re>/tr*be t/te o;er */

5ro5ert< *55/e or b< t-e.

O+ t-e c*/ t-*t t-e 5ro5ert< *55/e or / :/t-/+ t-e

#*r//+* !*ter-e, t-e Cort c*+ o+< * t-*t *

$re/e+t/* $roc**t/o+ /e t-e $roc**t/o+ ett/+>*/e t-e #*r//+* !*ter-e *re bJect to 5r/;*te

r/>-t.

I+ t-e c*e o #+/c/5*/t< o S*+t/*>o ;. Cort o A55e*,

120 SCRA 7=4, 1B= 5r/;*te r/>-t / 5roo o *c//t/o+

t-ro>- /cH *o+> e*+ o *c//t/o+ o 5b/c *+.


7/294

I+ t-e c*e o D/rector o L*+ ;. Re-t e*+ t-*t *55/c*+t -o -o:

ce*r *+ co+;/+c/+> e;/e+ce t-*t t-e 5ro5ert< /+ et/o+

:* *c/re b< *55/c*+t or t-e/r *+cetor e/t-er b<co5o/t/o+ t/te ro t-e S5*+/- >o;er+e+t or b<

$oeor< I+or*t/o+ t/te, or *+< ot-er e*+ or t-e

*c//t/o+ o 5b/c *+ +ercor/+> 55/eH.

T-e Cort be/e;e t-*t ro t-e e;/e+ce 5ree+te *

*bo;e t*te, A55/c*+t -*;e *c/re 5r/;*te r/>-t to

:-/c- t-e $re/e+t/* $roc**t/o+ ett/+> */e t-e

#*r//+* !*ter-e -o be bJect to c- 5r/;*te

r/>-t.

At *+< r*te, t-e Cort +ote t-*t e;/e+ce :* 5ree+te

b< t-e *55/c*+t t-*t * 5er Cert/@c*t/o+ /e b< t-e

re* o Foret De;eo5e+t *te #*rc- 1B, 1B0, t-e

*re* *55/e or :* ;er/@e to be :/t-/+ t-e *re* ecero t-e o5er*t/o+ o t-e #*r//+* !*ter-e L*+

Eect/;e Orer No. == *te "< 26, 104 5er

$roc**t/o+ No. 12B= 5ro>*te o+ "+e 21, 174

:-/c- et*b/-e t-e oo8boo To:+ S/te Reer;*t/o+,

*e+e b< $roc**t/o+ No. 16=7 *te A5r/ 1B, 177

+o:+ * t-e L+>o S/*+>*+ To:+/te Reer;*t/o+.

E-/b/t H.

I+ * ot/o+ *te A5r/ 9, 11, rece/;e b< t-e So/c/tor

Ge+er* o+ A5r/ 6, 11, 5et/t/o+er *e>e t-*t t-e

ec//o+ *te "*+*r< =0, 11 co+@r/+> t-e/r t/te -*

becoe @+* *ter t-e So/c/tor Ge+er* rece/;e * co5< o

t-e ec//o+ o+ Febr*r< 1B, 11.$et/t/o+er 5r*/tr*t/o+ cort orer t-e L*+ Re>/tr*t/o+


8/294

At-or/t< to /e t-e +ece*r< ecree /+ t-e/r *;or o;er

t-e Lot.

O+ A5r/ 11, 11, t-e So/c/tor Ge+er* /+/re ro t-e$ro;/+c/* $roector o R/?* :-et-er t-e *+ re>/tr*t/o+

cort -* *re*< re+ere * ec//o+ *+ / o, :-et-er

t-e $ro;/+c/* $roector :o recoe+ *+

*55e*.%o:e;er, t-e $ro;/+c/* $roector */e to *+:er

t-e er to t-e So/c/tor Ge+er*, -e rece/;e o+ A5r/ 2=,11 * co5< o t-e *+ re>/tr*t/o+ cortK ec//o+ *te

"*+*r< =0, 11, *+ +ot o+ Febr*r< 1B, 11 * *e>e

b< 5et/t/o+er/+ t-e/r ot/o+.

I+ t-e e*+t/e, o+ #*< 7, 11, t-e *+ re>/tr*t/o+

cort /e *+ orer /rect/+> t-e L*+ Re>*t/o+

At-or/t< to /e t-e corre5o+/+> ecree o re>/tr*t/o+

/+ *;or o t-e 5et/t/o+er.

O+ A>t 6, 11, t-e So/c/tor Ge+er* @e :/t- t-e

Cort o A55e* * $et/t/o+ or A++e+t o ">e+t

5r*+t to Sect/o+ 2H o $ >. 12 o+ t-e >ro+ t-*t

t-ere -* bee+ +o ce*r -o:/+> t-*t t-e Lot -* bee+

5re;/o< c*/@e * */e+*be *+ /5o*be */+> /t

bJect to 5r/;*te *55ro5r/*t/o+.

O+ No;eber 2, 11, oc**+Jo ISF A:*ree

Aoc/*t/o+, I+c., *+ *oc/*t/o+ o -oer o cert/@c*te o

te:*r-/5 /e b< t-eDe5*rte+t o E+;/ro+e+t *+

N*tr* Reorce DENR or bre;/tr*teSoc/* Foretr< $ro>r* ISF or bre;/t


9/294

Cort o A55e* * #ot/o+ or Le*;e to I+ter;e+e *+ to

A/t $et/t/o+8I+8I+ter;e+t/o+.T-e< /e:/e o55oe t-e

re>/tr*t/o+ *+ *erte t-*t t-e Lot, :-/c- / /t*te

/+/e t-e #*r//+* !*ter-e Reer;*t/o+, / /+*/e+*be. T-e< c*/e t-*t t-e< *re t-e *ct* occ5*+t o t-e Lot

5r*+t to t-e cert/@c*te o te:*r-/5 /e b< t-e

DENR +er t-e ISF or tree 5*+t/+> 5r5oe.

T-e Cort o A55e* >r*+te t-e ot/o+ to /+ter;e+e

;erb*< r/+> t-e 5re//+*r< co+ere+ce -e o+ A5r/ 6,

12.Dr/+> t-e 5re//+*r< co+ere+ce, * t-e 5*rt/e *

re5ree+te b< t-e/r re5ect/;e co+e *>ree t-*t t-e

o+< /e or reot/o+ :* :-et-er t-e Lot /+ et/o+ /

5*rt o t-e 5b/c o*/+.

T-e Cort o A55e*K R/+>

I+ * ec//o+ *te "+e 22, 12, t-e Cort o A55e*

>r*+te t-e 5et/t/o+ *+ ec*re + *+ ;o/ t-e ec//o+

*te "*+*r< =0, 11 o t-e *+ re>/tr*t/o+ cort. T-e

Cort o A55e* e5*/+e t-3

&+er t-e Re>*/*+ Doctr/+e, :-/c- / e+-r/+e /+ t-e

1=9 Art. III, Sec. 1H, 17= Art. IV, Sec. BH, *+ 1B7

Co+t/tt/o+ Art. II, Sec. 2H, * *+ o t-e 5b/c o*/+beo+> to t-e St*te.A+ *55/c*+t, /e t-e 5r/;*te

re5o+e+t -ere/+, or re>/tr*t/o+ o * 5*rce o *+

be*r t-e bre+ o o;erco/+> t-e 5re5t/o+ t-*t t-e

*+ o>-t to be re>/tere or 5*rt o t-e 5b/c

o*/+ D/rector o L*+ ;. A/+o, 12 SCRA 26H.


10/294

A 5o/t/;e Act o >o;er+e+t / +eee to ec*/< *

5b/c *+ *+ to co+;ert /t /+to */e+*be or /5o*be

*+ or *>r/ctr* or ot-er 5r5oe Re5b/c ;. *c*,

176 SCRA =76H.

I+ t-e c*e *t b*r, t-e 5r/;*te re5o+e+t */e to 5ree+t

*+< e;/e+ce :-*toe;er t-*t t-e *+ *55/e or *

ecr/be /+ $8162620 -* bee+ e>re>*te ro t-e

b o t-e 5b/c o*/+ *+ ec*re b< co5ete+t

*t-or/t< to be */e+*be *+ /5o*be. !ore, t-e

tec-+/c* ecr/5t/o+ o $8162620 />+e b< Robert C.

$*+>e, Sr;e< D/;//o+, re* o

L*+, :-/c- :* *tt*c-e to t-e *55/c*t/o+ o 5r/;*te

re5o+e+t, c*te>or/c*< t*te t-*t T-/ r;e< / /+/e

IN812 #*r//+* !*ter-e.

T-*t t-e *+ /+ et/o+ / :/t-/+ t-e #*r//+* !*ter-e

Reer;*t/o+ / co+@re b< t-e A/+/tr*tor o t-e

N*t/o+* L*+ T/te *+ Dee /+ * Re5ort, *te #*rc- 2,

1BB, b/tte to t-e re5o+e+t Cort /+ LR C*e No.

268A.T-ee oce+tre*/< *+ ePect/;e< +e>*te t-e

*e>*t/o+ /+ 5r/;*tere5o+e+t Co*oK *55/c*t/o+ t-*t

*/ 5*rce o *+ +o:+ * $8162620 / +ot co;ere b<

*+< or o t/te, +or *+< 5b/c *+ *55/c*t/o+ *+*re +ot:/t-/+ *+< >o;er+e+t reer;*t/o+ $*r. B, A55/c*t/o+M

E5-*/ 55/eH.T-e re5o+e+t cort co +ot -*;e

/e t-e /5ort o t-ee ;/t* oce+t :-/c- *re

b/+/+> 5o+ t-e cort /+*c- * /t / t-e ec/;e

5rero>*t/;e o t-e Eect/;e De5*rte+t to c*/< 5b/c

*+.T-e< -o -*;e ore:*r+e t-e re5o+e+t J>e

ro */+> Jr//ct/o+ o;er t-e c*e.


11/294

/+*c- * t-e */ 5ro5ert/e *55/e or b<

5et/t/o+er *re 5*rt o t-e 5b/c o*/+, /t / t-e D/rector

o L*+ :-o -* Jr//ct/o+ /+ t-e /5o/t/o+ o t-e *e

bJect to t-e *55ro;* o t-e Secret*r< o N*tr*Reorce *+ E+;/ro+e+tH, *+ +ot t-e cort. E;e+

*/+> t-*t 5et/t/o+er /-*;e t-e */ 5ro5ert/e

r;e, c*++ot

co+;ert t-e *e /+to 5r/;*te 5ro5ert*+ ;. Cort o A55e*.172 SCRA

96=M E5-*/55/eH.

Neee to *e+t *< be *++e o+ t-e

>ro+ o *c o Jr//ct/o+, r* or t-*t /t / co+tr*r< to*: $*+//o ;. G*rc/*, 11 SCRA =B7, =1H *+ * ec//o+

re+ere :/t-ot Jr//ct/o+ / * tot* +/t< *+ *< be

trc o:+ *t *+< t/e S*re? ;. Cort o A55e*, 1B6

SCRA ==H.

%e+ce, t-e /+t*+t 5et/t/o+.

T-e Ie T-e /e r*/e b< 5et/t/o+er *re ret*te * oo:3

!%ET%ER T%E CO&RT OF A$$EALS ERRED OR GRAVEL)

A&SED ITS DISCRETION IN REVERSING T%E DECISION OF

T%E TRIAL CO&RT GRANTING T%E A$$LICATION OF T%E

$ETITIONERS FOR CONFIR#ATION OF TITLEM


12/294


A&SED ITS DISCRETION IN GIVING D&E CO&RSE TO T%E

$ETITION FOR ANN&L#ENT OF "&DG#ENT FILED ) T%E

RE$&LIC LONG AFTER T%E DECISION OF T%E TRIAL CO&RT%AD ECO#E FINALM


A&SED ITS DISCRETION IN GIVING D&E CO&RSE TO T%E

INTERVENORSK $ETITION FOR INTERVENTION !%IC% !AS

FILED O&T OF TI#E OR LONG AFTER T%E DECISION OF T%E

TRIAL CO&RT %AD ECO#E FINAL.

T-e CortK R/+>

T-e 5et/t/o+ / beret o er/t.

First Issue:whether petitioners have registrabe tite

over the !ot.

T-ere / +o /5te t-*t Eect/;e Orer No. == EO ==

or bre;/t


13/294

*+ o:+er-/5 o;er t-e Lot. T-e< c*/ t-*t t-e

5re5t/o+ o *: t-e+ 5re;*//+> +ert-e $-//55/+e /

o 102 *+$b/c L*+ ActNo. 26 :* t-*t t-e *+

5oee *+ c*/e b< /+/;/* * t-e/r o:+ *re*>r/ctr* *+ *+ t-ereore */e+*be *+

/5o*be.T-e< co+ce t-*t 5r/;*te r/>-t :ere ;ete

o+ Se/+*+o Le t-e Lot ro t-e #*r//+* !*ter-e Reer;*t/o+.

$et/t/o+erK *r>e+t @+ +o b*/ /+ *:.

"he #egaian $o%trine: &n 'verview

&+er t-e Re>*/*+ Doctr/+e, * *+ +ot ot-er:/e

*55e*r/+> to be ce*r< :/t-/+ 5r/;*te o:+er-/5 *re

5ree to beo+> to t-e St*te. T-e S5*+/*r @rt

/+troce t-e octr/+e to t-e $-//55/+e t-ro>- t-e Laws

of the Indies and the Royal Cedulas, 5ec/@c*r*+t, beo+> to t-e 5b/c o*/+. &5o+ t-e S5*+/-

co+et o t-e $-//55/+e, o:+er-/5 o * *+,

terr/tor/e *+ 5oe/o+ /+ t-e $-//55/+e 5*e to t-e

S5*+/- Cro:+. T-e Laws of the Indies :ere oo:e b< t-e Ley

#ipote"aria or t-e $ort%a%e Law of 1&'(. T-e S5*+/-

#ort>*>e L*: 5ro;/e or t-e /tr*t/o+ o

t/te *+ ee * :e * 5oeor< c*/.T-e Ro*>e L*: * :e * t-e L*: o t-e I+/e. T-e #*r*

L*: :* t-e *t S5*+/- *+ *: 5ro>*te /+ t-e


14/294

$-//55/+e.It re/re t-e *Jte+t or re>/tr*t/o+ o

* *>r/ctr* *+, ot-er:/e t-e *+ :o re;ert to

t-e t*te.

For o;er+e+t o t-e&+/te St*te * r/>-t, /+teret *+ c*/ o;er t-e

+*t/o+* terr/tor< o t-e $-//55/+e I*+ t-ro>-t-e Tre*t<

o $*r/ o Deceber 10, 1BB.I+ 10=, t-e &+/te St*te

coo+/* >o;er+e+t, t-ro>- t-e $-//55/+e Co//o+,

5*e Act No. 26, t-e @rt $b/c L*+ Act, :-/c- :*

ecr/be * oo:3

Act No. 26, t-e @rt $b/c L*+ Act, :* 5*e /+

5r*+ce o t-e 5ro;//o+ o t-e $-//55/+e / o

102.T-e *: >o;er+e t-e /5o/t/o+ o *+ o t-e

5b/c o*/+.It 5recr/be re *+ re>*t/o+ or t-e

-oete*/+>, e/+> *+ e*/+> o 5ort/o+ o t-e 5b/c

o*/+ ot-e $-//55/+e I*+, *+ 5recr/be t-e ter*+ co+/t/o+ to e+*be 5ero+ to 5erect t-e/r t/te to

5b/c *+ /+ t-e I*+.It *o 5ro;/e or t-e /*+ce

o 5*te+t to cert*/+ +*t/;e etter 5o+ 5b/c *+, or

t-e et*b/-e+t o to:+ /te *+ *e o ot t-ere/+, or

t-e co5et/o+ o /5erect t/te, *+ or t-e c*+ce*t/o+

or co+@r*t/o+ o S5*+/- co+ce/o+ *+ >r*+t /+ t-e

I*+.I! short$ the ;u,c La!d Act operated o! theassu6pto! that tt,e to pu,c ,a!ds ! the

;h,pp!e Is,a!ds re6a!ed ! the 4over!6e!t> a!d

that the 4over!6e!t?s tt,e to pu,c ,a!dspru!4

3ro6 the )reaty o3 ;arsa!d other suse@ue!t

treates et:ee! Spa! a!d the +!ted States. T-e

ter 5b/c *+ reerre to * *+ o t-e 5b/c o*/+

:-oe t/te t/ re*/+e /+ t-e >o;er+e+t *+ *re


15/294

t-ro:+ o5e+ to 5r/;*te *55ro5r/*t/o+ *+ ettee+t, *+

ecet-e 5*tr/o+/* 5ro5ert< o t-e >o;er+e+t *+

t-e r/*r *+.

T-, /t / 5*/+ error or 5et/t/o+er to *r>e t-*t +er t-e$-//55/+e / o 102 *+ $b/c L*+ Act No. 26, ere

5oe/o+ b< 5r/;*te /+/;/* o *+ cre*te t-e e>*

5re5t/o+ t-*t t-e *+ *re */e+*be *+ /5o*be.

Act 2B74, t-e eco+ $b/c L*+ Act, 5eree Act No.

26 /+ 11. Ater t-e 5**>e o t-e 1=9 Co+t/tt/o+,

Coo+:e*t- Act No. 141 CA 141 or bre;/t >e+er* *: >o;er+/+> t-e

c*/@c*t/o+ *+ /5o/t/o+ o *+ o t-e 5b/c o*/+

ot-er t-*+ t/ber *+ /+er* *+.

I+ t-e e*+t/e, /+ orer to et*b/- * /tr*t/o+ b< :-/c- recore t/te becoe *bote,

/+ee*/be *+ /5recr/5t/be, t-e e>/*tre 5*e Act

46, ot-er:/e +o:+ * t-e L*+ Re>/tr*t/o+ Act, :-/c-

too ePect o+ Febr*r< 1, 10=.Act 46 5*ce *

re>/tere *+ /+ t-e $-//55/+e +er t-e Torre+

t-*t t-e 5ero+ +*e /+t-e t/te / t-e o:+er o t-e 5ro5ert< ecr/be t-ere/+,

bJect to /e+ *+ e+cbr*+ce *++ot*te o+ t-e t/te or

reer;e b< *:.T-e cert/@c*te o t/te / /+ee*/be *+

/5recr/5t/be *+ * c*/ to t-e 5*rce o *+ *re

/ete 5o+ /*+ce o t-e cert/@c*te. $D 192, +o:+

* t-e $ro5ert< Re>/tr*t/o+ Decree e+*cte o+ "+e 11,

17B, *e+e *+ 5*te Act 46.


16/294

"he 1()*+ 1(,)+ 1(, hiippine /onstitutions

T-e 1=9, 17= *+ 1B7 Co+t/tt/o+ *o5te t-e

Re>*/*+ octr/+e bt/tt/+>, -o:e;er, t-e t*te, /+ /e o

t-e /+>, * t-e o:+er o * *+ *+ :*ter o t-e 5b/co*/+. "t/ce Re obJect/;e o t-e 1=9

Co+t/tt/o+* Co+;e+t/o+ :* t-e +*t/o+*/?*t/o+ *+

co+er;*t/o+ o t-e +*tr* reorce o t-e co+tr


17/294

1B7 Co+t/tt/o+ re*re t-e Re>*/*+ octr/+e /+

Sect/o+ 2 o Art/ce II o+ N*t/o+* Eco+o< *+

$*tr/o+r/ctr* *+

o t-e 5b/c o*/+.T-e 1B7 Co+t/tt/o+ re*o5te t-/

5o/c to t-e St*te.

Watershed #eservation is a Natura #esour%e

T-e ter +*tr* reorce /+ce +ot o+< t/ber, >*,

o/ co*, /+er*, *e, *+ ber>e *+, bt *o,

e*tre :-/c- 55< * -*+ +ee *+ co+tr/bte to t-e

-e*t-, :e*re, *+ be+e@t o * co+/t t-ereo *+ 5ro5er e+Joe o RA No. 6697 or t-eCo5re-e+/;e A>r*r/*+ Reor L*: CARL or

bre;/t+/?e t-*t3

T-e e@+/t/o+ oe +ot e*ct< e5/ct t-e co5e/t/e o

* :*ter-e.T-e ot /5ort*+t 5roct o * :*ter-e /

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18/294

:*ter :-/c- / o+e o t-e ot /5ort*+t -*+

+ece/t/eH.T-e 5rotect/o+ o :*ter-e e+re *+

*e*te 55< o :*ter or tre >e+er*t/o+ *+ t-e

co+tro o Q*-Qoo t-*t +ot o+< **>e 5ro5ert< bt*o c*e o o /;e.$rotect/o+ o :*ter-e / *+

/+ter>e+er*t/o+* re5o+/b//t< t-*t +ee to be

*+:ere +o:.

Art/ce 67 o t-e !*ter Coe o t-e $-//55/+e $D 1067H

5ro;/e3

Art. 67.A+< :*ter-e or *+< *re* o *+ *J*ce+t to *+<

r*ce :*ter or o;er *+< >ro+ :*ter *< be

ec*re b< t-e De5*rte+t o N*tr* Reorce * *

5rotecte *re*.Re *+ Re>*t/o+ *< be 5ro>*te

b< c- De5*rte+t to 5ro-/b/t or co+tro c- *ct/;/t/e b<

t-e o:+er or occ5*+t t-ereo :/t-/+ t-e 5rotecte *re*

:-/c- *< **>e or c*e t-e eter/or*t/o+ o t-e

r*ce :*ter or >ro+ :*ter or /+terere :/t- t-e

/+;et/>*t/o+, e, co+tro, 5rotect/o+, *+*>ee+t or

*/+/tr*t/o+ o c- :*ter.

T-e Cort /+ ta. #osa #eaty *o reco>+/?e t-e +ee to

5rotect :*ter-e *re* *+ too +ote o t-e re5ort o t-eEco*r/+> t-e e+;/ro+e+t*

*ee+t o t-e C*/e *+ *b*+>*8*+ r/;er :*ter-e

/+;o;e /+ t-*t c*e.T-*t re5ort co+ce * oo:3

T-e C*/e b*r*+>*< co;ere b< CLOA /+ et/o+ /

/t*te /+ t-e -e*rt*+ o bot- :*ter-e.Co+/er/+>

t-e b*r*+>*tb/> :*ter:or,


19/294

t-e *ct/;/t/e o t-e *rer :-/c- *re /+ co+Q/ct :/t-

5ro5er o/ *+ :*ter co+er;*t/o+ 5r*ct/ce Jeo5*r/?e *+

e+*+>er t-e ;/t* :*ter:or.De>r**t/o+ o t-e *+

:o -*;e obe e>e etr/e+t* ePect.O+ t-e C*/e/e t-/ :o e*+ /rect /t*t/o+ o t-e #*+>/t r/;er

:-/c- r*/+ to t-e :*ter /5o+/+> reer;o/r beo:. O+

t-e *b*+>*8*+ /e, t-/ :o e*+ etrct/o+ o oret

co;er :-/c- *ct * rec-*r>e *re* o t-e #*t*+>tb/>

5r/+>.Co+/er/+> t-*t t-e 5eo5e -*;e /tte / +o /rect

/+teret /+ t-e 5rotect/o+ o t-e #*t*+>tb/> trctre

t-e< co+Kt c*re e e;e+ / /t :o be etro*8*+ :*ter-e c*+ be co+/ere

* ot ;/t* /e 55ort /;e+ 5rec/o reorce :*ter.

Ce*r/+> *+ t//+> o t-e *+ *re tot*< /+co+/te+t :/t-

o+ :*ter-e *+*>ee+t.#ore o, t-e /+troct/o+ o

e*rt- /trb/+> *ct/;/t/e /e ro* b//+> *+ erect/o+ o

5er*+e+t /+r*trctre.&+e t-e 5er+/c/o

*>r/ctr* *ct/;/t/e o t-e C*/e *rer *re /e/*te<

to55e, /t :o +ot be o+> beore t-ee :*ter-e:o ce*e to be o ;*e.T-e /5*ct o :*ter-e

e>r**t/o+ t-re*te+ t-e /;e/-oo o t-o*+ o 5eo5e

e5e+e+t 5o+ /t.To:*r t-/, :e -o5e t-*t *+ *cce5t*be

co5re-e+/;e :*ter-e e;eo5e+t 5o/c< *+

5ro>r* be /e/*te< or*te *+ /5ee+te

beore t-e /rre;er/be **>e @+*< -*55e+.


20/294

T-e Cort re*+e t-e c*e to t-e De5*rte+t o

A>r/ctre *+ AJ/c*t/o+ o*r or DARA to re8e;**te

*+ eter/+e t-e +*tre o t-e 5*rce o *+ /+;o;e /+

orer to reo;e t-e /e o /t co;er*>e b< t-e CARL.

ta. #osa #eaty >/;e * >/5e o t-e *+>er 5oe

b< t-e /e o +*tr* reorce c- * :*ter-e

reer;*t/o+ :-/c- *re */+ to oret ?o+e.$o5*t/o+

>ro:t- *+ /+tr/*/?*t/o+ -*;e t*e+ * -e*;< to o+ t-e

e+;/ro+e+t.E+;/ro+e+t* e>r**t/o+ ro +c-ece

-*+ *ct/;/t/e co :re* -*;oc o+ t-e /;e o 5ree+t

*+ tre >e+er*t/o+.%e+ce, b< co+t/tt/o+* @*t,

+*tr* reorce re*/+ to t-/ *< /+*/e+*be 5ro5ert/e

o t-e St*te.

V/e:e +er t-/ e>* *+ *ct* b*cro5, /

5et/t/o+er *c/re, * t-e< ;/>oro< *r>e, 5r/;*te r/>-t

o;er t-e 5*rce o *+ 5r/or to t-e /*+ce o EO ==e>re>*t/+> t-e *e * * :*ter-e reer;*t/o+

T-e *+:er / /+ t-e +e>*t/;e.

First .A+ *55/c*+t or co+@r*t/o+ o /5erect t/te be*r

t-e bre+ o 5ro;/+> t-*t -e eet t-e re/ree+t o

Sect/o+ 4B o CA 141, * *e+e.%e t o;ercoe t-e5re5t/o+ t-*t t-e *+ -e / *55 or / 5*rt o t-e

5b/c o*/+ *+ t-*t -e -* *+ /+teret t-ere/+ c/e+t

to :*rr*+t re>/tr*t/o+ /+ -/ +*e *r//+> ro *+

/5erect t/te.A+ /5erect t/te *< -*;e bee+ er/;e

ro o S5*+/- >r*+t c- * * titulo real or ror*+t,

*"on"ession espe"ial or 5ec/* >r*+t, * "o!posi"ion "on el

estado or *Jte+t t/te, or * titulo de "o!pra or t/te


21/294

t-ro>- 5rc-*e. Or, t-*t -e -* -* co+t/+o, o5e+

*+ +otor/o 5oe/o+ *+ occ5*t/o+ o *>r/ctr*

*+ o t-e 5b/c o*/+ +er * bo+* @e c*/ o

o:+er-/5 or *t e*t t-/rt< t-e @/+> o -/*55/c*t/o+ * 5ro;/e b< Sect/o+ 4B bH CA 141.

Or/>/+* *t t-et/e 5et/t/o+erK *55/c*t/o+ or

re>/tr*t/o+ :* @e o+ A5r/ 29, 1B9. A *e+e,

Sect/o+ 4B bH +o: re*3

bH T-oe :-o b< t-ee;e or t-ro>- t-e/r5reeceor8/+8/+teret -*;e bee+ /+ o5e+, co+t/+o,

ec/;e *+ +otor/o 5oe/o+ *+ occ5*t/o+ o

*>r/ctr* *+ o t-e 5b/c o*/+, +er * bo+* @e

c*/ o *c//t/o+ or o:+er-/5, or *t e*t t-/rt<

t-e @/+> o t-e *55/c*t/o+ or

co+@r*t/o+ o t/te, ece5t :-e+ 5re;e+te b< :*r

or for"e !a+eure.T-oe -* be co+c/;e< 5ree to-*;e 5erore * t-e co+/t/o+ ee+t/* to *

Go;er+e+t >r*+t *+ -* be e+t/te to * cert/@c*te o

t/te +er t-e 5ro;//o+ o t-/ c-*5ter.

I+ter5ret/+> Sect/o+ 4B bH o CA 141, t-e Cort t*te t-*t

t-e $b/c L*+Act re/re t-*t t-e *55/c*+t t 5ro;e

t-e oo:/+>3


22/294

*H t-*t t-e *+ / */e+*be 5b/c *+ *+ bH t-*t -/

o5e+, co+t/+o, ec/;e *+ +otor/o 5oe/o+ *+

occ5*t/o+ o t-e *e t e/t-er be /+ce t/e

/eor/* or or t-e 5er/o 5recr/be /+ t-e $b/c L*+Act.!-e+ t-e co+/t/o+ et b< *: *re co5/e :/t-, t-e

5oeor o t-e *+, b< o5er*t/o+ o *:, *c/re * r/>-t

to * >r*+t, * >o;er+e+t >r*+t, :/t-ot t-e +ece/t< o *

cert/@c*te o t/te be/+> /e.

$et/t/o+er o +ot c*/ to -*;e oce+t*r< t/te o;er t-e

Lot.T-e/r r/>-t to re>/ter t-e Lot / 5re/c*te */+< 5o+

co+t/+o 5oe/o+ /+ce 102.

Ce*r-t or t/te bec*e o t-e */re to co5ete

t-e re/re 5er/o o 5oe/o+, :-et-er +er t-e

or/>/+* Sect/o+ 4B bH o CA 141 5r/or to t-e /*+ce o EO

==, or +er t-e *e+e+t b< RA 142 *+ $D 107=.

T-ere / +o 5roo t-*t 5r/or to t-e /*+ce o EO == /+

104, 5et/t/o+er -* *c/re o:+er-/5 or t/te to t-e Lot

e/t-er b< ee or b< *+< ot-er oe o *c//t/o+ ro

t-e St*te, * or /+t*+ce b< *c//t/;e 5recr/5t/o+.A o

104, Se/+*+o Le


23/294

bec*e +o+8/5o*be *+ /+*/e+*be 5b/c *+.At t-e

t/e 5et/t/o+er @e t-e/r *55/c*t/o+ o+ A5r/ 29, 1B9,

t-e Lot -* bee+ reer;e * * :*ter-e +er EO == or

B1 o 5et/t/o+erK *55/c*t/o+. T-e 5er/o o occ5*+c< *ter t-e /*+ce o EO == /+

104 co +o o+>er be co+te bec*e * * :*ter-e

reer;*t/o+, t-e Lot :* +o o+>er ce5t/be o

occ5*+c :*ter-e reer;*t/o+, *re ece.It /

*/o*t/c t-*t t-e 5oe/o+ o oret *+ or ot-er

/+*/e+*be 5b/c *+ c*++ot r/5e+ /+to 5r/;*te

o:+er-/5.I+ Muni%ipaity o antiago+ Isabea vs.

/ourt o &ppeas+t-e Cortec*re t-*t /+*/e+*be

5b/c *+ 8

c*++ot be *c/re b< *c//t/;e5recr/5t/o+.$recr/5t/o+, bot- *c//t/;e *+ et/+ct/;e,

oe +ot r+ *>*/+t t-e St*te.

T-e 5oe/o+ o 5b/c *+, -o:e;er o+> t-e 5er/o

*< -*;e ete+e, +e;er co+er t/te t-ereto 5o+ t-e

5oeor bec*e t-e t*tte o //t*t/o+ :/t- re>*r to

5b/c *+ oe +ot o5er*te *>*/+t t-e St*te, +e t-eocc5*+t c*+ 5ro;e 5oe/o+ *+ occ5*t/o+ o t-e

*e under %ai4 o ownership or the required

nu4ber o years to %onstitute a grant ro4 the

tate.5 6

"hird , 7ordua vs. /ourt o &ppea / /+

5o/+t.I+ 7ordua, 5et/t/o+er / +ot co+tet t-e +*tre o

t-e *+.T-e< */tte t-*t t-e *+ /e /+ t-e -e*rt o t-e

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/1998/jan1998/127296.htmhttp://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/1998/jan1998/127296.htm


24/294

C*/r*+/?e 5r/;*te r/>-t o *+o:+er 5r/or to t-ereer;*t/o+.T-e< c*/ to -*;e et*b/-e t-e/r 5r/;*te

r/>-t to t-e bJect *+.T-e Cort re3

!e o +ot *>ree.No 5b/c *+ c*+ be *c/re b< 5r/;*te

5ero+ :/t-ot *+< >r*+t, e5re or /5/e ro t-e

>o;er+e+tM /t / /+/5e+*be t-*t t-ere be * -o:/+> o

* t/te ro t-e t*te.T-e *ct -o: t-*t 5et/t/o+er Gor*

/ +ot *c/re t/te to t-e bJect *+ 5r/or to /t

reer;*t/o+ +er $roc**t/o+ No. 97=.%e @e -/

*55/c*t/o+ or ree 5*te+t o+< /+ "*+*r


25/294

Coo+:e*t- Act C.A.H No. 141, * *e+e, / e+o>-

to ;et 5o+ 5et/t/o+er Gor* t-e 5r/;*te r/>-t

reco>+/?e *+ re5ecte /+ $roc**t/o+ No. 97=.

T-e c*e *: oe +ot 55ort t-/ b//o+.I+ ire"tor

of Lands vs. Reyes, :e -e t-*t * etter c*//+> t-e

5rotect/o+ o 5r/;*te r/>-t to ece -/ *+ ro *

//t*r< or oret reer;*t/o+ t -o: b< ce*r *+

co+;/+c/+> e;/e+ce t-*t t-e 5ro5ert< /+ et/o+ :*

*c/re b< [*+ 5r/;*te r/>-t t 5ro;e t-*t -e

-* co5/e :/t- C.A. No. 141, * *e+e, ot-er:/e

+o:+ * t-e $b/c L*+ Act, :-/c- 5recr/be t-e

bt*+t/;e * :e * t-e 5rocer* re/ree+t or

*c//t/o+ o 5b/c *+.T-/ *: re/re *t e*t t-/rt<

=0H r/ctr* *+ o t-e

5b/c o*/+, +er * bo+* @e c*/ o *c//t/o+,

/e/*te< 5rece/+> t-e @/+> o t-e *55/c*t/o+ or ree

5*te+t.T-e r*t/o+*e or t-e =08e t-*t */+> +o 5r/;*te r/>-t -*

*tt*c-e to t-e Lot 5r/or to EO == /+ 104, t-e $re/e+t o

t-e $-//55/+e -* bee+t< e>re>*te t-e Lot ro

t-e 5b/c o*/+ *+ *e t-e Lot */e+*be *+

/5o*be :-e+ -e /e $roc**t/o+ No. 12B= o+ "+e


26/294

21, 174.$et/t/o+er co+te+ t-*t $roc**t/o+ No. 12B=

e5re< ece *+ *re* o =,7B0 -ect*re ro t-e

#!R *+ *e t-e *re* 5*rt o t-e oo8boo To:+/te

Reer;*t/o+.$et/t/o+er *ert t-*t Lot $8162620 / ** 5*rt o t-/ ece to:+ /te *re*. $et/t/o+er

rt-er co+te+ t-*t to:+ /te *re co+/ere */e+*be

*+ /5o*be +er CA 141.

$roc**t/o+ No. 12B= re* t-3

$ROCLA#ATION NO. 12B=

ECL&DING FRO# T%E O$ERATION EEC&TIVE ORDER NO.

==, DATED "&L) 26, 104, AS A#ENDED ) EEC&TIVE

ORDERS NOS. 14 AND 16, OT% SERIES OF 119, !%IC%

ESTALIS%ED T%E !ATERS%ED RESERVATION SIT&ATED IN

T%E #&NICI$ALIT) OF ANTI$OLO, $ROVINCE OF RI(AL,

ISLANDOF L&(ON, A CERTAIN $ORTION OF T%E LAND

E#RACED T%EREIN AND RESERVING T%ESA#E,

TOGET%ER !IT% T%E AD"ACENT $ARCEL OF LAND OF T%E

$&LIC DO#AIN, FOR TO!NSITE $&R$OSES &NDER T%E

$ROVISIONS OF C%A$TER I OF T%E $&LIC LAND ACT.

&5o+ recoe+*t/o+ o t-e Secret*r< o A>r/ctre *+

N*tr* Reorce *+ 5r*+t to t-e *t-or/t< ;ete /+

e b< *:, I, FERDINAND E. #ARCOS, $re/e+t o t-e

$-//55/+e, o -ereb


27/294

L?o+, cert*/+ 5ort/o+ o *+ ebr*ce t-ere/+ *+

reer;e t-e *e, to>et-er :/t- t-e *J*ce+t 5*rce o *+

o t-e 5b/c o*/+, or to:+/te 5r5oe +er t-e

5ro;//o+ o C-*5ter I o t-e $b/c L*+ Act, bJect to5r/;*te r/>-t, / *+< t-ere be, *+ to tre b/;//o+

r;e< /+ *ccor*+ce :/t- t-e e;eo5e+t 5*+ to be

5re5*re *+ *55ro;e b< t-e De5*rte+t o Loc*

Go;er+e+t *+ Co+/t< De;eo5e+t, :-/c- 5*rce

*re ore 5*rt/c*r< ecr/be * oo:3

Lot A $*rt o !*ter-e Reer;*t/o+H

A 5*rce o *+ Lot A o $ro5oe $oor #*+K *>/o,

be/+> * 5ort/o+ o t-e #*r//+* !*ter-e, IN82H, /t*te

/+ t-e +/c/5*/t< o A+t/5oo, $ro;/+ce o R/?*, I*+ o

L?o+, be>/++/+> *t * 5o/+t *re 1 o+ etc- 5*+,

be/+> N874K8=0 E, B4B0.00 eter ore or e, ro LL#

1, A+t/5oo, R/?*M t-e+ce N ==K 2B ! 1979.00 . to 5o/+t 2M

t-e+ce N 40K 26 ! 19=B.90 . to 5o/+t =M t-e+ce N =0K

90! 90=.17 . to 5o/+t 4M t-e+ce N 79K 02 ! 704.== . to

5o/+t9M t-e+ce N 14K 1B ! 1=.= . to 5o/+t 6M t-e+ce N

4=K 29 ! 477.04 . to 5o/+t 7M t-e+ce N 71K =B ! 49B.=6

. to 5o/+t BM t-e+ce N =1K 09 ! 1029.00 . to 5o/+t M

t-e+ce De Nort- 40.=B . to 5o/+t 10M t-e+ce De Nort-1079.00 . to 5o/+t 11M t-e+ce De E*t 1000.00 . to

5o/+t 12Mt-e+ceDe E*t 1000.00 . to 5o/+t 1=M t-e+ce

De E*t 1000.00 . to 5o/+t 14M t-e+ce De E*t 1000.00

. to 5o/+t 19M t-e+ce De E*t 1000.00 . to 5o/+t 16M

t-e+ce De E*t 1000.00 .to 5o/+t 17M t-e+ce De E*t

1079.00 . to 5o/+t 1BM t-e+ce De Sot- 1000.00 . to

5o/+t 1M t-e+ce De Sot- 1000.00 . to 5o/+t 20M t-e+ce


28/294

De Sot- 1000.00 . to 5o/+t 21M t-e+ce De Sot-

1000.00 . to 5o/+t 22M t-e+ce De Sot- 1000.00 . to

5o/+t 2=M t-e+ce De Sot- 1000.00 . to 5o/+t 24M

t-e+ceDe Sot- 1079.00 . to 5o/+t 29M t-e+ce De !et1000.00 . to 5o/+t 26M t-e+ce De !et 1000.00 . to

5o/+t 27M t-e+ce De !et 6=6.96 . to 5o/+t o

be>/++/+>.(o!ta!!4 a! area o3 three thousa!d

seve! hu!dred e4hty %$/#0B /o,

be/+> * 5ort/o+ o */e+*be *+ /5o*be 5ort/o+ o

5b/c o*/+H /t*te /+ t-e +/c/5*/t< o A+t/5oo,

$ro;/+ce o R/?*, I*+ o L?o+.e>/++/+> *t * 5o/+t

*re 1 o+ etc- 5*+ be/+>N 74K =0 E., B4=0.00 .,

ore or e, ro LL# 1.A+t/5oo, R/?*M t-e+ce De !et=6=.44 . to 5o/+t 2M t-e+ce De !et 1000.00 . to 5o/+t

=M t-e+ce De !et 100.00 . to 5o/+t 4M t-e+ce De !et

1000.00 . to 5o/+t 9M t-e+ce De !et 1079.00 . to

5o/+t 6M t-e+ce De Nort- 1000.00 . to 5o/+t 7M t-e+ce

De Nort- 1000.00 . to 5o/+t BM t-e+ce De Nort-

1000.00 . to 5o/+t M t-e+ce De Nort- 1000.00 . to

5o/+t 10M t-e+ce De Nort- 1000.00 . to 5o/+t 11M t-e+ceDe Nort- 90.62. to 5o/+t 12M t-e+ce S. =1K 09 E

1029.00 . to 5o/+t 1=M t-e+ce S 71K =B E 49B.=6 . to

5o/+t 14M t-e+ce S 4=K 29 E 477.04 . to 5o/+t19M t-e+ce S

14K 1B E 1=.= . to 5o/+t 16M t-e+ce S 79K 02 E 704.==

. to 5o/+t 17M t-e+ce S. =0K 90 E 90=.17 . to 5o/+t 1BM

t-e+ce S 40K 26 E 19=B.90 .to 5o/+t 1M t-e+ce ==K 2= e

1979.00 to 5o/+t o be>/++/+>.Co+t*/+/+> *+ *re* o


29/294

o+et-o*+ t:o -+re t:e+t< @;e 1,229H %ect*re,

ore or e.

Note3A *t* *re *55ro/*te *+ bJect to c-*+>e b*eo+ tre r;e


30/294

T%E #&NICI$ALITIES OF ANTI$OLO AND SAN #ATEO,

$ROVINCE OF RI(AL, ISLAND OF L&(ON ) INCREASING

T%E AREA AND REVISING T%E TEC%NICAL DESCRI$TION OF

T%E LAND E#RACED T%EREIN, AND REVOING$ROCLA#ATIONNO. 769 DATED OCTOER 26, 170 T%AT

RESERVED $ORTIONS OF T%E AREA AS RESETTLE#ENT

SITE.

&5o+ recoe+*t/o+ o t-e Secret*r< o N*tr*

Reorce *+ 5r*+t to t-e *t-or/t< ;ete /+ e b<

*:, I, FERDINAND E. #ARCOS, $re/e+t o t-e $-//55/+e,

o -ereb< *e+ $roc**t/o+ No. 12B=, *te "+e 21,

174 :-/c- et*b/-e t-e to:+/te reer;*t/o+ /+ t-e

+/c/5*/t/e o A+t/5oo *+ S*+ #*teo, $ro;/+ce o R/?*,

I*+ o L?o+, b< /+cre*/+> t-e *re* *+ re;//+> t-e

tec-+/c* ecr/5t/o+ o t-e *+ ebr*ce t-ere/+,

bJect to 5r/;*te r/>-t, / *+< t-ere be, :-/c- 5*rce o*+ / ore 5*rt/c*r< ecr/be * oo:3

$ro5oe L+>o S/*+>*+ To:+/teH

A $ARCEL OF LAND $ro5oe L+>o S/*+>*+

To:+/teReer;*t/o+ *e+/+> t-e *re* +er S!O841762

et*b/-/+> t-e *>o+> S/*+>*+ To:+/te Reer;*t/o+H/t*te /+ t-e #+/c/5*/t/e o A+t/5oo, S*+ #*teo, *+

#o+t*b*+, $ro;/+ce o R/?*, I*+ o L?o+.o+e o+

t-e E., *o+> /+e 1828=848986878B881081181281=8148198168

1781B8182082182282= b< t-e #*r//+* !*ter-e

Reer;*t/o+ IN812HM o+ t-e S., *o+> /+e 2=824829 b< t-e

5ort/o+ o A+t/5ooM o+ t-e !., *o+> /+e 2982682782B828

=0 b< t-e #+/c/5*/t/e o #o+t*b*+, S*+ #*teoM *+ o+


31/294

t-e N., *o+> /+e =08=18=28==8=48=98=68=78=B8=8408418

4284=844 b< t-e A+>*t !*ter-e Reer;*t/o+.e>/++/+> *t

* 5o/+t *re 1 o+ t-eTo5o>r*5-/c #*5 :/t- t-e Sc*e

o 1390,000 :-/c- / t-e /e+t/c* cor+er =B IN812, #*r//+*!*ter-e Reer;*t/o+.

NOTE3A *t* *re *55ro/*te *+ bJect to c-*+>e

b*e o+ tre r;eo S/*+>*+

To:+/te, / -ereb< re;oe *ccor/+>r/ctr* or ot-er 5r5oe. &+e *+ +t/ t-e *+

c*/@e * c- / ree*e /+ *+ oc/* 5roc**t/o+ o


32/294

t-*t /t *< or 5*rt o t-e /5o*be *>r/ctr* *+ o

t-e 5b/c o*/+, t-e re o+ co+@r*t/o+ o /5erect

t/te o +ot *55

100 e?o+ A;e+e, e?o+ C/t<

#AR 1B 1B6

VERIFICATION ON T%E STAT&S OF LAND3

TO !%O# IT #A) CONCERN3

T-/ / to cert/< t-*t t-e tr*ct o *+ /t*te /+ *r*+>*<

S*+ I/ro, A+t/5oo, R/?*, co+t*/+/+> *+ *re* o 1,26,766

*re eter, * -o:+ *+ ecr/be o+ t-e re;ere /e

-ereo, r;e/+eer Teeoro C*b*/+>

or A+>e/+* C. Re


33/294

*re*ece ro t-e o5er*t/o+ o #*r//+* !*ter-e

Reer;*t/o+ et*b/-e +er Eect/;e Orer No. ==

*te "< 26, 104 5er $roc**t/o+ No. 12B=,

5ro>*te o+ "+e 21, 174, :-/c- et*b/-e t-e oo8oo To:+/te Reer;*t/o+, *e+e b< 5roc**t/o+ No.

16=7 *te A5r/ 1B, 177 +o:+ * L+>o S/*+>*+

To:+/te Reer;*t/o+.

SbJect *re* *o * :/t-/+ t-e bo+ o *>o+> L/5+*+

S/te +er $.D. 1=6 *te "+e 2, 17B +er t-e oe

Jr//ct/o+ o t-e #/+/tr< o %*+ Settee+t, to t-e

ec/o+ o *+< ot-er >o;er+e+t *>e+c/e.

T-/ ;er/@c*t/o+ / *e 5o+ t-e reet o t-e C-/e,

Le>* St*P, R84 * co+t*/+e /+ -/ /+ter+* eor*+

*te #*rc- 1B, 1B6.

Ver/@e bH RO#EO C. $ASC&ILLO

C*rto>r*5-er II

C-ece bH AR#ENDO R. CR&(

S5er;//+> C*rto>r*5-er

ATTESTED3

S>H L&IS G. DACANA)


34/294

C-/e, Foret E+>/+eer/+>

I+r*trctre Sect/o+

T-e *bo;e cert/@c*t/o+ o+ :-/c- 5et/t/o+er re< t-*t *

rec*/@c*t/o+ -* occrre, *+ t-*t t-e Lot / co;ere b<

t-e rec*/@c*t/o+, / co+tr*/cte b< e;er* oce+t

b/tte b< t-e So/c/tor Ge+er* beore t-e *+

re>/tr*t/o+ cort.

T-e So/c/tor Ge+er* b/tte to t-e *+ re>/tr*t/o+cort * Re5ort *te #*rc- 2, 1BB, />+e b<

A/+/tr*tor Teooro G. o+/*c/o o t-e t-e+ N*t/o+*

L*+ T/te *+ Dee Re>/tr*t/o+ A/+/tr*t/o+,

co+@r/+> t-*t t-e Lot ecr/be /+ $8162620 or 5*rt

o t-e #!R.%e t- recoe+e t-e //* o t-e

*55/c*t/o+ or re>/tr*t/o+.T-e Re5ort t*te3

CO#ES NO! t-e A/+/tr*tor o t-e N*t/o+* L*+ T/te

*+ Dee Re>/tr*t/o+ Co//o+ *+ to t-/ %o+or*be

Cort re5ect< re5ort t-*t3

1. A 5*rce o *+ ecr/be /+ 5*+ $8162620 /t*te /+

t-e *rr/o o S*+ I/ro, #+/c/5*/t< o A+t/5oo, $ro;/+ce o

R/?*, / *55/e or re>/tr*t/o+ o t/te /+ t-e c*e *t b*r.

2. Ater 5ott/+> 5*+ $8162620 /+ or #+/c/5* I+e

#*5 /t :* o+ t-*t * 5ort/o+ o t-e S!, ecr/be * Lot

= /+ 5*+ $817=70 :* 5re;/o< t-e bJect o

re>/tr*t/o+ /+ L*+ Re>. C*e No. N897B, LRC Recor No.

N8994B *+ :* /e Decree No. N811242 o+ A5r/ 4,

1B6 /+ t-e +*e o A5oo+/* G*rc/*, et *., 5r*+t to t-e


35/294

Dec//o+ *+ Orer or I*+ce o t-e Decree *te

Febr*r< B, 1B4 *+ #*rc- 6, 1B4, re5ect/;e 5ort/o+ o 5*+ $8162620 / /+/e IN812,

#*r//+* !*ter-e. !%EREFORE, t-/ *tter / re5ect< b/tte to t-e

%o+or*be Cort or /t /+or*t/o+ *+ >/*+ce :/t- t-e

recoe+*t/o+ t-*t t-e *55/c*t/o+ /+ t-e /+t*+t

5rocee/+> be //e, *ter e -e*r/+> &+er/+/+>

55/eH.

L/e:/e, /+ * etter *te No;eber 11, 11, t-e De5t<

L*+ I+5ector, DENR, Re>/o+ IV, Co+/t< E+;/ro+e+t

*+ N*tr* Reorce Oce, A+t/5oo, R/?*,//*r<

co+@re t-*t t-e Lot / :/t-/+ t-e #!R.T-e etter t*te3

T-*t t-e *+ o>-t to be re>/tere / /t*te *t S*+

I/ro oo8booH, A+t/5oo, R/?*, :/t- *+ *re* o ONE

%&NDRED T!ENT) SI $OINT (ERO SEVEN SIT) SI

126.0766H -ect*re, ore 5*rt/c*r< ecr/be /+ $8

162620, :-/c- / :/t-/+ t-e #*r//+* !*ter-e

Reer;*t/o+ +er Eect/;e Orer No. == *te "< 2,

104 :-/c- et*b/-e t-e #*r//+* !*ter-e

Reer;*t/o+ IN812H .

T-*t t-e *+ o>-t to be re>/tere / +ot * 5r/;*te5ro5ert< o t-e Re>/tr*t/o+ A55/c*+t bt 5*rt o t-e 5b/c

o*/+, +ot bJecte to /5o/t/o+ *+ / co;ere b<

$roc**t/o+ No. 9B9 or I+te>r*te Soc/* Foretr<

$ro>r* -e+ce, L.R.C. No. 268A / recoe+e or

reJect/o+&+er/+/+> 55/eH.Co5< o t-e etter /

*tt*c-e -ere:/t- * A++e = *+ *e *+ /+te>r* 5*rt

-ereo.


36/294

L*t/+* *55/c*+t]

*55/c*t/o+ / t-e tec-+/c* ecr/5t/o+ o t-e Lot />+e b<

Robert C. $*+>e o t-e Sr;e<D/;//o+ o t-e re* o L*+.T-/ tec-+/c* ecr/5t/o+

c*te>or/c*< t*te t-*t t-e Lot is inside IN-12

Mariquina Watershed.6

T-e e;/e+ce o recor t- *55e*r +*t/*ctor< *+

/+c/e+t to -o: ce*r< *+ 5o/t/;e< t-*t t-e Lot -*

bee+ oc/*< ree*e ro t-e #*r//+* !*ter-e

Reer;*t/o+ to or 5*rt o t-e */e+*be *+ /5o*be

*+ o t-e 5b/c o*/+.!e -o t-*t o+ce * 5*rce o

*+ / /+ce :/t-/+ * :*ter-e reer;*t/o+ <

et*b/-e b< Eect/;e $roc**t/o+, * /+ t-e /+t*+t

c*e, * 5re5t/o+ *r/e t-*t t-e *+ co+t/+e to be

5*rt o c- Reer;*t/o+ +t/ ce*r *+ co+;/+c/+>

e;/e+ce o bee+t ec*/@c*t/o+ / -o:+.

It/ ob;/o, b*e o+ t-e *ct o+ recor t-*t +e/t-er

5et/t/o+er +or t-e/r 5reeceor8/+8/+teret -*;e bee+ /+

o5e+, co+t/+o, ec/;e *+ +otor/o 5oe/o+ *+

occ5*t/o+ o t-e Lot or *t e*t t-/rt< t-e @/+> o t-e *55/c*t/o+ or co+@r*t/o+ o

t/te.E;e+ / t-e< b/tte c/e+t 5roo t-*t t-e Lot -*bee+ ece ro t-e #!R 5o+ t-e /*+ce o

$roc**t/o+ No. 12B= o+ "+e 21, 174, 5et/t/o+erK

5oe/o+ * o t-e @/+> o t-e/r *55/c*t/o+ o+ A5r/ 29,

1B9 :o -*;e bee+ o+< ee;e+ e e;e+ / :e t*c /+ t-e t:o


37/294

EO == /+ 104.$et/t/o+erK c*e *ter e;e+ ore bec*e

o t-e /*+ce o $roc**t/o+ No. 16=7 o+ A5r/ 1B,

177.Accor/+> to t-e+ DENR Secret*r< V/ctor R*o,

$roc**t/o+ No. 16=7 re;erte Lot A or t-e to:+/tereer;*t/o+, :-ere 5et/t/o+erW Lot / 55oe< /t*te,

b*c to t-e #!R.

F/+* r/+> *< be *55/e to t-/ c*e

b< *+*o>>er or etter *< -*;e tr/55e /t o /t oret

co;er.$*rce o *+ c*/@e * oret *+ *< *ct*<

be co;ere :/t- >r* or 5*+te to cro5 b< */+>/+

ct/;*tor or ot-er *rer.Foret *+ o +ot -*;e to

be o+ o+t*/+ or /+ ot o t-e :*< 5*ce.S:*5< *re*

co;ere b< *+>ro;e tree, +/5* 5* *+ ot-er tree

>ro:/+> /+ br*c/- or e* :*ter *< *o be c*/@e *

oret *+.T-e c*/@c*t/o+ / ecr/5t/;e o /t e>*

+*tre or t*t *+ oe +ot -*;e to be ecr/5t/;e o

:-*t t-e *+ *ct*< oo /e.&+e *+ +t/ t-e *+c*/@e * oret / ree*e /+ *+ oc/* 5roc**t/o+

to t-*t ePect o t-*t /t *< or 5*rt o t-e /5o*be

*>r/ctr* *+ o t-e 5b/c o*/+, t-e re o+

co+@r*t/o+ o /5erect t/te o +ot *55e+t


38/294

-o -*;e bee+ >/;e+ e core.

$et/t/o+er *t t-e Cort o A55e* or >/;/+> e core

to t-e Re5b/cK 5et/t/o+ or *++e+t o J>e+t :-/c-:* @e o+> *ter t-e ec//o+ o t-e *+ re>/tr*t/o+

cort -* *e>e< becoe @+* *+ eector/tr*t/o+ cort re+ere /t ec//o+ o+ "*+*r< =0, 11

*+ t-e So/c/tor Ge+er* rece/;e * co5< o t-e ec//o+ o+

A5r/ 2=, 11. $et/t/o+er 5o/+t ot t-*t t-e So/c/tor

Ge+er* @e :/t- t-e Cort o A55e* t-e 5et/t/o+ or

*++e+t o J>e+t /+;o/+> Sect/o+ 2H o $ >.

12 o+< o+ A>t 6, 11, *ter t-e ec//o+ -*

55oe< becoe @+* *+ eector/tr*t/o+ cort

/e /t orer o #*< 6, 11 /rect/+> t-e L*+

Re>/tr*t/o+ At-or/t< to /e t-e corre5o+/+> ecree ore>/tr*t/o+.

T-e So/c/tor Ge+er* o>-t t-e *++e+t o t-e ec//o+

o+ t-e >ro+ t-*t t-e *+ re>/tr*t/o+ cort -* +o

Jr//ct/o+ o;er t-e c*e, 5ec/@c*e t-*t t-e ree< o *++e+t o

J>e+t / +o o+>er *;*/*be bec*e /t / b*rre b< t-e

5r/+c/5e o res +udi"ata.T-e< /+/t t-*t t-e *+

re>/tr*t/o+ cort -* Jr//ct/o+ o;er t-e c*e :-/c-

/+;o;e 5r/;*te *+.T-e< *o *r>e t-*t t-e Re5b/c /

eto55e ro et/o+/+> t-e *+ re>/tr*t/o+


39/294

cortKJr//ct/o+ co+/er/+> t-*t t-e Re5b/c

5*rt/c/5*te /+ t-e 5rocee/+>beore t-e cort.

It / +o: et*b/-e t-*t t-e Lot, be/+> * :*ter-e

reer;*t/o+, / +ot */e+*be *+ /5o*be 5b/c *+.T-ee;/e+ce o t-e 5et/t/o+er o +ot ce*r< *+ co+;/+c/+><

-o: t-*t t-e Lot, ecr/be * Lot $8162620, ce*e to

be * 5ort/o+ o t-e *re* c*/@e * * :*ter-e

reer;*t/o+ o t-e 5b/c o*/+.A+< t/te to t-e Lot / ;o/

*b /+/t/o.I+ ;/e: o t-/, t-e *e>e 5rocer* /+@r/t/e

*tte+/+> t-e @/+> o t-e 5et/t/o+ or *++e+t o

J>e+t *re /*ter/* /+ce t-e *+ re>/tr*t/o+ cort

+e;er *c/re Jr//ct/o+ o;er t-e Lot.A 5rocee/+> o

t-e *+ re>/tr*t/o+ cort /+;o;/+> t-e Lot *re t-ereore

+ *+ ;o/.

!e *55< or r/+> /+ Martine0 vs. /ourt o &ppeas+ *

oo:3T-e L*+ Re>/tr*t/o+ Cort -* +o Jr//ct/o+ o;er +o+8

re>/tr*be 5ro5ert/e, c- * 5b/c +*;/>*be r/;er

:-/c- *re 5*rt o t-e 5b/c o*/+, *+ c*++ot ;*/<

*J>e t-e re>/tr*t/o+ o t/te /+ *;or o 5r/;*te

*55/c*+t.%e+ce, t-e J>e+t o t-e Cort o F/rt I+t*+ce

o $*5*+>* * re>*r t-e Lot No. 2 o cert/@c*te o T/te

No. 19B96 /+ t-e +*e o 5et/t/o+er *< be *tt*ce *t*+< t/e, e/t-er /rect< or co*ter*


40/294

I+ #epubi% vs. $e os &ngees+ :-/c- /+;o;e t-e

re>/tr*t/o+ o 5b/c *+, 5ec/@c*< 5*rt o t-e e*, t-e

Cort reJecte t-e 5r/+c/5e o res +udi"ata *+ eto55e to

/e+ce t-e Re5b/cK c*/ o;er 5b/c *+.T-e Cort*/3

It -o be +ote rt-er t-*t t-e octr/+e o eto55e or

*c-e oe +ot *55< :-e+ t-e Go;er+e+t e* *

o;ere/>+ or *ert >o;er+e+t* r/>-t, +or oe

eto55e or *c-e ;*/*te *+ *ct t-*t co+tr*;e+e *: or

5b/c 5o/c*re / /t

*55/c*t/o+ :o /+;o;e t-e *cr/@ce o Jt/ce to

tec-+/c*/t-t o re;er/o+ or

reco+;e/tere *+ :-/c- *re +ot c*5*be o 5r/;*te

*55ro5r/*t/o+ or 5r/;*te *c//t/o+ oe +ot 5recr/be.

"hird issue: Whether the petition-in-intervention is

proper.

T-eoc**+Jo ISF A:*ree Aoc/*t/o+, I+c., *+

*oc/*t/o+ o -oer o cert/@c*te o te:*r-/5 /e

b< t-e DENR +er /t I+te>r*te Soc/* Foretr< $ro>r*,

@e :/t- t-e Cort o A55e* o+ No;eber 2, 11 *#ot/o+ or Le*;e to I+ter;e+e *+ to A/t $et/t/o+8I+8

I+ter;e+t/o+.

Accor/+> to /+ter;e+or, t-e< *re t-e *ct* occ5*+t o

t-e Lot :-/c- 5et/t/o+er o>-t to re>/ter.A:*re t-*t t-e

5*rce o *+ :-/c- t-e/r ore*t-er -* occ5/e,

e;eo5e *+t/ebeo+> to t-e Go;er+e+t,t-e< @e *


41/294

5et/t/o+ :/t- t-e+ $re/e+t Cor*?o+ C. A/+o *+ t-e+

DENR Secret*r< F>e+c/o S. F*ctor*+, to *:*r t-e 5*rce

o *+ to t-e.

Secret*r< F*ctor*+ /recte t-e D/rector o Foret

#*+*>ee+t re* to t*e te5 or t-e e>re>*t/o+ o

t-e *oree+t/o+e *re* ro t-e #!R or e;eo5e+t

+er t-e DENRK IF rogra4s. Sbee+t


42/294

#+/c/5*/tr*te Soc/* Foretr< $ro>r* o t-e

De5*rte+to E+;/ro+e+t *+ N*tr* Reorce /+

*ccor*+ce :/t- e/t/+> *:, re *+ re>*t/o+, :-/c-5*rce o *+ / ore 5*rt/c*r< ecr/be * oo:3

A $ARCEL OF LAND, :/t-/+ t-e #*r//+* !*ter-e

Reer;*t/o+ /t*te /+ t-e #+/c/5*/t< o A+t/5oo,

$ro;/+ce o R/?*, be>/++/+> *t 5o/+t 1 o+ 5*+, be/+>

/e+t/c* to cor+er 1 o #*r//+* !*ter-e Reer;*t/o+M

t-e+ce

/ontaining an area o 'ne "housand Four 8undred

"hirty 91+);< 8e%tares.

A ot-er *+ co;ere *+ ebr*ce +er Eect/;e

Orer No. == * *e+e, +ot ot-er:/e*Pecte b< t-/

$roc**t/o+, -* re*/+ /+ orce *+ ePect.

IN !ITNESS !%EREOF, I -*;e -ere+to et < -*+ *+

c*e t-e e* o t-e Re5b/c o t-e $-//55/+e to be

*e.

Do+e /+ t-e C/t< o #*+/*, t-/ 9 *< o "+e, /+ t-e


43/294

$r*+t to $roc**t/o+ No. 9B9, t-e c-/e o t-e ISF &+/t,

*ct/+> t-ro>- t-e Re>/o+* Eect/;e D/rector o t-e DENR

Re>/o+ IVH, /e oet/e bet:ee+ t-e *r*.Ao+> t-oe

*:*re :ere /+ter;e+or.T-e cert/@c*te o te:*r-/5

*re *ct*< co+tr*ct o e*e >r*+te b< t-e DENR to

*ct* occ5*+t o 5*rce o *+ +er /t ISF 5ro>r*

or * 5er/o o t:e+t

5et/t/o+erK /5erect t/te.I+ter;e+orK co+e rece/;e *

co5< o t-e ec//o+ o+ A>t , 11.

O+ A>t 14, 11, /+ter;e+or @e * ot/o+ to ;*c*te

J>e+t *+ or +e: tr/* beore t-e *+ re>/tr*t/o+


44/294

cort. Accor/+> to /+ter;e+or, t-e *+ re>/tr*t/o+ cort

co +ot *ct o+ /t ot/o+ e to t-e retr*/+/+> orer

/e b< t-e Cort o A55e* o+ A>t B, 11,

e+Jo/+/+> t-e *+ re>/tr*t/o+ cort ro eect/+> /tec//o+, * 5r*e+t.T-e /+ter;e+or :ere

t- co+tr*/+e to @e * 5et/t/o+ or /+ter;e+t/o+ beore

t-e Cort o A55e* :-/c- *o:e t-e *e.

Re 1 o t-e 17 Re o C/;/ $rocere 5ro;/e /+

5ert/+e+t 5*rt3

Sect/o+ 1.-ho !ay intervene. A 5ero+ :-o -* * e>*

/+teret /+ t-e *tter /+ /t/>*t/o+, or /+ t-e cce o

e/t-er o t-e 5*rt/e, or *+ /+teret *>*/+t bot-,or / o

/t*te * to be *;ere< *Pecte b< * /tr/bt/o+ or

ot-er /5o/t/o+ o 5ro5ert< /+ t-e cto< o t-e cort, or

*+ ocer t-ereo *-t o t-e or/>/+* 5*rt/e, *+

:-et-er or +ot t-e /+ert;e+orK r/>-t *< be <

5rotecte /+ * e5*r*te 5rocee/+>.

Sec. 2.Ti!e to intervene. T-e ot/o+ to /+ter;e+e *< be@e *t *+< t/e beore re+/t/o+ o J>e+t b< t-e tr/*

cort.A co5< o t-e 5e*/+>8/+8/+ter;e+t/o+ -* be

*tt*c-e to t-e ot/o+ *+ er;e o+ t-e or/>/+* 5*rt/e.

A * re, /+ter;e+t/o+ / *o:e beore re+/t/o+ o

J>e+t b< t-e tr/* cort, * Sect/o+ 2, Re 1

e5re< 5ro;/e.%o:e;er, t-e Cort -* reco>+/?e

ece5t/o+ to t-/ re /+ t-e /+teret o bt*+t/*


45/294

Jt/ce.Mago vs. /ourt o &ppeas re/ter*te t-e r/+>

/+ $ire%tor o !ands vs. /ourt o &ppeas, :-ere t-e

Cort *o:e t-e ot/o+ or /+ter;e+t/o+ e;e+ :-e+ t-e

c*e -* *re*< re*c-e t-/ Cort.T-, /+ Mago t-eCort -e t-*t3

It / /te ce*r *+ 5*te+t t-*t t-e ot/o+ or

/+ter;e+t/o+ @e b< t-e o;*+t *t t-/ t*>e o t-e

5rocee/+> :-ere tr/* -* *re*< bee+ co+ce

*+ o+ *55e* t-e *e *re b< t-e Cort o

A55e* *+ t-e /+t*+t 5et/t/o+ or cert/or*r/ to re;/e: */

J>e+t / *re*< b/tte or ec//o+ b< t-e S5ree

Cort, *re ob;/o< *+, *+/et< *te, be*te, / /5< * re o 5rocere, t-e:-oe 5r5oe *+ obJect o :-/c- / to *e t-e 5o:er

o t-e Cort < *+ co5ete< *;*/*be or Jt/ce.T-e

5r5oe o 5rocere / +ot to t-:*rt Jt/ce.It 5ro5er */

/ to *c//t*te t-e *55/c*t/o+ o Jt/ce to t-e r/;* c*/ o

co+te+/+> 5*rt/e.It :* cre*te +ot to -/+er *+ e*<

bt to *c//t*te *+ 5roote t-e */+/tr*t/o+ o Jt/ce.It

oe +ot co+t/tte t-e t-/+> /te :-/c- cort *re *:* to ecre to /t/>*+t.It / e/>+e * t-e e*+

bet *o5te to obt*/+ t-*t t-/+>.I+ ot-er :or, /t / *

e*+ to *+ e+.

To be re, t-e Cort o A55e* / +ot 5* 5o+ t-e

*ct* t*t o /+ter;e+or /+ re*t/o+ to t-e Lot * t-/

:* +ot /+ /e.Ne/t-er :* t-e ;*//t< o t-e cert/@c*te


46/294

o te:*r-/5 co+tr*ct :-/c- /+ter;e+or *e>e<

5oee /+/re /+to co+/er/+> t-/ too :* +ot /+

/e.I+ *ct, /+ter;e+or / +ot 5ec/@c*< ee *+< re/e

*5*rt ro * ec*r*t/o+ t-*t t-e Lot /+ et/o+ re*/+/+*/e+*be *+ o t-e 5b/c o*/+.!e c*++ot *t t-e

Cort o A55e* or *o:/+> t-e /+ter;e+t/o+, / o+< to

5ro;/e t-e r/;* >ro5 * 5e*ce ;e+e or ;e+t/*t/+>

t-e/r /e.T-/ c*e -* *re*< c*/e *t e*t @;e /;e

e to t-e r*>/+> /5te bet:ee+ t-e r/;* c*5 o t-e

5et/t/o+er o+ o+e /e *+ t-oe o t-e DENR *:*ree o+

t-e ot-er.It *o 5*:+e * +ber o cr//+* c*e

bet:ee+ t-e t:o r/;* >ro5 /+c/+> */c/o /c-/e,

robber< *+ *ro+.A tr/ct *55/c*t/o+ o t-e re :o

br t-/ b/>>er, *r ore /5ort*+t 5/ctre.

/o+* Tr/* Cort o A+t/5oo, R/?*, /+ LRC No. 268A, LRC

Rec. No. N8917 / AFFIR#ED.

SO ORDERED.

V/t>, )+*re8S*+t/*>o, ""., co+cr.

D*;/e, "r., C."., C-*/r*+H, o+ oc/* e*;e.


47/294

G.R. No. 1091, &.S. ;. Dorr et*., 2 $-/. ==2

Re5b/c o t-e $-//55/+e

S+;'EME (O+')

#*+/*

EN ANC

#*< 1, 10=

G.R. No. 1091

)


48/294

or :-/c- te+ to /+t/>*te ot-er to c*b* or eet to>et-er

or +*: 5r5oe, or :-/c- >>et or /+c/te rebe/o

co+5/r*c/e or r/ot, or :-/c- te+ to t/r 5 t-e 5eo5e

*>*/+t t-e *: *t-or/t/e, or to /trb t-e 5e*ce o t-eco+/t< co+ce* c- e;/ 5r*ct/ce, -* be

5+/-e b< * @+e +ot ecee/+> t:o t-o*+ o*r or

b< /5r/o+e+t +ot ecee/+> t:o e /be :* 5b/-e * *+ e/tor/* /+ t-e /eo t-e #*+/* Freeo o A5r/ 6, 102, +er t-e c*5t/o+

o A e: -*r *ct.

T-e Attor+e

5**>e o t-e *rt/ce * t-oe 5o+ :-/c- -e re/e to

t*/+ t-e co+;/ct/o+3

S/+e< A*o+, /+ * *te etter /+ Le/eW !ee to *< o t-e *ct/o+ o t-e C/;/ Co//o+ /+

*55o/+t/+> r*c*< +*t/;e to /5ort*+t Go;er+e+t

5o/t/o+3

It / * tro+> t-/+> to *- /t e8/+r>e+t oce -oer,*+ b< /t co+t/+* /re>*r or t-e recor o +*t/;e

obt*/+e r/+> t-e //t*r< re o t-e I*+, -*, /+ /t

/tr/bt/o+ o oce, co+t/tte * 5rotector*te o;er * et

o e+ :-o -o be /+ J*/ or e5orte. . . . [Reere+ce /

t-e+ *e to t-e *55o/+te+t o o+e Teco+ * Jt/ce o

t-e 5e*ce.] T-/ / t-e /+ o oo/- :or t-*t t-e

Co//o+ / o/+> * o;er t-e I*+, re/+t*t/+>


49/294

/+r>e+t *+ ro>e *+ tr+/+> o:+ t-e e+ :-o -*;e

r/+> t-e tr>>e, *t t-e r/ o t-e/r /;e, */e t-e

Aer/c*+.

T-ere / +o obt bt t-*t t-e F//5/+o oce -oer o t-e

I*+ *re /+ * >oo *+< /+t*+ce r*c*.

T-e co//o+ -* e*te to t-e -/>-et 5o/t/o+ /+ t-eI*+ F//5/+o :-o *re *e>e to be +otor/o< corr5t

*+ r*c*e *>*/+t t:o

o t-e +*t/;e Co//o+er X c-*r>e *>*/+t Tr/+/* %.$*ro e T*;er*, :-/c-, / tre, :o br*+ t-e *+ * *

co:*r *+ * r*c*, *+ :/t- :-*t ret . . . [Reere+ce

/ t-e+ *e to t-e 5roect/o+ *+ co+;/ct/o+ o V*e?

or /be +er * *: :-/c- 5ec/@e t-*t t-e >re*ter t-e

trt- t-e >re*ter t-e /be.] I /t t-e e/re o t-e 5eo5e o

t-e &+/te St*te t-*t t-e +*t/;e *>*/+t :-o t-ee

c-*r>e -*;e bee+ *e :-/c-, / tre, *bote< ;//<t-e/r 5ero+* c-*r*cterH be 5er/tte to ret*/+ t-e/r e*t

o+ t-e C/;/ Co//o+, t-e eect/;e bo< o t-e

$-//55/+e Go;er+e+t, :/t-ot *+ /+;et/>*t/o+

It / * +otor/o *ct t-*t *+< br*+c-e o t-eGo;er+e+t or>*+/?e b< t-e C/;/ Co//o+ *re rotte+


50/294

*+ corr5t. T-e @c* /+

t-e 5ro;/+ce [o T* *+ -ort o /t / t-*t Aer/c*+ :/ +ot t*+ or

*+ *rb/tr*r< >o;er+e+t, e5ec/*< :-e+ e;/e+ce o

c*r5etb*>>/+> *+ ror o >r*t *re too t-/c to be

5e**+t.

!e o +ot +ert*+ t-*t /t / c*/e t-*t t-e

ee+*+t cceee /+ et*b/-/+> *t t-e tr/* t-e trt-

o *+< o t-e ore>o/+> t*tee+t. T-e o+< et/o+

:-/c- :e -*;e co+/ere / :-et-er t-e/r 5b/c*t/o+

co+t/tte *+ oPe+e +er ect/o+ B o Act No. 22,

*bo;e c/te.

Se;er* */e oPe+e or oe o co/tt/+> t-e *e

oPe+e *re e@+e /+ t-*t ect/o+, vi3 3 1H T-e tter/+> o

e/t/o :or or 5eec-eM 2H t-e :r/t/+>, 5b/-/+>, or

c/rc*t/+> o crr/o /be *>*/+t t-e Go;er+e+t o

http://philippinelaw.info/statutes/act292.htmlhttp://philippinelaw.info/statutes/act292.html


51/294

t-e &+/te St*te or t-e I+*r Go;er+e+t o t-e

$-//55/+e I*+M =H t-e :r/t/+>, 5b/-/+>, or c/rc*t/+>

o /be :-/c- te+ to /trb or obtrct *+< *: ocer

/+ eect/+> -/ oceM 4H or :-/c- te+ to /+t/>*te ot-erto c*b* or eet to>et-er or +*: 5r5oeM 9H or

:-/c- >>et or /+c/te rebe/o co+5/r*c/e or r/otM 6H

or :-/c- te+ to t/r 5 t-e 5eo5e *>*/+t t-e *:

*t-or/t/e or to /trb t-e 5e*ce o t-e co+/t<

co+ce*/+> c- e;/ 5r*ct/ce.

T-e co5*/+t *55e*r to be r*e 5o+ t-e t-eor< t-*t *

:r/t/+>, /+ orer to be 5+/-*be * * /be +er t-/

ect/o+, t be o * crr/o +*tre *+ /recte *>*/+t

t-e Go;er+e+t o t-e &+/te St*te or t-e I+*r

Go;er+e+t o t-e $-//55/+e I*+, *+ t, /+

*/t/o+, te+ to oe o+e o t-e ret e+er*te /+ t-e

ect/o+. T-e *rt/ce /+ et/o+ / ecr/be /+ t-e

co5*/+t * * crr/o /be *>*/+t t-e Go;er+e+t o

t-e &+/te St*te *+ t-e I+*r Go;er+e+t o t-e

$-//55/+e I*+, :-/c- te+ to obtrct t-e *:

ocer o t-e &+/te St*te *+ t-e I+*r Go;er+e+t o

t-e $-//55/+e I*+ /+ t-e eect/o+ o t-e/r oce, *+

:-/c- te+ to /+t/>*te ot-er to c*b* *+ eet to>et-eror +*: 5r5oe, *+ :-/c- >>et *+ /+c/te

rebe/o co+5/r*c/e, *+ :-/c- te+ to t/r 5 t-e

5eo5e *>*/+t t-e *: *t-or/t/e, *+ :-/c- /trb

t-e *et< *+ orer o t-e Go;er+e+t o t-e &+/te

St*te *+ t-e I+*r Go;er+e+t o t-e $-//55/+e

I*+. t /t / * :e8ette re /+ co+/er/+>

/+/cte+t t-*t :-ere *+ oPe+e *< be co/tte /+


52/294

*+< o e;er* /Pere+t oe, *+ t-e oPe+e, /+ *+<

5*rt/c*r /+t*+ce, / *e>e to -*;e bee+ co/tte /+

t:o or ore oe 5ec/@e, /t / c/e+t to 5ro;e t-e

oPe+e co/tte /+ *+< o+e o t-e, 5ro;/e t-*t /t bec- * to co+t/tte t-e bt*+t/;e oPe+e

Co. vs. +ee*+, 20 $/c., #*., 206, 219H, *+ t-e

ee+*+t *e /+to :-/c- t-e co5*/+t *< be

e5*r*te -* bee+ *e ot.

!e *re *, -o:e;er, *>ree 5o+ t-e 5ro5o/t/o+ t-*t t-e*rt/ce /+ et/o+ -* +o *55rec/*be te+e+c< to /trb

or obtrct *+< *: ocer /+ eect/+> -/ oce, or to

/+t/>*te *+< 5ero+ or c* o 5ero+ to c*b* or eet

to>et-er or +*: 5r5oe, or to >>et or /+c/te

rebe/o co+5/r*c/e or r/ot, or to t/r 5 t-e 5eo5e

*>*/+t t-e *: *t-or/t/e or to /trb t-e 5e*ce o t-e

co+/te+er* ter

* e/t/o te+e+c/e. T-/ / reco>+/?e /+ t-e

ecr/5t/o+ o t-e oPe+e 5+/-e b< t-/ ect/o+, :-/c-

/ o+ /+ t-e t/te o t-e *ct, :-ere t-e< *re e@+e *t-e cr/e o t-e e/t/o tter*+ce, :-et-er :r/tte+ or

5oe+.

Ec/+> ro co+/er*t/o+ t-e oPe+e o 5b/-/+>

crr/o /be *>*/+t t-e Go;er+e+t o t-e &+/te

St*te or t-e I+*r Go;er+e+t o t-e $-//55/+e I*+,

:-/c- *< co+ce/;*b< t*+ o+ * oe:-*t /Pere+t



53/294

oot/+>, t-e oPe+e 5+/-e b< t-/ ect/o+ * co+/t /+

/+c/t/+>, or*< or /+ :r/t/+>, to *ct o /o*/+t t-e 5o/c< o t-e C/;/

Co//o+ /+ *55o/+t/+> +*t/;e to oce, *< -*;e -*

t-e ePect o ec/t/+> *o+> cert*/+ c*e /*t/*ct/o+

:/t- t-e Co//o+ *+ /t e*re, :e *re +*be to

/co;er *+ /+ /t :-/c- c*+ be re>*re * -*;/+> *

te+e+c< to 5roce *+ /e :-*t *< be c*e

/*Pect/o+, or, /+ ot-er :or, * t*te o ee/+>

/+co5*t/be :/t- * /5o/t/o+ to re*/+ o * crr/o /be *>*/+t t-e

Go;er+e+t o t-e o t-e &+/te St*te or t-e I+*rGo;er+e+t o t-e $-//55/+e I*+.

C*+ t-e *rt/ce be re>*re * ebr*ce :/t-/+ t-e

ecr/5t/o+ o crr/o /be *>*/+t t-e Go;er+e+t o

t-e &+/te St*te or t-e I+*r Go;er+e+t o t-e

$-//55/+e I*+ I+ t-e eter/+*t/o+ o t-/ et/o+ :e

-*;e e+co+tere >re*t /ct-t er;e * *

>/e /+ t-e co+trct/o+ o t-e *:. T-ere *re, /+ee,

+ero E+>/- ec//o+, ot o t-e o t-e

e/>-tee+t- ce+tre+er*o;er+e+t* or>*+/,


54/294

bt t-ee ec//o+ *re +ot +o: *cce/be to , *+, /

t-e< :ere, t-e< :ere *e +er c- /Pere+t co+/t/o+

ro t-oe :-/c- 5re;*/ *t t-e 5ree+t *o;er+e+t o ore/>+ to t-oe:-/c- -*;e /+5/re t-e e>/*t/o+ o :-/c- t-e e+*cte+t

/+ et/o+ or * 5*rt, t-*t t-e< :o 5rob*b< *Por

bt /tte />-t /+ t-e 5ree+t /+/r*+, /+ t-e

*tter 5*rt o t-e e/>-tee+t- ce+tr*+, =4B.H T-/ -* ce*e to be t-e *: /+

E+>*+, *+ /t / obt :-et-er /t :* e;er t-e coo+

*: o *+< Aer/c*+ St*te. It / tre t-*t t-ere *re *+c/e+t

/ct* to t-e ePect t-*t *+< 5b/c*t/o+ te+/+> to 5oe

t-e 5eo5e :/t- *+ / o5/+/o+ o t-e Go;er+e+t / *e/t/o /be 5er %ot, C. "., /+ R. vs. Tc-/+, 1704, 9 St.

Tr., 9=2, *+ Ee+boro>-, C. "., /+ R. vs. Cobbett, 1B04, 2

%o:. St. Tr., 4H, bt +o o+e :o *cce5t t-*t octr/+e

+o:. &+e t-e :or e /rect< te+ to oe+t r/ot or

rebe/o+ or ot-er:/e to /trb t-e 5e*ce *+ tr*+//t<

o t-e /+>o, t-e tot *t/te / *o:e /+ t-e

/c/o+ o * 5b/c *P*/r. 11 E+c. o t-e L*: o

E+>*+, 490.H ">e Cooe< */- coo+ *: re :-/c- *e /be o+ t-e

co+t/tt/o+ or t-e >o;er+e+t /+/ct*be, * /t :*

*/+/tere b< t-e cort, ee to +/te to t-e

co+/t/o+ *+ c/rct*+ce o t-e 5eo5e o Aer/c*, *+

t-ereore +e;er to -*;e bee+ *o5te /+ t-e e;er*St*te.


55/294

!e @+ +o ec//o+ co+tr/+> t-e Te++eee t*tte

Coe, ec. 666=H, :-/c- / *55*re+t< t-e o+< e/t/+>

Aer/c*+ t*tte o * //*r c-*r*cter to t-*t /+ et/o+,

*+ ro :-/c- c- o t-e 5-r*eoo>< o t-e+ *tter*55e*r to -*;e bee+ t*e+, t-o>- :/t- oe ee+t/*

o/@c*t/o+.

T-e /5ort*+t et/o+ / to eter/+e :-*t / e*+t /+

ect/o+ B o Act No. 22b< t-e e5re/o+ t-e I+*r

Go;er+e+t o t-e $-//55/+e I*+. Doe /t e*+ /+ *

>e+er* *+ *btr*ct e+e t-e e/t/+> *: *+/+t/tt/o+ o t-e I*+, or oe /t e*+ t-e *>>re>*te o

t-e /+/;/* b< :-o t-e >o;er+e+t o t-e I*+ /,

or t-e t/e be/+>, */+/tere E/t-er e+e :o

obte be *//be.

!e +ert*+, /+ oer+ 5o/t/c* c/e+ce, . . . b< t-e

ter %overn!ent , t-*t /+t/tt/o+ or *>>re>*te o/+t/tt/o+ b< :-/c- *+ /+e5e+e+t oc/et< *e *+

c*rr/e ot t-oe re o *ct/o+ :-/c- *re ++ece*r< to

e+*be e+ to /;e /+ * oc/* t*te, or :-/c- *re /5oe

5o+ t-e 5eo5e or/+> t-*t oc/et< b< t-oe :-o 5oe

t-e 5o:er or *t-or/t< o 5recr/b/+> t-e. Go;er+e+t /

t-e *>>re>*te o *t-or/t/e :-/c- re * oc/et>re>*te o

t-oe 5ero+ /+ :-oe -*+ t-e re/+ o >o;er+e+t *re

or t-e t/e be/+> t-e c-/e /+/ter or -e* o

e5*rte+tH. o;/er, L*: D/ct/o+*ro;er+e+t *+



56/294

*/+/tr*t/o+ *re +ot *:*o;er+e+t / ote+ e or */+/tr*t/o+.

I+ t-e *ct o Co+>re o "< 14, 17B, coo+< +o:+ *t-e Se/t/o+ Act, /t / *e *+ oPe+e to :r/te, 5r/+t,

tter, or 5b/-e, or to +o:/+>< *+ ://+>< */t or

*/ /+ :r/t/+>, 5r/+t/+>, tter/+>, or 5b/-/+> *+< *e,

c*+*o, *+ */c/o :r/t/+> or :r/t/+> *>*/+t t-e

Go;er+e+t o t-e &+/te St*te, or e/t-er %oe o t-e

Co+>re o t-e &+/te St*te, or t-e $re/e+t o t-e

&+/te St*te, :/t- /+te+t to e*e t-e */ Go;er+e+t,or e/t-er %oe o t-e */ Co+>re, or t-e */ $re/e+t,

or to br/+> t-e, or e/t-er o t-e, /+to co+te5t or

/re5te, or to ec/te *>*/+t t-e or e/t-er or *+< o

t-e t-e -*tre o t-e >oo 5eo5e o t-e &+/te St*te,

etc. T-e ter >o;er+e+t :o *55e*r to be e -ere

/+ t-e *btr*ct e+e o t-e e/t/+> 5o/t/c* /-e ro t-e co+crete or>*+/ o t-e

Go;er+e+t X t-e %oe o Co+>re *+ t-e Eect/;e

X :-/c- *re *o 5ec/*< e+t/o+e.

&5o+ t-e :-oe, :e *re o t-e o5/+/o+ t-*t t-/ / t-e e+e

/+ :-/c- t-e ter / e /+ t-e e+*cte+t +er

co+/er*t/o+.It *< be */ t-*t t-ere c*+ be +o c- t-/+> * *

crr/o /be, or *+< ort o * /be, 5o+ *+ *btr*ct/o+

/e t-e Go;er+e+t /+ t-e e+e o t-e *: *+

/+t/tt/o+ o * co+tr>et/o+ / t-*t t-e e5re/o+ crr/o /be / +ot

e /+ ect/o+ B o Act No. 22 /+ t-e e+e /+ :-/c- /t /e /+ t-e >e+er* /be *: Act No. 277H X t-*t /, /+ t-e

http://philippinelaw.info/statutes/act292.htmlhttp://philippinelaw.info/statutes/act277.htmlhttp://philippinelaw.info/statutes/act292.htmlhttp://philippinelaw.info/statutes/act277.html


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e+e o :r/tte+ e**t/o+ o /+/;/* X bt /+ t-e

:/er e+e, /+ :-/c- /t / *55/e /+ t-e coo+ *: to

b*5-eo, obce+e, or e/t/o 5b/c*t/o+ /+ :-/c-

t-ere *< be +o eee+t o e**t/o+ :-*te;er. T-e:or W/beW * 5o5*r< e, ee to e*+ o+<

e**tor< :orM bt :or :r/tte+, / obce+e,

b*5-eo, or e/t/o, *re tec-+/c*< c*e /be, *+

t-e 5b/c*t/o+ o t-e /, b< t-e *: o E+>*+, *+

/+/ct*be oPe+e. r**>- vs. T-e ee+, = . . D.,

607, 627, 5er r*:e L. ". See Co. vs. +ee*+, 20

$/c., 206, 211.H

!-/e /be 5o+ or o >o;er+e+t, +co++ecte :/t-

e**t/o+ o /+/;/*, t /+ t-e +*tre o t-/+> be

o +coo+ occrre+ce, t-e oPe+e / b< +o e*+ *+

/*>/+*r< o+e. A+ /+t*+ce o * 5roect/o+ or *+ oPe+e

ee+t/*< o t-/ +*tre / Re5b/c* vs. De++/e, 4 )e*te

$*.H, 267, :-ere t-e ee+*+t :* /+/cte * * *ct/o

*+ e/t/o 5ero+ o * :/ce /+ *+ +/et *+

trbe+t /5o/t/o+ *+ co+;er*t/o+, e/t/o*/+t t-e c-ee o 5o/t< /+t/tte, *+

5o+ tr/* /+ t-e */ &+/te St*te *+ /+ t-e */

Coo+:e*t-, to oet, /trb, *+ etro< t-e 5e*ce

*+ tr*+//t< o t-e */ &+/te St*te *+ o t-e */

Coo+:e*t-, to co+e+ t-e 5r/+c/5e o t-e

Re;ot/o+, *+ re;/e, e5rec/*te, *+ c*+*/?e t-e

c-*r*cter o t-e Re;ot/o+*r< 5*tr/ot *+ t*tee+, to


58/294

e+*+>er, b;ert, *+ tot*< etro< t-e re5b/c*+

co+t/tt/o+ *+ ree >o;er+e+t o t-e */ &+/te

St*te *+ t-/ Coo+:e*t-, to /+;o;e t-e */ &+/te

St*te *+ t-/ Coo+:e*t- /+ c/;/ :*r, eo*t/o+, *+*+*rc-e

*+ *ter*t/o+ /+ t-e 5r/+c/5e *+ or o t-e */

co+t/tt/o+ *+ >o;er+e+t, :/t-ot t-e ree :/, :/-,

*+ co+crre+ce o t-e 5eo5e o t-e */ &+/te St*te

*+ t-/ Coo+:e*t-, re5ect/;ee be/+>

t-*t to @, 5erect, *+ br/+> to ePect -/ :/ce,

e/t/o, *+ etet*be /+te+t/o+ *ore*/ -e . . .

*e *+

*b-orre+ce. It / o+ /t tr/* -ere *+ /t /e :/ be c/;/

:*r, eo*t/o+, *+ *+*rc-oo *+ bt -er *t /t /er/eM

+o -o+et *+ bt 5roc*/ /t r*, *+ +o br*;e *+

bt r*: -/ :or *>*/+t /t orce. T-e /+t/tt/o+ o *

c-ee o 5o/t< o r*/c*< co+te5t/be *+ ;/c/o / *

eor*be e*5e o :-*t t-e ;/*/+< o oe e+ c*+

e;/e, t-e o< o ot-er rece/;e, *+ bot- et*b/-, /+

e5/te o re*o+, reQect/o+, *+ e+*t/o+.W


59/294

A+ *tt*c 5o+ t-e *:< et*b/-e o;er+e+t /+ t-e $-//55/+e I*+, /e t-*t :-/c- De++/e

:* *cce o */+> 5o+ t-e re5b/c*+ or o

>o;er+e+t *:< et*b/-e /+ t-e &+/te St*te *+ /+t-e St*te o $e++*>e, co+t/tte t-e 5rec/e oPe+e

ecr/be /+ ect/o+ B o Act No. 22 * * crr/o /be

*>*/+t t-e I+*r Go;er+e+t o t-e $-//55/+e I*+.

De**t/o+ o /+/;/*, :-et-er -o/+> oc/* 5o/t/o+

or +ot, *+ :-et-er /recte to t-e/r 5b/c co+ct or tot-e/r 5r/;*te /e, *< *:*e+er* /be *:. De**t/o+ o t-e C/;/

Co//o+ * *+ *>>re>*t/o+, /t be/+> * bo< o 5ero+

e@+/te *+ * e+o>- or /t /+/;/* eber to be

reco>+/?e * c- Ste5-e+, D/>et o t-e Cr//+* L*:,

*rt. 277H, * :e * e**t/o+ o *+< o t-e /+/;/*

eber o t-e Co//o+ or o t-e C/;/ Go;er+or, e/t-er

/+ -/ 5b/c c*5*c/t< or * * 5r/;*te /+/;/*, *< be o

5+/-e. T-e >e+er* /be *: e+*cte b< t-e Co//o+

:* /+ orce :-e+ Act No. 22, :* 5*e. T-ere :* +o

occ*/o+ or *+< rt-er e>/*t/o+ o+ t-e bJect o /be

*>*/+t t-e /+/;/* b< :-o t-e I+*r Go;er+e+t /

*/+/tere X *>*/+t t-e I+*r Go;er+e+t /+ t-ee+e o t-e *>>re>*te o c- /+/;/*. T-ere :*

occ*/o+ or tr/+>e+t e>/*t/o+ *>*/+t e/t/o :or or

/be, *+ t-*t / t-e */+ / +ot t-e oe 5r5oe o t-e

ect/o+ +er co+/er*t/o+. It / +ot +re*o+*be to

55oe t-*t t-e Co//o+, /+ e+*ct/+> t-/ ect/o+, *<

-*;e co+ce/;e o *tt*c o * */>+*+t or crr/o

+*tre 5o+ t-e e/t/+> 5o/t/c*


60/294

St*te, or t-e 5o/t/c* to e/t/o+. %* t-/

bee+ t-e/r ;/e: /t ee 5rob*be t-*t t-e< :o, /e t-e

r*er o t-e Se/t/o+ Act o 17B, -*;e e5re< *+

5ec/@c*< e+t/o+e t-e ;*r/o 5b/c oc/* *+

coe>/*te >o;er+e+t* bo/e e**t/o+ o :-/c- t-e<

e*+t to 5+/- * e/t/o+.

T-e *rt/ce /+ et/o+ co+t*/+ +o *tt*c 5o+ t-e

>o;er+e+t* - >ro< *b/;e * re5ect bot- t-e

Co//o+ * * bo< *+ oe o /t /+/;/* eber,

/t co+t*/+ +o *tt*c 5o+ t-e >o;er+e+t* o;er+e+t b< * C/;/

Co//o+ *+ * C/;/ Go;er+or / +ot **/e. It / t-e

c-*r*cter o t-e e+ :-o *re /+trte :/t- t-e

*/+/tr*t/o+ o t-e >o;er+e+t t-*t t-e :r/ter / ee/+>

to br/+> /+to /re5te b< /5>+/+> t-e 5r/t< o t-e/r

ot/;e, t-e/r 5b/c /+te>r/te+t o co+;/ct/o+ / re;ere *+ t-e ee+*+t

*re *c/tte, :/t- cot de o"io.

rellano, C.5. Torres, -illard and $apa, 55., "on"ur.



61/294

[G.R. No. L8697. No;eber 2,196.] LEO$OLDO T. ACANI

*+ #ATEO A. #ATOTO,$*/+t/P8A55eee, ;.NATIONAL COCON&TCOR$ORATION, ET AL.,

Dee+*+t, NATIONALCOCON&T COR$ORATION *+OARD OF LI&IDATORS,Dee+*+t8A55e*+t. 3NOVE#ER 196EN 8AN(

C&.'. No. L"95-/.Nove6er 29$ 19-5.

LEO;OLDO ). 8A(ANI a!d MA)EO A.

MA)O)O$ ainti>s" &ppeees$ vs. NA)IONAL

(O(ON+) (O';O'A)ION$ E) AL.$ $eendants$

NA)IONAL (O(ON+) (O';O'A)ION a!d 8OA'D O

LI*+IDA)O'S$ $eendants" &ppeants.

D E ( I S I O N

8A+)IS)A AN&ELO$ =.:

6lainti7s -ere/+ *re cort te+o>r*5-er */>+e /+ r*+c-

VI o t-e Cort o F/rt I+t*+ce o #*+/*. Dr/+> t-e


62/294

5e+e+c< o C/;/ C*e No. 22= o */ cort, e+t/te

Fr*+c/co Sr*5-er or co5/e ot-e tr*+cr/5t o t-e te+o>r*5-/c +ote t*e+ b< t-e

r/+> t-e -e*r/+>. 6lainti7s co5/e :/t- t-e reet b<

e/;er/+> to Co+e A/5** t-e +eee tr*+cr/5t

co+t*/+/+> 714 5*>e *+ t-ere*ter b/tte to -/ t-e/r

b/ or t-e 5*e.

&5o+ /+5ect/+> t-e boo o t-/ cor5or*t/o+, t-e A/tor

Ge+er* /*o:e t-e 5*-t

t-e reco;er< o t-e *o+t 5*/. O+ "*+*r< 1, 19=, t-e

A/tor Ge+er* re/re t-e 6lainti7s to re/bre */

*o+t o+ t-e tre+>t- o * c/rc*r o t-e De5*rte+t o

"t/ce :-ere/+ t-e o5/+/o+ :* e5ree t-*t t-e N*t/o+*

Coco+t Cor5or*t/o+, be/+> * >o;er+e+t e+t/t


63/294

efendants et 5 * * ee+e t-*t t-e N*t/o+* Coco+t

Cor5or*t/o+ / * >o;er+e+t e+t/t< :/t-/+ t-e 5r;/e: o

ect/o+ 2 o t-e Re;/e A/+/tr*t/;e Coe o 117 *+,

-e+ce, /t / ee5t ro 5* t-e te+o>r*5-erK ee+er Re 1=0 o t-e Re o Cort. Ater tr/*, t-e cort

o+ or t-e 6lainti7sec*r/+> 1H

t-*t efendant N*t/o+* Coco+t Cor5or*t/o+ / +ot *

>o;er+e+t e+t/t< :/t-/+ t-e 5r;/e: o ect/o+ 16, Re

1=0 o t-e Re o CortM c-*+ robe;/rt**:/br*r*M c-*+ robe;/rt**:/br*r*t/o+ :-*toe;er to *e * re+ o t-ee

5** ee 5ro;/e or t-ere/+, *+ *o+> t-ee ee *re

t-oe :-/c- te+o>r*5-er *< c-*r>e or t-e tr*+cr/5t o

+ote t*e+ b< t-e t-*t *< be reete b< *+<

/+terete 5ero+ ect/o+ BH. T-e ee /+ et/o+ *re ort-e tr*+cr/5t o +ote t*e+ r/+> t-e -e*r/+> o * c*e /+

:-/c- t-e N*t/o+* Coco+t Cor5or*t/o+ / /+terete, *+

t-e tr*+cr/5t :* reete b< /t */t*+t cor5or*te

co+e or t-e e o */ cor5or*t/o+.

O+ t-e ot-er -*+, ect/o+ 2 o t-e Re;/e A/+/tr*t/;e

Coe e@+e t-e co5e o t-e ter Go;er+e+t o t-e


64/294

Re5b/c o t-e $-//55/+e *

oo:3c-*+robe;/rt**:/br*r<

T-e Go;er+e+t o t-e $-//55/+e I*+K / * ter :-/c-reer to t-e cor5or*te >o;er+e+t* e+t/t< t-ro>- :-/c-

t-e +ct/o+ o >o;er+e+t *re eerc/e t-ro>-ot t-e

$-//55/+e I*+, /+c/+>, *;e * t-e co+tr*r< *55e*r

ro t-e co+tet, t-e ;*r/o *r t-ro>- :-/c- 5o/t/c*

*t-or/t< / *e ePect/;e /+ */ I*+, :-et-er

5ert*/+/+> to t-e ce+tr* Go;er+e+t or to t-e 5ro;/+c/* or

+/c/5* br*+c-e or ot-er or o oc* >o;er+e+t.

T-e et/o+ +o: to be eter/+e / :-et-er t-e N*t/o+*

Coco+t Cor5or*t/o+ *< be co+/ere * /+ce /+ t-e

ter Go;er+e+t o t-e Re5b/c o t-e $-//55/+e or

t-e 5r5oe o t-e ee5t/o+ o t-e e>* ee 5ro;/e

or /+ Re 1=0 o t-e Re o Cort.

A *< be +ote, t-e ter Go;er+e+t o t-e Re5b/c o

t-e $-//55/+e reer to * >o;er+e+t e+t/t< t-ro>-

:-/c- t-e +ct/o+ o >o;er+e+t *re eerc/e, /+c/+>

t-e ;*r/o *r t-ro>- :-/c- 5o/t/c* *t-or/t< / *e

ePect/;e /+ t-e $-//55/+e, :-et-er 5ert*/+/+> to t-e

ce+tr* >o;er+e+t or to t-e 5ro;/+c/* or +/c/5*

br*+c-e or ot-er or o oc* >o;er+e+t. T-/ re/re */tte />re/o+ o+ t-e +*tre *+ +ct/o+ o or

>o;er+e+t * /+t/tte /+ or Co+t/tt/o+.

To be>/+ :/t-, :e t*te t-*t t-e ter Go;er+e+t *<

be e@+e * t-*t /+t/tt/o+ or *>>re>*te o /+t/tt/o+

b< :-/c- *+ /+e5e+e+t oc/et< *e *+ c*rr/e ot

t-oe re o *ct/o+ :-/c- *re +ece*r< to e+*be e+ to


65/294

/;e /+ * oc/* t*te, or :-/c- *re /5oe 5o+ t-e 5eo5e

or/+> t-*t oc/et< b< t-oe :-o 5oe t-e 5o:er or

*t-or/t< o 5recr/b/+> t-e &.S. ;. Dorr, 2 $-/., ==2H.

T-/ /+t/tt/o+, :-e+ reerr/+> to t-e +*t/o+* >o;er+e+t,-* reere+ce to :-*t or Co+t/tt/o+ -* et*b/-e

co5oe o t-ree >re*t e5*rte+t, t-e e>/*t/;e,

eect/;e, *+ t-e J/c/*, t-ro>- :-/c- t-e 5o:er *+

+ct/o+ o >o;er+e+t *re eerc/e. T-ee +ct/o+ *re

t:oo3c-*+robe;/rt**:/br*r< co+t/tte *+

/+/tr*+t. T-e orer *re t-oe :-/c- co+t/tte t-e ;er<

bo+ o oc/et< *+ *re co5or< /+ +*treM c-*+

robe;/rt**:/br*r t-e >e+er* /+teret

o oc/et o orer *+ 5ro;//+> or t-e 5rotect/o+

o 5ero+ *+ 5ro5ert< ro ;/oe+ce *+ robber o t-e e>* re*t/o+ bet:ee+ *+ *+ :/e

*+ bet:ee+ 5*re+t *+ c-/re+.

=HT-e re>*t/o+ o t-e -o/+>, tr*+//o+, *+

/+terc-*+>e o 5ro5ert-t bet:ee+

/+/;/*.

9HT-e e@+/t/o+ *+ 5+/-e+t o cr/e.

6HT-e */+/tr*t/o+ o Jt/ce /+ c/;/ c*e.


66/294

7HT-e eter/+*t/o+ o t-e 5o/t/c* t/e, 5r/;/e>e, *+

re*t/o+ o c/t/?e+.

BHDe*/+> o t-e t*te :/t- ore/>+5o:er3c-*+robe;/rt**:/br*r< t-e 5reer;*t/o+ o t-e

t*te ro eter+* *+>er or e+cro*c-e+t *+ t-e

*;*+cee+t o /t /+ter+*t/o+* /+teret.K #*co, T-e

Go;er+e+t o t-e $-//55/+e I*+, 5. 1.H

T-e ot /5ort*+t o t-e /+/tr*+t +ct/o+

*re3c-*+robe;/rt**:/br*r< 5b/c :or, 5b/cec*t/o+, 5b/c c-*r/t*t/o+,

*+ re>*t/o+ o tr*e *+ /+tr :-et-er or +ot * >o;er+e+t -* eerc/e cert*/+

o t-ee o5t/o+* +ct/o+ *re3c-*+robe;/rt**:/br*r<

1H t-*t * >o;er+e+t -o o or t-e 5b/c :e*re

t-oe t-/+> :-/c- 5r/;*te c*5/t* :o +ot +*tr*<

+ert*e *+ 2H t-*t * >o;er+e+t -o o t-eet-/+> :-/c- b< /t ;er< +*tre /t / better e/55e to

*/+/ter or t-e 5b/c :e*re t-*+ / *+< 5r/;*te

/+/;/* or >ro5 o /+/;/*. #*co, T-e

Go;er+e+t o t-e $-//55/+e I*+, 55. 1820.H

Fro t-e *bo;e :e *< /+er t-*t, tr/ct< 5e*/+>, t-ere

*re +ct/o+ :-/c- or >o;er+e+t / re/re to eerc/eto 5roote /t obJect/;e * e5ree /+ or Co+t/tt/o+

*+ :-/c- *re eerc/e b< /t * *+ *ttr/bte o

o;ere/>+tre *+ 5ro5er/t< o t-e 5eo5e.

To t-/ *tter c* beo+> t-e or>*+/?*t/o+ o t-oe

cor5or*t/o+ o:+e or co+troe b< t-e >o;er+e+t to5roote cert*/+ *5ect o t-e eco+o/c /e o or 5eo5e


67/294

c- * t-e N*t/o+* Coco+t Cor5or*t/o+. T-ee *re :-*t

:e c* >o;er+e+t8o:+e or co+troe cor5or*t/o+ :-/c-

*< t*e o+ t-e or o * 5r/;*te e+ter5r/e or o+e

or>*+/?e :/t- 5o:er *+ or* c-*r*cter/t/c o *5r/;*te cor5or*t/o+ +er t-e Cor5or*t/o+ L*:.

T-e et/o+ t-*t +o: *r/e /3c-*+robe;/rt**:/br*r<

Doe t-e *ct t-*t t-ee cor5or*t/o+ 5eror cert*/+

+ct/o+ o >o;er+e+t *e t-e * 5*rt o t-e

Go;er+e+t o t-e $-//55/+e

T-e *+:er / /5e3c-*+robe;/rt**:/br*r< t-e< o

+ot *c/re t-*t t*t or t-e /5e re*o+ t-*t t-e< o

+ot coe +er t-e c*/@c*t/o+ o +/c/5* or 5b/c

cor5or*t/o+. T*e or /+t*+ce t-e N*t/o+* Coco+t

Cor5or*t/o+. !-/e /t :* or>*+/?e :/t- t-e 5r5oe o

*Jt/+> t-e coco+t /+tr< to * 5o/t/o+ /+e5e+e+t

o tr*e 5reere+ce /+ t-e &+/te St*te *+ o 5ro;//+>F*c//t/e or t-e better cr/+> o co5r* 5roct *+ t-e

5ro5er t//?*t/o+ o coco+t bo;er+e+t -* c-oe+ to eerc/e to 5roote t-e

coco+t /+tr/;e+ * cor5or*te 5o:er

e5*r*te *+ /t/+ct ro or >o;er+e+t, or /t :* *e

bJect to t-e 5ro;//o+ o or Cor5or*t/o+ L*: /+ o *r */t cor5or*te e/te+ce *+ t-e 5o:er t-*t /t *< eerc/e

*re co+cer+e ect/o+ 2 *+ 4, Coo+:e*t- Act No.

91BH. It *< e *+ be e /+ t-e *e *++er * *+<

ot-er 5r/;*te cor5or*t/o+, *+ /+ t-/ e+e /t / *+ e+t/t<

/Pere+t ro or >o;er+e+t. A t-/ Cort -* *5t< */,

T-e ere *ct t-*t t-e Go;er+e+t -*55e+ to be *

*Jor/t< toc-oer oe +ot *e /t * 5b/c cor5or*t/o+


68/294

N*t/o+* Co* Co. ;. Coector o I+ter+* Re;e+e, 46

$-/., 9B689B7H. < beco/+> * toc-oer /+ t-e N*t/o+*

Co* Co5*++ c-*r*cter o *r * re5ect t-e tr*+*ct/o+ ot-e cor5or*t/o+ cr**: . &+/e t-e Go;er+e+t, t-e

cor5or*t/o+ *< be e :/t-ot /t co+e+t, *+ / bJect

to t**t/o+. )et t-e N*t/o+* Co* Co5*+< re*/+ *+

*>e+c< or /+tre+t*/t< o >o;er+e+t. Go;er+e+t o

t-e $-//55/+e I*+ ;. S5r/+>er, 90 $-/., 2BB.H

To rec*5/t*te, :e *< e+t/o+ t-*t t-e terGo;er+e+t o t-e Re5b/c o t-e $-//55/+e e /+

ect/o+ 2 o t-e Re;/e A/+/tr*t/;e Coe reer o+< to

t-*t >o;er+e+t e+t/t< t-ro>- :-/c- t-e +ct/o+ o t-e

>o;er+e+t *re eerc/e * *+ *ttr/bte o o;ere/>+t- :-/c- 5o/t/c*

*t-or/t< / *e ePect/;e :-et-er t-e< be 5ro;/+c/*,

+/c/5* or ot-er or o oc* >o;er+e+t. T-ee *re

:-*t :e c* +/c/5* cor5or*t/o+. T-e< o +ot /+ce

>o;er+e+t e+t/t/e :-/c- *re >/;e+ * cor5or*te

5ero+*/t< e5*r*te *+ /t/+ct ro t-e >o;er+e+t *+

:-/c- *re >o;er+e b< t-e Cor5or*t/o+ L*:. T-e/r 5o:er,

t/e *+ /*b//t/e -*;e to be eter/+e /+ t-e />-t o

t-*t *: *+ o t-e/r cor5or*te c-*rter. T-e< o +ott-ereore coe :/t-/+ t-e ee5t/o+ c*e 5recr/be /+

ect/o+ 16, Re 1=0 o or Re o Cort.

$b/c cor5or*t/o+ *re t-oe ore or or>*+/?e or t-e

>o;er+e+t o * 5ort/o+ o t-e St*te. Sect/o+ =, Re5b/c

Act No. 149, Cor5or*t/o+ L*:H.


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T-e >e+er*< *cce5te e@+/t/o+ o * +/c/5*

cor5or*t/o+ :o o+< /+ce or>*+/?e c/t/e *+ to:+,

*+ /e or>*+/?*t/o+, :/t- 5o/t/c* *+ e>/*t/;e 5o:er

or t-e oc*, c/;/ >o;er+e+t *+ 5o/ce re>*t/o+ o t-e/+-*b/t*+t o t-e 5*rt/c*r /tr/ct /+ce /+ t-e

bo+*r/e o t-e cor5or*t/o+.K %eer ;. Stree, 92 #o.

=0, =12.

I+ /t ore >e+er* e+e t-e 5-r*e +/c/5*

cor5or*t/o+K *< /+ce bot- to:+ *+ co+t/e, *+

ot-er 5b/c cor5or*t/o+ cre*te b< >o;er+e+t or5o/t/c* 5r5oe. I+ /t ore coo+ *+ //te

/>+/@c*t/o+, /t ebr*ce o+< /+cor5or*te ;/*>e, to:+

*+ c/t/e. D++ ;. Cort o Co+t< Re;e+e, B9 A*. 144,

146, 4 So. 661. #c//+, #+/c/5* Cor5or*t/o+, 2+

e., Vo. 1, 5. =B9.H

!e *o;er+e+t, o t-e /+-*b/t*+t o *

5*rt/c*r 5*ce or /tr/ct, *+ *t-or/?/+> t-e /+ t-e/r

cor5or*te c*5*c/t< to eerc/e bor/+*te 5ec/@e

5o:er o e>/*t/o+ *+ re>*t/o+ :/t- re5ect to t-e/r

oc* *+ /+ter+* co+cer+. T-/ 5o:er o oc* >o;er+e+t/ t-e /t/+ct/;e 5r5oe *+ t-e /t/+>/-/+> e*tre o

* +/c/5* cor5or*t/o+ 5ro5er. D/o+, #+/c/5*

Cor5or*t/o+, 9t- e., Vo. I, 5. 9.H

It / tre t-*t +er ect/o+ B, Re 1=0, te+o>r*5-er *<

o+< c-*r>e * ee $0.=0 or e*c- 5*>e o tr*+cr/5t o +ot

e t-*+ 200 :or beore t-e *55e* / t*e+ *+ $0.19or e*c- 5*>e *ter t-e @/+> o t-e *55e*, bt /+ t-/ c*e


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t-e N*t/o+* Coco+t Cor5or*t/o+ -* *>ree *+ /+ *ct

-* 5*/ $1.00 5er 5*>e or t-e er;/ce re+ere b<

t-e 6lainti7s *+ -* +ot r*/e *+< obJect/o+ to t-e

*o+t 5*/ +t/ /t 5ro5r/et< :* /5te b< t-e A/torGe+er*. T-e 5*oe

be*r t-e et/o+ o 5rocere r*/e bt-*t t-/ c*e reer +ot to * o+e< c*/ /*55ro;e b<

t-e A/tor Ge+er* bt to *+ *ct/o+ o 5ro-/b/t/o+ t-e

5r5oe o :-/c- / to retr*/+ t-e oc/* co+cer+e ro

ect/+> ro 6lainti7sK **r/e t-e *o+t 5*/ to t-e

* te+o>r*5-erK ee. T-/ c*e oe +ot coe +er

ect/o+ 1, Re 49 o t-e Re o Cort re*t/;e to *55e*

ro * ec//o+ o t-e A/tor Ge+er*.

!-ereore, t-e ec//o+ *55e*e ro / *re, :/t-ot

5ro+o+cee+t * to cot.

;aras$ /.=.$ 8e!4o!$ ;ad,,a$ Mo!te6ayor$ Larador$

(o!cepco!$ 'eyes$ 7. 8. L.$ E!de!ca a!d e,$ ==.$

co!cur.

G.R. No. L8214B4


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Repu8li" of the 6hilippines

?#3M3 /'?#"

$anila

9 BC

7.#. No. !-21 Nove4ber 2(+ 1(@(

"83 &7#I/?!"?#&! /#3$I" and /''3#&"IA3

FIN&N/IN7 &$MINI"#&"I'N 9&//F&


72/294

involved related, only one de"ision is now rendered in

these two "ases.

The %ri"ultural Credit and Cooperative inan"in%

d!inistration >CC? was a %overn!ent a%en"y "reated

under Repu8li" "t o. &21, as a!ended. Its ad!inistrative

!a"hinery was reor%ani3ed and its na!e "han%ed to

%ri"ultural Credit d!inistration >C? under the Land

Refor! Code >Repu8li" "t o. (&44?. ;n the other hand,

the CC 0upervisors sso"iation >0? and the CC

-orkers sso"iation >-?, hereinafter referred to as the

:nions, are la8or or%ani3ations "o!posed of the

supervisors and the rankandle e!ployees, respe"tively,

in the CC >now C?.

.R. o. L214&4

;n 0epte!8er 4, 1'=1 a "olle"tive 8ar%ainin% a%ree!ent,

whi"h was to 8e e7e"tive for a period of one >1? year fro! 5uly 1, 1'=1, was entered into 8y and 8etween the :nions

and the CC. few !onths thereafter, the :nions

started protestin% a%ainst alle%ed violations and non

i!ple!entation of said a%ree!ent. inally, on ;"to8er 2),

1'=2 the :nions de"lared a strike, whi"h was ended when

the strikers voluntarily returned to work on ove!8er 2=,

1'=2.

;n ;"to8er (@, 1'=2 the :nions, to%ether with its !other

union, the Confederation of :nions in overn!ent

Corporations and ;Case

o. (4)@:L6? for havin% alle%edly "o!!itted a"ts of

unfair la8or pra"ti"e, na!ely violation of the "olle"tive


73/294

8ar%ainin% a%ree!ent in order to dis"oura%e the !e!8ers

of the :nions in the eAer"ise of their ri%ht to self

or%ani3ation, dis"ri!ination a%ainst said !e!8ers in the

!atter of pro!otions, and refusal to 8ar%ain. The CC

denied the "har%es and interposed as a


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2. -hether or not the "olle"tive 8ar%ainin% a%ree!ent

8etween the petitioner and the respondent union is validD if

valid, whether or not it has already lapsedD and if not,

whether or not its >si"? frin%e 8enets are already

enfor"ea8le.

(. -hether or not there is a le%al and/or fa"tual 8asis for

the ndin% of the respondent "ourt that the petitioner had

"o!!itted a"ts of unfair la8or pra"ti"e.

4. -hether or not it is within the "o!peten"e of the "ourt

to enfor"e the "olle"tive 8ar%ainin% a%ree!ent 8etween

the petitioner and the respondent unions, the sa!e havin%

already eApired.

.R. o. L2(=@)

urin% the penden"y of the a8ove !entioned "ase >.R.

o. L214&4?, spe"i"ally on u%ust &, 1'=(, the 6resident

of the 6hilippines si%ned into law the %ri"ultural Land

Refor! Code >Repu8li" "t o. (&44?, whi"h a!on% other

thin%s reEuired the reor%ani3ation of the ad!inistrative

!a"hinery of the %ri"ultural Credit and Cooperative

inan"in% d!inistration >CC? and "han%ed its na!e to

%ri"ultural Credit d!inistration >C?. ;n $ar"h 1*,1'=4 the CC 0upervisors sso"iation and the CC

-orkers sso"iation led a petition for "erti"ation

ele"tion with the Court of Industrial Relations >Case o.

1(2*$C? prayin% that they 8e "ertied as the eA"lusive

8ar%ainin% a%ents for the supervisors and rankandle

e!ployees, respe"tively, in the C. The trial Court in its

order dated $ar"h (@, 1'=4 dire"ted the $ana%er or


75/294

;


76/294

dis!issed the petition for Fla"k of adeEuate alle%ations,F

8ut the dis!issal was later re"onsidered when the C

"o!plied with the for!al reEuire!ent stated in said

resolution. s prayed for, this Court ordered the CIR to stay

the eAe"ution of its order of $ay 21, 1'=4.

In this appeal, the C in e7e"t "hallen%es the +urisdi"tion

of the CIR to entertain the petition of the :nions for

"erti"ation ele"tion on the %round that it >C? is en%a%ed

in %overn!ental fun"tions. The :nions +oin the issue on

this sin%le point, "ontendin% that the C for!s

proprietary fun"tions.

:nder 0e"tion ( of the %ri"ultural Land Refor! Code the

C was esta8lished, a!on% other %overn!ental

a%en"ies,1 to eAtend "redit and si!ilar assistan"e to

a%ri"ulture, in pursuan"e of the poli"y enun"iated in

0e"tion 2 as follows

09C. 2. e"laration of 6oli"y. G It is the poli"y of the 0tate

>1? To esta8lish owner"ultivatorships and the e"ono!i"

fa!ilysi3e far! as the 8asis of 6hilippine a%ri"ulture and,

as a "onseEuen"e, divert landlord "apital in a%ri"ulture to

industrial develop!entD

>2? To a"hieve a di%nied eAisten"e for the s!all far!ers

free fro! perni"ious institutional restraints and pra"ti"esD

>(? To "reate a truly via8le so"ial and e"ono!i" stru"ture in

a%ri"ulture "ondu"ive to %reater produ"tivity and hi%her

far! in"o!esD


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>4? To apply all la8or laws eEually and without

dis"ri!ination to 8oth industrial and a%ri"ultural wa%e

earnersD

>)? To provide a !ore vi%orous and syste!ati" land

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