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IBP vs. ZAMORA G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000 FACTS: A special civil action for certiorari and prohibition with prayer for issuance of a temporary restraining order seeking to nullify the order of President Estrada, for commanding the deployment of the Philippine Marines to join the Philippine National Police in visibility patrols around the metropolis. In view of the alarming increase in violent crimes in Metro Manila, like robberies, kidnappings and carnappings. The President, in a verbal directive, ordered the PNP and the Phil. Marines to conduct the joint visibility patrols for the purpose of crime prevention and suppression. The Secretary of National Defense, the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, the PNP Chief and the Secretary of the Interior and Local Government were tasked to execute and implement the said order. Subsequently, the President confirmed his previous directive on the deployment of the Marines in a Memorandum, dated 24 January 2000, addressed to the Chief of Staff of the AFP and the PNP Chief. The selected areas for deployment under the Memo are: Monumento Circle, North EDSA (SM City)), Araneta Shopping Center, Greenhills, SM Megamall, Makati Commercial Center, LRT/MRT Stations, Airports (NAIA and Domestic). On 17 January 2000, IBP filed the instant petition to annul the Memo and to declare the deployment of the Philippine Marines, null and void. ISSUES: 1. Whether or not the President committed grave abuse of discretion in issuing the assailed Memo. 2. Whether or not the deployment of Marines violates the Supremacy clause. 3. Whether or not the deployment of the Marines to assist the PNP unmakes the civilian character of the police force and amounts to “insidious incursion” of the military in the task of law enforcement in violation of Section 5(4), Article XVI of the Constitution. 4. Whether or not petitioner has legal standing HELD/RATIO 1. No What IBP question is the basis for calling of the Marines under the foretasted provision. According to them, no emergency exists that would justify the need for calling of the military to assist the police force. The court ruled in the negative saying that the power of the President involved may be no more than the maintenance of the general welfare. When the President calls the Armed Forces to prevent or suppress lawless violence, invasion or rebellion, he necessarily exercises discretionary power solely vested in his wisdom. The present petition fails to discharge such heavy burden as there is no evidence to support the assertion that there exists no justification for calling out the armed forces. There is, likewise, no evidence to support that the President acted with grave abuse of discretion.

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IBP  vs.  ZAMORA  

G.R.  No.  141284,  August  15,  2000  

FACTS:  

  A  special  civil  action  for  certiorari  and  prohibition  with  prayer  for  issuance  of  a  temporary  restraining  order  seeking  to  nullify  the  order  of  President  Estrada,  for  commanding  the  deployment  of  the  Philippine  Marines  to  join  the  Philippine  National  Police  in  visibility  patrols  around  the  metropolis.  In  view  of  the  alarming  increase  in  violent  crimes  in  Metro  Manila,  like  robberies,  kidnappings  and  carnappings.  The  President,  in  a  verbal  directive,  ordered  the  PNP  and  the  Phil.  Marines  to  conduct  the  joint  visibility  patrols  for  the  purpose  of  crime  prevention  and  suppression.  The  Secretary  of  National  Defense,  the  Chief  of  Staff  of  the  Armed  Forces  of  the  Philippines,  the  PNP  Chief  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  and  Local  Government  were  tasked  to  execute  and  implement  the  said  order.  

  Subsequently,  the  President  confirmed  his  previous  directive  on  the  deployment  of  the  Marines  in  a  Memorandum,  dated  24  January  2000,  addressed  to  the  Chief  of  Staff  of  the  AFP  and  the  PNP  Chief.  The  selected  areas  for  deployment  under  the  Memo  are:  Monumento  Circle,  North  EDSA  (SM  City)),  Araneta  Shopping  Center,  Greenhills,  SM  Megamall,  Makati  Commercial  Center,  LRT/MRT  Stations,  Airports  (NAIA  and  Domestic).  

  On  17  January  2000,  IBP  filed  the  instant  petition  to  annul  the  Memo  and  to  declare  the  deployment  of  the  Philippine  Marines,  null  and  void.    

ISSUES:  

1. Whether  or  not  the  President  committed  grave  abuse  of  discretion  in  issuing  the  assailed  Memo.  2. Whether  or  not  the  deployment  of  Marines  violates  the  Supremacy  clause.    3. Whether  or  not  the  deployment  of  the  Marines  to  assist  the  PNP  unmakes  the  civilian  character  of  the  

police  force  and  amounts  to  “insidious  incursion”  of  the  military  in  the  task  of  law  enforcement  in  violation  of  Section  5(4),  Article  XVI  of  the  Constitution.  

4. Whether  or  not  petitioner  has  legal  standing  

HELD/RATIO  

1. No  • What  IBP  question  is  the  basis  for  calling  of  the  Marines  under  the  foretasted  provision.  

According  to  them,  no  emergency  exists  that  would  justify  the  need  for  calling  of  the  military  to  assist  the  police  force.  

• The  court  ruled  in  the  negative  saying  that  the  power  of  the  President  involved  may  be  no  more  than  the  maintenance  of  the  general  welfare.    

• When  the  President  calls  the  Armed  Forces  to  prevent  or  suppress  lawless  violence,  invasion  or  rebellion,  he  necessarily  exercises  discretionary  power  solely  vested  in  his  wisdom.  

• The  present  petition  fails  to  discharge  such  heavy  burden  as  there  is  no  evidence  to  support  the  assertion  that  there  exists  no  justification  for  calling  out  the  armed  forces.  There  is,  likewise,  no  evidence  to  support  that  the  President  acted  with  grave  abuse  of  discretion.  

 

 

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2. No  • The  IBP  asserts  that  by  the  deployment  of  the  Marines,  the  civilian  task  of  law  enforcement  is  

“militarized  in  violation  of  Section  3,  Article  II  of  the  Constitution.  • The  calling  of  the  Marines  in  this  case  constitutes  permissible  use  of  military  assets  for  civilian  

law  enforcement.  • It  is  noteworthy  that  the  local  police  forces  are  the  ones  in  charge  of  the  visibility  patrols  at  all  

times,  the  real  authority  belonging  to  the  PNP.  In  fact,  the  Metro  Manila  Police  Chief  is  the  overall  leader  of  the  PNP-­‐Phil.  Marines  joint  visibility  patrols.  

3. No  • The  real  authority  in  these  operations,  as  started  in  the  Memo,  is  lodged  with  the  head  of  a  

civilian  institution,  the  PNP,  and  not  with  the  military.  • Further,  since  none  of  the  Marines  was  incorporated  or  enlisted  as  members  of  the  PNP,  there  

can  be  no  appointment  to  a  civilian  position  to  speak  of.    • The  Marines  rendered  nothing  more  than  assistance  required  in  conducting  patrols.  As  much,  

there  can  be  no  “insidious  incursion”  of  the  military  in  civilian  affairs  nor  can  there  be  a  violation  of  the  civilian  supremacy  clause  in  the  constitution.  

• Lastly,  since  the  institution  of  the  joint  visibility  patrol  in  January  2000,  not  a  single  has  complained  that  his  political  or  civil  rights  have  been  violated  as  a  result  of  the  deployment  of  the  Marines.    

4. The  IBP  has  not  sufficiently  complied  with  the  requisites  of  standings  in  this  case  • Apart  from  this  declaration,  however,  the  IBP  asserts  no  other  basis  in  support  of  its  locus  standi.  

The  mere  invocation  by  the  IBP  of  its  duty  to  preserve  the  rule  of  law  and  nothing  more,  while  undoubtedly  true,  is  not  sufficient  to  clothe  it  with  standing  in  this  case.    

• In  the  case  at  bar,  the  IBP  primarily  anchors  its  standings  on  its  alleged  responsibility  to  uphold  the  rule  of  law  and  the  constitution.  This  is  to  general  an  interest  which  is  shared  by  other  groups  and  the  whole  citizenry.  Because  peace  and  order  are  under  constant  threat  and  lawless  violence  occurs  in  increasing  tempo,  undoubtedly  aggravated  by  the  Mindanao  insurgency  problem,  the  legal  controversy  raised  in  the  petition  almost  certainly  will  not  go  away.  It  will  stare  us  in  the  face  again.  It,  therefore,  behooves  the  Court  to  relax  the  rules  on  the  standing  and  to  resolve  the  issue  now,  rather  than  later.  

• Having  stated  the  foregoing,  it  must  be  emphasized  that  this  court  has  the  discretion  to  take  cognizance  of  a  suit  which  does  not  satisfy  the  requirement  of  legal  standing  when  paramount  interest  is  involved.      

THE  COURT  DISMISSED  THE  PETITIONS  

 

Locus  Standing  or  Locus  standi  has  been  defined  as  a  personal  and  substantial  interest  in  the  case  such  that  the  party  has  sustained  or  will  sustain  direct  injury  as  a  result  of  the  governmental  act  that  is  being  challenged.  The  gist  of  the  question  of  standing  is  whether  or  a  party  alleges  such  personal  stake  in  the  outcome  of  the  controversy  as  to  assure  that  concrete  adverseness  which  sharpens  the  presentation  of  issues  upon  which  the  court  depends  for  illumination  of  difficult  constitutional  questions.