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@MKPGICLG CGW_M^G

@MWK@ICMA GW_M^G

@MW_ GW_M^GKKG LGP L_MI\P LG CBMFFG

GW_M^GHK @MW_\ MA BWFHK _IEB\P

AMW_\B PG@\IMK

LG@IPIMK

HP \M \BG HLFIPPIOICI\Y MA

H~~ci`h|imk km+ 01829-95oy Fgbfg| YHDH_

hehikp| \wrdgy

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Pir Ki`mchp O_H\ZH#^rgpilgk|#Frp G+ HCF#Fr J+ FHDH_@ZYD#Fr _+ \_FGK#Frp Q+ P\_KI@D#Fr F+ AIP@BOH@B#Fr _+ FH_WP\G#jwlegp#

hkl Fr F+ MOMYCG# Pg`|imk _geip|rhr#Bhqike rgehrl |m |bg homqg h~~ci`h|imk ik|rmlw`gl ui|b |bg Gwrm~ghk

@mffippimk ma Bwfhk _ieb|p mk 2 H~ric 8995 hkl rgeip|grgl mk ?0 Fhy8995#

Bhqike rgehrl |m Hr|i`cg 7 ? ma ^rm|m`mc Km+ 88 |m |bg @mkqgk|imk# oyubi`b |bg `mf~g|gk`g |m ghfikg |bg h~~ci`h|imk uhp |rhkpagrrgl |m |bg

@mwr|#Bhqike rgehrl |m |bg @mffippimkp lg`ipimk ma 5 Pg~|gfogr 8992#Bhqike rgehrl |m |bg mopgrqh|imkp pwofi||gl oy |bg rgp~mklgk|

Emqgrkfgk| hkl |bg mopgrqh|imkp ik rg~cy pwofi||gl oy |bg h~~ci`hk|#Bhqike lgciogrh|gl# lg`ilgp hp amccmup:

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? FGBFG\ YHDH_ q+ \W_DGY LG@IPIMK

\BG AH@\P

\bg h~~ci`hk| ip h \wrdipb kh|imkhc# omrk ik 89

7/30/2019 CASE OF YAKAR v. TURKEY

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FGBFG\ YHDH_ q+ \W_DGY LG@IPIMK 0

\bg h~~ci`hk| ugk| |m Oikec ik mrlgr |m ikqgp|ieh|g |bg ubgrghomw|p mabip pmk+ Bg uhp |mcl h| |bg Oikec Egklhrfgrig @mffhkl |bh| bip pmk# ubm

bhl jwp| pwrrgklgrgl |m |bg pg`wri|y amr`gp# bhl ligl ha|gr p|g~~ike mk hfikg+

Ik h cg||gr ma ?? Kmqgfogr 8991 |bg Oikec Egklhrfgrig @mffhklikamrfgl |bg ~woci` ~rmpg`w|mr ik Oikec |bh| |bg h~~ci`hk|p pmk bhl oggkhrrgp|gl mk 85 Kmqgfogr 8991# h| ?+0> ~+f+# ik |bg |mukpbi~ ma Phk`hd kghr|bg qiccheg ma Dhrh~khr hkl bhl oggk |rhkpagrrgl |m |bg Ik|grrmeh|imkLg~hr|fgk| ik |bg ^rmqik`ihc Egklhrfgrig @mffhkl+ Lwrike bipik|grrmeh|imk |bg h~~ci`hk|p pmk bhl p|h|gl |bh| bg dkgu ubgrg |bg omly mabphk Fgri# ubm bhl ligl lwrike |bg `chpbgp ma 81 Kmqgfogr 8991# uhpbillgk+ \bg egklhrfgp# h``mf~hkigl oy Mrbhk# bhl `hrrigl mw| h pghr`b ikmrlgr |m aikl mw| ubgrg |bg omly uhp billgk+ Bmugqgr# Mrbhk bhl ligl ha|gr

p|g~~ike mk h fikg+Mk ?0 Lg`gfogr 8991 |bg h~~ci`hk| aicgl h ~g|i|imk ui|b |bg maai`g ma |bg

Oikec ~woci` ~rmpg`w|mr+ Bg rgxwgp|gl |bh| |bg `mr~pg ma bip pmk og bhklglmqgr |m bif+

Mk 1 Jhkwhry 8995 |bg h~~ci`hk| rgxwgp|gl armf |bg Oikec Egklhrfgrig@mffhkl h``gpp |m hcc ikamrfh|imk hkl lm`wfgk|p `mk`grkike |bg lgh|b mabip pmk+

Ik h cg||gr oy |bg Oikec Egklhrfgrig @mffhkl lh|gl 9 Jhkwhry 8995|bg h~~ci`hk| uhp ikamrfgl |bh| |bg lm`wfgk|p `mk`grkike bip pmkp lgh|bbhl oggk |rhkpagrrgl |m |bg maai`g ma |bg Oikec ~woci` ~rmpg`w|mr hkl |bh||bg @mffhkl bhl km hw|bmri|y |m eiqg ikamrfh|imk |m |bg h~~ci`hk|+ \bgh~~ci`hk| uhp hcpm ikamrfgl |bh| bg `mwcl pggd |bg rgcgqhk| ikamrfh|imkarmf |bg maai`g ma |bg Oikec ~woci` ~rmpg`w|mr mr armf |bg Fikip|ry maIk|grimr+

Mk 8< Fhr`b 8995 |bg h~~ci`hk| aicgl h ~g|i|imk ui|b |bg Fikip|ry maIk|grimr+ \bg h~~ci hk| p|h|gl |bh| bg bhl oggk wkhocg |m rg`giqg hkylm`wfgk|p mr ikamrfh|imk armf |bg hw|bmri|igp `mk`grkike |bg lgh|b ma bippmk+ Bg rgxwgp|gl |bh| hcc rgcgqhk| ikamrfh|imk hkl lm`wfgk|p og|rhkpfi||gl |m bif+

Mk ?? Fhy 8995 |bg Ip|hkowc Pg`wri|y Lirg`|mrh|g |rhkpfi||gl |bgrgcgqhk| ikamrfh|imk hkl lm`wfgk|p ~rmqilgl oy |bg Oikec Egklhrfgrig

@mffhkl |m |bg h~~ci`hk|p chuygr ik Ip|hkowc+Mk ?5 Fhy 8995 |bg Oikec ~woci` ~rmpg`w|mr fhlg h uri||gk rgxwgp| |m|bg Oikec Egklhrfgrig @mffhkl |m pwffmk |bg egklhrfgp ubm bhlui|kgppgl |bg lgh|b ma |bg h~~ci`hk|p pmk+ \bg ~rmpg`w|mr p|h|gl |bh| bgumwcl bghr |bgf ui|bik |bg ~rgcifikhry ikqgp|ieh|imk ik|m |bg lgh|b ma |bgh~~ci`hk|p pmk+

Mk 8> Jwcy 8995 Fhjmr Fwbhrrgf Akld ehqg h p|h|gfgk| ogamrg |bgOikec ~woci` ~rmpg`w|mr+ Bg p|h|gl |bh| |bg h~~ci`hk|p pmk bhl ligl ik |bg`mwrpg ma hk m~grh|imk `hrrigl mw| ik mrlgr |m aikl |bg omly ma bphk Fgri+Fhjmr Akld bhl oggk uhcdike mr

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< FGBFG\ YHDH_ q+ \W_DGY LG@IPIMK

ubgk bg bghrl hk g~cmpimk+ \bg egklhrfgp bhl oggk wkhocg |m `mccg`| |bglipfgfogrgl omly muike |m bghqy ugh|bgr `mkli|imkp+

\bg egklhrfgp# Eroz Ogyid|h# Fgbfg| \w|hd hkl Kiyhzi ^h|r# ubmhcpm h~~ghrgl ogamrg |bg ~woci` ~rmpg`w|mr# rgi|grh|gl |bg Fhjmrp p|h|gfgk|+

Ik h cg||gr lh|gl 88 Jwcy 8995 |bg Oikec ~woci` ~rmpg`w|mr rg~mr|gl |bglgh|b ma |bg h~~ci`hk|p pmk |m |bg ^m~wch|imkp Maai`g "KawpFlrc) ikOikec+

Mk ?? Hwewp| 8995 |bg ~woci` ~rmpg`w|mr h| |bg Liyhrohdr P|h|g Pg`wri|y@mwr| lg`ilgl |bh| km ~rmpg`w|imk pbmwcl og ormweb| hehikp| Mrbhk Yhdhrmk h``mwk| ma bip fgfogrpbi~ ma |bg ^DD hp bg bhl ligl mk 82 Kmqgfogr8991+

Mk ?0 Pg~|gfogr 8999 |bg h~~ci hk| ehqg h p|h|gfgk| |m Pgreghk|Pcgyfhk dwywcw+ Bg p|h|gl |bh| bg bhl oggk |ryike |m aikl mw| |bg

ubgrghomw|p ma bip pmk pik`g 8991+ \bg hw|bmri|igp bhl |mcl bif |bh| bip pmkbhl ligl ha|gr p|g~~ike mk h fikg+ Bmugqgr# lgp~i|g bip rgxwgp|p# bip `mr~pgbhl km| oggk bhklgl mqgr |m bif+ Bg bhl cmlegl hk h~~ci`h|imk ui|b |bgGwrm~ghk @mwr| ma Bwfhk _ieb|p hkl |bip h~~ci`h|imk uhp ~gklike ogamrg|bg @mwr|+ Bg rgxwgp|gl |bh| bip pmkp `mr~pg og bhklgl mqgr |m bif+

Ik |bg `mwrpg ma |bg ikqgp|ieh|imk ik|m |bg lgh|b ma |bg h~~ci`hk|p pmk |bgOikec ^rmqik`ihc Hlfikip|rh|iqg @mwk`ic ippwgl h lg`ipimk# mk ?0 Hwewp|?>>># p|h|ike |bh| km ~rmpg`w|imk pbmwcl og ormweb| hehikp| |bg fgfogrp ma|bg pg`wri|y amr`gp+ Ik i|p qigu# Mrbhk Yhdhr bhl ligl ha|gr p|g~~ike mk hfikg# ubi`b bhl oggk ~ch`gl oy |bg ^DD+ \bg pg`wri|y amr`gp bhl oggkwkhocg |m `mccg`| Mrbhkp omly muike |m bghqy ugh|bgr `mkli|imkp hkl |bg

~mppiocg gip|gk`g ma m|bgr fikgp ik |bg rgeimk+ I| uhp `mk`cwlgl |bh| |bgpg`wri|y amr`gp bhl ~gramrfgl |bgir lw|y ui|b liciegk`g+

Mk 0 M`|mogr ?>>> |bg Lmwogyhz| Egklhrfgrig @mffhkl |rhkpfi||gl|bg Oikec ^rmqik`ihc Hlfikip|rh|iqg @mwk`icp lg`ipimk ma ?0 Hwewp| ?>>>|m |bg Phrpw Egklhrfgrig @mffhkl+ \bg Lmwogyhz| Egklhrfgrig@mffhkl rgxwgp|gl |bh| |bg h~~ci`hk| og km|iaigl ma |bip lg`ipimk+

Ik h cg||gr lh|gl 81 M`|mogr ?>>> |bg h~~ci`hk| ikamrfgl bip chuygr |bh|bg bhl oggk amr`gl |m piek pmfg ~h~grp h| |bg Phrpw Egklhrfgrig@mffhkl ui|bmw| bhqike rghl |bgf+ Bg bhl rgxwgp|gl |m pgg |bg ~h~grp ow|bg bhl oggk eiqgk |bgf ha|gr bip chuygr bhl |gcg~bmkgl |bg @mffhkl+

\bgk# bg bhl oggk hpdgl uby bg bhl h~~mik|gl Fp Dgpdik hp bip chuygr+ I|bhl oggk pweegp|gl |m bif |bh| bg ui|blrhu bip h~~ci`h|imk ogamrg |bg @mwr|hkl bg bhl oggk hlqipgl |m `chif `mf~gkph|imk armf |bg kh|imkhchw|bmri|igp+

Mk 81 M`|mogr ?>>> |bg h~~ci`hk| aicgl hk mojg`|imk ui|b |bg OikecLip|ri`| Hlfikip|rh|iqg @mwr| "Oceg lhrg Fhbdgfgpi) hehikp| |bg lg`ipimkma |bg Oikec ^rmqik`ihc Hlfikip|rh|iqg @mwk`ic+

\bg `hpg ip p|icc ~gklike ogamrg |bg Oikec Lip|ri`| Hlfikip|rh|iqg @mwr|+

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FGBFG\ YHDH_ q+ \W_DGY LG@IPIMK 7

O+ _gcgqhk| lmfgp|i` chu hkl ~rh`|i`g

8+ @rifikhc chu hkl ~rm`glwrg

\bg \wrdipb @rifikhc @mlg "\rd @gzh Dhkwkw)# hp rgehrlp wkchuawcdiccikep# bhp ~rmqipimkp lghcike ui|b wkik|gk|imkhc bmfi`ilg "Hr|i`cgp

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1 FGBFG\ YHDH_ q+ \W_DGY LG@IPIMK

\bip ~rmqipimk ip km| pwojg`| |m hky rgp|ri`|imk gqgk ik h p|h|g magfgregk`y mr uhr+ \bg pg`mkl ~hrherh~b lmgp km| rgxwirg ~rmma ma |bg

gip|gk`g ma hky ahwc| mk |bg ~hr| ma |bg hlfikip|rh|imk# ubmpg rgp~mkpioici|yip ma hk hopmcw|g# mojg`|iqg kh|wrg# ohpgl mk h `mk`g~| ma `mccg`|iqg cihoici|yhkl rgagrrgl |m hp |bg |bgmry ma pm`ihc ripd+ \bwp |bg hlfikip|rh|imk fhyiklgfkiay ~gm~cg ubm bhqg pwaagrgl lhfheg armf h`|p `mffi||gl oywkdkmuk mr |grrmrip| hw|bmrp ubgk |bg P|h|g fhy og phil |m bhqg ahicgl ik i|plw|y |m fhik|hik ~woci` mrlgr hkl phag|y# mr ik i|p lw|y |m phagewhrlikliqilwhc ciag hkl ~rm~gr|y+

0+ @iqic h`|imk amr lhfhegp

^wrpwhk| |m Hr|i`cg

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FGBFG\ YHDH_ q+ \W_DGY LG@IPIMK 5

\bg h~~ci`hk| `mf~chikp wklgr Hr|i`cg 80 ma |bg @mkqgk|imk ma |bg ch`dma hky iklg~gklgk| kh|imkhc hw|bmri|y ogamrg ubi`b bip `mf~chik|p `hk og

ormweb| ui|b hky ~rmp~g`| ma pw``gpp+\bg h~~ci`hk| `mf~chikp wklgr Hr|i`cg 8< ik `mkjwk`|imk ui|b Hr|i`cgp ?#

0# 7# 1 hkl 80 ma |bg @mkqgk|imk |bh| |bgrg gip|p hk hlfikip|rh|iqg ~rh`|i`gma lip`rifikh|imk mk ermwklp ma rh`g mr g|bki` mrieik ik \wrdgy+

\bg h~~ci`hk| `mf~chikp wklgr Hr|i`cg 87 ma |bg @mkqgk|imk |bh| \wrdgyqimch|gp rieb|p armf ubi`b km lgrmeh|imk `hk og fhlg wklgr ~hrherh~b ? ma|bip ~rmqipimk+

Chp|cy# |bg h~~ci`hk| `mf~chikp wklgr Hr|i`cg 82 ma |bg @mkqgk|imk |bh||bg ik|gragrgk`gp ui|b |bg ggr`ipg ma bip hkl bip pmkp @mkqgk|imk rieb|pugrg km| lgpiekgl |m pg`wrg |bg gklp ~grfi||gl wklgr |bg @mkqgk|imk+

\BG CHU

\bg h~~ci`hk| fhikcy `mf~chikp ma |bg lgh|b ma bip pmk ubicp| ik |bg`wp|mly ma pg`wri|y amr`gp+ Bg rgcigp mk Hr|i`cgp ?# 0# 7# 1# 80# 8< "ik`mkjwk`|imk ui|b Hr|i`cgp ?# 0# 7# 1 hkl 80)# 87 hkl 82 ma |bg @mkqgk|imk+

H+ \bg Emqgrkfgk|p ~rgcifikhry mojg |imkp

\bg Emqgrkfgk| hrewg |bh| h `rifikhc ikqgp|ieh|imk ik|m |bg h~~ci`hk|p

`mf~chik|p bhp oggk m~gkgl ik |bg `mwrpg ma ubi b qhrimwp gaag`|iqgikqgp|ieh|iqg fghpwrgp bhqg oggk |hdgk ik h liciegk| fhkkgr+ \bgpg `rifikhc

~rm`gglikep hrg p|icc ~gklike hp# pm ahr# km aikhc jwlefgk| bhp oggk bhklgllmuk+ \bg Emqgrkfgk| ikagr armf |bip |bh| |bg h~~ci`hk| bhp ahicgl |mgbhwp| lmfgp|i` rgfgligp+

\bg h~~ci`hk| fhik|hikp |bh| |bg lmfgp|i` rgfgligp ~rmqgl |m ogikgaag`|iqg ik bip `hpg+

\bg @mwr| gf~bhpipgp |bh| |bg h~~ci`h|imk ma |bg gbhwp|imk ma lmfgp|i`rgfgligp rwcg fwp| fhdg lwg hccmuhk`g amr |bg ah`| |bh| i| ip ogike h~~ciglik |bg `mk|g| ma fh`bikgry amr |bg ~rm|g`|imk ma bwfhk rieb|p |bh| |bg@mk|rh`|ike ^hr|igp bhqg herggl |m pg| w~+ H``mrlikecy# i| bhp rg`mekipgl|bh| Hr|i`cg 07 fwp| og h~~cigl ui|b pmfg lgergg ma acgioici|y hkl ui|bmw|g`gppiqg amrfhcipf+ I| bhp awr|bgr rg`mekipgl |bh| |bg rwcg ma gbhwp|imk ipkgi|bgr hopmcw|g kmr `h~hocg ma ogike h~~cigl hw|mfh|i`hccy4 amr |bg ~wr~mpgpma rgqiguike ubg|bgr i| bhp oggk mopgrqgl# i| ip gppgk|ihc |m bhqg rgehrl |m|bg `ir`wfp|hk`gp ma |bg ikliqilwhc `hpg+ \bip fghkp ik ~hr|i`wchr |bh| |bg@mwr| fwp| |hdg rghcip|i` h``mwk|# km| mkcy ma |bg gip|gk`g ma amrfhcrgfgligp ik |bg cgehc pyp|gf ma |bg @mk|rh`|ike ^hr|y `mk`grkgl# ow| hcpm ma|bg egkgrhc `mk|g| ik ubi`b |bgy m~grh|g# hp ugcc hp |bg ~grpmkhc`ir`wfp|hk`gp ma |bg h~~ci`hk|+ I| fwp| |bgk ghfikg ubg|bgr# ik hcc |bg

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2 FGBFG\ YHDH_ q+ \W_DGY LG@IPIMK

`ir`wfp|hk`gp ma |bg `hpg# |bg h~~ci`hk| lil gqgry|bike |bh| `mwclrghpmkhocy og g~g`|gl ma bif |m gbhwp| lmfgp|i` rgfgligp "pgg |bg Yhh

q+ \wrdgy jwlefgk| ma ? Pg~|gfogr 8992# _g~mr|p ma jwlefgk|p hklLg`ipimkp 8992&QI# ~+ ?

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FGBFG\ YHDH_ q+ \W_DGY LG@IPIMK 9

h`dkmucglegl ik |bg ~hp| |bg p~g ihc agh|wrgp hkl liaai`wc|igp maikqgp|ieh|ike |grrmrip| maagk`gp+ H``mrlike |m |bg Emqgrkfgk|# |bg

h~~ci`hk|p `mf~chik|p hrg fhkiagp|cy icc&amwklgl hkl |bgrgamrg |bg @mwr|pbmwcl lg`chrg |bgf ikhlfippiocg+

Hp rgehrlp |bg h~~ci`hk|p `mf~chik|p wklgr Hr|i`cgp ?# 0# 7 hkl 80 ma |bg@mkqgk|imk# |bg @mwr| `mkpilgrp ik |bg cieb| ma |bg ~hr|igp pwofippimkp# |bh||bg `mf~chik|p rhipg `mf~cg ippwgp ma chu hkl ah`| wklgr |bg @mkqgk|imk#|bg lg|grfikh|imk ma ubi`b pbmwcl lg~gkl mk hk ghfikh|imk ma |bg fgri|pma |bg h~~ci`h|imk hp h ubmcg+ \bg @mwr| `mk`cwlgp# |bgrgamrg# |bh| |bip ~hr|ma |bg h~~ci`h|imk ip km| fhkiagp|cy icc&amwklgl ui|bik |bg fghkike maHr|i`cg 07 0 ma |bg @mkqgk|imk+ Km m|bgr ermwklp amr lg`chrike i|ikhlfippiocg bhqg oggk gp|hocipbgl+

?+ Hccgegl qimch|imk ma Hr|i`cg 1 ma |bg @mkqgk|imk

"h) Hp rgehrlp |bg h~~ci`hk|p `mf~chik|p ik rgp~g`| ma bip pmk

\bg h~~ci`hk| `mf~chikp wklgr Hr|i`cg 1 8# ?# 0"h) hkl "`) ma |bg@mkqgk|imk |bh| bip pmk uhp lg~riqgl ma bip rieb| |m p|hkl |rihc ogamrg h`mwr|+ Bg awr|bgr `mf~chikp |bh| bip pmk uhp km| ~rgpwfgl ikkm`gk| wk|ic bipewic| uhp ~rmqgl+ Bg pwofi|p |bh| hp h ah|bgr bg uhp km| ikamrfgl ma |bgkh|wrg hkl `hwpg ma |bg h``wph|imk hehikp| bip pmk hkl |bh| bip pmk uhplg~riqgl ma bip rieb| |m cgehc hppip|hk`g+

\bg Emqgrkfgk| pwofi| |bh| |bg hw|bmri|igp bhl oggk wkhocg |m orike |bg

h~~ci`hk|p pmk ogamrg h |riowkhc og`hwpg bg ligl mkg lhy ha|gr bg uhp |hdgkik|m wp|mly+\bg @mwr| km|gp |bh| km ~rmpg`w|imk uhp ormweb| hehikp| |bg h~~ci`hk|p

pmk mk h``mwk| ma bip fgfogrpbi~ ma |bg ^DD+ \bg @mwr| ip ma |bg m~ikimk|bh|# ik |bg hopgk`g ma hky ~rm`gglikep iki|ih|gl hehikp| |bg h~~ci`hk|p pmk#bip `mf~chik|p wklgr |bip bghl lm km| rhipg hky ippwgp wklgr |bg @mkqgk|imk"pgg# fw|h|ip fw|hklip# Fhbfw| Grlmhk q+ \wrdgy "lg`+)# km+ ?1005-97#wk~wocipbgl)+

I| amccmup |bh| |bip ~hr| ma |bg h~~ci`h|imk ip fhkiagp|cy icc&amwklgl ui|bik|bg fghkike ma Hr|i`cg 07 0 hkl < ma |bg @mkqgk|imk+

"o) Hp rgehrlp |bg h~~ci`hk|p h``gpp |m h mwr|

\bg h~~ci`hk| hcpm `mf~chikp wklgr Hr|i`cg 1 8 ma |bg @mkqgk|imk |bh|bg uhp lg~riqgl ma bip rieb| ma h``gpp |m h `mwr| ik rgp~g`| ma |bg lgh|b ma bippmk+

\bg Emqgrkfgk| fhdg km pwofippimkp mk |bip `mf~chik|+\bg @mwr| `mkpilgrp |bh| |bg gppgk`g ma |bg h~~ci`hk|p `mf~chik| wklgr

|bip bghl ip `cmpgcy cikdgl |m |bg rgxwirgfgk| if~mpgl mk |bg rgp~mklgk|P|h|g wklgr Hr|i`cg ? ma |bg @mkqgk|imk |m `mklw`| hk gaag`|iqg ikqgp|ieh|imkik|m |bg `ir`wfp|hk`gp pwrrmwklike Mrbhk Yhdhrp lgh|b+ I| pbmwcl |bgrgamrg

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8> FGBFG\ YHDH_ q+ \W_DGY LG@IPIMK

og lg`chrgl hlfippiocg "pgg# fw|h|ip fw|hklip# Pwh| zhc~ hkl m|bgrp q+\wrdgy "lg`+)# km+ 0?