Case grammar
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Transcript of Case grammar
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CASE GRAMMAR
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Case Grammar
• Proposed by Fillmore in 1968 in favor of Generative Semantics
• Best understood as an analysis in terms of predicates and arguments.
• Largely emphasis on Arguments.• Consider a trio sentence to best understand
WHAT IS SASE GRAMMAR?
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The key opened the door.
The door opened.
John opened the door with a key.
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According to Grammatical
Subjects Verb• In all three sentences the
verb is OPEN . • Known as Predicate
• John• The key• The door• Known as ARGUMENTS
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• In all the three arguments there is a term Case relation.
• Case relation is not directly related to grammatical subjects and objects.
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Grammatical nouns• Grammatical nouns are
same…• John• The key• Door
Case Grammar nouns• Case grammar nouns are
different• John is Agentive• The key is Instrumental• The door is Objective
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Case Notions according to Fillmore
• “a set of universal, presumably, innate, concepts”
• Began with six cases. • An agentive noun is created from a verb.• It is the name given to a noun that does the
action the verb describes.• e.g. Write -> Writer
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• Instrumental is inanimate force or object.• A noun or pronoun is in the Dative Case when
it is used as an indirect object.• Ex. Oma gave me a puppy.• Factitive is object or being resulted from the
action• Locative is related with location.• bjective is the most neutral case.
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1971a Fillmore `s work
• Dative renamed as Experiencer• Fatitive renamed as Result• Addition of Counter-Agent, Source and Goal• In addition he talks` Agents`, `Objects` instead
of `Agentive`, `Objective`,
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Case Relation can be applied also for converse verbs
• John taught French to Mary
• Where• John is agent• French is object• Mary as experiencer
• Mary learnt French from John
• Where• John is experiencer• French is object• Mary as agent
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Case Grammar can account difference in sentences
• John ruined the table• Where• John is agent• And• The table is Object
• John built the table• Where• John is agent• And• The table is Result
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• So, we can say that THERE IS no ONE-TO-ONE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN IN CASE AND GRAMMATICAL SUBJECTS AND OBJECTS because
• John(agent), the door(object) and the key (instrumental) are all Grammatical Subjects.
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• In Case Grammar there are some rules governing what case will surface as the Subject
• We cannot conjoin two different cases. For Example
• * john and the key opened the door.• There is HIERARCHICAL order• Agent>experiencer>instrument>object.
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• The Case Grammar works well in these sentences.
• This ordering overruled by a transformation such as Passive where object will be the grammatical subject. For Example
• The door was opened by john with a key.
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FLAW
• The early version of Case Grammar was apparently unable to distinguish between such stances…
• John smeared the wall with paint OR John smeared paint on the wall
• John sold a book to Henry OR Henry bought a book from John
• Fillmore suggests in his latter work that it is a matter of PERSPECTIVE…
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