Case grammar

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Transcript of Case grammar

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CASE GRAMMAR

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Case Grammar

• Proposed by Fillmore in 1968 in favor of Generative Semantics

• Best understood as an analysis in terms of predicates and arguments.

• Largely emphasis on Arguments.• Consider a trio sentence to best understand

WHAT IS SASE GRAMMAR?

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The key opened the door.

The door opened.

John opened the door with a key.

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According to Grammatical

Subjects Verb• In all three sentences the

verb is OPEN . • Known as Predicate

• John• The key• The door• Known as ARGUMENTS

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• In all the three arguments there is a term Case relation.

• Case relation is not directly related to grammatical subjects and objects.

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Grammatical nouns• Grammatical nouns are

same…• John• The key• Door

Case Grammar nouns• Case grammar nouns are

different• John is Agentive• The key is Instrumental• The door is Objective

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Case Notions according to Fillmore

• “a set of universal, presumably, innate, concepts”

• Began with six cases. • An agentive noun is created from a verb.• It is the name given to a noun that does the

action the verb describes.• e.g. Write -> Writer

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• Instrumental is inanimate force or object.• A noun or pronoun is in the Dative Case when

it is used as an indirect object.• Ex. Oma gave me a puppy.• Factitive is object or being resulted from the

action• Locative is related with location.• bjective is the most neutral case.

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1971a Fillmore `s work

• Dative renamed as Experiencer• Fatitive renamed as Result• Addition of Counter-Agent, Source and Goal• In addition he talks` Agents`, `Objects` instead

of `Agentive`, `Objective`,

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Case Relation can be applied also for converse verbs

• John taught French to Mary

• Where• John is agent• French is object• Mary as experiencer

• Mary learnt French from John

• Where• John is experiencer• French is object• Mary as agent

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Case Grammar can account difference in sentences

• John ruined the table• Where• John is agent• And• The table is Object

• John built the table• Where• John is agent• And• The table is Result

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• So, we can say that THERE IS no ONE-TO-ONE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN IN CASE AND GRAMMATICAL SUBJECTS AND OBJECTS because

• John(agent), the door(object) and the key (instrumental) are all Grammatical Subjects.

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• In Case Grammar there are some rules governing what case will surface as the Subject

• We cannot conjoin two different cases. For Example

• * john and the key opened the door.• There is HIERARCHICAL order• Agent>experiencer>instrument>object.

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• The Case Grammar works well in these sentences.

• This ordering overruled by a transformation such as Passive where object will be the grammatical subject. For Example

• The door was opened by john with a key.

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FLAW

• The early version of Case Grammar was apparently unable to distinguish between such stances…

• John smeared the wall with paint OR John smeared paint on the wall

• John sold a book to Henry OR Henry bought a book from John

• Fillmore suggests in his latter work that it is a matter of PERSPECTIVE…

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