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llb 1-A ’15-16 CONSTI LAW CASES

3. PEOPLE VS. FIGUEROA, 335 SCRA 349

Under Art. III, Section 12 [1 o! t"e Con#tit$tion, % #$#&ect in c$#todi%lin'e#ti(%tion )$#t be*

1. in!or)ed o! "i# ri("t to re)%in #ilent+2. %rned t"%t %nt"in( "e #%# c%n be %nd ill be $#ed %(%in#t

"i)+. told t"%t "e "%# t"e ri("t to co$n#el, %nd t"%t i! "e i# indi(ent,

% l%er ill be %&&ointed to re&re#ent "i).

In t"i# c%#e, %cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt %# (i'en no )ore t"%n % &er!$nctor recit%tiono! "i# ri("t#, #i(ni!in( not"in( )ore t"%n % !ei(ned co)&li%nce it" t"econ#tit$tion%l re/$ire)ent#. 0eo&le '#. S%)olde, $l 1, 23334

It i# %l%# inc$)bent on t"e &ro#ec$tion to &ro'e %t t"e tri%l t"%t, &rior toin-c$#tod /$e#tionin(, t"e con!e##%nt %# in!or)ed o! "i# con#tit$tion%l ri("t#. T"e

&re#$)&tion o! re($l%rit o! oci%l %ct# doe# not &re'%il o'er t"e con#tit$tion%l&re#$)&tion o! innocence. ence, in t"e %b#ence o! &roo! t"%t t"e %rre#tin( ocer#co)&lied it" t"e %bo'e con#tit$tion%l #%!e($%rd#, e7tr%8$dici%l #t%te)ent#,"et"er inc$l&%tor or e7c$l&%tor, )%de d$rin( t"e c$#todi%l in'e#ti(%tion, %rein%d)i##ible not onl %(%in#t t"e decl%r%nt b$t it" )ore #o %(%in#t rd &er#on#. TIS IS SO E9EN I: SUC STATE;ENTS A

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%l)ero did not in/$ire %# to t"e re#$lt# o! t"e )edic%l e7%)in%tion. T"e re#$lt# o!t"e )edic%l e7%)in%tion ere not oered in e'idence.

T"e !olloin( )ornin(, >ece)ber 2, 1DD6, %&&ell%nt, "o %# e#corted bt"e &olice, %# bro$("t be!ore t"e t"en ;$nici&%l ;%or o! B%ler, A$ror%, Art$ro S.An(%r%. ;%or An(%r% re%d t"e #i(ned Sinumpaang Salaysay be!ore %d)ini#terin(

t"e o%t". e &robed %&&ell%nt i! t"e #i(n%t$re %&&e%rin( in t"e SinumpaangSalaysay %# "i# %nd "et"er "e $nder#tood t"e content# o! t"e #%id doc$)ent.S$b#e/$entl, ;%or An(%r% %7ed "i# #i(n%t$re on %&&ell%nt# SinumpaangSalaysay .

In #$b#t%nce, t"e conte#ted Sinumpaang Salaysay #t%te# t"%t Benn obleteco))i##ioned one Ce#%r to Hill F% El'in(. Ce#%r, in t$rn, cont%cted %&&ell%nt !or t"e"it. :or )ore t"%n % eeH, %&&ell%nt %nd Ce#%r, to(et"er it" % cert%in ;%nn=onG%le#, #t%lHed t"e 'icti). On No'e)ber 2D, 1DD6, %&&ell%nt %cted %# % looHo$t"ile "i# co)&%nion# #"ot t"e 'icti).[K

On t"e ot"er "%nd, %&&ell%nt te#tied t"%t, be!ore noon on >ece)ber 1, 1DD6,[ "e ent to t"e "o$#e o! one Benn oblete to #ee "i# brot"er-in-l%, ErinBern%rdo, "o %# orHin( !or t"e oblete#. Since "i# brot"er-in-l% %# not%ro$nd, %rold, #on o! Benn oblete, in'ited "i) to % drinHin( #&ree. W"ile t"e

ere drinHin(, &olice ocer# Al!redo ;iel %nd A)or%nto A/$ino %rri'ed %nd %rre#ted"i). e %# bro$("t to t"e )$nici&%l "%ll "ere "e %# forced to admit thekilling o! El'in( %cob. :or t"ree con#ec$ti'e ni("t#, "e %# )%$led. A# % re#$lt, "i#ee# bec%)e #ollen %nd "i# c"e#t %c"ed. Un%ble to end$re t"e &%in %n lon(er,"e oned $& to t"e cri)e.[D

On >ece)ber 2, 1DD6, O Noel C. %l)ero, in t"e &re#ence o! Att. o#en%An(%r%, tooH %&&ell%nt# #t%te)ent. A&&ell%nt cl%i)ed t"%t neither investigatingocer Palmero nor Atty. Josena Angara apprised him of his constitutional rightsduring the custodial investigation. T"e !olloin( d%, "e %# bro$("t to ;%orArt$ro An(%r% be!ore "o) "e #ore to "i# %d%'it cont%inin( "i# con!e##ion. [13

>r. ece)ber 2, 1DD6. >$rin( t"e e7%)in%tion, "e !o$nd % t"ree-inc" l%cer%ted

o$nd on %&&ell%nt# ri("t %r) %nd % bio#iti# tenderne## 0inJ%))%tion o! t"e)$#cle4 in "i# ri("t #c%&$l%r %re%. e !$rt"er te#tied t"%t t"e le#ion# ere c%$#edb % #"%r& in#tr$)ent. A#ide !ro) t"e#e le#ion#, >r. Correo did not notice %n ot"erin8$rie# on t"e bod o! t"e %&&ell%nt.[11

On reb$tt%l, Att. An(%r% belied t"e %cc$#%tion o! >$e%#. S"e te#tied t"%t %t&%#t 13*33 %.). on >ece)ber 2, 1DD6, &olice)en c%)e to "er oce %ndre/$e#ted "er to %##i#t t"e %&&ell%nt "o %# t"en $nder c$#todi%l in'e#ti(%tion.S"e %rri'ed %t t"e &olice #t%tion %t &%#t 11*33 %.). %nd %# introd$ced to t"e%&&ell%nt. >$rin( "er &ri'%te con'er#%tion it" t"e %&&ell%nt, #"e %&&ri#ed "i) o!"i# con#tit$tion%l ri("t# %nd told "i) t"%t "%te'er "e #%id co$ld be $#ed %(%in#t"i). S"e di#co$r%(ed "i) !ro) (i'in( "i# con!e##ion b$t %&&ell%nt %# deter)inedto do #o. T"e /$e#tionin( re#$)ed %t %bo$t 1*3 &.). %nd l%#ted $& to *33 &.).W"ile t"e in'e#ti(%tion %# (oin( on, %&&ell%nt co)&l%ined o! c"e#t &%in# #o #"ere/$e#ted t"%t %&&ell%nt be bro$("t to t"e "o#&it%l !or )edic%l %ttention.

O %l)ero %# %l#o &re#ented %# reb$tt%l itne##. e di#cl%i)ed )%$lin(t"e %&&ell%nt. e %d)itted t"%t %&&ell%nt %# indeed co)&l%inin( o! c"e#t &%in#b$t it %# %lle(edl t"e re#$lt o! t"e HicH b %rold oblete. In contr%#t it" "i#&re'io$# decl%r%tion t"%t "e !etc"ed Att. An(%r% %t %ro$nd *3 &.). to %##i#t%&&ell%nt d$rin( t"e in'e#ti(%tion, O %l)ero no cl%i)ed t"%t t"e interro(%tion

l%#ted %bo$t t"ree "o$r#, t"%t i#, !ro) 1*33 &.). $& to %bo$t *33 &.). on>ece)ber 2, 1DD6. e %l#o decl%red t"%t %&&ell%nt %# (i'en )edic%l %ttention%!ter t"e interro(%tion.[12

ece)ber2, 1DD6 0"ic" %# l%ter re&$di%ted4, t"e tri%l co$rt rendered it# deci#ioncon'ictin( %&&ell%nt o! t"e cri)e c"%r(ed*

WE$e%# ont"e (ro$nd o! in'ol$nt%rine## o! "i# e7tr%8$dici%l con!e##ion. T"e OS= $nder#coredt"e !%ct t"%t it %# !orced o$t o! %&&ell%nt b )e%n# o! t"re%t#, 'iolence %ndinti)id%tion, t"$# 'iol%tin( "i# ri("t#.

T"e %&&e%l i# )eritorio$#.In con'ictin( t"e %&&ell%nt, t"e co$rt a quo re%#oned %# !ollo#* T"e e7tr%8$dici%l con!e##ion o! %cc$#ed >$e%#, r. %# !reel %nd 'ol$nt%ril

(i'en %nd t"%t "i# retr%ction %nd cl%i)# o! 'iolence %nd coercion ere )erelbel%ted contri'%nce# %nd eort# o! e7c$l&%tion. T"e #t%te)ent 0E7". B-Sti&.4 it#el! re'e%l# t"%t t"ere %# co)&li%nce it" t"e

con#tit$tion%l re/$ire)ent on &re-interro(%tion %d'i#orie#, t"$#*ASUBALI* IH% C%t%lino >$e%#, r., i&in%(bibi(% %l%) Ho #% io, n% iH% %

in$$#i( #% i#%n( H%#%l%n%n, &in%&%%l%l% Ho #% io n% #% il%li) n( %tin( S%li(%n(B%t%# % H%r%&%t%n )o %n( )%n%"i)iH %t "indi #$)%(ot #% )(% t%non( Ho #% io%t )%(H%roon n( Abo(%do n( #%rili )on( &ili, ito b% % n%$$n%%%n )o

SA=OT* O&o. TANON=* Al%) )o b% %t n%i&%li%n%( n( ion( %bo(%do n% %n$)%n(

#%l%#% )o #% &%(#i#i%#%t n% ito % )%%rin( (%)itin l%b%n #% ioSA=OT* O&o. T"e Co$rt nd# no )erit in t"e in#in$%tion o! t"e de!en#e t"%t Att. o#en%

An(%r% %# not >$e%# on c"oice %# co$n#el !or t"e interro(%tion 0TSN, October ,2331, &. 4.

2

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn7http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn7http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn8http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn8http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn9http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn10http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn11http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn12http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn13http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn13http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn7http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn8http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn9http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn10http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn11http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn12http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn13

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777 777 777In t"e &re#ent c%#e, %cc$#ed e'en %d)itted t"%t "e tr$#ted Att. An(%r% "en

"e #i(ned "i# #orn #t%te)ent in t"e &re#ence o! t"e #%id co$n#el 0TSN, No'e)ber2, 2333, &. D4.

Ab#ent %n #"oin( t"%t t"e l%er "o %##i#ted t"e %cc$#ed %# re)i##ed

0#ic4 in "er d$tie#, it c%n be #%!el concl$ded t"%t t"e c$#todi%l in'e#ti(%tion o!>$e%# %# re($l%rl cond$cted.

A# co$ld be ob#er'ed, t"e con!e##ion i# re&lete it" det%il# t"%t co$ld not "%'ebeen concocted b t"e &olice %$t"oritie#. Accordin( to >$e%#, "e i# one o! t"o#e"o Hilled El'% %cob+ t"%t "i# co)&%nion# ere ;%nn =onG%le# %nd one Ce#%r+t"%t Benn oblete cont%cted Ce#%r "o in t$rn cont%cted "i) 0%cc$#ed4 !or t"e&$r&o#e o! Hillin( El'in( %cob bec%$#e "i# 0Benn oblete#4 d%$("ter I TELL TAT WEN TE OLICE O::ICEece)ber 1, 1DD6,[15 %&&ell%nt %# %rre#ted !or t"e!t on t"e re/$e#t o! %cert%in Benn oblete. O %l)ero %d)itted t"%t %t t"e ti)e o! t"e %rre#t,%&&ell%nt %# not co))ittin( %n cri)e. e %# det%ined o'erni("t it"o$t %nc"%r(e#. T"e !olloin( d%, O %l)ero cl%i)ed t"%t %&&ell%nt #$&&o#edl #o$("t'ol$nt%r conne)ent !or "i# on &rotection. T"e &olice blotter entr, "oe'er,%# not oered in e'idence. Onl % certic%tion o! #$c" entr %# &re#ented, "ic"

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn14http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn14http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn15http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn14http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2004/mar2004/151286.htm#_ftn15

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certic%tion %# not e'en #i(ned b %&&ell%nt. Under t"e circ$)#t%nce#, t"e'ol$nt%r conne)ent t%le %&&e%r# to be %n %!tert"o$("t to co'er $& t"e%&&ell%nt# ille(%l %rre#t %nd detention. No &er#on in "i# ri("t )ind, %lre%d be"indb%r#, ill #till #eeH 'ol$nt%r conne)ent "en t"ere %re no c"%r(e# %(%in#t "i).

A&&ell%nt e7ec$ted "i# #orn #t%te)ent on "i# %lle(ed in'ol'e)ent in t"e

Hillin( o! Ka El'in( on >ece)ber 2, 1DD6 or 'e d%# %!ter "i# %rre#t. I))edi%tel%!ter %cco)&li#"in( t"e %d%'it, %&&ell%nt #o$("t )edic%l %ttention, d$rin( "ic">r. Corre% !o$nd &o#iti'e )%rH# o! 'iolence on t"e l%tter# bod, %n indic%tion t"%t&"#ic%l coercion occ$rred %t one &oint !ro) t"e ti)e o! "i# %rre#t $& to t"ee7ec$tion o! "i# e7tr%8$dici%l con!e##ion. T"e onl &$r&o#e o! t"e )%ltre%t)entco$ld "%'e been to !orce "i) to %d)it ($ilt %(%in#t "i# ill. W"en con!ronted on t"i#)%tter, reb$tt%l itne## O %l)ero "%d not"in( b$t e'%#i'e %nd $nre#&on#i'e%n#er#*

M >id o$ &er#on%ll brin( >$e%# to t"e "o#&it%lA I co$ld not re)e)ber, %n)ore, Sir. B$t "e %# bro$("t to t"e "o#&it%l.M Are o$ #$re o! t"%tA ?e#, #ir.M I! o$ co$ld not re)e)ber %n)ore i! o$ ere t"e one "o brin( 0sic4 "i)

to t"e "o#&it%l, do o$ Hno "o %# t"e &olice ocer "o bro$("t "i)A I do not Hno t"e 8%iler %t t"e ti)e.M Were o$ #till in t"e &olice #t%tion "en "e %# bro$("t b%cHA ;%be I %# not t"ere.M >id o$ tr to in/$ire "%t %# t"e re#$lt o! t"e e7%)in%tion bein(

cond$cted $&on C%t%lino >$e%#A Not %n)ore, #ir.M W"A Bec%$#e I co$ld not re)e)ber %n)ore t"e &er#on "o %cco)&%nied "i).

[16

T"e tri%l co$rt con#idered %&&ell%nt# cl%i) o! )%ltre%t)ent %# b$t % l%)ee7c$#e. It #t%ted t"%t t"e !%il$re o! t"e %cc$#ed to co)&l%in to t"e #e%rin( oceror to le c"%r(e# %(%in#t t"e &er#on0#4 "o %lle(edl )%ltre%ted "i), %lt"o$(" "e

"%d t"e o&&ort$nit to do #o, )e%nt t"%t t"e con!e##ion %# 'ol$nt%r. B$t%&&ell%nt %de/$%tel e7&l%ined " "e did not tell %nbod %bo$t t"e &olicebr$t%lit "e "%d #$ered. e te#tied*

M ?o$ #%id o$ ere !orced %nd inti)id%ted to (i'e t"e con!e##ion inconnection it" t"e de%t" o! ;r#. %cob, did o$ tell Att. An(%r% %bo$t t"%t !%ct

A I did not.M W"A o co$ld I tell t"%t "en t"e &olice ocer# ere t"ere #$rro$ndin( )e. [1K

On cro##-e7%)in%tion, %&&ell%nt )%de t"e !olloin( decl%r%tion*

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An %cc$#ed "o i# on bo%rd t"e &olice 'e"icle on t"e % to t"e &olice #t%tioni# %lre%d $nder c$#todi%l in'e#ti(%tion %nd #"o$ld t"ere!ore be %ccorded "i# ri("t#$nder t"e Con#tit$tion.

C$#todi%l in'e#ti(%tion re!er# to t"e critic%l &re-tri%l #t%(e "en t"ein'e#ti(%tion ce%#e# to be % (ener%l in/$ir into %n $n#ol'ed cri)e b$t "%# be($n

to !oc$# on % &%rtic$l%r &er#on %# % #$#&ect. Accordin( to O %l)ero, ri("t %!ter%&&ell%nt# %rre#t, t"e l%tter %lre%d in#in$%ted to "i) t"%t "e o$ld con!e## "i#&%rtici&%tion in t"e Hillin(. A# "e te#tied on cro##-e7%)in%tion*

M On >ece)ber 1, 1DD6, "en o$ %rre#ted "i) "%t did "e %ct$%lltold !sic" o$

A Be!ore e &$t "i) in 8%il %t t"e B%ler olice St%tion "e told $# t"%t "e "%# 0 sic4to re'e%l #o)et"in( %bo$t t"e de%t" o! El'ir% %cob.

M So o$ %lre%d Hno t"%t on >ece)ber 1, 1DD6 t"%t "%te'er C%t%lino>$e%# ill re'e%l to o$ ill (i'e o$ le%d in #ol'in( t"e in'e#ti(%tion in connectionit" t"e de%t" o! El'ir% %cob, i#nt it

A ?e#, #ir.M So, o$ #till %ited $ntil >ece)ber 2, 1DD6 !or t"%t re'el%tion, i#nt itA ?e#, #ir. T"%t# %ll, o$r "onor.[22

Well-#ettled i# t"e doctrine t"%t t"e &$r&o#e o! &ro'idin( co$n#el to % &er#on$nder c$#todi%l in'e#ti(%tion i# to c$rb t"e $nci'iliGed &r%ctice o! e7tr%ctin( %con!e##ion, e'en t"ro$(" t"e #li("te#t coercion "ic" )i("t le%d t"e %cc$#ed to%d)it #o)et"in( $ntr$e.[2 W"%t i# #o$("t to be %'oided i# t"e e'il o! e7tortin(!ro) t"e 'er )o$t" o! t"e &er#on $nder(oin( interro(%tion !or t"e co))i##ion o!%n oen#e, t"e 'er e'idence it" "ic" to &ro#ec$te %nd t"ere%!ter con'ict "i).[2 T"e#e con#tit$tion%l ($%r%ntee# %re )e%nt to &rotect % &er#on !ro) t"ein"erentl coerci'e c"olo(ic%l, i! not &"#ic%l, %t)o#&"ere o! #$c" in'e#ti(%tion.[25

:in%ll, t"e co$rt note# t"e )%teri%l di#cre&%nc beteen t"e te#ti)on o! O%l)ero %nd t"%t o! Att. An(%r%. W"en O %l)ero %# r#t &$t on t"e itne###t%nd, "e te#tied t"%t "e !etc"ed Att. An(%r% to %##i#t %&&ell%nt %t %bo$t *3&.). on >ece)ber 2, 1DD6. T"e interro(%tion l%#ted )ore or le## %n "o$r.

oe'er, on reb$tt%l, O %l)ero c"%n(ed "i# #tor %nd decl%red t"%t t"einterro(%tion o! %&&ell%nt l%#ted %bo$t t"ree "o$r# !ro) %bo$t 1*33 &.). to *33&.). T"e %d8$#t)ent in t"e ti)e cited )% "%'e been )%de to con!or) to t"ee%rlier te#ti)on o! reb$tt%l itne## Att. An(%r% "o #%id t"%t t"e interro(%tion o!%&&ell%nt l%#ted !ro) %bo$t 1*3 &.). $& to %bo$t *33 &.). B$t "o co$ld t"einterro(%tion o! %&&ell%nt "%'e t%Hen &l%ce it"in t"%t ti)e-!r%)e "en, %ccordin(to >r. Correo %nd t"e %&&ell%nt# )edic%l record, t"e doctor cond$cted "i# )edic%le7%)in%tion o! t"e %&&ell%nt %t %ro$nd 2*33 &.). on >ece)ber 2, 1DD6[26

In 'ie o! t"e !ore(oin(, #ince t"e e7tr%8$dici%l con!e##ion o! %&&ell%nt %#(i'en in 'iol%tion o! t"e #%!e($%rd# in Article III, Section 12 o! t"e Con#tit$tion, e"old t"%t t"e %&&ell%nt# e7tr%8$dici%l con!e##ion d%ted >ece)ber 2, 1DD6 %#in%d)i##ible %# e'idence. And it" t"e e7cl$#ion t"ereo!, t"e record i# bere!t o! %n#$b#t%nti%l e'idence to #$#t%in t"e 8$d()ent o! con'iction. W"ile it i# tr$e t"%t oneCe#%r :ri(in%l %# &re#ented %# % itne## b t"e &ro#ec$tion, "i# te#ti)on did noti)&lic%te t"e %&&ell%nt in t"e )$rder o! El'in( %cob, t"e itne## "%'in( #%id onl

t"%t "e #% % #"ort )%n in (reen clot"e# r$nnin( %% !ro) t"e 'icinit o! t"ecri)e.

WHEREFORE, t"e deci#ion o! t"e o! t"e cri)e o! )$rder %nd "i#

i))edi%te rele%#e i# ordered $nle## t"ere i# re%#on to ret$rn "i) !or conne)ent%t t"e I%"i( ri#on :%r) in $erto rince#% Cit or to det%in "i) !or #o)e ot"er'%lid c%$#e. T"e >irector o! ri#on# i# directed to in!or) t"i# Co$rt o! "i# co)&li%nceit"in ten d%# !ro) recei&t o! t"i# deci#ion.

5. THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES VS. JOSE TING LAN UY, JR., e !".,4#5 SCRA 248

?n%re#-S%nti%(o, .

F!$%&:or %lle(edl di'ertin( %nd collectin( !$nd# o! t"e N%tion%l oer

Cor&or%tion intended !or t"e &$rc"%#e o! US >oll%r# !ro) t"e United Cocon$tl%nter# B%nH 0UCB4, t"e %cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt# ere c"%r(ed o! ;%l'er#%tion

t"ro$(" :%l#ic%tion o! Co))erci%l >oc$)ent# %# dened %nd &en%liGed $nderArt#. 21K %nd 1K1 [ in rel%tion to Article o! t"e eci#ion !o$nd t"e %cc$#ed1*(" -) (+e$*%!"e +e1"(1e+$e.

Acc$#ed Oc"o% inter&o#ed %n %&&e%l %nd cl%i)ed t"%t "i# con'iction %#b%#ed on "i# %lle(ed #orn #t%te)ent %nd t"e tr%n#cri&t o! #teno(r%&"ic note# o! %#$&&o#ed inter'ie it" %n NC &er#onnel %nd t"e re&ort o! t"e NBI. e )%int%in#t"%t "e #i(ned t"e #orn #t%te)ent "ile conned % t"e "ili&&ine "e%rt center %nd$&on %##$r%nce t"%t it o$ld not be $#ed %(%in#t "i). e %# not %##i#ted b

co$n#el nor "e %# %&&ri#ed o! "i# con#tit$tion%l ri("t# "en "e e7ec$ted t"e%d%'it. e liHei#e cl%i)ed t"%t "i# con#tit$tion%l ri("t# to be in!or)ed o! t"en%t$re %nd c%$#e o! %cc$#%tion %(%in#t %nd d$e &roce## ere 'iol%ted.

He"&

1. E'en i! t"e in!or)%tion c"%r(e# ill!$l )%l'er#%tion, con'iction !or)%l'er#%tion t"ro$(" ne(li(ence )% #till be %d8$d(ed i! t"e e'idence$lti)%tel &ro'e# t"%t )ode o! co))i##ion o! t"e oen#e. 0>i%G '#.S%ndi(%nb%%n, 32 SC

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%lre%d been t%Hen into &olice c$#tod %nd t"%t t"e in'e#ti(%tin( ocer#be(in to %#H /$e#tion# to elicit in!or)%tion %nd con!e##ion# or %d)i##ion#!ro) t"e #$#&ect. S$ccinctl #t%ted, c$#todi%l in'e#ti(%tion re!er# to t"ecritic%l &re-tri%l #t%(e "en t"e in'e#ti(%tion ce%#e# to be % (ener%l in/$irinto %n $n#ol'ed cri)e b$t "%# be(%n to !oc$# on % &%rtic$l%r &er#on %# %

#$#&ect 0Pe-0"e %. D*e+!%, J., 426 SCRA 6664. Cle%rl, t"ere!ore, t"eri("t# en$)er%ted b t"e %cc$#ed %re not %'%il%ble BE:O

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Note* % di#tinction beteen % con!e##ion %nd %d)i##ion "%# been )%de b t"e SC*Ad)i##ion o! % &%rt. T"e %ct, decl%r%tion or o)i##ion o! &%rt %# to % rele'%nt!%ct )% be (i'en in e'idence %(%in#t "i).

Con!e##ion. T"e decl%r%tion o! %n %cc$#ed %cHnoled(in( "i# ($ilt o! t"e oen#ec"%r(ed, or o! %n oen#e nece##%ril incl$ded t"erein, )% be (i'en in e'idence%(%in#t "i).

3. :I=PO V CA, 232 SCRA 53#he protective mantle of sec +, Article --- does not apply to confession to a privateindividual

4. PEOPLE V ORDONO, 334 SCRA 6#3#he protective mantle of sec +, Article --- does not apply to verbal admission madeto a radio announcer )ho )as not a part of the investigation:%ct#* On 5 A$($#t 1DD, t"e deco)&o#in( bod o! % o$n( (irl %# !o$nd %)on(t"e b$#"e# ne%r % brid(e in B%r%n(% obl%cion, S%ntol, L% Union. T"e (irl %# l%ter

identied %# S"irle 9ictore, 15 e%r# old, % re#ident o! B%r%n(% =$e##et,obl%cion, S%ntol, L% Union, "o d%# be!ore %# re&orted )i##in(. o#t)orte)e7%)in%tion cond$cted b >r. Art$ro Ll%'ore, % )edico-le(%l ocer o! t"e NBI,re'e%led t"%t t"e 'icti) %# r%&ed %nd #tr%n(led to de%t". Unidentied #o$rce#&ointed to %cito Ordoo %nd A&olonio ;edin% %# t"e %$t"or# o! t"e cri)e. Actin(on t"i# le%d, t"e &olice t"ere$&on in'ited t"e 2 #$#&ect# %nd bro$("t t"e) to t"e&olice #t%tion !or /$e#tionin(. oe'er, !or l%cH o! e'idence t"en directl linHin(t"e) to t"e cri)e, t"e ere %lloed to (o "o)e. On 13 A$($#t 1DD, Ordoo %nd;edin% ret$rned to t"e &olice #t%tion one %!ter %not"er %nd %cHnoled(ed t"%t t"e"%d indeed co))itted t"e cri)e. Actin( on t"eir %d)i##ion, t"e &olice i))edi%telcond$cted %n in'e#ti(%tion %nd &$t t"eir con!e##ion# in ritin(. T"e in'e#ti(%tor#"oe'er co$ld not %t once (et t"e #er'ice# o! % l%er to %##i#t t"e 2 %cc$#ed int"e co$r#e o! t"e in'e#ti(%tion bec%$#e t"ere ere no &r%cticin( l%er# in t"e

;$nici&%lit o! S%ntol, % re)ote ton o! t"e ro'ince o! L% Union. Be t"%t %# it )%,t"e #t%te)ent# o! t"e 2 %cc$#ed "ere ne'ert"ele## t%Hen. B$t be!ore doin( #o,bot" %cc$#ed ere %&&ri#ed in t"eir on di%lect o! t"eir con#tit$tion%l ri("t tore)%in #ilent %nd to be %##i#ted b % co)&etent co$n#el o! t"eir c"oice. U&on t"eir%c/$ie#cence %nd %##$r%nce t"%t t"e $nder#tood t"eir ri("t# %nd did not re/$iret"e #er'ice# o! co$n#el, t"e in'e#ti(%tion %# cond$cted it" t"e %ri#" rie#t, t"e;$nici&%l ;%or, t"e C"ie! o! olice %nd ot"er &olice ocer# o! S%ntol, L% Union, in%ttend%nce to li#ten to %nd itne## t"e (i'in( o! t"e 'ol$nt%r #t%te)ent# o! t"e 2#$#&ect# "o %d)itted t"eir &%rtici&%tion in t"e cri)e. A!ter ;edin% #%id "i# &iece,"i# i!e %nd )ot"er #$ddenl b$r#t into te%r#. e t"en %7ed "i# #i(n%t$re on "i##t%te)ent %nd #o did "i# i!e, !olloed b %ll t"e ot"er itne##e# "o li#tened to "i#con!e##ion. %cito Ordoo n%rr%ted "i# #tor in t"e %!ternoon. At t"e end o! "i#n%rr%tion Ordoo %7ed "i# t"$)b)%rH on "i# #t%te)ent in lie$ o! "i# #i(n%t$re %#"e did not Hno "o to rite. T"ere%!ter, ;edin% %nd Ordoo ere det%ined %t t"eS%ntol &olice #t%tion. Ne# %bo$t t"e %&&re"en#ion %nd detention o! t"e c$l&rit# o!

t"e r%&e-#l% o! S"irle 9ictore #oon #&re%d t"%t NL, 'i#ited %nd inter'ieed t"e). In t"e inter'ie,"ic" %# d$l t%&e-recorded bot" %cc$#ed %d)itted %(%in t"eir co)&licit in t"ecri)e %nd n%rr%ted indi'id$%ll t"e e'ent# #$rro$ndin( t"eir co))i##ion t"ereo!.Accordin( to ;edin%, "i# re)or#e in "%'in( co))itted t"e cri)e %# #o (re%t b$t

"i# re&ent%nce c%)e too l%te. e %nd Ordoo "o&ed t"%t t"e &%rent# o! S"irle9ictore o$ld !or(i'e t"e). U&on concl$#ion o! t"e inter'ie, NL %nd &l%ed t"e t%&ed inter'ie on t"e %ir. T"e #%)e inter'ie %# &l%ed %(%in on t"e %ir t"e !olloin( )ornin( %nd %#"e%rd b t"o$#%nd# o! li#tener#. A co$&le o! d%# l%ter, t"e &olice bro$("t t"e 2%cc$#ed to t"e oce o! t"e AO l%er in B%l%o%n, L% Union, !or %##i#t%nce %ndco$n#elin(. In % clo#ed-door #e##ion, AO l%er O#c%r B. Cor&$G %&&ri#ed e%c" o!t"e %cc$#ed o! "i# con#tit$tion%l ri("t# %nd, e'en t"o$(" t"eir con!e##ion# ere%lre%d ritten in t"eir di%lect, e7&l%ined to t"e) e%c" o! t"e /$e#tion# %nd%n#er# t%Hen d$rin( t"e in'e#ti(%tion. e liHei#e %d'i#ed t"e) to &onder t"econ#e/$ence# o! t"eir con!e##ion#, le%din( t"e) to de!er t"e %7in( o! t"eir#econd #i(n%t$reVt"$)b)%rH t"ereon. A!ter % eeH or #o, t"e 2 #e&%r%tel entb%cH to Att. Cor&$G %nd in!or)ed "i) o! t"eir illin(ne## to %7 t"eir #i(n%t$re#

%nd t"$)b)%rH# !or t"e #econd ti)e in t"eir re#&ecti'e con!e##ion#. Once %(%inAtt. Cor&$G %&&ri#ed t"e 2 %cc$#ed o! t"eir con#tit$tion%l ri("t#, e7&l%ined t"econtent# o! t"eir re#&ecti'e #t%te)ent#, %nd n%ll, %cco)&%nied t"e) to $d(e:%bi%n ;. B%$ti#t%, ;TC 8$d(e o! B%l%o%n, L% Union, "o !$rt"er %&&ri#ed t"e 2%cc$#ed o! t"eir con#tit$tion%l ri("t# %nd %#Hed t"e) i! t"e "%d been coerced into#i(nin( t"eir con!e##ion#. T"e %##$red $d(e B%$ti#t% t"%t t"eir #t%te)ent# "%dbeen (i'en !reel %nd 'ol$nt%ril. U&on #$c" %##$r%nce t"%t t"e "%d not beencoerced into (i'in( %nd #i(nin( t"eir con!e##ion#, $d(e B%$ti#t% n%ll %#HedOrdoo %nd ;edin% to %7 t"eir #i(n%t$re#Vt"$)b)%rH# on t"eir re#&ecti'econ!e##ion#, %nd to #$b#cribe t"e #%)e be!ore "i). Att. Cor&$G t"en #i(ned t"eir#t%te)ent# %# t"eir %##i#tin( co$n#el, !olloed b % !e )e)ber# o! t"e ;TC #t%"o itne##ed t"e #i(nin(. Ordono %nd ;edin% ere c"%r(ed !or r%&e it""o)icide. On %rr%i(n)ent, in % co)&lete t$rn%bo$t, t"e 2 %cc$#ed &le%ded not

($ilt. On 11 >ece)ber 1DDK, t"e tri%l co$rt %d8$d(ed Ordoo %nd ;edin% ($ilt o!t"e cri)e o! r%&e it" "o)icide %ttended it" con#&ir%c, %nd i)&o#ed $&on e%c"o! t"e) 2 de%t" &en%ltie# on t"e b%#i# o! t"eir e7tr%8$dici%l con!e##ion#. ence, t"e%$to)%tic re'ie.I%%*e& W"et"er t"e c$#todi%l in'e#ti(%tion )%de in t"e &re#ence o! t"e )$nici&%l)%or, &%ri#" &rie#t, etc. %ndVor t"e t%&ed inter'ie cont%inin( t"e %cc$#ed’#con!e##ion# %re %d)i##ible %# e'idence.He"& C$#todi%l in'e#ti(%tion be(%n "en t"e %cc$#ed Ordoo %nd ;edin%'ol$nt%ril ent to t"e S%ntol olice St%tion to con!e## %nd t"e in'e#ti(%tin( ocer#t%rted %#Hin( /$e#tion# to elicit in!or)%tion %ndVor con!e##ion !ro) t"e). At #$c"&oint, t"e ri("t o! t"e %cc$#ed to co$n#el %$to)%tic%ll %tt%c"ed to t"e).Concededl, %!ter in!or)in( t"e %cc$#ed o! t"eir ri("t# t"e &olice #o$("t to &ro'idet"e) it" co$n#el. oe'er, none co$ld be !$rni#"ed t"e) d$e to t"e non-%'%il%bilit o! &r%cticin( l%er# in S%ntol, L% Union, %nd t"e re)otene## o! t"eton to t"e ne7t %d8oinin( ton o! B%l%o%n, L% Union, "ere &r%cticin( l%er#

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co$ld be !o$nd. At t"%t #t%(e, t"e &olice #"o$ld "%'e %lre%d de#i#ted !ro)contin$in( it" t"e interro(%tion b$t t"e &er#i#ted %nd (%ined t"e con#ent o! t"e%cc$#ed to &roceed it" t"e in'e#ti(%tion. To t"e credit o! t"e &olice, t"ere/$e#ted t"e &re#ence o! t"e %ri#" rie#t %nd t"e ;$nici&%l ;%or o! S%ntol %#ell %# t"e rel%ti'e# o! t"e %cc$#ed to ob'i%te t"e &o##ibilit o! coercion, %nd to

itne## t"e 'ol$nt%r e7ec$tion b t"e %cc$#ed o! t"eir #t%te)ent# be!ore t"e&olice. Nonet"ele##, t"i# did not c$re in %n % t"e %b#ence o! % l%er d$rin( t"ein'e#ti(%tion. In t"e %b#ence o! #$c" '%lid %i'er, t"e %ri#" rie#t o! S%ntol, t"e;$nici&%l ;%or, t"e rel%ti'e# o! t"e %cc$#ed, t"e C"ie! o! olice %nd ot"er &oliceocer# o! t"e )$nici&%lit co$ld not #t%nd in lie$ o! co$n#el# &re#ence. T"e%&&%rent con#ent o! t"e 2 %cc$#ed in contin$in( it" t"e in'e#ti(%tion %# o! no)o)ent %# % %i'er to be eecti'e )$#t be )%de in ritin( %nd it" t"e%##i#t%nce o! co$n#el. Con#e/$entl, %n %d)i##ion obt%ined !ro) t"e 2 %cc$#ede)%n%tin( !ro) #$c" $nco$n#elled interro(%tion o$ld be in%d)i##ible in e'idencein %n &roceedin(. Sec$rin( t"e %##i#t%nce o! t"e AO l%er 5 to d%# l%ter doe#not re)ed t"i# o)i##ion eit"er. Alt"o$(" t"ere %# % #"oin( t"%t t"e AO l%er)%de % t"oro$(" e7&l%n%tion o! t"e ri("t# o! t"e %cc$#ed, enli("tened t"e) on t"e&o##ible re&erc$##ion# o! t"eir %d)i##ion#, %nd e'en (%'e t"e) ti)e to deliber%te

$&on t"e), t"i# %id %nd '%l$%ble %d'ice (i'en b co$n#el #till c%)e #e'er%l d%#too l%te. It co$ld "%'e no &%lli%ti'e eect. It co$ld not c$re t"e %b#ence o! co$n#eld$rin( t"e c$#todi%l in'e#ti(%tion "en t"e e7tr%8$dici%l #t%te)ent# ere bein(t%Hen. T"e #econd %7%tion o! t"e #i(n%t$re#Vt"$)b)%rH# o! t"e %cc$#ed on t"eircon!e##ion# % !e d%# %!ter t"eir clo#ed-door )eetin( it" t"e AO l%er, in t"e&re#ence %nd it" t"e #i(nin( o! t"e ;TC 8$d(e, t"e AO l%er %nd ot"eritne##e#, liHei#e did not )%He t"eir %d)i##ion# %n in!or)ed one. Ad)i##ion#obt%ined d$rin( c$#todi%l in'e#ti(%tion it"o$t t"e benet o! co$n#el %lt"o$("red$ced into ritin( %nd l%ter #i(ned in t"e &re#ence o! co$n#el %re #till J%ed$nder t"e Con#tit$tion. I! t"e l%er# role i# di)ini#"ed to bein( t"%t o! % )ereitne## to t"e #i(nin( o! % &re&%red doc$)ent %lbeit %n indic%tion t"erein t"%t t"ere%# co)&li%nce it" t"e con#tit$tion%l ri("t# o! t"e %cc$#ed, t"e re/$i#ite#t%nd%rd# ($%r%nteed b Art. III, Sec. 12, &%r. 014, %re not )et. T"e #t%nd%rd#

$tiliGed b &olice %$t"oritie# to %##$re t"e con#tit$tion%l ri("t# o! t"e %cc$#edt"ere!ore !ell #"ort o! t"e #t%nd%rd# de)%nded b t"e Con#tit$tion %nd t"e l%. A#it" t"e inter'ie t%Hen b >NL r%dio %nno$ncer enni# (irl!riend Cl%r%A(%(%# "o %# it" "i), #t$nned b t"e $ne7&ected %tt%cH, &le%ded to =%l(%rinto #to&. >enni# #tr$((led %nd #$cceeded )o)ent%ril to !ree "i)#el! !ro) "i#%tt%cHer. >enni# d%#"ed to%rd# t"e ne%rb ;idton S%le# b$t "i# e#c%&e %#!oiled "en !ro) o$t o! no"ere Ed%rd Endino %&&e%red %nd red %t >enni#. A#>enni# #t%((ered !or #%!et, t"e 2 %##%il%nt# Jed in t"e direction o! t"e %ir&ort.

D

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;e%n"ile, >enni#, o$nded %nd bleedin(, #o$("t re!$(e in#ide t"e Elo"i) Store"ere "e coll%ed on t"e Joor. e %# (r%#&in( !or bre%t" %nd ne%r de%t". Cl%r%it" t"e "el& o! #o)e onlooHer# tooH "i) to t"e "o#&it%l b$t >enni# e7&ired e'enbe!ore "e co$ld recei'e )edic%l %ttention. On 1 October 1DD1, %n In!or)%tion !ort"e )$rder o! >enni# A/$ino %# led %(%in#t Ed%rd Endino %nd =err =%l(%rin

%nd %rr%nt# ere i##$ed !or t"eir %rre#t. oe'er, %# bot" %cc$#ed re)%ined %tl%r(e, t"e tri%l co$rt i##$ed on 26 >ece)ber 1DD1 %n order &$ttin( t"e c%#e in t"e%rc"i'e# it"o$t &re8$dice to it# rein#t%te)ent $&on t"eir %&&re"en#ion. On 1DNo'e)ber 1DD2, =err =%l(%rin %# %rre#ted t"ro$(" t"e co)bined eort# o! t"eAnti&olo %nd %l%%n &olice !orce# %t % "o$#e in Sitio Sto. Nio, Anti&olo,

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On 2 $ne 1DD, B%#elino

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inde&endent co$n#el &re!er%bl o! "i# on c"oice. I! t"e &er#on c%nnot %ord t"e#er'ice# o! co$n#el, "e )$#t be &ro'ided it" one. T"e#e ri("t# c%nnot be %i'ede7ce&t in ritin( %nd in t"e &re#ence o! co$n#el.@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @4 An con!e##ion or %d)i##ion obt%ined in 'iol%tion o! t"i# or Section 1K "ereo!

#"%ll be in%d)i##ible in e'idence %(%in#t "i).@ @ @9eril, t"e )%ntle o! &rotection $nder t"i# con#tit$tion%l &ro'i#ion co'er# t"e &eriod!ro) t"e ti)e % &er#on i# t%Hen into c$#tod !or in'e#ti(%tion o! "i# &o##ible&%rtici&%tion in t"e co))i##ion o! % cri)e, or !ro) t"e ti)e "e i# #in(led o$t %# %#$#&ect in t"e co))i##ion o! t"e cri)e, %lt"o$(" not et in c$#tod. [6D Co$rt# %renot %lloed to di#tin($i#" beteen &reli)in%r /$e#tionin( %nd c$#todi%lin'e#ti(%tion &ro&er "en %&&lin( t"e e7cl$#ion%r r$le. An in!or)%tion or%d)i##ion (i'en b % &er#on "ile in c$#tod - "ic" )% %&&e%r "%r)le## orinnoc$o$# %t t"e ti)e it"o$t t"e co)&etent %##i#t%nce o! %n inde&endent co$n#el- #"o$ld be #tr$cH don %# in%d)i##ible.[K3

It be%r# #tre##in( t"%t t"e ri("t# $nder Section 12 %re %ccorded to R%n &er#on$nder in'e#ti(%tion !or t"e co))i##ion o! %n oen#e.R An in'e#ti(%tion be(in# "en

it i# no lon(er % (ener%l in/$ir into %n $n#ol'ed cri)e b$t #t%rt# to !oc$# on %&%rtic$l%r &er#on %# #$#&ect, i.e., "en t"e &olice in'e#ti(%tor #t%rt# interro(%tin(or e7%ctin( % con!e##ion !ro) t"e #$#&ect in connection it" %n %lle(ed oen#e.[K1

T"$#, in Pe-0"e %. @-"!+-%,[K2 e con#idered in%d)i##ible t"e 'erb%l e7tr%- 8$dici%l %d)i##ion o! %cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt $rin( tri%l, SO1 A'elino Sellori% te#tied*89' Along the )ay$ as you said$ you have conducted investigation on epe. 2hat

questions did you ask r. 3epe:

A' 2e asked both epe and megdio as to )ho )ere their companions.89' #hat )as all you asked both of them: #hat )as the only question you askedthem: A' 9e ased them who were their companions and where were they.8/ourt'

89' And )hat )as their ans)er:8A' #hey mentioned$ as their companions$ Pedro ariquit$ /ristituto ariquit and3oel Cascua and they further informed me they had come here already to#uyan. Pedro and 3oel )ere in #uyan. #hey informed me that and !sic" 3oel )as &ust in -sabela$ Pangdan.@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @89' So aside from these , questions$ no other questions )ere asked on DmegdioCascua and aselino 3epe:8A' >es sir.89' 2hat !)as" their ans)er:=!8 9e ased them why they robbed and illed.8/;@3#'89' 2hat )as their ans)er:

=!8 'hey said they had planned the robbery.8A##>. SA3-on ermida.= !emphasis ours" To o$r )ind, t"e interro(%tion cond$cted b t"e &olice on %cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt#E)e(dio %nd B%#elino !%ll# $nder t"e ter) Rc$#todi%l in'e#ti(%tionR &$r#$%nt to&re'%ilin( 8$ri#&r$dence %nd t"e &ro'i#ion# o!

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#t%tion. To &$t it dierentl, t"e &l%ce o! interro(%tion i# not %t %ll % reli%bleb%ro)eter to deter)ine t"e e7i#tence or %b#ence o! C$#todi%l in'e#ti(%tion. O!#triHin( )%teri%l #i(nic%nce i# %nd t"e !%ct t"%t t"e tone %nd )%nner o!/$e#tionin( b t"e &olice, %# (le%ned !ro) t"e record#, re'e%l t"%t t"e %lre%d&re#$)ed %cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt# %# t"e &er&etr%tor# o! t"e cri)e %nd #in(led t"e)

o$t %# t"e de#&ic%ble %$t"or# t"ereo!.Under t"e#e circ$)#t%nce#, t"e &olice %$t"oritie# #"o$ld "%'e &ro&erl %&&ri#edt"e) o! t"eir con#tit$tion%ll-&rotected ri("t#, it"o$t "ic" #$c" $nco$n#elled%d)i##ion# or %n ot"er e'idence obt%ined %# % re#$lt t"ereo!, or &roceedin(t"ere!ro) - t"e &$trid #o$rce - %re dee)ed liHei#e in%d)i##ible in e'idence%(%in#t t"e %cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt#.In t"i# 8$ri#diction, t"e b$rden to &ro'e t"%t %n %cc$#ed %i'ed "i# ri("t# to re)%in#ilent %nd t"e ri("t to co$n#el be!ore )%Hin( % con!e##ion $nder c$#todi%lin'e#ti(%tion re#t# it" t"e &ro#ec$tion. It i# %l#o t"e b$rden-o! t"e &ro#ec$tion to#"o t"%t t"e e'idence deri'ed !ro) con!e##ion i# not t%inted %# R!r$it o! t"e&oi#ono$# tree.R T"e b$rden "%# to be di#c"%r(ed b cle%r %nd con'incin(e'idence. [K6

In t"e in#t%nt c%#e, t"e &olice ocer# ere re)i## in &er!or)in( #$c" d$t %nd t"e

&ro#ec$tion e/$%ll !%iled to di#c"%r(e #$c" b$rden. T"e record#, indeed, %re bere!to! %n ndin( t"%t t"e &olice l%bored to &ro&erl %&&ri#e %cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt# o! t"eirri("t#. :$rt"er, no co$n#el %# &re#ent "en E)e(dio %nd B%#elino %n#ered t"e/$e#tion# &ro&o$nded to t"e) b t"e &olice, bot" %lon( t"e "i("% %nd %t t"e&olice #t%tion.In 'ie o! t"e#e con#tit$tion%l inr)itie# %ttend%nt to t"e interro(%tion, e con#idert"e e7tr%8$dici%l %d)i##ion# o! %cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt# %nd t"e te#ti)onie# o! t"e &oliceocer# in rel%tion t"ereto in%d)i##ible.:or, e'en i! t"e con!e##ion cont%in# % (r%in o! tr$t", b$t it %# )%de it"o$t t"e%##i#t%nce o! co$n#el, it beco)e# in%d)i##ible in e'idence, re(%rdle## o! t"e%b#ence o! coercion or e'en i! it "%d been 'ol$nt%ril (i'en.[KK

A&&lin( t"e e7cl$#ion%r r$le, e %l#o decl%re in%d)i##ible t"e )one %ndnecHl%ce reco'ered !ro) %cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt# !or bein( t%inted %# R!r$it# o! t"e&oi#ono$# tree.R Cle%rl, t"e record# #"o t"%t #$c" e'idence ere deri'ed orreco'ered !ro) % &oll$ted #o$rce, to it, t"e %cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt# $nco$n#elled%d)i##ion#.In Pe-0"e %. A"($!+-,[K t"i# Co$rt e7&lic%ted t"e &rinci&le, to it*R We "%'e not onl con#tit$tion%l iGed t"e ;ir%nd% %rnin(# in o$r 8$ri#diction. We%l#o "%'e %do&ted t"e libert%ri%n e7cl$#ion%r r$le Hnon %# t"e R!r$it o! t"e&oi#ono$# treeR, % &"r%#e )inted b ;r. $#tice :eli7 :r%nH!$rter in t"e celebr%tedc%#e o! N%rdone '#. United St%te#.[KD Accordin( to t"i# r$le, once t"e &ri)%r#o$rce 0t"e tree4 i# #"on to "%'e been $nl%!$ll obt%ined, %n #econd%r orderi'%ti'e e'idence 0t"e !r$it4 deri'ed !ro) it i# %l#o in%d)i##ible. St%tedot"eri#e, ille(%ll #eiGed e'idence i# obt%ined %# % direct re#$lt o! t"e ille(%l %ct,"ere%# t"e !r$it o! t"e &oi#ono$# tree i# t"e indirect re#$lt o! t"e #%)e ille(%l%ct. T"e !r$it o! t"e &oi#ono$# tree i# %t le%#t once re)o'ed !ro) t"e ille(%ll #eiGede'idence b$t it i# e/$%ll in%d)i##ible. T"e r$le i# b%#ed on t"e &rinci&le t"%t

e'idence ille(%ll obt%ined b t"e St%te #"o$ld not be $#ed to (%in ot"er e'idence

bec%$#e t"e ori(in%ll ille(%ll obt%ined e'idence t%int# %ll e'idence #$b#e/$entlobt%ined.R

8. PP V DANO, 339 SCRA 55?o)ever$ spontaneous statements voluntarily given$ as )here appellant orally

admitted killing the victim before the barangay captain !)ho is neither a policeocer nor a la) enforcement agent"$ do not fall under custodial investigation. Suchadmission$ even )ithout the assistance of a la)yer$ does not violate appellant(sconstitutional rights Ae)o#t"ene# er%lt%, t"e b%r%n(% c%&t%in o! Ti($i%n, ;%r(o#%t$bi(, %)bo%n(%del S$r+ SO e#$# %no,ido o! t"e 'icti). T"e &ro#ec$tion# e'idence e#t%bli#"ed t"e !olloin(*On ;%rc" 16, 1DD, %t %ro$nd "%l! &%#t #i7 oclocH in t"e e'enin(, &ro#ec$tionitne## Wil!redo T%&i%n %# re#tin( in t"e "o$#e o! % Nenen( ;ir%# in Ti($i%n,;%r(o#%t$bi(, "en Tere#it% >%no %rri'ed %nd %#Hed !or "i# "el&. Tere#it% toldWil!redo t"%t "er "$#b%nd, E)eterio, %tt%cHed "i# brot"er Alberto, "erein %&&ell%nt,in t"e l%tter# "o$#e.[2 Wil!redo i))edi%tel r$#"ed to %&&ell%nt# "o$#e, "ic" %##o)e one "$ndred )eter# %%.On %rri'in( %t %&&ell%nt# "o$#e, Wil!redo #% t"e 'icti) &%cin( b%cH %nd !ort" in%&&ell%nt# !ront %rd. T"e 'icti), %r)ed it" % #ct"e %# #"o$tin( %t %&&ell%nt,"o %# looHin( o$t o! t"e indo, to co)e don #o t"e co$ld ("t to t"ede%t". !Kanaog diri kay magkamatay ta."[ Wil!redo tried to &%ci! t"e 'icti) "oHe&t re&e%tin( "i# c"%llen(e "ile #triHin( "i# #ct"e on t"e (ro$nd, b$t to no %'%il.[ A&&ell%nt %l#o %d'i#ed "i# o$n(er brot"er to (o "o)e, b$t t"e l%tter re!$#ed toli#ten. S$ddenl, E)eterio le%&ed %t %&&ell%nt "o %# #t%ndin( it" "i# "e%d o$to! t"e indo %nd #l%#"ed %&&ell%nt it" "i# #ct"e b$t )i##ed.[5 Seein( t"%t "i#eort# to #to& t"e !r%tern%l /$%rrel ere o! no $#e %nd !e%r!$l o! bein( "it in t"e%r%, Wil!redo le!t !or "o)e.Beteen t"e "o$r# o! #i7 %nd #e'en oclocH t"%t #%)e e'enin(, >e)o#t"ene#er%lt%, t"e b%r%n(% c%&t%in o! Ti($i%n, %# in!or)ed b Wil!redo %nd % cert%in:ern%ndo Te'e# t"%t t"e >%no brot"er# ere /$%rrelin(.[6>e)o#t"ene# ent to

%&&ell%nt# "o)e to in'e#ti(%te. On "i# %, "e )et %&&ell%nt. T"e l%tter told

1

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/oct2000/122733.htm#_edn76http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/oct2000/122733.htm#_edn77http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/oct2000/122733.htm#_edn78http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/oct2000/122733.htm#_edn79http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/oct2000/122733.htm#_edn79http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/sept2000/117690.htm#_edn1http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/sept2000/117690.htm#_edn1http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/sept2000/117690.htm#_edn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/sept2000/117690.htm#_edn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/sept2000/117690.htm#_edn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/sept2000/117690.htm#_edn4http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/sept2000/117690.htm#_edn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/sept2000/117690.htm#_edn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/sept2000/117690.htm#_edn6http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/oct2000/122733.htm#_edn76http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/oct2000/122733.htm#_edn77http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/oct2000/122733.htm#_edn78http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/oct2000/122733.htm#_edn79http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/sept2000/117690.htm#_edn1http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/sept2000/117690.htm#_edn2http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/sept2000/117690.htm#_edn3http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/sept2000/117690.htm#_edn4http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/sept2000/117690.htm#_edn5http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2000/sept2000/117690.htm#_edn6

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er%lt% "e "%d Hilled E)eterio %nd 'ol$nt%ril #$rrendered to "i).[K >e)o#t"ene#le!t %&&ell%nt in Wil!redo# "o$#e %nd &roceeded to %&&ell%nt# re#idence "ere "e#% t"e blood core o! t"e 'icti) #&r%led in t"e %rd, ne%r t"e #t%ir#.[ enoticed t"%t t"e bod bore #e'er%l "%cHin( %nd #l%#"in( o$nd#.[D >e)o#t"ene#!etc"ed %&&ell%nt !ro) Wil!redo# "o$#e %nd tooH "i) to t"e &olice #t%tion.

E%rl in t"e )ornin( o! t"e ne7t d%, >e)o#t"ene# !etc"ed % doctor !ro) t"e ton&ro&er o! ;%r(o#%t$bi(. T"e l%tter e7%)ined t"e 'icti)# bod, #till lin( in%&&ell%nt# %rd. At t"e re/$e#t o! t"e &olice #t%tion co))%nder, >e)o#t"ene# tooH&"oto# o! t"e core, "ic" "e l%ter t$rned o'er to t"e &olice.[13 e cond$cted %!$rt"er e7%)in%tion o! t"e cri)e #cene %nd !o$nd % blood#t%ined #ct"e bene%t"%&&ell%nt# "o$#e.[11 T"e #ct"e# ooden "%ndle "%d t"e n%)e Alberto >%noc%r'ed on it. e t$rned o'er t"e #ct"e to t"e &olice. T"e necro re&ort e#t%bli#"ed t"%t t"e c%$#e o! de%t" %# %c$te blood lo##,#econd%r to )$lti&le "%cHin( o$nd#.[12

W"en interro(%ted b t"e &olice, %&&ell%nt, it"o$t %##i#t%nce o! co$n#el, %d)itted"e Hilled "i# brot"er. T"e &ertinent &ortion o! "i# #t%te)ent, cont%ined in t"e &oliceblotter, %nd re%d into t"e record# it"o$t ob8ection b t"e de!en#e, re%d#*[S$b8ect %d)itted o! 0#ic4 Hillin( "i# o$n(er brot"er %# t"e l%tter %# dr$nH %nd

&ro'oHed "i) !or 0#ic4 % #ct"e d$el ri("t don#t%ir0#4 o! "i# "o$#e t"%t &ro)&ted"i) to (et "i# #ct"e %nd co)e don !ro) "i# "o$#e %nd %lle(edl bo7ed r#t "i#brot"er %nd #$b#e/$entl "%cHed #e'er%l ti)e# %# "e %# %lre%d co))%nded b"i# e'il t"o$("t0#4.[1

T"e 'icti)# ido %d)itted t"%t t"e #ct"e, "ic" "er l%te "$#b%nd c%rried on t"%t!%te!$l d%, %# ret$rned to "er b #o)e &eo&le in t"eir b%r%n(%.[1 S"e did nott$rn o'er t"e #ct"e to t"e &olice.[15

T"e de!en#e &re#ented %&&ell%nt %nd "i# #&o$#e %# it# itne##.A&&ell%nt cl%i)ed t"%t "e %cted in #el!-de!en#e %nd in de!en#e o! "i# !%)il. en%rr%ted t"%t "e %nd "i# !%)il ere &re&%rin( to (o to bed %t %ro$nd 6*3 &.).;%rc" 16, 1DD, "en "e "e%rd #o)ebod #"o$t Bo, co)e don %nd e ill ("tto de%t". !oy kanang diha kay magpatay ta" [16 At r#t, "e tried to i(nore t"ec"%llen(e, b$t "en it %# re&e%ted #e'er%l ti)e#, "e looHed o$t t"e indo %nd#% "i# brot"er E)eterio o$t#ide, %r)ed it" % #ct"e. e told "i# brot"er to (o"o)e b$t t"e l%tter, "o %&&e%red di#t$rbed, did not "eed "i# ord#. In#te%d, "eHe&t on "ittin( t"e (ro$nd it" t"e #ct"e. [1K Wit"o$t %n &ro'oc%tion on "i# &%rt,E)eterio #$ddenl le%&ed %t "i) %nd %tt%cHed "i) it" t"e #ct"e, "ic" "ee'%ded.[1 E)eterio t"en %#cended t"e #t%ir# to &$#" o&en t"e b%)boo door on t"e&orc" le%din( to t"eir li'in( roo).[1D T"e door &%rti%ll o&ened %!ter E)eterio#l%))ed it #e'er%l ti)e#. A&&ell%nt# i!e %nd c"ildren #cre%)ed %nd cried in !e%r.[23 A&&ell%nt "eld %nd ti#ted "i# brot"er# ri#t to di#%r) "i) o! t"e #ct"e. [21 T"e(r%&&led !or t"e #ct"e "ile in t"e &orc", t"en t$)bled don t"e #t%ir#.[22 W"ent"e "it t"e (ro$nd, t"e 'icti) %# de%d. A&&ell%nt did not Hno "o )%n ti)e#"e "it "i# brot"er or "o )%n o$nd# "e inJicted.[2 e #%id "e %# not in %nor)%l #t%te o! )ind. Seein( t"%t "e "%d Hilled "i# brot"er, %&&ell%nt t"re t"e#ct"e $nder "i# "o$#e %nd ent to t"e b%r%n(% c%&t%in to #$rrender. i# #&o$#el%r(el corrobor%ted %&&ell%nt# 'er#ion o! t"e r#t ro$nd o! t"e !r%tricid%l %r%.[2 S"e cl%i)ed, "oe'er, t"%t #"e did not #ee "o t"e 'icti) %# Hilled %# t"e

ere in#ide t"e "o$#e %nd #"e, %# ell %# "er c"ildren, "%d t"eir ee# clo#ed in#"ocH %nd !e%r.[25

A&&ell%nt denied onin( t"e #ct"e !o$nd b t"e b%r%n(% c%&t%in bene%t" "i#"o$#e.[26 e did not Hno " "i# n%)e %# en(r%'ed on t"e ooden "%ndle o!#%id #ct"e.[2K e %# #$re, "oe'er, t"%t it %# t"e #%)e #ct"e t"%t "i# brot"er

%# c%rrin( d$rin( t"e incident.[2A&&ell%nt e7&l%ined t"%t "e "%d % &re'io$# )i#$nder#t%ndin( it" t"e 'icti) o'ert"e &$rc"%#e o! % "or#e !ro) "i# co$#in >oroteo Oli'er on in#t%ll)entb%#i#. E)eterio %nted to b$ t"e "or#e, b$t %&&ell%nt bo$("t it %"e%d o! "i),"ic" c%$#ed t"e !or)er to re#ent "i).[2D

T"e co$rt belo di#belie'ed %&&ell%nt# 'er#ion o! t"e incident %nd decided %#!ollo#*WE

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Acc$#ed# te#ti)on on t"e itne## #t%nd "oe'er, contr%dict# "i# 'er#ion%&&e%rin( on t"e &olice blotter o! t"e &olice #t%tion o! ;%r(o#%t$bi( d%ted ;%rc"16, 1DD, "ere "e %d)itted t"e Hillin( o! "i# o$n(er brot"er E)eterio >%no %#t"e l%tter %# dr$nH %nd &ro'oHed "i) !or 0#ic4 % #ct"e d$el ri("t don#t%ir# o! "i#"o$#e t"%t &ro)&ted "i) to (et "i# #ct"e %nd co)e don !ro) "i# "o$#e %nd

%lle(edl bo7ed r#t "i# brot"er %nd #$b#e/$entl "%cHed #e'er%l ti)e# %# "e %#%lre%d co))%nded b e'il t"o$("t#.>$rin( t"e !or)%l oer o! e'idence b t"e &ro#ec$tion, de!en#e co$n#el %d)ittedt"e %$t"enticit o! t"e e7tr%ct o! %bo'e entr in t"e &olice blotter 0E7"ibit B,&ro#ec$tion4 cont%inin( t"e !ore(oin( recit%l %# te#tied to b SO e#$# id t"e tri%l co$rt err in %d)ittin( t"e e7tr%8$dici%l con!e##ion o! t"e %cc$#ed024 >id t"e co$rt a quo err in !%ilin( to %&&reci%te %&&ell%nt# de!en#e o! #el!-de!en#e%ndVor de!en#e o! rel%ti'e#, or %t t"e le%#t inco)&lete #el!-de!en#e %ndVor de!en#e o! rel%ti'e#04 >id it err in con'ictin( %&&ell%nt o! )$rder /$%lied b tre%c"er %nd i)&o#in(t"e &en%lt t"ere!orOn t"e rst issue, %&&ell%nt %'er# t"%t it %# error !or t"e tri%l co$rt to (i'e ei("tto t"e %d)i##ion# )%de b %&&ell%nt d$rin( c$#todi%l in'e#ti(%tion 0E7"ibitE4. A&&ell%nt contend# t"%t "i# con#tit$tion%l %nd #t%t$tor ri("t to co$n#el d$rin(c$#todi%l in'e#ti(%tion %# 'iol%ted "en t"e &olice tooH "i# #t%te)ent# it"o$t %l%er to %##i#t "i).e !$rt"er %r($e# t"%t t"e tri%l co$rt #"o$ld "%'e decl%red "i##t%te)ent# be!ore t"e &olice in%d)i##ible "en t"e ere ob8ected to d$rin( t"etri%l.A &er#on $nder in'e#ti(%tion !or t"e co))i##ion o! %n oen#e i# ($%r%nteed t"e!olloin( ri("t# b t"e Con#tit$tion*014 t"e ri("t to re)%in #ilent+ 024 t"e ri("t to"%'e co)&etent %nd inde&endent co$n#el o! "i# on c"oice, %nd to be &ro'idedone i! "e c%nnot %ord t"e #er'ice# o! co$n#el+ %nd 04 t"e ri("t to be in!or)ed o!t"e#e ri("t#.[1 T"e#e ri("t# c%nnot be %i'ed e7ce&t in ritin( %nd in t"e &re#enceo! co$n#el.[2 A con!e##ion to be %d)i##ible )$#t #%ti#! t"e !olloin(re/$ire)ent#* 014 t"e con!e##ion )$#t be 'ol$nt%r+ 024 t"e con!e##ion )$#t be)%de it" t"e %##i#t%nce o! co)&etent %nd inde&endent co$n#el+ 04 t"econ!e##ion )$#t be e7&re##+ %nd 04 t"e con!e##ion )$#t be in ritin(.[Incon'ictin( t"e %cc$#ed o! t"e oen#e c"%r(ed, t"e tri%l co$rt "eld*Acc$#ed# te#ti)on on t"e itne## #t%nd "oe'er, contr%dict# "i# 'er#ion%&&e%rin( on t"e &olice blotter o! t"e &olice #t%tion o! ;%r(o#%t$bi( d%ted ;%rc"16, 1DD, "ere "e %d)itted t"e Hillin( o! "i# o$n(er brot"er E)eterio >%no %#

t"e l%tter %# dr$nH %nd &ro'oHed "i) !or 0#ic4 % #ct"e d$el ri("t don#t%ir# o! "i#

15

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"o$#e t"%t &ro)&ted "i) to (et "i# #ct"e %nd co)e don !ro) "i# "o$#e %nd%lle(edl bo7ed r#t "i# brot"er %nd #$b#e/$entl "%cHed #e'er%l ti)e# %# "e %#%lre%d co))%nded b e'il t"o$("t#.>$rin( t"e !or)%l oer o! e'idence b t"e &ro#ec$tion, de!en#e co$n#el %d)ittedt"e %$t"enticit o! t"e e7tr%ct o! %bo'e entr in t"e &olice blotter 0E7"ibit B,

&ro#ec$tion4 cont%inin( t"e !ore(oin( recit%l %# te#tied to b SO e#$#

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&ro)i#e# o! i))$nit %nd Rit" !$ll Hnoled(e o! ) le(%l ri("t#, $nder#t%ndin(%n #t%te)ent I )%He )% be $#ed %(%in#t )e.R At "i# tri%l be!ore % 8$r, t"eritten con!e##ion %# %d)itted into e'idence o'er t"e ob8ection o! de!en#eco$n#el, %nd t"e ocer# te#tied to t"e &rior or%l con!e##ion )%de b ;ir%nd%d$rin( t"e interro(%tion. ;ir%nd% %# !o$nd ($ilt o! Hidn%&&in( %nd r%&e. e %#

#entenced to 23 to 3 e%r# i)&ri#on)ent on e%c" co$nt, t"e #entence# to r$nconc$rrentl. On %&&e%l, t"e S$&re)e Co$rt o! AriGon% "eld t"%t ;ir%nd%#con#tit$tion%l ri("t# ere not 'iol%ted in obt%inin( t"e con!e##ion %nd %r)ed t"econ'iction. In re%c"in( it# deci#ion, t"e co$rt e)&"%#iGed "e%'il t"e !%ct t"%t;ir%nd% did not #&ecic%ll re/$e#t co$n#el. [No. K63, 9i(ner% '#. Ne ?orH;ic"%el 9i(ner%, %# &icHed $& b Ne ?orH &olice on 1 October 1D63, inconnection it" t"e robber t"ree d%# e%rlier o! % BrooHln dre## #"o&. T"e tooH"i) to t"e 1Kt" >etecti'e S/$%d "e%d/$%rter# in ;%n"%tt%n. So)eti)e t"ere%!ter"e %# t%Hen to t"e 66t" >etecti'e S/$%d. W"ile %t t"e 66t" >etecti'e S/$%d,9i(ner% %# identied b t"e #tore oner %nd % #%le#l%d %# t"e )%n "o robbedt"e dre## #"o&. At %bo$t &. ). "e %# !or)%ll %rre#ted. T"e &olice t"entr%n#&orted "i) to #till %not"er #t%tion, t"e K3t" recinct in BrooHln, R!ordetention.R At 11 &. ). 9i(ner% %# /$e#tioned b %n %##i#t%nt di#trict %ttorne in

t"e &re#ence o! % "e%rin( re&orter "o tr%n#cribed t"e /$e#tion# %nd 9i(ner%#%n#er#. T"i# 'erb%ti) %cco$nt o! t"e#e &roceedin(# cont%in# no #t%te)ent o! %n%rnin(# (i'en b t"e %##i#t%nt di#trict %ttorne. At 9i(ner%# tri%l on % c"%r(e o!r#t de(ree robber, t"e detecti'e te#tied %# to t"e or%l con!e##ion. T"etr%n#cri&tion o! t"e #t%te)ent t%Hen %# %l#o introd$ced in e'idence. 9i(ner% %#!o$nd ($ilt o! r#t de(ree robber. e %# #$b#e/$entl %d8$d(ed % t"ird-!elonoender %nd #entenced to 3 to 63 e%r# i)&ri#on)ent. T"e con'iction %#%r)ed it"o$t o&inion b t"e A&&ell%te >i'i#ion, Second >e&%rt)ent, %nd b t"eCo$rt o! A&&e%l#, %l#o it"o$t o&inion, re)ittit$r %)ended. In %r($)ent to t"eCo$rt o! A&&e%l#, t"e St%te contended t"%t 9i(ner% "%d no con#tit$tion%l ri("t to be%d'i#ed o! "i# ri("t to co$n#el or "i# &ri'ile(e %(%in#t #el!-incri)in%tion. [No. K61,We#to'er '#. United St%te# At %&&ro7i)%tel D*5 &. ). on 23 ;%rc" 1D6, C%rlC%l'in We#to'er %# %rre#ted b loc%l &olice in F%n#%# Cit %# % #$#&ect in toF%n#%# Cit robberie#. A re&ort %# %l#o recei'ed !ro) t"e :BI t"%t "e %# %ntedon % !elon c"%r(e in C%li!orni%. T"e loc%l %$t"oritie# tooH "i) to % &olice #t%tion%nd &l%ced "i) in % line-$& on t"e loc%l c"%r(e#, %nd %t %bo$t 11*5 &. ). "e %#booHed. F%n#%# Cit &olice interro(%ted We#to'er on t"e ni("t o! "i# %rre#t. edenied %n Hnoled(e o! cri)in%l %cti'itie#. T"e ne7t d% loc%l ocer# interro(%ted"i) %(%in t"ro$("o$t t"e )ornin(. S"ortl be!ore noon t"e in!or)ed t"e :BI t"%tt"e ere t"ro$(" interro(%tin( We#to'er %nd t"%t t"e :BI co$ld &roceed tointerro(%te "i). T"ere i# not"in( in t"e record to indic%te t"%t We#to'er %# e'er(i'en %n %rnin( %# to "i# ri("t# b loc%l &olice. At noon, t"ree #&eci%l %(ent# o!t"e :BI contin$ed t"e interro(%tion in % &ri'%te inter'ie roo) o! t"e F%n#%# Citolice >e&%rt)ent, t"i# ti)e it" re#&ect to t"e robber o! % #%'in(# %nd lo%n%##oci%tion %nd % b%nH in S%cr%)ento, C%li!orni%. A!ter to or to %nd one-"%l!"o$r#, We#to'er #i(ned #e&%r%te con!e##ion# to e%c" o! t"e#e to robberie# "ic""%d been &re&%red b one o! t"e %(ent# d$rin( t"e interro(%tion. At tri%l one o! t"e

%(ent# te#tied, %nd % &%r%(r%&" on e%c" o! t"e #t%te)ent# #t%te#, t"%t t"e %(ent#

%d'i#ed We#to'er t"%t "e did not "%'e to )%He % #t%te)ent, t"%t %n #t%te)ent "e)%de co$ld be $#ed %(%in#t "i), %nd t"%t "e "%d t"e ri("t to #ee %n %ttorne.We#to'er %# tried b % 8$r in !eder%l co$rt %nd con'icted o! t"e C%li!orni%robberie#. i# #t%te)ent# ere introd$ced %t tri%l. e %# #entenced to 15 e%r#i)&ri#on)ent on e%c" co$nt, t"e #entence# to r$n con#ec$ti'el. On %&&e%l, t"e

con'iction %# %r)ed b t"e Co$rt o! A&&e%l# !or t"e Nint" Circ$it. [No. 5,C%li!orni% '#. Ste%rt In t"e co$r#e o! in'e#ti(%tin( % #erie# o! &$r#e-#n%tc"robberie# in "ic" one o! t"e 'icti)# "%d died o! in8$rie# inJicted b "er %##%il%nt,$rin( t"enint" interro(%tion #e##ion, Ste%rt %d)itted t"%t "e "%d robbed t"e dece%#ed %nd#t%ted t"%t "e "%d not )e%nt to "$rt "er. olice t"en bro$("t Ste%rt be!ore %)%(i#tr%te !or t"e r#t ti)e. Since t"ere %# no e'idence to connect t"e) it" %ncri)e, t"e &olice t"en rele%#ed t"e ot"er !o$r &er#on# %rre#ted it" "i). Not"in( int"e record #&ecic%ll indic%te# "et"er Ste%rt %# or %# not %d'i#ed o! "i# ri("tto re)%in #ilent or "i# ri("t to co$n#el. In % n$)ber o! in#t%nce#, "oe'er, t"einterro(%tin( ocer# ere %#Hed to reco$nt e'ert"in( t"%t %# #%id d$rin( t"einterro(%tion#. None indic%ted t"%t Ste%rt %# e'er %d'i#ed o! "i# ri("t#. Ste%rt%# c"%r(ed it" Hidn%&&in( to co))it robber, r%&e, %nd )$rder. At "i# tri%l,tr%n#cri&t# o! t"e r#t interro(%tion %nd t"e con!e##ion %t t"e l%#t interro(%tion ereintrod$ced in e'idence. T"e 8$r !o$nd Ste%rt ($ilt o! robber %nd r#t de(ree)$rder %nd 7ed t"e &en%lt %# de%t". On %&&e%l, t"e S$&re)e Co$rt o! C%li!orni%re'er#ed. I##$e* W"et"er t"e ritten con!e##ion# )%de in $nco$n#elledinterro(%tion, it" t"e %cc$#ed not %&&r%i#ed o! "i# ri("t to con#$lt it" %n %ttorne%nd to "%'e one d$rin( t"e inerro(%tion, nor "i# ri("t not to be co)&elled toincri)in%te "i)#el!, %re not %d)i##ible %# e'idence. eld* In No. K5D, !ro) t"ete#ti)on o! t"e ocer# %nd b t"e %d)i##ion o! t"e St%te o! AriGon%, it i# cle%r t"%t;ir%nd% %# not in %n % %&&ri#ed o! "i# ri("t to con#$lt it" %n %ttorne %nd to"%'e one &re#ent d$rin( t"e interro(%tion, nor %# "i# ri("t not to be co)&elled toincri)in%te "i)#el! eecti'el &rotected in %n ot"er )%nner. Wit"o$t t"e#e%rnin(# t"e #t%te)ent# ere in%d)i##ible. T"e )ere !%ct t"%t "e #i(ned %#t%te)ent "ic" cont%ined % t&ed-in cl%$#e #t%tin( t"%t "e "%d R!$ll Hnoled(eR o! "i# Rle(%l ri("t#R doe# not %&&ro%c" t"e Hnoin( %nd intelli(ent %i'er re/$ired torelin/$i#" con#tit$tion%l ri("t#. Si)il%rl in No. K63, 9i(ner% %# not %rned o! %no! "i# ri("t# be!ore t"e /$e#tionin( b t"e detecti'e %nd b t"e %##i#t%nt di#trict%ttorne. No ot"er #te ere t%Hen to &rotect t"e#e ri("t#. T"$# "e %# not

eecti'el %&&ri#ed o! "i# :i!t" A)end)ent &ri'ile(e or o! "i# ri("t to "%'e co$n#el

1K

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&re#ent %nd "i# #t%te)ent# %re in%d)i##ible. In No. K61, t"ere i# not"in( in t"e !%ct#t"%t We#to'er Hnoin(l %nd intelli(entl %i'ed "i# ri("t to re)%in #ilent %nd "i#ri("t to con#$lt it" co$n#el &rior to t"e ti)e "e )%de t"e #t%te)ent. At t"e ti)et"e :BI %(ent# be(%n /$e#tionin( We#to'er, "e "%d been in c$#tod !or o'er 1"o$r# %nd "%d been interro(%ted %t len(t" d$rin( t"%t &eriod. T"e :BI interro(%tion

be(%n i))edi%tel $&on t"e concl$#ion o! t"e interro(%tion b F%n#%# Cit &olice%nd %# cond$cted in loc%l &olice "e%d/$%rter#. T"ere i# no e'idence o! %n%rnin( (i'en &rior to t"e :BI interro(%tion nor i# t"ere %n e'idence o! %n%rtic$l%ted %i'er o! ri("t# %!ter t"e :BI co))enced it# interro(%tion. T"e record#i)&l #"o# t"%t t"e de!end%nt did in !%ct con!e## % #"ort ti)e %!ter bein( t$rnedo'er to t"e :BI !olloin( interro(%tion b loc%l &olice. >e#&ite t"e !%ct t"%t t"e :BI%(ent# (%'e %rnin(# %t t"e o$t#et o! t"eir inter'ie, !ro) We#to'er# &oint o! 'iet"e %rnin(# c%)e %t t"e end o! t"e interro(%tion &roce##. In t"e#e circ$)#t%nce#%n intelli(ent %i'er o! con#tit$tion%l ri("t# c%nnot be %##$)ed. L% en!orce)ent%$t"oritie# %re not &recl$ded !ro) /$e#tionin( %n indi'id$%l "o "%# been "eld !or% &eriod o! ti)e b ot"er %$t"oritie# %nd interro(%ted b t"e) it"o$t %&&ro&ri%te%rnin(#. A dierent c%#e o$ld be &re#ented i! %n %cc$#ed ere t%Hen intoc$#tod b t"e #econd %$t"orit, re)o'ed bot" in ti)e %nd &l%ce !ro) "i# ori(in%l

#$rro$ndin(#, %nd t"en %de/$%tel %d'i#ed o! "i# ri("t# %nd (i'en %n o&&ort$nit toe7erci#e t"e). L%#tl in No. 5, In de%lin( it" c$#todi%l interro(%tion, t"e Co$rtill not &re#$)e t"%t % de!end%nt "%# been eecti'el %&&ri#ed o! "i# ri("t# %ndt"%t "i# &ri'ile(e %(%in#t #el!-incri)in%tion "%# been %de/$%tel #%!e($%rded on %record t"%t doe# not #"o t"%t %n %rnin(# "%'e been (i'en or t"%t %n eecti'e%ltern%ti'e "%# been e)&loed. Nor c%n % Hnoin( %nd intelli(ent %i'er o! t"e#eri("t# be %##$)ed on % #ilent record. :$rt"er)ore, Ste%rt# #te%d!%#t deni%l o! t"e%lle(ed oen#e# t"ro$(" ei("t o! t"e nine interro(%tion# o'er % &eriod o! 'e d%# i##$b8ect to no ot"er con#tr$ction t"%n t"%t "e %# co)&elled b &er#i#tentinterro(%tion to !or(o "i# :i!t" A)end)ent &ri'ile(e.

3. P. %. D*e-,

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The new provisions in sec );, Art I? +-: 1onsti were adopted from the ruling in 'iranda vs.

AriEona w$c specifies the ff. procedural safeguards for incustody interrogation of accused

persons#

@&rior to any 5uestioning, the person must be warned that he has a right to remain silent, that any

statement he does make may be used as evidence against him, and that he has a right to the presence of an atty. Bmust be clear 8 une5uivocalC

@The defendant may waive these rights, provided the waiver is made voluntarily knowingly and

intelligently.

As restated by 1hief Fustice 4arren in the 'iranda case#

@/or those unaware of the privilege, the warning is needed simply to make them aware of it G

the threshold re5uirement for an intelligent decision as to its e2ercise.

@'ore important, such a warning is an absolute prere5uisite in overcoming the inherent

pressures of the interrogation atmosphere . . .

@/urther, the warning will show the individual that his interrogators are prepared to recogniEe

his privilege should he choose to e2ercise it . . .

@The warning must be accompanied by the e2planation that anything said can and will be used

against the individual in court. This warning is needed in order to make him aware not only of

the privilege, but also of the conse5uences of forgoing it . . .

@An individual need not make a preinterrogation re5uest for a lawyer. /ailure to ask for a

lawyer does not constitute a waiver. The accused who does not know his rights and therefore

does not make a re5uest may be the person who most needs counsel.

@If the interrogation continues w$o presence of an atty and a statement is taken, a heavy burden

rests on the govt to demonstrate that the defendant knowingly and intelligently waived his

privilege against selfincrimination and his right to retained or appointed counsel . . .

@An e2press statement that the individual is willing to make a statement and does not want an

atty followed closely by a statement could constitute a waiver . . .

In the 'iranda case, the /ederal %upreme 1ourt made it clear that what is prohibited is the

@incommunicado interrogation of individuals in a policedominated atmosphere, resulting in

selfincriminating statements w$o full warnings of constitutional rights.@

The 'iranda ruling does not mean that the police should stop a person who enters a police

station and states that he wishes to confess to a crime. It does not affect volunteered statements

of guilt by persons not in police custody.

1hief Fustice 4arren3s summary of the procedural safeguards for persons in police custody

where the interrogation is regarded as the commencement already of the trial or adversary

system#

@(pportunity to e2ercise these rights must be afforded to him throughout the interrogation.

Inasmuch as the prosecution in this case failed to prove that before Duero made his alleged oral

confession he was informed of his rights to remain silent and to have counsel and because there

is no proof that he knowingly and intelligently waived those rights, his confession is

inadmissible in evidence.

After discarding Duero3s oral confession, circumstantial evidence against him is not ade5uate for

his conviction. # Ac5uitted.

2>! D*(e% -) /e P-"($e Ae%(+1 O$e%.Ie(!e" !)e !e%&

. =ORALES>=ONCUPA V JUAN PONCE ENRILE, 2 SCRA 538?abeas /orpus E #he 3ight to ailIn A&ril 1D2, ;or%le# %nd #o)e ot"er# ere %rre#ted "ile dri'in( % )otor 'e"iclein L%on(-L%%n St, MC. T"e ere c"%r(ed in C:I

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to "old in &re'enti'e i)&ri#on)ent &endin( in'e#ti(%tion %nd tri%l t"o#e &er#on#"o &lot %(%in#t it %nd co))it %ct# t"%t end%n(er t"e St%te’# 'er e7i#tence. :ort"i# )e%#$re o! #el!-de!en#e to be eecti'e, t"e ri("t to b%il )$#t %l#o be dee)ed#$#&ended it" re#&ect to t"e#e oen#e#. oe'er, t"ere i# % dierence beteen&re'enti'e %nd &$niti'e i)&ri#on)ent. W"ere t"e lin( o! c"%r(e# in co$rt or t"e

tri%l o! #$c" c"%r(e# %lre%d led beco)e# &rotr%cted it"o$t %n 8$#ti%ble re%#on,t"e detention beco)e# &$niti'e in c"%r%cter %nd t"e det%inee re(%in# "i# ri("t to!reedo). M$ite not%ble in t"i# c%#e "oe'er i# t"%t t"e 2nd di'i#ion o! t"e SCreiter%ted t"e L%n#%n( >octrine %# o&&o#ed to "%t t"e r$led in t"e Farcia*Padilla/ase.

VIDUYA, Se0. , 99< T"%t on or %bo$t t"e 26t" d% o! A$($#t, 1D3, in t"e Cit o! ;%nil%, "ili&&ine#, t"e#%id %cc$#ed, it" intent to Hill, did t"en %nd t"ere il!$ll, $nl%!$ll %nd!elonio$#l %tt%cH, %##%$lt %nd $#e &er#on%l 'iolence $&on t"e &er#on o! ATT?. OSE9I>U?A TA9Ao)in(o, "o "%d been % le##ee in t"e #%)e "o$#e!or tent 'e 0254 e%r# %nd "%d Hnon "er le##or to #$er !ro) % "e%rt %il)ent,&re#$)ed t"%t t"e l%tter %# "%'in( % "e%rt %tt%cH. S"e i))edi%tel r%n to%rd#t"e %&%rt)ent o! t"e 'icti)# !%)il dri'er, ;el%nio C%)bel, "ic" %# onl !o$r 04)eter# %%. S"e #"o$ted, R;el%nio, ;el%nio, o$r #ir )i("t "%'e % "e%rt %tt%cH,o$ better (o $t%ir#.R A%Hened b "er c%ll, ;el%nio &roceeded to t"e 'icti)#"o$#e. 0TSN, :ebr$%r 2, 1D1, &&.15-15K4024 ;el%nio C%)bel decl%red t"%t "e %# t"e !%)il dri'er %nd %# rentin( %n%&%rt)ent oned b t"e 'icti) "ic" i# 8$#t % !e )eter# !ro) "i# "o$#e. At %bo$t)idni("t o! A$($#t 26, 1D3, "e %# %ro$#ed !ro) "i# #lee& b t"e #"o$t# o!o)in(o "o %# tellin( "i) to (o $t%ir# %# "i# R#irR )i("t be "%'in(%n %tt%cH. e r%n $t%ir# to t"e "o$#e o! Att. 9id$% %nd %# let in b Ldi%:ir)%ne#, % co$#in o! t"e %cc$#ed. U&on enterin(, C%)bel #% t"e 'icti) cl$tc"in(,it" bot" "%nd#, t"e "%ndle o! t"e re!ri(er%tor loc%ted 8$#t o$t#ide t"e door le%din(to t"e 'icti)# roo), le%nin( t"ereon !or #$&&ort. I))edi%tel #t%ndin( be"ind t"e'icti) %# t"e %cc$#ed, "i# i!e, "oldin( % Hni!e it" bot" "%nd#. A# C%)bel%&&ro%c"ed t"e), #"e #too&ed don #%in( R>io#Ho, >io#Ho, trin( to conce%l t"eHni!e !ro) "i). C%)bel r%n to%rd# t"e 'icti), lendin( "i) #$&&ort #o t"%t t"el%tter o$ld not !%ll. oe'er, t"e 'icti) %# "e%', t"%t e'en it" C%)bel#$&&ortin( "i), "e ne'ert"ele## !ell don. Still "oldin( t"e 'icti), C%)bel in/$ired

!ro) "i) "%t "%&&ened b$t t"e l%tter %# too e%H to #&e%H. Not (ettin( %n

%n#er !ro) t"e 'icti), C%)bel %#Hed t"e %cc$#ed " #"e #t%bbed "er "$#b%nd.Initi%ll, t"e %cc$#ed did not %n#er, b$t $&on bein( /$e#tioned !or t"e #econdti)e, #"e "e#it%ntl )$ttered R;%(n%n%H%, )%(n%n%H%.R Since ot"er &er#on#"%d b t"en %rri'ed, C%)bel re/$e#ted %##i#t%nce to brin( t"e 'icti) to t"e"o#&it%l. T"e 'icti) %# bro$("t to St. $de o#&it%l, >i)%#%l%n(, S%)&%loc, ;%nil%

b$t %# &rono$nced de%d on %rri'%l. 0TSN, >ec. 13, 1D3, &&. 263-26404 :lorentino B%(%llon, %n in'e#ti(%tor o! t"e Cri)e# %(%in#t er#on# Section o! t"e;%nil% olice :orce, We#tern olice >i#trict, decl%red t"%t "e cond$cted %n on-t"e-#&ot oc$l%r in#&ection o! t"e 'icti)# "o$#e %nd !o$nd, in t"e bedroo) o! t"e 'icti)%nd t"e %cc$#ed, % #in(le bed it" % "ite bl%nHet in di#order, #o%Hed in % &ool o!blood. e e7tended t"e #e%rc" to t"e (ro$nd Joor o! t"e "o$#e %nd reco'ered to&iece# o! bl%ded Hni'e# %t t"e e%#t %rd o! t"e 'icti)# re#idence "ic" %# $#ed %#&%rHin( #&%ce !or "e%' tr$cH#. One o! t"e Hni'e# "%d % bended bl%de. On t"e e%#t%ll, "e !o$nd % rect%n($l%r "ole "ic" $#ed to "old %n %ir-conditionin( $nit, %nd %%ll clocH %nd t%ble clocH be#ide t"e rect%n($l%r "ole. e liHei#e noticed #o)e&iece# o! ood &l%ced $nder % &%rHed "e%' tr$cH on t"e e%#t %rd. T"e %cc$#edin!or)ed "i) t"%t t"o#e &iece# o! ood $#ed to co'er t"e rect%n($l%r "ole. T"ere%!ter, "e %d'i#ed t"e %cc$#ed %nd t"e 'icti)# #on, S%l'%dor 9id$%, to (o

it" "i) to t"e &olice "e%d/$%rter# !or % !or)%l in'e#ti(%tion. 0TSN., Oct. 2, 1D3,&&. 1-34B%(%llon te#tied t"%t %t *15 in t"e )ornin( o! A$($#t 26, 1D3, t"e %cc$#ede7ec$ted % #%l%#%. Si(nic%nt &ortion# o! t"e #%id #%l%#% %re /$oted, %# !ollo#*777 777 777K. T-Ano b% #% %l%) nino %nd d%"il%n n( H%n%n( &%(H%)%t%S-Sin%H#%H d%"il #% panloloob n% (in%% #% %)in.777 777 77715. T-N%n( )%rini( nino %n( $n(ol n% n%n((%lin( #% inon( %#%% %t H%o n(%noon % n%(i#in(, %no n%)%n %n( inon( n%Hit%S->%l%%n( l%l%Hi, %n( i#% % n%H%t%o #% t%bi n( H%)% Ho %t )% n%H%t$toH n%&%t%li) #% %Hin( $lo %t #% H%bil%n( H%)% n%)%n % n%Hit% Ho n% )% i#% &% rin(l%l%Hi n% #$)%#%H#%H #% %Hin( %#%%.777 777 77726. #*

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777 777 777!c. B%(%llon %l#o #t%ted t"%t on A$($#t 26, 1D3 %t %bo$t 5*3 in t"e %!ternoon, t"e%cc$#ed %# %(%in in'ited to t"e &olice "e%d/$%rter# !or !$rt"er in'e#ti(%tion. In"er #econd R#%l%#%R e7ec$ted on t"e %!ore#%id d%te %nd ti)e, #"e reiter%ted "ern%rr%tion cont%ined in "er r#t R#%l%#%R e7ec$ted e%rlier t"%t )ornin(. T"i# ti)e,

"oe'er, #"e decl%red t"%t one o! t"e )%le!%ctor# %# % cert%in Edito %teo, t"eir!or)er e)&loee. 0E7"ibit RLR, &. 12, :older o! E7"ibit#4 On A$($#t 3, 1D3 %t 2*23in t"e )ornin(, ;r#. 9ir(ini% 9id$% %(%in e7ec$ted % R#%l%#%R 0E7"ibit R;R, &. 1,:older o! E7"ibit#4. L%ter, %t %bo$t 13*33 oclocH in t"e )ornin( o! t"e #%)e d%te,;r#. 9id$% e7ec$ted "er e7tr%8$dici%l con!e##ion "erein #"e c%te(oric%ll%d)itted %$t"or#"i& o! t"e Hillin( o! "er "$#b%nd. oe'er, #"e cl%i)ed t"%t #"e)erel %cted in #el!-de!en#e. 0E7"ibit# RNR, &. 1K, :older o! E7"ibit#4U&on %rr%i(n)ent, t"e %cc$#ed &le%ded not ($ilt to t"e c"%r(e. T"e 'er#ion o! t"e de!en#e, d$rin( t"e tri%l i# %# !ollo#* T"e %cc$#ed %nd "er "$#b%nd ere %#lee& in #e&%r%te bed# "en #"e %#%%Hened b "er "$#b%nd# )o%n#. S"e #% to )en, one &ointin( % Hni!e %t "erte)&le %nd t"e ot"er #t%bbin( "er "$#b%nd. S"e identied Edito %teo %# t"e )%n"o &oHed % Hni!e %t "er te)&le. %teo %# %bo$t to #t%b "er #o #"e &%rried t"e

Hni!e %nd tried to re#t it %% !ro) "i) %nd in t"e &roce##, t"e bl%de bec%)ebent. S"e r%n %!ter t"e) #"o$tin( R;%(n%n%H%, )%(n%n%H%R b$t t"e "%d%lre%d e#c%&ed. 0E7"ibit RLR, &. 11, :older o! E7"ibit#4 S"e reco(niGed ;el%nioC%)bel, t"eir !%)il dri'er, %# t"e )%n "o #t%bbed "er "$#b%nd 0TSN., ;%rc" 1K,1D1, &. 524. C%)bel e'en t"re%tened %nd #l%&&ed %nd ne%rl c"oHed "er tode%t" %t t"e r#t ni("t o! t"e %He bec%$#e "e co$ld not !orce "er to #lee& 0TSN., $ne 13, 1D2, &&. 2K- 24. S"e %# )i#led %nd decei'ed b !c. B%(%llon into#i(nin( "er e7tr%8$dici%l con!e##ion 0TSN., $ne 13, 1D1, &. 14 #ince "e told "ert"%t #"e ill not be det%ined i! #"e #i(n# t"e doc$)ent. 0TSN., ;%rc" 2K, 1D1, &.K24A!ter d$e tri%l, t"e loer co$rt rendered it# deci#ion %d8$d(in( t"e %cc$#ed ($iltbeond re%#on%ble do$bt o! t"e cri)e o! &%rricide. T"e rele'%nt %nd di#&o#iti'e&ortion o! t"e 8$d()ent %re /$oted %# !ollo#*777 777 777:indin( t"e con!e##ion )%de b t"e %cc$#ed 9ir(ini% ;%t$# 9id$% %d)i##ible ine'idence to(et"er it" t"e con'incin( &roo! o! t"e cor&$# delicti b t"e &ro#ec$tion,t"i# Co$rt "old# t"%t %cc$#ed 9ir(ini% ;%t$# 9id$% i# ($ilt o! t"e cri)e o! %rricide%# dened %nd &en%liGed b t"e

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in!or)ed o! #$c" ri("t, )% be %i'ed. To be '%lid, "oe'er, % %i'er o! t"e ri("t)$#t not onl be 'ol$nt%r+ it )$#t be )%de Hnoin(l %nd intelli(entl, "ic"&re#$&&o#e# %n %%rene## or $nder#t%ndin( o! "%t i# bein( %i'ed. It #t%nd# tore%#on t"%t "ere t"e ri("t "%# not been %de/$%tel e7&l%ined %nd t"ere %re#erio$# do$bt# %# to "et"er t"e &er#on interro(%ted Hne %nd $nder#tood "i#

rele'%nt con#tit$tion%l ri("t# "en "e %n#ered t"e /$e#tion#, it i# idle to t%lH o!%i'er o! ri("t#. T"i# r$lin( "%# been rein!orced %nd )%de cle%rer b t"e ne &ro'i#ion o! t"e Bill o!

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)%ri8$%n% ci(%rette. I))edi%tel t"e &olice te%) clo#ed in %nd n%bbed t"e%&&ell%nt, %# !ri#Hed %nd (ot !ro) t"e ri("t !ront &ocHet o! "er &%nt# t"e to 024,)%rHed 5.33 bill#, %nd !ro) t"e le!t &ocHet o! "er &%nt# t"e )%ri8$%n% Joerin(to r%&&ed in % &iece o! ne#&%&er. U&on bein( in'e#ti(%ted %nd %!ter "%'in(been d$l %&&ri#ed o! "er con#tit$tion%l ri("t#, %&&ell%nt or%ll %d)itted "%'in( #old

t"e !o$r 04 #ticH# o! )%ri8$%n% ci(%rette# %nd t"e oner#"i& o! t"e )%ri8$%n%Joerin( to t%Hen !ro) "er &ocHet, b$t re!$#ed to red$ce "er con!e##ion toritin(.I##$e*W"et"er or not t"ere %# % 'iol%tion o! t"e %cc$#ed con#tit$tion%l ri("t# to bein!or)ed o! "i# ri("t# %nd to %rnin(#.eld* ?e#.W"en t"e Con#tit$tion re/$ire# % &er#on $nder in'e#ti(%tion to be in!or)edP o! "i#ri("t to re)%in #ilent %nd to co$n#el, it )$#t be &re#$)ed to conte)&l%te t"etr%n#)i##ion o! )e%nin(!$l in!or)%tion r%t"er t"%n 8$#t t"e cere)oni%l %nd&er!$nctor recit%tion o! %n %b#tr%ct con#tit$tion%l &rinci&le. A# % r$le, t"ere!or, ito$ld not be #$cient !or % &olice ocer 8$#t to re&e%t to t"e &er#on $nder

in'e#ti(%tion t"e &ro'i#ion# o! Section 23, Article I9 o! t"e Con#tit$tion. e i# notonl d$t-bo$nd to tell t"e &er#on t"e ri("t# to "ic" t"e l%tter i# entitled+ "e )$#t%l#o e7&l%in t"eir eect# in &r%ctic%l ter)#, e.(., "%t t"e &er#on $nderinterro(%tion )% or )% not do, %nd in % l%n($%(e t"e #$b8ect !%irl $nder#t%nd#.0See eo&le '#. eci#ion, &&. 51-52,

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&$r&o#e#. In !%ct, no #e%rc"e# on t"eir &er#on# ere )%de b t"e &olice)en $&ont"eir %&&re"en#ion %t t"e #$#&ected %re%. Tr$e to !or) %nd &r%ctice, "oe'er, on t"eir % to t"e &olice &recinct t"%t e'enin(,t"e &olice)en )%n"%ndled %nd be%t %&&ell%nt# $"%n, #%in( t"%t "er #on %# t"ere to b$ #o)et"in( %t t"e #tore, %nd

t"%t "er #on %# not in'ol'ed in %n ille(%l #%le o! &ro"ibited dr$( or )%ri8$%n%.

W"en t"e old o)%n &le%ded t"%t #"e ride %lon( to %cco)&%n "er #on to t"e&olice "e%d/$%rter#, t"e &olice)en re!$#ed to %cco))od%te "er. S"e %# told to!ollo t"e) to t"e &olice "e%d/$%rter#, in!or)in( "er t"%t "er #on %# onl bein(t%Hen !or 'eric%tion &$r&o#e# 0&&.-5, t#n, No'. 16, 1D2+ &. 25, t#n, ;%rc" 25,1D4. S"e !olloed l%ter %nd ent to t"e &olice #t%tion, %nd #% "er #on >$"%n

bein( in'e#ti(%ted %nd )%de to %d)it &o##e##ion o! )%ri8$%n%. S"e cried bec%$#eit %# not tr$e 0&&. 1-1, t#n, %n. 11, 1D4.Wor#t #till "en t"e &olice)en ere &roce##in( "er #on# &%&er#, one &olice)%n%&&ro%c"ed "er, de)%ndin( 133.33 #o t"%t "er #on co$ld be rele%#ed. S"e co$ldnot r%i#e t"e )one %t t"%t ti)e bec%$#e "er e)&loer %# o$t o! ton 0&&. 1, 15,23, t#n, Id.4. S"e ret$rned t"e !olloin( d% it" t"e )one, b$t #"e co$ld not nd%t. o'e# or !c. B%$ti#t% to "o) #"e o$ld (i'e t"e )one bec%$#e o! "er belie!t"%t t"e ere t"e onl one# "o co$ld rele%#e "er #on 0&&. 23-21, t#n, -d4.I! t"e %&&ell%nt# %nd t"eir rel%ti'e# no lon(er led %n co)&l%int %(%in#t t"e%b$#i'e %nd corr$&t &olice)en it" t"e &ro&er %$t"oritie#, t"e #%)e co$ld be%ttrib$ted to t"eir lol #t%tion# in li!e %nd t"eir !e%r %nd belie! t"%t not"in( o$ldco)e o$t o! #$c" co$r#e o! %ction 0&&. 1D-23, t#n, %n. 11, 1D+ &&. K-, t#n, :eb.1K, 1D+ &&. 6, -D, t#n, :eb. , 1D.4

A!ter % c%re!$l %nd t"oro$("(oin( re'ie o! t"e e'idence, t"i# Co$rt "%# in t$rnco)e to %(ree it" t"e Solicitor =ener%l t"%t in t"i# c%#e t"e &ro#ec$tion "%#indeed !%iled to e#t%bli#" t"e ($ilt o! t"e %&&ell%nt# beond re%#on%ble do$bt, %ndt"e #"o$ld t"ere!ore be %c/$itted.It )% not be %)i## to #tre##, %ddition%ll, t"%t %# bot" t"e de!en#e %nd t"e Solicitor=ener%l "%'e &ointed o$t, it %# error !or t"e Tri%l Co$rt to "%'e %d)itted %nd%&&reci%ted %(%in#t t"e %&&ell%nt# t"e BooHin( %nd In!or)%tion S"eet# &re&%red b% olice In'e#ti(%tor, !c. S. B%$ti#t%, !or e%c" o! t"e %&&ell%nt# %nd re#&ecti'el#i(ned b t"e) 0E7"#. R:R, R = R %nd RR4, cont%inin( t"e !olloin( &%r%(r%&"*Acc$#ed, %!ter bein( in!or)ed o! "i# con#tit$tion%l ri("t TO TOCOUNSEL, re%dil %d)itted "i# ($ilt b$t re!$#ed to (i'e %n ritten #t%te)ent.At t"e tri%l, Rt"e te#ti)on o! :C. S. B%$ti#t% ... %# di#&en#ed it" b t"e Tri%l:i#c%l %!ter "e "%d obt%ined !ro) t"e >e!en#e % #ti&$l%tion to t"e eect t"%t, "%d#%id itne## te#tied, "e o$ld "%'e Identied %nd te#tied on t"e e7i#tence %ndd$e e7ec$tion o! E7"ibit# E, :, = %nd R. 0>eci#ion, &. 53,

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in'e#ti(%tion t"e &ro'i#ion# o! Section 23, Article I9 o! t"e Con#tit$tion. e i# notonl d$t-bo$nd to tell t"e &er#on t"e ri("t# to "ic" t"e l%tter i# entitled+ "e )$#t%l#o e7&l%in t"eir eect# in &r%ctic%l ter)#, e.(., "%t t"e &er#on $nderinterro(%tion )% or )% not do, %nd in % l%n($%(e t"e #$b8ect !%irl $nder#t%nd#.0See eo&le '#.

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#% b%t%# n% ion( (in%%, b%(o Ho i&%(&%t$lo %n( &%(t%t%non( #% io, iH% %)% H%r%&%t%n n% "$%( )%(#%lit% H$n( %% )o %t )% H%r%&%t%n H% rin n%)%(H%roon n( %bo(%do n% ion( ($#to, %t d%&%t )o rin( )%b%tid n% %n$)%n %n(#%bi"in )o dito % )%%%rin( (%)itin n( %on o l%b%n #% io, )%(#%#%l%#% H% &%rin b%R %nd t"%t %# %ll.

6. PEOPL V LASAC, 48 SCRA 63<Br%$lio >i&%#$&il %nd t"e dece%#ed ;%ri% Con#ol%cion =%rci% li'ed to(et"er %#co))on-l% "$#b%nd %nd i!e !or %bo$t #i7 [6 )ont"#. Si7 [6 )ont"# %!ter t"e#e&%r%ted, or on %n$%r 1D, 1D3, Con#ol%cion )%rried %cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt ;i($elL%#%c.On ;%rc" 15, 1D3, Con#ol%cion %# !o$nd de%d %to& % bi( #tone in t"e )iddle o! %creeH %bo$t K3-153 )eter# %% !ro) t"e con8$(%l dellin(. An %$to cond$ctedb >r. Ed(%rdo ern%ndeG, % &ri'%te &r%cti#in( &"#ici%n, di#clo#ed t"%t #"e#$ered #i7teen [16 #t%bbed, inci#ed %nd "%cHed o$nd# in dierent &%rt# o! "erbod. 4

No one itne##ed t"e Hillin(, b$t #$#&icion !en on %cc$#ed %&&ell%nt in 'ie o! %n$)ber o! circ$)#t%nti%l e'idence "ic" ere l%ter te#tied to b t"e &ro#ec$tion

itne##e#, t"$#*:l%'i%no ;%$ro, % 5-e%r-old !%r)er, te#tied t"%t % eeH be!ore t"e incident %tb%r, %cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt told "i) t"%t i! Con#ol%cion did not c"%n(e "er %#,#o)et"in( o$ld "%&&en to "er. 5

ece)ber 11, 1D1. T"e loer co$rt liHei#e ob#er'ed t"%t d$rin( %cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt# te#ti)on, R"ene'er #"oed %n #i(n o! re)or#e, re(ret or e'en #orro !or "i# i!e "%'in( )et"er $nti)el de)i#e. i# de)e%nor in t"e itne## c"%ir ... %# o! % c"%r%cter

26

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e)%n%tin( !ro) % &er#on "o %# #%ti#ed it" "%t "e did %# % )e%#$re or %ct o! re'en(e.R 3We %(ree it" bot" %cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt %nd t"e Solicitor =ener%l t"%t E7"ibit B,%cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt# %d%'it o! %d)i##ion i# in%d)i##ible in e'idence !or "%'in(been obt%ined in 'iol%tion o! Section 23, Article I9 o! t"e 1DK Con#tit$tion, "ic"

&ro'ide#*Sec. 23. No &er#on #"%ll be co)&elled to be % itne## %(%in#t "i)#el!. An &er#on$nder in'e#ti(%tion !or t"e co))i##ion o! in oen#e #"%ll "%'e t"e ri("t to re)%in#ilent %nd to co$n#el %nd to be in!or)ed o! #$c" ri("t. No !orce, 'iolence, t"re%t,inti)id%tion or %n ot"er )e%n# "ic" 'iti%te# t"e !ree ill #"%ll be $#ed %(%in#t"int An con!e##ion obt%ined in 'iol%tion o! t"i# #ection #"%ll be in%d)i##ible ine'idence. T"e %d%'it in /$e#tion cont%ined t"e !olloin(*AIWATI=*I&in%%%l%) Ho #% io [#ic ;r. ;i($el LASAC n% iH% % n%#% il%li) n( &%(-$$#i(t$n(Hol #% i#%n( H%#%l%n%n n% ion( Hin%#%#%n(H$t%n, %t i&in%%%l%) Ho rin #% io n%#% il%li) n( %tin( S%li(%n(-b%t%# % )% H%r%&%t%n H% n% )%(#%%l%n(-Hibo %t)%(H%roon n( #%rili )on( &ilin( )%n%n%n((ol t$n(Hol #% (%(%in(

i)be#ti(%#on( ito %n( l%"%t b%n( ito % n%$$n%%%n )oS O&o. T ;%t%&o# )on( )%l%)%n %n( ion( H%r%&%t%n iH% b% % )%(bibi(% n( ion()%l%%n( #%l%#%S O&o. 4oe'er, t"i# R%d'iceR (i'en to %cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt did not #%ti#! t"e re/$ire)ent#o! Section 23, Article I9 o! t"e 1DK Con#tit$tion. W"ile %cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt %#in!or)ed o! "i# ri("t to re)%in #ilent, "e %# not %ccordin(l in!or)ed t"%t %nt"in("e )i("t #% co$ld %nd o$ld be $#ed %(%inX t "i) in co$rt. Neit"er %# "ein!or)ed t"%t i! "e %# indi(ent, % l%er o$ld be %&&ointed !or "i). :$rt"er)ore,%cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt %# not )%de to $nder#t%nd t"%t i!, %t %n ti)e d$rin( t"einterro(%tion, "e o$ld i#" to "%'e t"e %##i#t%nce o! co$n#el t"e interro(%tiono$ld ce%#e $ntil %n %ttorne i# &re#ent. 5Anot"er !%ctor %ddin( to E7"ibit B# le(%l in#$cienc i# t"%t t"e %i'er b t"e

%cc$#ed-%&&ell%nt o! "i# ri("t to co$n#el %# )%de it"o$t t"e %##i#t%nce o!co$n#el. T"i# !%ct %# %d)itted b S(t.

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We %(ree it" t"e Solicitor =ener%l t"%t %&&ell%nt# e7&l%n%tion# "%'e ind$bit%blc%#t % re%#on%ble do$bt %# to t"e #$cienc o! t"e circ$)#t%nti%l e'idence tocon'ict "i) beond re%#on%ble do$bt o! t"e cri)e o! Hillin( "i# i!e.A# "eld in People vs. #olentino$ =.r$( En!orce)ent SEction o! t"e W>b4;%lcon Ole'ere e7ec$ted % ritten #orn #t%te)ent i)&lic%tin( t"e %cc$#ed %#t"e #o$rce o! t"e )%ri8$%n% le%'e#. T"e %cc$#ed, %lled(edl, 'erb%ll %d)itted !ort"e co))i##ion o! t"e oen#e c"%r(ed

c4 Co$rt o! :ir#t In#t%nce o! ;%nil% no t"e

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T/e F!$% !+ /e C!%e T"e cit &ro#ec$tor o! =ener%l S%nto# Cit c"%r(ed t"e %cc$#ed %t$l%t%, %nd Ale7 Ale)%n it" )$rder be!ore t"e %t$l%t%%nd T$ni%co %t %ro$nd D &.). on $ne 6, 1DD2, >ondon CorteG t"re%tened to re&ort"i# drinHin( co)&%nion#’ ille(%l %cti'itie# to t"e &olice $nle## t"e (%'e "i) )one!or "i# !ort"co)in( )%rri%(e. Accordin( to Ale)%n, >%t$l%t% %nd T$ni%co "%d%lre%d &l%nned to Hill CorteG in T$&i, So$t" Cot%b%to, !or )%Hin( t"e #%)e t"re%t#%nd no t"e decided to do it. T"e (ot CorteG dr$nH t"en led "i) o$t #$&&o#edlto (et t"e )one "e needed. T"e t"ree %cc$#ed bro$("t CorteG to A&o&on( ne%r t"e d$)& #ite %nd, %# t"e ere%lHin(, %cc$#ed Ale)%n t$rned on CorteG %nd #t%bbed "i) on t"e #to)%c".

Acc$#ed >%t$l%t%, on t"e ot"er "%nd, dre o$t "i# #in(le #"ot "o)e)%de ;16&i#tol %nd #"ot CorteG on t"e "e%d, c%$#in( "i) to !%ll. >%t$l%t% "%nded o'er t"e($n to Ale)%n "o red %not"er #"ot on CorteG’# "e%d. Acc$#ed T$ni%co $#ed t"e#%)e ($n to &$)& #o)e b$llet# into CorteG’# bod. T"en t"e co'ered "i) it"rice "$#H#.A!ter t%Hin( don t"e #t%te)ent, T%b$con e7&l%ined t"e #$b#t%nce o! it to %cc$#edAle)%n "o t"en #i(ned it in t"e &re#ence o! Att. Be#in(%.On $ne 15, 1DD2 t"e &olice bro$("t Ale)%n to t"e Cit ro#ec$tor’# Oce "ere"e #ore to "i# #t%te)ent be!ore %n %##i#t%nt cit &ro#ec$tor. In t"e %!ternoon,%cc$#ed >%t$l%t% %nd Ale)%n led T%b$con, t"e cit &ro#ec$tor, %nd % &olicein#&ector, to t"e d$)& #ite "ere t"e le!t t"eir 'icti)’# bod. A!ter #o)e #e%rc",t"e (ro$& !o$nd % #&ot co'ered it" b$rnt rice "$#H# %nd % &%rti%ll b$rnt bod o! %)%n. Abo$t % !oot !ro) t"e bod, t"e !o$nd t"e #"ell# o! % 5.56 c%liber ($n %nd %n

%r)%lite riJe.

On bein( %rr%i(ned, %ll t"ree %cc$#ed, %##i#ted b Att. Be#in(%, &le%ded not ($iltto t"e )$rder c"%r(e. A!ter t"e &ro#ec$tion re#ted it# c%#e, %cc$#ed T$ni%co led %de)$rrer to e'idence "ic" t"e Co$rt (r%nted, re#$ltin( in t"e di#)i##%l o! t"e c%#e%(%in#t "i). On bein( re-%rr%i(ned %t "i# re/$e#t, %cc$#ed >%t$l%t% &le%ded($ilt to t"e le##er oen#e o! o)icide. T"e tri%l co$rt #entenced "i) to

i)&ri#on)ent o! #i7 e%r# %nd one d% %nd to &% 53,333.33 to t"e 'icti)’#!%)il.:or #o)e re%#on, t"e tri%l co$rt "%d Ale)%n #$b8ected to c"i%tric

e7%)in%tion %t t"e >%'%o ;ent%l o#&it%l. B$t, #"ortl %!ter, t"e "o#&it%l #ent ordt"%t Ale)%n "%d e#c%&ed. e %# l%ter rec%&t$red. W"en tri%l in t"e c%#ere#$)ed, Ale)%n’# ne AO l%er r%i#ed t"e de!en#e o! in#%nit. T"i# &ro)&tedt"e co$rt to re/$ire t"e ro'inci%l %il W%rden to i##$e % certic%tion re(%rdin(Ale)%n’# be"%'ior %nd )ent%l condition "ile in 8%il to deter)ine i! "e %# t to#t%nd tri%l. T"e %rden co)&lied, #t%tin( t"%t Ale)%n "%d been ob#er'ed to "%'e(ood )ent%l condition %nd did not co))it %n in!r%ction "ile in 8%il.

Alt"o$(" t"e &ro#ec$tion %nd de!en#e #ti&$l%ted t"%t Att. Be#in(% %##i#ted%cc$#ed Ale)%n d$rin( t"e t%Hin( o! "i# e7tr%8$dici%l con!e##ion, t"e l%tter,"oe'er, rec%nted "%t "e #%id to t"e &olice d$rin( t"e tri%l. e te#tied t"%t#o)eti)e in 1DD2, #o)e &olice ocer# tooH "i) !ro) "i# %$nt’# "o$#e in $roH%len, L%b%n(%l, =ener%l S%nto# Cit, %nd bro$("t "i) to t"e L%(%o &olice #t%tion.e %# t"ere %#Hed to %d)it "%'in( t%Hen &%rt in t"e )$rder o! CorteG. W"en "ere!$#ed, t"e tort$red "i) $ntil "e %(reed to #i(n % doc$)ent %d)ittin( "i# &%rt int"e cri)e.Acc$#ed Ale)%n %l#o te#tied t"%t "e co$ld not re)e)ber "%'in( been %##i#ted bAtt. Be#in(% d$rin( t"e &olice in'e#ti(%tion. e e'en denied e'er Hnoin( t"el%er. Ale)%n !$rt"er denied &rior %##oci%tion it" %cc$#ed T$ni%co %nd>%t$l%t%. e #%id t"%t "e )et t"e) onl %t t"e cit 8%il "ere t"e ere det%ined!or t"e de%t" o! CorteG. On October , 2331 t"e

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t"%t % cert%in re#$lt "%# been e#t%bli#"ed, !or e7%)&le, t"%t % )%n "%# died %nd 0b4t"%t #o)e &er#on i# cri)in%ll re#&on#ible !or it. T"e &ro#ec$tion i# b$rdened to&ro'e corpus delicti beond re%#on%ble do$bt eit"er b direct e'idence or bcirc$)#t%nti%l or &re#$)&ti'e e'idence. T"e de!en#e cl%i)# t"%t t"e &ro#ec$tion !%iled to &ro'e corpus delicti #ince it did not

bot"er to &re#ent % )edic%l certic%te identi!in( t"e re)%in# !o$nd %t t"e d$)ite %nd %n %$to re&ort #"oin( #$c" re)%in# #$#t%ined ($n#"ot %nd #t%bo$nd# t"%t re#$lted in de%t"+ %nd t"e #"ell# o! t"e ($n# $#ed in Hillin( t"e 'icti).B$t corpus delicti need not be &ro'ed b %n %$to re&ort o! t"e de%d 'icti)’#bod or e'en b t"e te#ti)on o! t"e &"#ici%n "o e7%)ined #$c" bod. W"ile#$c" re&ort or te#ti)on i# $#e!$l !or $nder#t%ndin( t"e n%t$re o! t"e in8$rie# t"e'icti) #$ered, t"e %re not indi#&en#%ble &roo! o! #$c" in8$rie# or o! t"e !%ct o!de%t". Nor i# t"e &re#ent%tion o! t"e )$rder e%&on# %l#o indi#&en#%ble #ince t"e&"#ic%l e7i#tence o! #$c" e%&on# i# not %n ele)ent o! t"e cri)e o! )$rder.ere, t"e &olice %$t"oritie# !o$nd t"e re)%in# o! CorteG %t t"e &l%ce &ointed to b%cc$#ed Ale)%n. T"%t &"#ic%l conr)%tion, co)in( %!ter "i# te#ti)on o! t"e(r$e#o)e )$rder, #$cientl e#t%bli#"e# t"e corpus delicti o! t"e cri)e. O!co$r#e, t"%t #t%te)ent )$#t be %d)i##ible in e'idence.2. T"ere i# no re%#on !or it not to be. C-+)e%%(-+ - e !(%%("e *% e! -"*+! !e '(/ /e !%%(%!+$e -) ! $-0ee+ !+(+e0e+e+ $-*+%e" $ e0e%% !+ (+ '((+1. T"e#e re/$ire)ent#ere )et "ere. A l%er, not orHin( it" or %# not be"olden to t"e &olice, Att.Be#in(%, %##i#ted %cc$#ed Ale)%n d$rin( t"e c$#todi%l in'e#ti(%tion. Ocer T%b$con te#tied t"%t "e #% %cc$#ed Ale)%n, be!ore t"e t%Hin( o! "i# #t%te)ent,con'er#in( it" co$n#el %t t"e &olice #t%tion. Att. Be#in(% did not di#&$te t"i#cl%i).Ale)%n %lle(e# tort$re %# t"e re%#on !or t"e e7ec$tion o! t"e con!e##ion. T"e%&&ell%te co$rt i# correct in r$lin( t"%t #$c" %lle(%tion i# b%#ele##. It i# % #ettled r$let"%t "ere t"e de!end%nt did not &re#ent e'idence o! co)&$l#ion, "ere "e did notin#tit$te %n cri)in%l or %d)ini#tr%ti'e %ction %(%in#t "i# #$&&o#ed inti)id%tor#,"ere no &"#ic%l e'idence o!

case 4-4

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Transcript of case 4-4