7/30/2019 Case 1-Cause of Endocrine Disorders

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DISORDERS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM |Tutorial F-4

130110110177|Gabriella Chafrina| 05/09/

WHAT ARE ENDOCRINE DISORDERS?

Endocrine disorders are diseases related to the

endocrine glands of the body

The endocrine system produces hormones. Hormones

are chemical messengers

They travel through bloodstream to tissue/organs

The endocrine system consists of several glands,

including the pituitary gland and hypothalamus in thebrain, adrenal glands in the kidney, and thyroid in the

neck, as well as the pancreas, ovaries and testes

Most common endocrine disorders are related to

improper functioning of the pancreas and the pituitary,

thyroid and adrenal glands

CAUSE OF ENDOCRINE DISORDERS

Endocrine disorders are typically grouped into:

1. Endocrine disease that results when a gland produces

too much or too little of an endocrine hormone, called a

hormone imbalance2. Endocrine disease due to the development of lesions

(such as nodules or tumors) in the endocrine system,

which may or may not affect hormone levels

3. Tumors

4. Tissue receptor damage, ex: DM type 2

ncreased or decreased levels of endocrine hormone may

be caused by:

A problem with the endocrine feedback system

Disease

Failure of gland to stimulate another gland to release

hormones (for example, a problem with thehypothalamus can disrupt hormone production in the

pituitary gland)

A genetic disorder, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia

(MEN) or congenital hypothyroidism

Infection

Injury to an endocrine gland

Tumor of an endocrine gland

TYPES OF ENDOCRINE DISORDERS

1) Adrenal Insufficiency

The adrenal gland releases too little of the hormone

cortisol and sometimes aldosterone. Symptoms includefatigue, stomach onset, dehydration, and skin changes.

Addisons disease is a type of adrenal insufficiency

2) Cushings disease

Overproduction of a pituitary gland hormone leads to an

overactive adrenal gland. A similar condition called

Cushings syndrome may occur in people, particularly

children, who take high doses of corticosteroid

medications

3) Gigantism (acromegaly) and other growth hormone

problems

If the pituitary gland produces too much growth

hormone, a childs bones and body parts may grow

abnormally fast. If growth hormone take high doses

corticosteroid medications

4) HyperthyroidismThe thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormo

leading to weight loss, fast heart rate, sweating, and

nervousness. The most common cause for an overac

thyroid is an autoimmune disorder called Graves

disease

5) Hypothyroidism

The thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid

hormone, leading to fatigue, constipation, dry skin, a

depression. The underactive gland can cause slowed

development in children. Some types of hypothyroid

are present at birth6) Hypopituitarism

The pituitary gland releases little or no hormones. It

be caused by a number of different diseases. Wome

with this condition may stop getting their periods

7) Multiple endocrine neoplasia I and II (MEN I and ME

These rare, genetic conditions are passed down thro

families. They cause tumors of the parathyroid, adre

and thyroid glands, leading to overproduction of

hormones

8) Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)Overproduction of androgens interfere with the

development of eggs and their release from the fem

ovaries. PCOs is a leading cause of infertility

9) Precocious puberty

Abnormally early puberty that occurs when glands te

the body to release sex hormones too soon in life.

10) Environmental or nutritional factors

Such as a lack of iodine in hypothyroidism, this can

affect hormone production

11) Genetic factorsWhich may play a role in endocrine disorders,

especially with diabetes and other disorders, such

autoimmune thyroiditis, or Hashimotos thyroiditis

(autoimmune disease resulting in hypothyroidism)

12) Diabetes Mellitus

This arises when the pancreas does not produce

sufficient insulin or when the body cannot respond

the insulin that is present