List of Carnatic Classical Music (Instrumental recordings) available ...
Carnatic Music
description
Transcript of Carnatic Music
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Carnatic Music
Continued
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3 Functioning Layers
• Melodic Layer
• Drone
• Rhythm
–Associated with particular instruments
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Melodic Layer
• Two Parts:• Principal melodic soloist that dominates the
ensemble– Usually voice. Can be violin, bamboo flute, veena..
• Melodic Accompanist who aids the soloist– Plays with vocalist– Echoes and supports improvisations– Plays solo improvisations
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Veena
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gLA58vT-FI0&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PL91F824B8ECE3D33C
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Drone
• Holds one or two notes throughout a piece• Specialized drone instruments– Tambura: four-stringed plucked instrument tuned
to tonal center and fifth• Purposeful Buzzing timbre
– Sruti (shruti) Box: Played with bellows– Today electronic synthesizer
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Tambura (Tambur)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxPwJ93aWcI
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• Sruti Box
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBwAV8urkvw Shruti Box
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Rhythm/Percussion
• Bedrock of the ensemble• Mridangam: principal percussion instrument
• Ghatam: large clay pot• Kanjira: tambourine• Morsang: jaw’s harp
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Mridangam
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Drummer’s Art
• Improvisatory style• Based on hundreds of memorized rhythm
patterns and drum strokes• Art centers on drum strokes
• Sollukattu – spoken syllables
• Drummer is crucial!
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Concert Song Forms
• Start: Varnam• Continues: String of Kritis• Main Item: Often a Kriti• End: More relaxed atmosphere–Devotional music bhajan • Slokam: chanted religious verses• Songs from bharatanatyam
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Kriti
• Made up of numerous sections• i.e.– Alapana– Tanam– Kriti “Sarasiruha”– Kalpana svaras 1 & 2– Tani avartanam– Kriti (return and close)
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Alapana
• First section of a performance• Free-flowing exposition and exploration of the
raga of the kriti• Voice/instrument and drone background• Nonmetrical (no regular beat/tala)• Has general plan– Slow, low high, fast slow, low
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More on Alapana• Raga is derived from the kriti• Natai Raga – associated with Siva in the
form of Nataraja “The Lord of Dance”–Oscillation on second note of scale in
descent–Musical personality: • The Dance of Shiva shakes the
universe with its power and fury
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Tanam
• Highly-rhythmic exposition of the raga• Improvised patterns and drone on veena • No tala cycles but strong sense of beat• Like Alapana trace from low to high in
graduated steps and back down again.
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Kriti
• The major song form of the concert• May be short or very long• Very flexible structure but compositions
remain recognizable
• Sung or not, the words influence the performance
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Kalpana Svaras
• Improvised section• At the end of or after a kriti• Singer sings names of notes!• Returns to phrase from kriti as home base
(idam)
• First short simple improvisations• Then longer and more complex
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Tani Avartanam
• Improvised and precomposed rhythmic solo• By mridangam• Conclusion of the main item in a concert• Can be 10/15 minutes or more• Displays his skills and imagination
• Ends on korvai – big pattern repeated three times• Leads back into kriti phrase
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Bharatanatyam
• South Indian Classical Dance• Accompanied by Carnatic Music• Dates back to 1000 B.C.
• “Fire Dance”• Celebrating spiritual universe
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Dance
• Very similar to classical music is music for South India’s dance traditions
• Particularly bharata natyam• Nattavangam – chanted rhythmic
syllables (with dance)
• Lyrics often repeated many times
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Aspects of Dance• Karanas: 108 transitional movements• Hastas: Expressive hand gestures• Adavus: Basic rhythmic dance unit (108-150)- Most use around
60 (syllables)• Bhedas – head, neck, eye movements• http://www.ehow.com/video_2382623_basic-bharatanatyam
-dance-hand-gestures.html
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prQOdTmF8u0• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=96AGc1qRWDI&feature=re
lmfu (group)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=waEXlvat5GA Bollywood
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Psychedelic Rock
• Late 1960s – West• Counterculture• Attempts to replicate and enhance mind-
altering experiences• Draws on ragas and drones of Indian music• The Beatles, The Byrds, The Yardbirds, Grateful
Dead
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Fusion
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtzrbbJ6N2g Yehudin Menhuin and Ravi Shankar
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1g2o7nVy-g&feature=related George Harrison and Ravi Shankar
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljnv3KGtcyI&feature=related Within You Without You
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AI9RJbljBLw Rohan Krishnamurthy video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gLA58vT-FI0&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PL91F824B8ECE3D33C Veena Master
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBwAV8urkvw Shruti Box
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxPwJ93aWcI With Tampura