VaccinesCarly Hanson, Jody Starr, Jessica Linn, and

Lisa Harter

Hepatitis BHepatitis B is a serious disease that affects the liver.

It is caused by the hepatitis b virus.

Incubation period ranges from 45 to 160 days.

Hepatitis B is spread through contact with the blood or other

body fluids of an infected person.

About 5 out of 100 people will contract hepatitis b in their

lifetime if not vaccinated.

The first vaccination became available in 1982.

Hepatitis BAcute illnesses include:

Loss of appetite

Tiredness

Diarrhea and vomiting

Jaundice

Muscle and joint and stomach pain

Acute illness is more common in adults. Children do

not usually exhibit acute illness symptoms.

Hepatitis B Vaccine•Chronic infection includes:

•Liver damage (cirrhosis)•Liver cancer •DeathChronic infection is more common among infants and children than adults.

**This picture shows a woman who is suffering liver cancer caused by hepatitis b.

Hepatitis B- Who should get vaccinated?

It is usually a three-dose series.It is recommended for all children 0-18 years of

age. It is recommended for infants beginning at

birth in the hospital. All older children who did not get all the

recommended doses of hepatitis B vaccine as an infant should complete their vaccine series as soon as possible.

Most states require hepatitis B vaccine for school entry.

Hepatitis B cont.Adolescents who are just starting their series

will need two or three doses, depending on their age and the brand of vaccine used.

Adults at increased risk of acquiring HBV infection should also be vaccinated.

In addition, the vaccine can be given to any person who desires protection from hepatitis B.

DiphtheriaDiphtheria causes a thick covering in the back of the

throat.

It can lead to breathing problems, paralysis, heart failure,

and even death.

Through the 1920’s diphtheria killed 13,000 babies and

children in the U.S. each year.

Sickened another 150,000 a year.

Only one case was reported in the U.S. in 1998 to 1999.

Diphtheria•Diphtheria is caused by a bacterium.

•Diphtheria bacteria live in the

mouth, throat, and nose of an

infected person.

•Can be passed to others by

coughing or sneezing.

•Incubation period is short: 2-5 days,

with a range of 1-10 days.

•Early symptoms of diphtheria may

mimic a cold with a sore throat, mild

fever, and chills.

PertussisAlso know as Whooping Cough.

Causes coughing spells so bad it is hard for infants to eat,

drink, or breathe.

The spells can last for weeks.

It can lead to pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, and death.

The first vaccine was in widespread use by the 1940’s.

In the 1940’s it killed 8,000 and sickened 200,000 children a

year.

3 Stages of PertussisCatarrhal stage: can last 1-2 weeks and

includes a runny nose, sneezing, low-grade fever, and a mild cough (all similar symptoms to the common cold).

Paroxysmal stage: usually lasts 1-6 weeks, but can persist for up to 10 weeks.

The characteristic symptom is a burst, or paroxysm, of numerous, rapid coughs. At the end of the paroxysm the patient suffers from a long inhaling effort that is characterized by a high-pitched whoop.

Infants and young children often appear very ill and distressed, and may turn blue and vomit.

3 Stages of Pertussis cont.Convalescent stage: usually lasts 2-6 weeks, but may

last for months.

Cough usually disappears after 2-3 weeks, but

outbursts may recur whenever the patient suffers any

subsequent respiratory infection.

The disease is usually milder in adolescents and adults.

Individuals are still able to transmit the disease to

others, including unimmunized or incompletely

immunized infants.

DTaP -Who should get vaccinated?Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus are

routinely given in combination together, referred to as DTaP.

Children should receive 5 doses before the age of 6.

At 11 or 12 years children should start to get a booster shot every 10 years.

Adults who have never been vaccinated should get vaccinated.

Women who are pregnant or who have recently given birth should be given a one-time dose of DTaP to protect their newborn.

VaccinesThe risks of side affects from the vaccinations

are far less of a danger than the disease itself.

Review QuestionsHow is HBV most commonly contracted?

At what age is it recommended to start getting a booster shot every 10 years for diphtheria?

How many stages of pertussis are there?