Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
-
Upload
daneilla-banks -
Category
Documents
-
view
261 -
download
0
Transcript of Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
1/36
ar ean eop eResponse to
Oppression andGenocide:PRE-COLUMBIAN TIMES TO THE IMMEDIATE POST-EMANCIPATION PERIOD
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
2/36
Focus Points
Defnition o Key Terms
Oppression and Resistance in Pre-columbian times
Oppression and Resistance under Encomienda
Blacs Resistance to !la"ery- T#e $aitian Re"olution
T#e Peasantry
%ndentured &abourers
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
3/36
What is oppression?
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
4/36
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
5/36
Defnition o Key Term
Genocide: t#e deliberate illin' o a lar'e 'roup o people( especia
a particular nation or et#nic 'roup)
Resistance: e*orts made to stop or f'#t a'ainst somet#in' or som
demonstratin' opposition to somet#in')
%nsurrectionary Resistance: an act or instance o "iolent uprisin' a'
ci"il aut#ority or an establis#ed 'o"ernment)
on-insurrectionary Resistance: non-"iolent( usually indi"idual actio
a'ainst oppression)
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
6/36
Defnition o Key Term
Re"olution: a sudden( radical( or complete c#an'e( oten accompan"iolence+ an o"ert#ro. and t#orou'# replacement o an establis#e'o"ernment or political system by t#e people 'o"erned resultin' iper"asi"e c#an'e in society and t#e social structure)
Peasantry: a social class constituted by small armers and tenants(
s#arecroppers( and laborers on t#e land .#ere t#ey orm t#e main in a'riculture)
/arrona'e: a strate'y o resistance in .#ic# indi"iduals and small 'a.ay rom t#e source o oppression)
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
7/36
Oppression and Resistanbeore 149
Durin' t#e pre-Columbian era t#e Kalina'os .ere a source o oppression or tKno.n or t#eir .arlie nature( t#ey .ere dili'ent in creatin' .eapons and ustrate'ies t#at .reaed #a"oc in t#e Tainos li"es)
Kalina'os raided Taino "illa'es and ensla"ed t#eir .omen ol)
T#e Taino resisted .it# bo.s and arro.s( spears and t#e inamous macana1.ooden 2s.ord club3 .#ic# .as eared by t#eir oppressors because o its supotential)
Because t#e Kalina'os .ere more rut#less and silled in .ar( t#ey .ere oteand t#e Tainos resisted by mo"in' out o t#e &esser 4ntilles into t#e lar'er 4nislands)
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
8/36
"I found very many islands lled with people without numbe
all of them I have taken possession for their Highnesses... Aas I arrived in the Indies, on the rst Island which I found, I some of the natives by force in order that they might learn might give me information on whatever there is in these pa
"hey...brought us parrots and balls of cotton and spears an
other things... hey would make ne servants... !ith fty mcould subugate them all and make them do whatever we w
Christoph
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
9/36
Oppression and Resistaunder !ncomienda
%n urt#erin' t#eir imperialist ambitions t#e !panis# establis#ed settt#e indi'enes5 #omeland)
6T#e comin' o t#e Europeans .it# t#eir .eapons o iron and steel atracer do's and #orses( .as an unprecedented e7perience or t#e npeoples3 8/o#ammed 9;= ar'ue t#at t#e term 2'esuitable in describin' t#e !panis# treatment o t#e Taino) T#ey estim6some ?( people .ere belie"ed to li"e in $ispaniola in ;@A9) Bonly
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
10/36
Oppression and Resistanunder !ncomienda
T#e !paniards e*orts to settle t#ese colonies .ere met .it# resistance roTainos and Kalina'os alie)
Becles and !#ep#erd 89@= uote #istorian G)K) &e.is .#o ar'ues t#at and Kalina'o #ad built a ci"ili0ation and a #omeland( .#ic# t#ey .ere prepdeend in a spirit o defant 2patriotism5)
Bot# non-insurrectionary and insurrectionary orms o resistance .ere utili
indi'enes deended t#eir #omelands)
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
11/36
Oppression and Resistanunder !ncomienda
on-insurrectionary orms o Resistance:
reusal to .ormalin'erin'
suicide 8#an'in'( poisonin'=
inanticide
pretence 8deaness( lac o understandin' o oppressors5 instru
marrona'e 8#idin' in ca"es and mountains=
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
12/36
Oppression and Resistanceunder !ncomienda
Becles and !#ep#erd 89@= state t#at t#ere .as constant tension
encomenderos #ad deep ears because t#e Tainos continuously res
ensla"ement
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
13/36
Oppression and Resistance u!ncomienda
T#e frst orm o insurrectionary resistance documented in Caribbe#istorio'rap#y is t#e destruction o ort a"idad ater Columbus5 re!pain in ;@A9)
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
14/36
"bad feeling had arisen and had broken out in warfare bof the licentious conduct of our men towards the Indian for each Spaniard had ve women to minister to his plea
Guillermo Coma
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
15/36
Oppression and Resistanceunder !ncomienda
#en Columbus returned to $ispaniola in ;@A?( #e ound t#at t#e #e #ad let on &a a"idad .ere all dead( illed by t#e %ndians ater in"aded t#e in'dom o /a'uana 'o"erned by t#e earless caciue
T#e rape o t#eir .omen( t#et o t#eir property as .ell as an a.ar
t#e !paniards sou'#t to coloni0e t#eir #omeland .ere t#e main reainFuenced insurrection amon' t#e Tainos)
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
16/36
Oppression and Resistanceunder !ncomienda
/o#ammed 89;
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
17/36
%nsurrectionary orms o Resistance:
destroyin' o crops
poisonin' .ater supplies
burnin' store#ouses
orcin' !paniards to see ood in t#e #interlands and ambus#in'
ormin' alliances .it# t#e Kalina'os and .a'in' .ar a'ainst t#e
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
18/36
Oppression and Resistance u!ncomienda
;@A@ caciue Guacana'ari ou'#t a'ainst Columbus and @ meencroac#ed on t#e interior o $ispaniola)
;
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
19/36
Oppression and Resistance !ncomienda
T#e Kalina'os resisted t#e !panis# and ot#er Europeans t#rou'#:
;) 'uerilla .arare 8a orm o irre'ular .arare in .#ic# a small 'roup
combatants use military tactics includin' ambus#es( sabota'e( rai
and-run tactics( and mobility to f'#t a lar'er and less-mobile trad
military=)
9) bein' #i'#ly mobile and eludin' capture in canoes on numerous oc
?) ormin' alliances .it# one set o Europeans a'ainst ot#ers)
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
20/36
Oppression and Resistanunder !ncomienda
T#e Kalina'os .ere unrelentin' in t#eir resistance a'ainst Europeadomination) %n t#e end Europeans si'ned treaties .it# t#em .#ic# t#eir sur"i"al into contemporary times)
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
21/36
"#ac$s Resistance to %#a&
on-insurrectionary met#ods:
malin'erin'
pretendin' to misunderstand instructions
suicide
inanticide
abortions
marrona'e
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
22/36
"#ac$s Resistance to %#a& .omen capitali0ed on issues associated .it# t#eir emininity- a= e7a'
emale complaints b= prolon'in' t#e period o 'estation( sometimes
breasteed babies or as lon' as t.o years)
#ucsterin'
amputated t#eir bodies
syncretic reli'ious practices use o 4rican .ords8 baan( poto-poto
mimicin' European masters t#rou'# son' and dance
marrona'e
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
23/36
"#ac$s Resistance to %#a&
%nsurrectionary /et#ods:
destruction o property 8maimin' o animals( dama'e to mac#ine
o felds=
murder 8illin' o"erseers=
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
24/36
"#ac$s Resistance to %#a& Re"olts Rebellions
/aroon ars
;>?; C#ristmas!am !#arpe Rebellion
Berbice Re"olt
Bussa Re"olt
Bus# e'ro Iprisin'
Tacy Rebellion
Guadeloupe Blo.-Ip
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
25/36
"#ac$s Resistance to %#a&
e. ensla"ed blacs .ere able to purc#ase t#eir reedom )
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
26/36
The Hiti!
Reolutio!
#$%#-#&'(
Th ' iti R # ti
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
27/36
The 'aitian Re&o#ution(1)91*1+,4-
T#e most successul sla"e re"o
#istoryJ
Th ' iti R # ti
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
28/36
The 'aitian Re&o#ution(1)91*1+,4-
$aiti 8!aint Dominue= .as t#e .orlds leadin' su'ar producer) Kno6Pearl o t#e %ndies3 t#e renc# colony #ad o"er > su'ar plantat
made more proft t#an all ;? 4merican colonies combined)
T#e .#ites .#ic# totaled LM o t#e population o.ned t#e means o
production and amassed #u'e profts rom su'ar .#ile t#e ensla"e.#ic# ormed AM .ere e7ploited under a brutal system o sla"ery
Th ' iti R # ti
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
29/36
The 'aitian Re&o#ution(1)91*1+,4-
#en t#e renc# Re"olution be'an( .#ite settlers on $aiti called oindependence)
Bouman Dutty( a blac ensla"ed $aitian called on #is ello. ensla#a"e t#eir o.n re"olutionJ
%n ;NA;( about ;( sla"es rose in re"olt) T#ey burned su'arcaand illed planters) T#e uprisin' ormed t#e impetus or ;? years oin .#ic# bot# sides su*ered massacres)
Th ' iti R # ti
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
30/36
The 'aitian Re&o#ution(1)91*1+,4-
Toussaint &5Ou"erture( a reed( educated blac .anted to end sla"e'ain independence or $aiti)
$e rallied t#e ensla"ed peoples to re"olt in ;NA; 1 led armies a'ainrenc#( !panis# and Britis#)
By ;>;( #e too control o t#e territory( reed t#e ensla"ed and crconstitution)
%n ;>9 Toussaint .as captured and renc# domination and sla"eryreinstated in $aiti)
The 'aitian Re&o#ution
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
31/36
The 'aitian Re&o#ution(1)91*1+,4-
$In overthrowing me, you have done no more than cut downtrunk of the tree of the black liberty in %t. &omingue ' it wilback from the roots, for they are numerous and deep.#
Toussaint ./Ou&erture
The 'aitian Re&o#ution
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
32/36
The 'aitian Re&o#ution(1)91*1+,4-
T#e taste o reedom t#at Toussaint #ad 'i"en t#e blacs caused t#continue to f'#t t#e renc#)
&ed by General Dessalines( t#e $aitian army ou'#t a brutal .ar arenc# army)
$aiti became t#e frst and only blac colony to ree itsel rom Eurodomination)
On anuary ;( ;>@ ean acues Dessalines proclaimed $aitian
independence)
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
33/36
The Peasantry as Resista
T#e de"elopment o a peasant class in t#e Caribbean is lined to t#abolition o sla"ery) %n act peasantry in t#e re'ion dates bac to ;>
T#e peasantry e7isted in opposition to and in competition .it# t#e despite t#eir interdependence)
$istorically peasants in t#e Caribbean e7isted on t#e cre"ices o soany area .#ere t#e main economic acti"ities o t#e Europeans did control)
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
34/36
The Peasantry as Resista
4ccordin' to /ars#all( Caribbean peasantries incorporated non-a'r
acti"ities suc# as fs#in'( s#op eepin'( and casual estate .or)
Caribbean peasantries #a"e al.ays in"ol"ed t#e production o 'oo
subsistence and or sale in local and international marets)
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
35/36
The Peasantry as Resista
En#anced money and time mana'ement sills) En'endered sel-relplannin' and political a.areness amon' e7-sla"es) /aintainin' soceconomic stability in rural and non-plantation areas "ia attempts to'eneratin' communities( "illa'es( c#urc#es( sc#ools)
4dded to t#e establis#ment o t#e local cooperati"es mo"ement anBans
4dded to t#e e7port and trade o Caribbean countries "ia t#e di"ero a'ricultural produce)
Resistance by 0ndenture
-
7/25/2019 Caribbean Peoples Response to Oppression and Genocide
36/36
Resistance by 0ndenture.abourers
%ndentured labourers resisted by:
protestin'
runnin' a.ay
reusin' to .or
establis#in' small businesses