Cardiovascular System Pathology Medical Terminology Chapter 5.
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Transcript of Cardiovascular System Pathology Medical Terminology Chapter 5.
Atherosclerosis athero = fatty
plaque sclerosis =
abnormal hardening
Hardening & narrowing of arteries due to a buildup of cholesterol plaque
Myocardial infarction (MI) Heart attack Closing off of a
coronary artery resulting in an infarct of the affected myocardium
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries that may cause angina, myocardial infarction & sudden death
End-stage CAD: final phase with severe angina & severely limited lifestyle
Congestive heart failure (CHF) Heart is unable to
pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs; leads to fluid accumulation in legs, lungs
Forms of Carditis Endocarditis: inflammation of the
inner layer of the heart Bacterial endocarditis: inflammation
of the lining or valves of heart caused by bacteria
Myocarditis: inflammation of the myocardium
Pericarditis: inflammation of the pericardium
Fibrillation
Rapid, random, & ineffective heart contractions Atrial fibrillation (A-fib): atria faster
than ventricles Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib): fatal
unless reversed by electric defibrillation
Raynaud’s phenomenon Intermittent
attacks of pallor, cyanosis, & redness of fingers & toes secondary to arterial contraction & caused by cold or emotion
Thrombus & Embolus Thrombus: blood
clot attached to wall of a vein or artery
Embolus: foreign object, such as blood clot or tissue, that is circulating in blood stream
Hemochromatosis(iron overload disease)
Hem/o = blood Chromat/o = color -osis = abnormal condition
Genetic disorder in which intestines absorb too much iron
Cholesterol
Lipids that travel in the blood stream as lipoproteins Low density lipoprotein (LDL): bad
cholesterol; excess contribute to plaque buildup
HDL: good cholesterol
Erythrocytosis
erythr/o = red cyt/o = cell -osis = abnormal condition
Abnormal increase in number of RBCs
Leukemia
leuk/o = white -emia = blood condition
Malignancy with progressive increase of abnormal leukocytes
Aplastic anemia
Absence of all formed blood elements due to failure of blood cell production in bone marrow
Hemolytic anemia
hem/o = blood -lytic = to destroy
Blood cells destroyed faster than bone marrow can replace them
Megaloblastic anemia
Bone marrow produces large abnormal RBCs with a reduced ability to transport oxygen; usually from a vitamin deficiency