CARDIAC CARDIAC EMERGENCIESEMERGENCIES

Anatomy of the HeartAnatomy of the Heart

Muscular organ (fist size)Muscular organ (fist size) Functions like a pumpFunctions like a pump Protected by the ribs, sternum, Protected by the ribs, sternum,

and spineand spine 4 chambers, right and left halves4 chambers, right and left halves Supplied with blood by the Supplied with blood by the

coronary arteriescoronary arteries

Functions of the HeartFunctions of the Heart

Right atrium (receives ORight atrium (receives O22 poor blood poor blood from veins)from veins)

Right ventricle (pumps ORight ventricle (pumps O2 2 poor blood poor blood to the lungs)to the lungs)

Left atrium (receives OLeft atrium (receives O22 rich blood) rich blood) Left ventricle (pumps OLeft ventricle (pumps O22 rich blood to rich blood to

the body)the body)

HEART ATTACKHEART ATTACK Coronary arteries fail to supply the Coronary arteries fail to supply the

heart muscle with Oheart muscle with O22 rich blood rich blood Muscle tissue starts to die (too much Muscle tissue starts to die (too much

= heart stops pumping blood)= heart stops pumping blood) Interrupts heart’s electrical system, Interrupts heart’s electrical system,

causes irregular heartbeatcauses irregular heartbeat

Causes of Heart AttackCauses of Heart Attack

Cardiovascular DiseaseCardiovascular Disease

(heart and blood vessels)(heart and blood vessels)

70 million Americans have it70 million Americans have it

1 million deaths 1 million deaths Coronary Artery DiseaseCoronary Artery Disease

Preventing Cardiovascular Preventing Cardiovascular DiseaseDisease

Early tendencies….junk food and Early tendencies….junk food and smokingsmoking

Risk FactorsRisk Factors Gender….males higherGender….males higher Family history of heart diseaseFamily history of heart disease Smoking*Smoking* Diets high in saturated fats*Diets high in saturated fats* Obesity*Obesity* High blood pressure*High blood pressure* Lack of exercise*Lack of exercise*

Cardiovascular DiseaseCardiovascular Disease Cholesterol causes atherosclerosisCholesterol causes atherosclerosis

S/S of Heart AttackS/S of Heart Attack

Persistent chest pain or Persistent chest pain or discomfortdiscomfort

Difficulty breathingDifficulty breathing Changes in pulse rateChanges in pulse rate Skin appearanceSkin appearance

Care for Heart AttackCare for Heart Attack Summon EMSSummon EMS Convince victim to stop activity and restConvince victim to stop activity and rest Help victim rest comfortablyHelp victim rest comfortably SAMPLE HistorySAMPLE History Comfort the victimComfort the victim Monitor VitalsMonitor Vitals Be prepared for CPRBe prepared for CPR

CARDIAC ARRESTCARDIAC ARREST

Heart stops beating or beats too Heart stops beating or beats too weakly to circulate bloodweakly to circulate blood

Breathing stops—clinical deathBreathing stops—clinical death Organs no longer receiving OOrgans no longer receiving O22 rich rich

bloodblood 300,000 deaths prior to reaching 300,000 deaths prior to reaching

hospitalhospital

Causes of Cardiac ArrestCauses of Cardiac Arrest

*Cardiovascular disease**Cardiovascular disease* DrowningDrowning SuffocationSuffocation Certain drugsCertain drugs Severe injuries to the chestSevere injuries to the chest Severe blood lossSevere blood loss ElectrocutionElectrocution StrokeStroke

StrokeStroke

STROKESTROKE

A A stroke is an interruption of the blood is an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain. A stroke supply to any part of the brain. A stroke is sometimes called a "brain attack."is sometimes called a "brain attack."

Alternative NamesAlternative Names Cerebrovascular disease; CVA; Cerebral Cerebrovascular disease; CVA; Cerebral

infarction; Cerebral hemorrhage infarction; Cerebral hemorrhage 

Hypertrophic Hypertrophic CardiomyopathyCardiomyopathy

HCM is the leading cause of sudden HCM is the leading cause of sudden death in young people death in young people

(1 in 500 people)(1 in 500 people)

Excessive thickening of heart muscleExcessive thickening of heart muscle

Anthony Bates Foundation

Signs of Cardiac ArrestSigns of Cardiac Arrest

NO PULSENO PULSE NO BREATHINGNO BREATHING

Care for Cardiac ArrestCare for Cardiac Arrest

Call 911Call 911

CPR and AED until ACLS CPR and AED until ACLS equipment arrivesequipment arrives

Using an AEDUsing an AED

1.1. Confirm cardiac arrest (ABC’s)Confirm cardiac arrest (ABC’s)

2.2. Do CPR until AED is readyDo CPR until AED is ready

3.3. Open the lid of the AEDOpen the lid of the AED

4.4. Attach the electrode pads to the chestAttach the electrode pads to the chest1.1. Dry and shave chest if necessaryDry and shave chest if necessary

5.5. Let the AED analyze the rhythmLet the AED analyze the rhythm

6.6. Deliver a shock, if indicatedDeliver a shock, if indicated

Precautions….DO NOT:Precautions….DO NOT: use alcohol pads to clean the chestuse alcohol pads to clean the chest touch victim while analyzing and defibrillatingtouch victim while analyzing and defibrillating use in a moving vehicle, water, or on sheet use in a moving vehicle, water, or on sheet

metalmetal use within 10 feet of cell phonesuse within 10 feet of cell phones use on children under the age of 8use on children under the age of 8 use on someone wearing a nitroglycerine use on someone wearing a nitroglycerine

patchpatch use near flammable materialsuse near flammable materials

Adult CPRAdult CPR Hand positionHand position Body positionBody position Compression depth….1.5-2 inchesCompression depth….1.5-2 inches Compression rate….30 Compression rate….30

compressions in 20 secondscompressions in 20 seconds Cycle…30 compressions: 2 breathsCycle…30 compressions: 2 breaths

ADULT CPRADULT CPR1.1. Check LOCCheck LOC2.2. Call 911Call 9113.3. Open airway, check for breathingOpen airway, check for breathing4.4. Give 2 slow breathsGive 2 slow breaths5.5. Check for circulation and severe bleedingCheck for circulation and severe bleeding6.6. Begin CPR by giving 30 compressionsBegin CPR by giving 30 compressions7.7. Then give 2 slow breathsThen give 2 slow breaths8.8. Repeat cycles of 30 compressions and 2 Repeat cycles of 30 compressions and 2

breathsbreaths9.9. After 1 minute, re-check the pulse for 5 After 1 minute, re-check the pulse for 5

secondsseconds

Child CPRChild CPR

Hand position-1 handHand position-1 hand Body positionBody position Compression depth…1-1.5 inchesCompression depth…1-1.5 inches Compression rate…5 Compression rate…5

compressions in 3 secondscompressions in 3 seconds Cycle…30 compressions: 2 breathCycle…30 compressions: 2 breath

CHILD CPRCHILD CPR1.1. Check LOCCheck LOC

2.2. Call 911Call 911

3.3. Open airway and check for breathingOpen airway and check for breathing

4.4. Give 2 slow breathsGive 2 slow breaths

5.5. Check for circulation and severe bleedingCheck for circulation and severe bleeding

6.6. Begin CPR by giving 30 compressionsBegin CPR by giving 30 compressions

7.7. Then give 2 breathsThen give 2 breaths

8.8. Repeat cycles of 30 compressions and 2 Repeat cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breathsbreaths

9.9. After 1 minute, recheck pulse for 5 After 1 minute, recheck pulse for 5 secondsseconds

INFANT CPRINFANT CPR

Hand position-nipple line, 2 fingersHand position-nipple line, 2 fingers Body positionBody position Compression depth…1/2 to 1 inchCompression depth…1/2 to 1 inch Compression rate…5 Compression rate…5

compressions in about 3 secondscompressions in about 3 seconds Cycle…5 compressions: 1 breathCycle…5 compressions: 1 breath

INFANT CPRINFANT CPR1.1. Check LOCCheck LOC

2.2. Call 911Call 911

3.3. Open airway and check for breathingOpen airway and check for breathing

4.4. Give 2 slow breathsGive 2 slow breaths

5.5. Check for circulation and severe bleedingCheck for circulation and severe bleeding

6.6. Begin CPR by giving 5 compressionsBegin CPR by giving 5 compressions

7.7. Then give 1 breathThen give 1 breath

8.8. Repeat cycles of 5 compressions and 1 Repeat cycles of 5 compressions and 1 breathbreath

9.9. After 1 minute, recheck pulse for 5 After 1 minute, recheck pulse for 5 secondsseconds

When to stop CPRWhen to stop CPR A person with higher training takes overA person with higher training takes over EMS takes overEMS takes over Person’s heart starts beatingPerson’s heart starts beating The scene becomes unsafeThe scene becomes unsafe An AED is being usedAn AED is being used If you are presented with a DNR orderIf you are presented with a DNR order If you are too exhausted to continueIf you are too exhausted to continue