Carbon: The Building Block of Organic Compounds 9/17/2015.

Carbon: The Building Block of Organic Compounds

04/19/23

All life as we know it is made up of organic compounds.

Today’s Lesson

• What does that word mean- “organic”???

• What does that word mean- “compound”???

Atoms are the smallest unit that make up the chemical elements. Things that we can see and feel around us are made up of atoms.

Atoms can get lonely…

• A molecule is created when two or more atoms meet and chemically bond together.– Examples: H2 (hydrogen), O2 (oxygen), O3 (ozone)

• A molecule can be called a compound if it has at least 2 different kinds of atoms that meet and chemically bond together.– Examples: H2O (water), CO2 (carbon dioxide)

Single Atom

Water MoleculeCompound

Glucose/Sugar MoleculeCompound

Organic compounds always have carbon plus a few other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, and

nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur.

Remember CHON-P’s

CCarbonarbonHHydrogenydrogenOOxygenxygenNNitrogenitrogen--PPhosphoroushosphorous‘‘SSulfurulfur

There are organic compounds that make up you!- your hair, your skin, even your

fingernails…

CO2

H2O

C6H12O6

-All are formulas

-All are compounds

-All contain elements

-All contain atoms

Are any of these compounds organic? If so, how do you know?

It must have carbon and at least one of the following elements:

~ Hydrogen - H~ Oxygen - O~ Phosphorous - P~ Sulfur - S~ Nitrogen - N

There are exceptions – example: Carbon Dioxide contains carbon and oxygen, but is not considered to be organic.

Using the list of formulas projected, create a T-Chart labeled Organic and Inorganic. Highlight or circle the element(s) that make it organic

Why is carbon such a special element?

Virtually every part of our bodies is made with

large amounts of

this element.

Why is carbon such a special element?

• Each carbon atom can form strong, stable bonds with four other atoms at a time – these are usually oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus atoms.

• Carbon can also bond to other carbon atoms to form chains that are almost unlimited in length.

• This creates a huge number and varietyof molecules that can be built fromcarbon atoms. No other element evencomes close!

This can be difficult to imagine at first, but it may help to think about building with

LEGOS.

Think of red LEGOS to represent atoms of carbon. You can think of carbon as a bunch of red LEGOS attached together to form one long

chain.

• Now, you can stick yellow, blue and green LEGOS across the tops of the red (carbon) LEGOS.

• These other colors represent other elements like oxygen, nitrogen or hydrogen.

• As you stick more and more of these yellow, blue and green LEGOS to the red chain, it would start to look like a skeleton of LEGOS with a "spine" of red LEGOS and "bones" of yellow, blue and green LEGOS.

• This is a lot like the way that big molecules are made in the body. Without carbon, these big molecules could not be built.

• Virtually every part of your body is made up of these large molecules that are based around chains of carbon atoms.

Organic Building Blocks

Hydrocarbons are the simplest of the organic compounds. As the name suggests, hydrocarbons are made from hydrogen and carbon.

EXAMPLES:

CH4


•The name, carbohydrates, is a good one because it indicates carbon and water (hydrogen and oxygen).

•Remember, dehydrated means loss of water, and to be hydrated means to add water.


•Lipids (oils and fats) are another class of organic compounds built from oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. It's amazing what these three elements can build!


Amino acids are the building block for proteins.

Proteins are made by connecting amino acids together.


A few amino acids are built by carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.

Mammals need about 20 amino acids to make the proteins they need. Only 2 of these are amino acids containing sulfur.


We will end our organic building blocks with the ultimate of building block- DNA.

We need just one more element to build it: phosphorus.

Organic Building Blocks Review• Hydrocarbons= hydrogen + carbon

• Carbohydrates and Lipids = hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen

• Amino Acids and Proteins = hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen

• Some Amino Acids and Proteins = hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur

• Nucleic Acids = hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus

Remember CHON-P’s


Quick Question…

• What are the atoms that make up organic compounds?

5/13/2010 TISD Lesson

Remember CHON-P’s


Carbon: The Building Block of Organic Compounds 9/17/2015.

Documents

Transcript of Carbon: The Building Block of Organic Compounds 9/17/2015.