CARBON-GRAPHITE PRODUCTS - TOYO TANSO FRANCE · Carbon has been a part of our life since ancient...

CARBON-GRAPHITE PRODUCTS

02

People and carbonAn everlasting relationship.

Carbon has been a part of our life since ancient times. The benefits of carbon have never been far away from humans, making our lives more plentiful and comfortable. In 1974, we were the first company in Japan to successfully develop isotropic graphite, and thereafter rapidly expanding its possibilities. Isotropic graphite become a crucial material of state-of-the-art technologies in industries such as semi-conductors and aerospace. Currently, this material is being used in a wide range of applications over an ever-increasing number of fields. Toyo Tanso is dedicated to unlocking the unlimited potential of carbon and aims to ensure that the beneficial relationship between people and carbon is one that lasts forever.

03 No information in this catalog may be used or reproduced without the prior consent of Toyo Tanso.

Special Graphite 04

C/C composite 14

PERMA-FOIL™ Graphite Sheet 22

Carbon Products for Mechanical applications 30

Carbon Brush 40

Surface Improvement Products/ New Developed Products/Technical Services 54

Lineup of Ohwada Carbon Industry Products 69


Special Graphite

(1)

(1) Singlecrystalsiliconmanufacturingequipment

(2) Criticalplasmatestingequipment(JT-60)*PhotographsprovidedbytheJapanAtomic

EnergyAgency

(2)


SpecialG

raphite

Features of Special Graphite ProductsThedemandfromtheindustryovertheyearshasbeenforcarbonwithincreasinglytighterandstableproperties.Inthiscontext,ToyoTansowasthepioneerinourindustryindeveloping“isotropicgraphite.”Thisisagraphitematerialwithmicroparticlesandan isotropicstructureandpropertieswhichcreated throughCold Isostaticpressing (CIP).Our isotropicgraphiteproductsareusedacrossawidefieldof industries.These include: thesemi-conductor industry,where innovation is rapidlyadvancing; theenvironmentallyfriendlyrenewableenergyindustry;themoldindustry,whereaccuracyissuchapriority;andtheatomicpowerindustry,wherehigh reliability isessential.Ourexcellence is recognizedbyourcustomers,withwhomwegrow together.Thesynergisticeffectbetweenourexclusivehighpuritytechnologyandvariouscoatingtechnologieswillensurethatinthefuturetoo,weuseourpositionasaleadingcompanytocontinuetounlocktheunlimitedpotentialofcarbon.

■■ Isotropic GraphiteConventional graphite was anisotropic, which limited its use inmanyapplications.However, isotropicgraphiteinthesamecrosssection direction has no difference in its properties, making amaterialthatiseasytodesignanduse.

■■ High ReliabilityIsotropicgraphiteisstrongerthanconventionalgraphiteduetoitsmicro particle structure.This produces a highly reliable materialwithasmallcharacteristicvariation.

■■ Ultra Heat ResistanceInan inertatmosphere,stableuse ispossibleeven inextremelyhigh temperatures of 2,000°C or more. The material has lowthermalexpansionandahighcoefficientof thermalconductivity,giving it excellent thermal shock resistanceandheatdistributionproperties, with low thermal deformation. It also has a specialcharacteristicwhereby itsstrength increasesas theatmospherictemperaturegetshigherupuntil2,500°C.

■■ Excellent Electrical ConductivityThe high and excellent heat resistance mean graphite is theoptimum material for applications such as high temperatureheaters.

■■ Excellent Chemical ResistanceWiththeexceptionofsomestrongoxidizers,itischemicallystable.Graphitecanbeusedstablyeveninenvironmentsthatcausesomemetalstocorrode.

■■ Lightweight and Easy to MachineThe bulk density is low as compared with metallic materials-enabling a lightweight design. In addition, it has excellentmechanical machining properties-facilitating accurate shapingprocesses.

■■ IsotropicGraphiteandAnisotropicGraphite

IsotropicHighDensityGraphite 100 µm

AnisotropicGraphite 100 µm

Isotropichighdensitygraphiteisdifferentfromconventionalgraphiteinthatitisisotropicandhasamicroparticlestructure,creating a very strong and highly reliable material with asmallvariation.This isotropicgraphitematerial resolves theproblemsassociatewithconventionalanisotropicgraphite.

0 5 10 15 20

BulkDensity[Mg/m3]

Graphite

Silicon

Aluminum

Steel

Copper

Tungsten

06No information in this catalog may be used or reproduced without the prior consent of Toyo Tanso.

SpecialG

raphite

Manufacturing Process

Coke/CoaltarPitch

RawMaterial

Pulverizing&Mixing

Kneading

Pulverizing&Sieving

IsostaticPressing

PitchImpregnation

Graphitizing

Baking

RoughMachining

MaterialShipment FinishMachining

Shipment Inspection

ChemicalProcessing

Purification

HalogenGas

Inspection

Scrubber

ExhaustGas


SpecialG

raphite

ApplicationToyoTanso’sspecialgraphiteproductsarehighlyregardedfortheirexcellentperformanceandreliabilityandareusedacrossawiderangeoffieldsthatareessentialinoureverydaylives.Intheenvironmentalandenergyindustry,ourproductsareusedforsolarcellmanufacturing,atomicpowerandaerospaceapplications.Intheelectronicsindustry,weprovidematerialsforvariousmanufacturingprocesssuchaspolycrystallinesiliconandsinglecrystalsilicon,whiteLEDs,andhigh-frequencydevice.Basicapplicationsofourproductsincludeindustrialfurnaces,continuouscastingdiessuchasthoseforcopperalloys,opticalfibers,andEDMelectrodesformoldmanufacture.

■■ Environment and Energy

■● SolarCellandWaferManufacturing■● AtomicPower:HighTemperatureGasCooledReactor,NuclearFusion■● FluorineElectrolysis■● FuelCells■● Aerospace

■■ Electronics

■● SiliconSemi-conductorManufacturingApplicationsPolycrystallinesiliconmanufactureSinglecrystalsiliconmanufacturingequipmentSusceptorsforepitaxialgrowthPlasmaCVDelectrodesIonimplantationHermeticsealingjigs

Sideheater CorecomponentforHighTemperatureGas-cooledReactor*PhotographsprovidedbytheJapan

AtomicEnergyAgency

NuclearFusionReactorPlasmaFirstWall*PhotographsprovidedbytheJapan

AtomicEnergyAgency

Electrodeforfluorinegasgeneration

Singlecrystalsiliconmanufacturingequipment

Crucible

ReflectorHeater

SealingJigs


SpecialG

raphite

■■ Electronics

■● CompoundSemi-conductorManufacturingApplicationsCrystalManufacturingEquipmentPartsMOCVDSusceptors

■● LCDPanelManufacturingApplicationsHeaterPanelsElectrodeforplasmaEtching

■● HardDiskManufacturingApplicationsSputteringTargets

■■ Metallurgical

■● ContinuousCastingDiesMandrels

■● HotPressDiesPunchSleevesSpacers

■● IndustrialFurnaceHeatersTrays

■● VacuumEvaporationCrucibles

■● GasAnalysisCrucibles

■● OpticalFiberManufacturingApplicationsHeatersMuffleTube

■● EDMElectrodes

MOCVDsusceptor

Pancakesusceptor

HotPressMold(CutModel)

ContinuousCastingDies

Heater

VacuumEvaporationCrucibles

EDMElectrodes


SpecialG

raphite

Property Data■■ TypicalProperties

GradeBulk

DensityHardness

ElectricalResistivity

FlexuralStrength

CompressiveStrength

TensileStrength

Young'sModulus

CoefficientofThermalExpansion

ThermalConductivity

StandardSize

Mg/m3 HSD μΩ·m MPa MPa MPa GPa 10-6/K W/(m·K) (mm)

IG-11 1.77 51 11.0 39 78 25 9.8 4.5 120 305x620x1000ø585x1050

IG-12 1.78 55 12.5 39 88 28 10.8 4.7 100 305x620x1000ø585x1050

IG-15 1.90 60 9.5 54 103 29 11.8 4.8 140 230x620x1000

IG-19 1.75 60 17.0 38 88 25 9.5 4.6 80 ø400x900305x620x1000

IG-43 1.82 55 9.2 54 90 37 10.8 4.8 140 300x540x850

IG-45 1.88 55 9.0 60 110 40 12.0 4.9 140 300x540x850

IG-56 1.77 57 12.2 43 88 27 10.3 4.7 100 1050x1050x450ø740x730

IG-70 1.83 58 10.0 47 103 31 11.8 4.6 130 305x620x1000ø460x1050

ISEM-1 1.68 45 13.5 36 69 20 8.8 4.2 90 305x620x1000

ISEM-2 1.78 55 11.0 41 83 25 9.8 4.6 120 305x620x1000

ISEM-3 1.85 60 10.0 49 103 29 11.8 5.0 130 305x620x1000

ISEM-8 1.78 63 13.4 52 106 34 10.1 5.6 90 305x620x1050

ISO-63 1.78 76 15.0 65 135 46 12.0 5.6 70 230x540x1000

ISO-66 1.82 75 14.4 70 134 46 12.6 7.1 80 180x450x850

ISO-68 1.82 80 15.5 76 172 54 13.2 5.6 70 230x540x1000

TTK-50 1.80 70 13.0 60 130 40 11.5 5.1 100 230x540x1000

TTK-4 1.78 72 14.0 73 135 49 10.9 5.0 90 210x510x950

TTK-5 1.78 80 15.5 80 150 53 11.6 5.7 80 210x510x950

TTK-8 1.77 78 15.0 80 155 55 12.0 5.3 80 100x400x700

TTK-9 1.77 90 18.0 92 180 67 13.0 5.8 70 100x400x700

SIC-6 1.85 60 10.0 49 103 29 11.8 5.0 130 305x620x1000

SIC-12 1.77 65 14.1 47 93 29 10.8 5.0 80 305x620x1000

HPG-51 1.78 73 14.3 75 140 50 11.0 5.1 90 210x510x950

HPG-53 1.78 81 15.7 80 156 55 11.8 5.8 80 210x510x950

HPG-59 1.91 88 13.5 100 210 74 12.7 5.7 95 100x500x950

HPG-81 1.77 80 15.1 83 161 58 12.2 5.2 80 100x400x700

HPG-83 1.77 92 18.2 96 187 70 13.3 5.9 70 100x400x700

*Thefiguresabovearetypicalvalues,andarenotguaranteed.*Themeasurementtemperaturerangeforthecoefficientofthermalexpansionis350to450°C.*Unitconversion:μΩ·m=μΩ·cm×0.01MPa=kgf/cm2×0.098GPa=kgf/mm2×0.0098W/(m·K)=kcal/h·m·°C×1.16*Thereareotherproductsizesinadditiontothosedescribedabove.ContactToyoTansofordetails.

■■ ImpurityAnalysisExample Unit: mass ppm

ElementContent

MeasurementMethod

ElementContent

MeasurementMethodUltraHigh

PurityGraphiteHighPurityGraphite

RegularGraphite

UltraHighPurityGraphite

HighPurityGraphite

RegularGraphite

Li <0.001 <0.001 <0.03 ICP-MS V <0.001 0.018 40 ICP-MS

B 0.10 0.15 3 ICP-MS Cr <0.004 0.006 <0.3 ICP-MS

Na <0.002 <0.002 <0.5 ICP-MS Mn <0.001 <0.001 <0.2 ICP-MS

Mg <0.001 0.004 0.2 ICP-MS Fe <0.02 0.06 26 ICP-MS

Al <0.001 0.012 14 ICP-MS Co <0.001 <0.001 <0.3 ICP-MS

Si <0.1 <0.1 2 UV Ni <0.001 0.006 4 ICP-MS

K <0.03 0.04 2 FL-AAS Cu <0.002 <0.002 <1 ICP-MS

Ca <0.01 0.08 6 FL-AAS Zn <0.002 <0.002 <0.6 ICP-MS

Ti <0.001 <0.001 33 ICP-MS Pb <0.001 <0.001 <1 ICP-MS

*Thefiguresaboveareexamplesofactualmeasurement,andarenotguaranteed.*ICP-MS:InductivelyCoupledPlasmaMassSpectrometer,FL-AAS:FlamelessAtomicAbsorptionSpectrometer,UV:AbsorptionSpectrophotometer.*Theimpuritycontentofregulargraphiteisapproximately400massppm;however,ahigherpurityisrequiredforapplicationssuchassemi-conductingindustries.AtToyo

Tanso,wecanuseahightemperaturehalogentreatmenttopurifythegraphitetothemassppmlevelsrequestedbyourcustomers.


SpecialG

raphite

■■ Chemical Properties■■ InitialReactionTemperaturesWithVariousSubstances*Extractedfromotherpublications

ReacantInitialReactionTemperature

CompoundofReaction

Aluminum 800°C Al4C3

Boron 1600°C B4C

Iron 600to800°C Fe3C

Sodium 400to450°C C64Na Intercalationcompound(whenO2ispresent)

Cobalt 218°C CoC,Co3C

Molybdenum 700°C Mo2C

Nickel 1310°C NiCarbonizinginNi

Silicon 1150°C SiC

Copper —

Magnesium —

Lead —

Tin —

Tungsten 1400°C W2C,WC(inhydrogen)

Potassium 300°C C8K Otherintercalationcompounds

Lithium 500°C Li2C2

Beryllium 900°C Be2C(inavacuumorHe)

Boronoxide 1200°C CO,B

Vanadiumoxide(V) 438°C CO,V

Ironoxide(III) 485°C CO,Fe

Titaniumoxide(IV) 930°C CO,Ti,TiC

Silicondioxide 1250°C CO,Si,SiC

Alumina 1280°C CO,Al,Al4C3

Berylliumoxide 960°C CO,Be,Be2C

Magnesiumoxide 1350°C CO,Mg

Zirconiumoxide(IV) 1300°C CO,Zr,ZrC

■■ VaporPressure*Extractedfromotherpublications

1000

107

105

103

101

10-1

10-3

10-5

10-71500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

Temperature[°C]

Vap

orP

ress

ure

[Pa]

1atm=1.01×105Pa

Graphite is an extremely stable material in temperatures under2,200°C. However, the vapor pressure increases in highertemperatures and high vacuums, so caution must be exercisedwithregardtotheacceleratedwearingofgraphite.

■■ ThermalDesorptionSpectrum(TDS)

0 500 1000 1500

10-1

10-2

10-3

10-4

10-5

10-6

10-7

IG-11

IG-110

IG-110U

Temperature[°C]

Tota

lPre

ssur

e[P

a/g]

WarmingSpeed:1K/sTestPieceDimensions:10×10×1(mm)

MeasurementExample

Graphiteemitsabsorbedgaswheninhightemperatures.Someapplicationssuchassemi-conducting industriesmustusehighlypurifiedorultrahighlypurifiedgraphite,whichemitslessgas.

■■ ReactivityWithVariousAtmosphere/Gasspecies*Extractedfromotherpublications

Atmosphere/Gaseousspecies

InitialReactionTemperatures/ReactionTemperatures

GenesisphenomenonorProducedCompound

Remarks

Air 420to460°C Oxidation/CO,CO2 Approx.100°Chigherincaseofhighpuritygraphite

Oxygen(O2) 420to460°C Oxidation/CO,CO2 Reactwithatomicoxygenatnormaltemperature

Steam(H2O) Approx.650°C Oxidation/CO,CO2,H2

Carbondioxide(CO2) Approx.900°C Oxidation/CO

Hydrogen(H2) Approx.700°C Methanation/CH4 ProduceC2H2,C2H4,C2H6orsoatmorehightemperature

Nitrogen(N2)Inertatmorethanroom

temperatureSublimation

ProduceCyanogenC2N2duringdischargeandin2700°ChighpressureN2atmosphere

Chlorine(Cl2)Inertatmorethanroom

temperatureSublimation Produceintercalationcompoundinalowertemperaturethan0°C

Fluorine(F2) 420to1900°C Fluorination/CF ProduceCF4,C2F6orsouptotemperature

Argon(Ar) Inertatanytemperature Sublimation

Vacuum — SublimationInthehighertemperatureandvacuumatmosphere,theeasiersublimate

Inanoxidizingatmosphere,graphitereactswithoxygenatarelativelylowtemperature.However,inanon-oxidizingatmosphere,graphiteischemicallyandthermallyandextremelystablematerial,enablingabroadrangeofapplications.


SpecialG

raphite

Property Data■■ High Temperature Properties

■■ ElectricalResistivity

0 500 1000 1500

20

15

10

5

02000

IG-19

IG-56

IG-11

Temperature[°C]

Ele

ctric

alR

esis

tivity

[μΩ

·m]

MeasurementExample

Since thermal characteristics differ from grade to grade, thecoefficientofelectrical resistivitymustbecarefully studiedwhenselectingagradeforaheatingelement.

■■ Strengths(IG-11)

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Temperature[°C]

Str

engt

h[M

Pa]

MeasurementExample

CompressiveStrength

FlexuralStrength

TensileStrength

An unparalleled characteristic of graphite, which makes itindispensable in high temperature applications, is that as thetemperature rises (up to 2,500°C), the strength also increases.Strength reaches levels approximately double those at roomtemperature.

■■ LinearThermalExpansion

0 500 1000

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

ISO-66

ISO-68

IG-11

Temperature[°C]

Line

arT

herm

alE

xpan

sion

[%]

MeasurementExample

■■ ThermalConductivity

0 500 1000 1500

140

120

100

80

60

40

IG-15, IG-43

IG-11

IG-12

Temperature[°C]

Coe

ffici

ento

fThe

rmal

Con

duct

ivity

[W/(

m·K

)]

Usinglaserflashmeasurement.

MeasurementExample

0 10 20 30CoefficientofThermalExpansion[10-6/K]

Lead

Aluminum

Copper

Stainless

Iron

Glass

Graphite

Comparedwithgeneralmetals,thecoefficientofthermalexpansionfor graphite is extremely low. As a result, when used in hightemperatureapplications,thedimensionalaccuracyisverystable.

Reference:Coefficientof(10-6/K)ThermalExpansion

=LinearThermalExpansion(%)×10-2

TemperatureDifference(°C)

0 100 200 300 400ThermalConductivity[W/(m·K)]

Copper

Aluminum

Graphite

Iron

Lead

Stainless

The thermal conductivity of graphite is fairly high, while thecoefficientofthermalexpansionisverylow.Thesecharacteristicscontributetoitssuperiorthermalshockresistance.Therelationshipbetweenthermalconductivityandelectricalresistivityofgraphiteinroomtemperatureisindicatedbelow.

ThermalConductivity[W/(m·K)] =0.13×104

ElectricalResistivity(μΩ·m)


SpecialG

raphite

■■ SpecificHeat

0 500 1000 1500

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

Temperature[°C]

Spe

cific

Hea

t[J/

(g·K

)]

MeasurementExample

Due to theanisotropicnatureof its crystals, thespecificheatofgraphiteatroomtemperaturestaysat1/3ofthatofgeneralsolids.The specific heat value is essential in various thermodynamicfunctions.At high temperatures, specific heat values are similarregardlessofthegraphitegrades.

■■ CoefficientofThermalDiffusivity

0 500 1000 1500

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

Temperature[°C]

Coe

ffici

ento

fThe

rmal

Diff

usiv

ity

[m2 /

s·10

-4]

MeasurementExample

Thischartshowsthatthehigherthetemperaturerises,thefastertheheatistransmitted.Thethermaldiffusivityofgraphiteissuperiortoothermaterials.

Reference:CoefficientofThermalDiffusivity =

ThermalConductivity

SpecificHeat×Density

■■ Emissivity

0 500 1000 1500 2000

100

90

80

70

60

IG-610U

Temperature[°C]

Em

issi

vity

[%]

MeasurementExample

■■ Physical Properties■■ StressStrainCurve(IG-12)

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2

40

20

0

-20

-40

-60

-80

-100

Strain[%]

Str

ess

[MP

a]

MeasurementExample Tension

Compression

Graphitegenerallyshowselastic-plasticdeformation.Thefracturebehavior is different under tension and under compression, socautionmustbeexercised.

■■ PoreDistributionCurve

0.01 0.05 0.1 0.5 1 5

100

50

01.8

ISO-63

IG-11

80

PoreRadius[μm]

Cum

ulat

ive

Por

eV

olum

e[m

m3 /

g] MeasurementExample

Thisshowstheporedistributionthroughthemercurypenetrationmethod.The pore distribution has a close relationship with gaspermeabilityandotheruniquepropertiesofgraphite.Thehalfwaypositionofthecumulativeporevolumeindicatestheaverageporeradius.

Example:ForIG-11 80/2=40mm3/g1.8μm


SpecialG

raphite

Machining

■■ Surface Roughness StandardsSincecarbonproductsareporous,itisdifficulttoobtainasurfacefinishthatisequivalenttometal.Thetableontherightshowsthecorrespondenceof the “Surface Finish Symbol” and surfaceroughnessstandards,Ry&Ra&Rz.

■■ SurfaceRoughnessStandards

FinishSymbol(Forreference)

MachiningSurfaceRoughnessforCarbon Finishing

Method

MachiningSurfaceRoughnessforMetal

Ry Ra Rz Ry Ra Rz

Ry3 0.75 Rz3HoningLapping

Ry0.8 0.2 Rz0.8

Ry12 3.0 Rz12Grinder,

LatheMillerRy6.3 1.6 Rz6.3

Ry35 8.75 Rz35 LatheMiller Ry25 6.3 Rz25

Ry100 25 Rz100 LatheMiller Ry100 25 Rz100

Noparticularstandard SawMachine Noparticularstandard

*3.0meansthatRa3.0micromiteristhemaximum.

■■ Machining Dimension ToleranceIfthetoleranceisnotspecifiedonthecustomerdrawing,applythe intermediategradeofJISB0405.

■■ DimensionToleranceStandards Unit: mm

NominalDimensionCategory Tolerance

0.5ormore 6orless ±0.1

Exceeding6 30orless ±0.2





*TheaboveinformationcanbeappliedwhengraphiteismachinedbyToyoTansoinJapan.

Toyo Tanso has a wide range of carbon and graphite grades available to meet your requirements. Before actually using one of our products, please be sure to contact our sales department to consult on selecting the most appropriate grade.


C/C composite

Image:providedbyJAXA

IllustratedbyAkihiroIkeshita


C/C

composite

Features of C/C Composite ProductsC/Ccomposite(CarbonFiberReinforcedCarbonComposite)isacarbon-carboncompositematerialreinforcedbyhighstrengthcarbonfiber,whichhassuperiorpropertiessuchaslightweight,highmechanicalstrength,andhighelasticity.Becauseoftheiruniquefeatures,ourC/Ccomposites(CXseries)areusedinawiderangeoffieldssuchaselectronics,environmentandenergy,generalindustrialfurnaces,andautomobilesandothermeansoftransport.

C/Ccomposite(×1000) Artificialgraphite(×200)

■■ High mechanical strength, high elasticity, and high toughness

C/C composites have higher strength, higher elasticity, and resistance to cracking and chipping, compared to isotropic graphite materials. C/C composites can be used with assurance, as the fractures do not propagate rapidly in them.

CX-761

IG-56

0.5

200

100

Strain(%)

Str

engt

h(M

Pa)

■■ Ultra heat resistanceC/C composites have higher strength at high temperatures compared to metallic materials. They can be used even at ultra-high temperatures of 2000°C or higher in inert atmospheres.

500 1000

600

300

Temperature(°C)

Str

engt

h(M

Pa) SUS310

CX-761

■■ Light-weight and easy to handleC/C composites have low density compared to metallic materials, and therefore, make light weight designing possible.

10

5

Den

sity

(M

g/m

3 )

C/C

Steel

■■ High thermal conductivityA thermal conductivity higher than copper has been achieved (in CX-2002) through the use of carbon structure control technology, which involves our superior chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) treatment.

400

200

The

rmal

con

duct

ivity

(W

/(m

·K))

SteelIG-56

Copper CX-2002


C/C

composite


CFrawmaterial

Forming

Resin

FWforming Hotpressing Hotrolling

Baking

Graphitizing

Impregnation

MaterialShipmentInspection

FinishMachining

Surfaceimprovement

InspectionShipment

Scrubber

ExhaustGasHalogenGas

Purification


C/C

composite

Application

■■ Electronics

■● For production of single crystal silicon

■■ Environment and Energy

■● For production of silicon for solar cells

■● For nuclear energy plants

*Photographsprovidedbythe JapanAtomicEnergyAgency

■■ Automobiles, other means of transport, etc

■● For sliding components

Crucibles Heatshields

Rectangularcrucibles CarriertrayforPECVD

Armortiles

Clutch


C/C

composite

■■ General industrial furnaces

■● For heat treatment furnaces

HeattreatmentfurnaceBasetray(Grid)

Multi-layertrayBasket

Meshtray WavytrayInternaldrivingpartsoffurnaces

Nutsandbolts

Spring

Heaters

Protectivecoverforthermalinsulation

Rods Die

■● Forhotpressfurnaces


C/C

composite

Property Data■■ Typical properties

Shape Material

BulkDensity

(Mg/m3)


(μΩ·m)

FlexuralStrength(MPa)

Flexuralmodulus

(GPa)

Tensilestrenght(MPa)

CoefficientofThermalExpansionRTto1273K(10-6/K)

ThermalConductivity

(W/(m·k))C/Ctype Description

— — — — — (^) (//) (^) (//)

2DC/C

Flatplate

CX-741 1.51 23 140 46 185 8.1 <1 6 35Mediumstrength(MoldingmethodA)

CX-761 1.58 20 185 55 250 8.4 <1 9 44Highstrength(MoldingmethodA)

CX-742 1.48 24 130 42 170 7.8 <1 5 34Mediumstrength(MoldingmethodB)

CX-762 1.58 21 170 50 185 8.2 <1 8 42Highstrength(MoldingmethodB)

CX-31 1.61 22 90 23 98 4.1 <1 12 52 Nutandboltcomponents

C/C-2011) 1.50 30 147 47 127 8.2 <1 5 20Mediumstrength,nutandboltcomponents

ProfilesCX-743 1.48 24 130 — — 7.8 <1 5 34 Profiles

CX-763 1.58 21 170 — — 8.2 <1 8 42 Profileswithhighstrength

CylindersCX-45 1.44 24 105 34 114 8 <1 4 34 Mediumstrengthcylinder

CX-47 1.52 23 140 45 154 8 <1 6 35 Highstrengthcylinder

Crucibles CX-510V 1.57 13 195 — 290 7 <1 7 -

FWC/C

FWcrucibles

CylindersC/C-FW1) 150 12 245 — 245 — <1 5 30 FWhotpressmolds

CX-55 1.60 11 195 — 290 7.4 <1 7 - FWcylinders

Tiles CX-2002U2) 1.652.7,3.4,5.1

(X,Y,Z)47,43,17(X,Y,Z)

—35,30,11(X,Y,Z)

5.3(Z)1.7,2.3(X,Y)

190(Z)

390,320

(X,Y)feltC/C

Useinnuclearenergyplants

Isotropicgraphite(IG-56)

1.77 12 43 10 27 4.7 104

*Thefiguresabovearetypicalvalues,andarenotguaranteed.1)ManufacturedbyOhwadaCarbonIndustrialCo.,Ltd.;2)ThedirectionoflaminationofthefeltisdesignatedastheZ-axisandthedirectionswithintheplaneasX-andY-axes.

■■ Available sizesGrade Dimensions(mm) Grade Dimensions(mm)

CX-741,CX-761 2000*1500*0.8-30 CX-743,CX-763 h-profile107*44*1.5*1000

CX-742,CX-762 3000*1500*0.8-30CX-510V

Max.innerdiameterø1168(46"cruciblesavailable)CX-31 Max.850*4003.2-90t

C/C-201 1020*970*1-12970*720*1-12 C/C-FW Max.ø950*800h,20-150t

CX-45,CX-47 Innerdiameterø300-1400,1400L CX-55 Innerdiameterø10-1400,1400L

CX-743,CX-763 U-profile80*20-145*1.2*1000 CX-2002U 40*150*150(X*Y*Z)

*Pleasecontactusforothersizes.

■■ An example of impurity analysis of CX-510V (A high purity treated product) Unit: mass ppm

Element Na Mg Al K Ca Ti V Cr Fe Ni Cu

Content <0.05 <0.02 <0.08 <0.1 <0.04 <0.09 <0.07 <0.07 <0.04 <0.1 <0.08

Methodofmeasurement

AAS ICP-AES ICP-AES AAS ICP-AES ICP-AES AAS ICP-AES ICP-AES ICP-AES ICP-AES

*Thefiguresaboveareexamplesofmeasuredvaluesandarenotguaranteed.*ICP-AES:Inductivelycoupledplasmaatomicemissionspectroscopy,AAS:Atomicabsorptionspectrometry*CX-510Visahighpuritymaterial

■■ Different surface improvementsAdvantageouspropertiesareimpartedbyusingToyoTanso’sproprietarysurfaceimprovementtechnologies.

■■ DetailsofsurfaceimprovementsandtheireffectsGlassycarboncoatedGLASTIXKOTE™(GP1treatment)

Impregnation/coatingwithglassycarbon;itpreventsdustformation.

Pyrolyticgraphiteimpregnation(CVItreatment)

Impregnation/coatingwithpyrolyticcarbon;itimprovesresistanceagainstSiOgas.

Inorganiccompound-impregnation(R1treatment)

Impregnationwithinorganicmatter;itimprovesoxidationresistance.

SiC/Ccomposites(TStreatment)

AtreatmenttoconvertthesurfaceintoSiC;itimprovesoxidationresistanceandpreventsdustformation.

*AbbreviationforChemicalVaporInfiltration

(1)

(1) (1)50

(2)(2) (2)

U-andh-profiles’dimensions

Thickness Length

5

Oxidationloss(%)

Untreated GP1treatment

CVItreatment

R1treatmentTStreatment

60

30

ReactivitywithSiOgas(%)

Untreated

GP1treatment

CVItreatment


C/C

composite

■■ Flexuralstrength

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

300

200

100

0

Temperature(°C)

Fle

xura

lstr

engt

h(M

Pa)

Isotropicgraphite1)

CX-31

CX-761

■■ Tensilestrength

0 500 1000 1500 2000

400

300

200

100

0

Temperature(°C)

Tens

iles

tren

gth

(MP

a)

Isotropicgraphite1)

CX-31

CX-761

■■ Strengthofscrewthread

M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M18 M20

20

15

10

5

0

Screwsize

Load

(kN

)

Isotropicgraphite2)

CX-31

C/C-201

CX-31V

■■ Electricalresistivity

0 500 1000 1500 2000

300

200

100

0

Temperature(°C)

Ele

ctric

alr

esis

tivity

(μ

Ω·m

)

Isotropicgraphite1)

CX-31CX-761

■■ Linearthermalexpansioncoefficient

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

-0.1

Temperature(°C)

The

rmal

exp

ansi

onc

oeffi

cien

t(%

)

Isotropicgraphite1)

CX-31

CX-761

■■ Specificheat

0 500 1000 1500 2000

2.5

2

1.5

1

0.5

0

Temperature(°C)

Spe

cific

hea

t(J/

(g·k

))

CX-761

CX-31Isotropicgraphite1)

■■ Thermalconductivity(^)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Temperature(°C)

Coe

ffici

ento

fthe

rmal

co

nduc

tivity

(W

/(m

·k))

Isotropicgraphite1)

CX-31

CX-761

■■ Thermalconductivity(//)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Temperature(°C)

Coe

ffici

ento

fthe

rmal

co

nduc

tivity

(W

/(m

·k))

Isotropicgraphite1)

CX-31CX-761

1)Ourproduct:Large-sizedisotropicgraphitematerial,IG-562)Ourproduct:Highstrengthisotropicgraphitematerial,ISO68


C/C

composite

Examples of Designing C/C Composite ProductsWe select suitable materials and design products according to customer’s use conditions and requirements.

■■ Hot press mold■■ Features1. Thedevicecanbemadesmaller,andthecostofinstallingthefacilityreduced.2. Large-sizedsinteredbodiescanbemade,whichimprovesproductivity.3. Heatcapacityisless,whichcanreduceenergycosts.

■■ Designing<Designexample>Moldingpressure:30MPa;Jobdiameter:200mm;Height:250mm

5

4

63

2

1

Press

Parts Material1 C/Cdie C/C-FW2 Outersleevewithslit IG-703 Two-pieceinnersleeve OP-4800N4 C/Cspacer C/C-2015 Upperpunch ISO-686 Receivercradle IG-70

C/CcompsiteGraphiteSinteredbody

[Examplesofproducts]

Tensilestrength Dieouterdiameter Dieweight

C/C-FWdie 245MPa ø340 23kg

Carbondie 31MPa ø520 83kg

ThetensilestrengthoftheC/Ccompositeishigherthanofordinarycarbon,whichpermitsasmalldieouterdiametertobeused.Thisenablesthedesigningofcompactequipment.Manufacturer:OhwadaCarbonIndustrialCo.,Ltd.

■■ Heat treatment tray■■ Features1. Lightweight:

Thedensityisonefifthofsteelanditiseasytohandle.Weightcomparisonexample:A900x600x40traymadeofsteelweighsabout85kg,whereasonemadeofC/Ccompositewouldweighaboutonetenthasmuch,i.e.,8.5kg.(Inthiscalculation,thethicknessofthesteeltraywaskeptattwicethatoftheC/Ctray,takingthehightemperaturestrengthintoaccount.)

2. Highmechanicalstrength:About10timesthatofsteelat1000°C

3. Ultraheatresistant:Thestrengthisnotreduced,andthereisnodeformation,evenat2000°Cinnon-oxidizingatmospheres.

4. Energysavingandenvironment-friendly:Theelectricityneedsforheatingthetrayisaboutaquarterofwhatisneededforthesteeltray.

5. Maintenance-free:Norepairsareneededasthereisnodeformation.

*Thedetailsmaydifferdependingonthedesignanduseconditions.

■■ Designing [Examples of products]

Load capacity (Kgf) Size (mm)

≤500 900 x 600 x 40≤750 900 x 600 x 45

≤1000 900 x 600 x 50


PERMA-FOIL™

Graphite Sheet

(1)

(1)PERMA-FOIL™RollProducts

(2)PERMA-FOIL™PunchingProcessedProductSamples

(3)PERMA-FOIL™PunchingProcessedProductSamples

(3)

(2)


PE

RM

A-F

OIL

™

Features of PERMA-FOIL™

PERMA-FOIL™ isageneric term for theflexiblegraphitesheet thatToyoTansodeveloped throughouroriginalmanufacturingtechnology. It isasheetgraphiteproduct that is formedusingselectacid treatednaturalgraphite,which is thencompressedafterundergoinghightemperatureexpansion.Onlynaturalgraphiteisusedasarawmaterial,whichyieldshighlyflexiblecarbonwith excellent heat resistance and chemical resistance. Other features include a high compressibility recovery rate, excellentairtightness,andahighthermalconductivity.

■■ Excellent Self-LubricationPERMA-FOIL™ has self-lubricating properties due to its layeredcrystalstructure,makingitappropriateforuseinhigh-temperatureatmospheresandinfieldswherefluidsandlubricantsareavoided.Inparticular, itscoefficientof friction inanunlubricatedconditionislowcomparedwithothermaterials,makingadhesiondifficulttooccur.

■■ Stable in the wide range of temperatureSincePERMA-FOIL™isproduceonlyfromnaturalgraphitewithoutusingabinder,itisstableinthewiderangeoftemperature(-200°Cto3200°Cinertatmosphere)enablingittobeused.

■■ Flexibility, Compressibility recovery properties

This graphite sheet has flexibility and high recovery fromcompressive stress, which previously unobtainable with existinggraphiteproducts.Goodmatchingwithcountermaterialsmake itidealforuseasasealingmaterial.

■■ Excellent Chemical ResistancePERMA-FOIL™hasexcellentchemicalresistance(acid,base)andischemicallystable.

■■ Excellent Thermal and Electrical ConductivityThermalandelectricalconductivityareexcellentparalleltosurface,andPERMA-FOIL™isoptimumasaheatreleasematerialandasaheattransfermaterial.*PatentNumber3691836(JP)

■■ Excellent PurityHigh purity products that have undergone high temperaturetreatment with halogen gas have a very high purity. Since ithas extremely high purity, it is optimum for components insemiconductor,IT,ornuclearenergyindustryapplication.*PatentNumber2620606(JP)

Graphitecrystalstructure

a0 = 0.2461 nmy

x

z

0.1421 nm

c0 =

0.6

708

nm

0 10 20

BulkDensity[Mg/m3]

PERMA-FOIL™

Silicon

Glass

Aluminum

Steel

Copper

Silver

Gold

Tungsten

Itisextremelylightwhencomparedwithothermetals.

0 1000 2000 3000

Meltingpoint[°C]

PERMA-FOIL™

Silicon

Glass

Aluminum

Steel

Copper

Silver

Gold

Tungsten

(Sublimation)

Ithasexcellentheatresistance.


PE

RM

A-F

OIL

™

Manufacturing ProcessAcidTreatedGraphite

(Acidtreatedgraphiteisnaturalgraphitethathasundergoneacidtreatment)

ExpandedGraphite

Preforming

ExpansionTreatment

Rolling

Winding

BulkRoll

Inspection

Throughheattreatment,acidtreatedgraphitebecomesexpandedgraphite.

ExpandedGraphite 500 µm


PE

RM

A-F

OIL

™

Grade and ApplicationPERMA-FOIL™hasexcellentsealingproperties,durability,andmachinability.Ourhighpurityproductshavegone throughouruniquepurificationprocessandareoptimumascomponentsinthenuclearenergyindustry,asspacersandpackingusedinthesemiconductorindustry,asradiatorplatesusedintheelectronicsindustry,andasothersuchcomponents.Gradesarearrangedforallkindsofapplicationsincluding:automotivegaskets,generalindustrialpacking,partsforsemiconductorequipment,corrosionresistantseals,ITindustryapplications,andawiderangeofotherapplications.Weproducethisproductinawidearrayofsizesandshapesincludingrolls,cutsheetsandcustomshapesmadetocustomerspecification.

Grade Characteristics Application FormsofSupplies

PFGraphiteSheet

Standardproducts

AutomotivegasketsGeneral industrialpacking

Rollproducts

Cutproducts

PF-R2Thermalstablepropertyimproved

versionofstandardproducts

PF-HP Lowashcontentproducts

PF-G3Corrosionresistanceandthermal

stablepropertyimprovedversionofR2Products

HeatresistantgasketPacking

PF-UHP,UHPU,UHPL HighPurityproducts

Partsforhighpurityfurnaceforsemiconductorandnuclear

applications.Heatconductingmaterial

Heatspreader.

PF-ABondedproducts

(Thickness≥1.5mm)Heatinsulationmaterial

Generalindustrialpacking

PF-SUS,AL SUS,ALFoilLaminatedproductsAutomotivegaskets

Generalindustrialpacking

GatherSheetS Gathersheetswithadhesivetape Flangegasket

PFPowder4,8F PulverizedgraphitesheetGeneralindustrialpacking

BatterypartsPowder

*Foravailabledimensions,pleasecontactoursalesdepartment.


PE

RM

A-F

OIL

™

Property Data■■ Typicalproperties

Item UnitGrade

PF PF-R2 PF-HP PF-G3 PF-UHPL PF-UHP,UHPU

OperationTemperature °C -200to3200

Thickness mm 0.2to1.0 0.2to1.5 0.05to1.0 0.2to1.0 0.38 0.1to1.5

BulkDensity Mg/m3 0.5to1.1 0.5to1.1 0.5to2.0 0.5to1.1 1.0 1.0,0.9

OxidationLoss mass% 40 25 40 3 5 5

InitialOxidationTemperature °C 440 730 630 850 820 820

TensileStrength MPa 4.9 5.2 4.9 5.1 6.3 6.3

SulfurContent massppm 1000 1000 1000 1000 <1 <1

ChlorineContent massppm <10 <10 <10 <10 <3 <3

CompressionRate % 47

RecoveryRate % 15

StressReleaseRate % 1.0

AshContent mass% 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.5<20

massppm<10

massppm

pH - 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 7.0 7.0

GasPermeability(Nitrogen,0.1MPaDifferential

Pressure)m2/s 1.3x10-10


Paralleltosurface

1/K5x10-6

Perpendiculartosurface

2x10-4

ThermalConductivity

(25°C)

Paralleltosurface

W/(m·K)200


5


(25°C)

Paralleltosurface

μΩ·m7


1,000

Flamability - EquivalenttoUL94V-0

*Thefiguresabovearetypicalvalues,andarenotguaranteed.*Propertydatawiththedensityof1.0Mg/m3.*Oxidationlossistheresultofthemeasurementfor1hourat670°C.*InitialoxidationtemperaturerepresentstheStartingtemperatureofmassdecreasebytheresultofthemeasurementusingathermobalanceintheairatmosphere.*Themeasurementtemperaturerangeforthecoefficientofthermalexpansionis300to400°C.*Therearestandardsizeforeachgrade,thicknessorbulkdensity.*Thereareconstraintsofsizedependingonthesize,thicknessandbulkdensity.Beforeactuallyusingoneofourproducts,pleasebesuretocontactoursalesdepartmenttoconsultonselectingthemostappropriategrade.

■■ InitialOxidationTemperature

300 500 700 900

0

50

100

PF-50 PF-50R2 PF-50G3

Temperature[°C]

Mas

sD

ecre

ase

Rat

e[m

ass

%]

MeasurementExample

Wehaveseveralgradesthatmaysuitcustomers’heatresistancerequirements.

■■ RelationshipBetweenDensityandTensileStrength

0 0.5 10 15

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Density[Mg/m3]

Tens

ileS

tren

gth

[MP

a]

MeasurementExample

PF(StandardType)

Highdensityproductshavehighstrength.


PE

RM

A-F

OIL

™

Property Data■■ ExcellentCompressibilityRecoveryProperties

TherelationshipbetweendensityandcompressionstressduringCompressionandrelease(PF-50)

1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

CompressionStress[MPa]

Den

sity

[Mg/

m3 ]

DuringCompression

DuringRelease

Determinethecompression/recoverydensitybythethicknessthathasbeenalteredbystress.*BytheJISR3453measuringmethod.

MeasurementExample

■■ HighSealingPropertiesTherelationshipbetweenclamppressureandamountofleakage(PF-50)

0.1 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 10

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

0

NitrogenInnerPressure[MPa]

Am

ount

ofL

eaka

ge[1

0-6m

3 /s]

ClampPressure10MPa

ClampPressure20 MPa

ClampPressure30 MPa

Sampledimensions:ø65xø50(mm)ring

MeasurementExample

Thermalconductivity<Paralleltosurface>

0 0.5 1.0 1.5

500

400

300

200

100

0

Density[Mg/m3]

The

rmal

Con

duct

ivity

[W/(

m·k

)] Thethermalconductivityparalleltosurfaceisexcellent.

MeasurementExample

Highdensityproductshaveanextremelyhighthermalconductivity.

0 100 200 300 400

ThermalConductivity[W/(m·K)]

PERMA-FOIL™(D=2.0)

Copper

Aluminum

PERMA-FOIL™(D=1.0)

<Perpendiculartosurface>

0 0.5 1.0 1.5

10

8

6

4

2

0

Density[Mg/m3]

The

rmal

Con

duct

ivity

[W/(

m·k

)]

Theinsulatingpropertiesperpendiculartosurfaceisexcellent.

MeasurementExample

■■ EffectiveofCompressionStresstoEachProperties

ElectricalResistivity<Paralleltosurface>

0 0.5 1.0 1.5

20

15

10

5

0

Density[Mg/m3]

Ele

ctric

alR

esis

tivity

[μΩ

·m]

Theelectricalresistivityparalleltosurfaceislow.

MeasurementExample

*Thermalconductivityisindependentfromsheetthicknessandgrade.

<Perpendiculartosurface>

0 0.5 1.0 1.5

2000

1500

1000

500

0

Density[Mg/m3]

Ele

ctric

alR

esis

tivity

[μΩ

·m]

Theelectricalresistivityperpendiculartosurfaceishigh.

MeasurementExample


PE

RM

A-F

OIL

™

■■ ThermalDesorptionSpectrum(TDS)

0 500 1000

10-1

10-2

10-3

10-4

10-5

PF-38

PF-38UHP

Temperature[°C]

Tota

lPre

ssur

e[P

a/g]

HeatingRate:20°C/minDegreeofvacuuminsidethechamberbeforesettingatestpiece:10-6Pa

MeasurementExample

Haveanextremelylowemittedgasamount.

■■ ChemicalResistance

ChemicalSubstance

Concentration(m

ass%)

Roomtemperature

(30DayImmersion)

50°C(30Day

Immersion)

85°C(6Hour

Immersion)

ThicknessIncrease

WeightIncrease

Appearance

ThicknessIncrease

Weight Increase

Appearance

ThicknessIncrease

WeightIncrease

Appearance

SulfuricAcid90 ✕ ✕

95 ✕ ✕ ✕

NitricAcid10

20

SulfuricAcid+NitricAcid=9:1 ✕ ✕ ✕

HydrochloricAcid 36

PhosphoricAcid 85

HydrofluoricAcid 46

AmmoniaWater 28

SodiumHydroxide 25

Methanol 100

Acetone 100

Gasoline 100

*···NoChange···SlightChange✕···SignificantChange*Chemicalresistanceisindependentfromsheetthicknessandgrade.

■■ InitialReactionTemperatureswithVariousSubstances*Extractedfromotherpublications

Reactant InitialReactionTemperature CompoundsofReaction

SiliconDioxide 1250°C CO,Si,SiC

Copper NoReaction —

Magnesium NoReaction —

Iron 600to800°C Fe3C

Cobalt 218°C CoC,Co3C

Lead NoReaction —

AluminumOxide 1280°C CO,Al,Al4C3

MagnesiumOxide 1350°C CO,Mg

ZirconiumOxide 1300°C CO,Zr,ZrC

■■ Emissivity

0 500 1000 1500 2000

100

80

60

40

20

0

PF-100UHP

Temperature[°C]

Em

issi

vity

[%]

MeasurementExample

■■ ElectromagneticShieldCharacteristics(PF-50)

0 200 400 600 800 1000

100

80

60

40

20

0

Frequency[MHz]

Shi

eld

Effe

ctiv

enes

s[d

BμV

/m]

*MeasuredbyKansaiElectronicIndustryDevelopmentCenter(KEC)reulations

MeasurementExample

Highelectromagneticshieldcharacteristics.

■■ ImpurityAnalysisExample Units: mass ppm

ElementElement

StandardProducts PurifiedProducts

Li <0.01 <0.01

Na 46 <0.05

K 1.9 <0.1

Cu 1.0 <0.08

Be <0.02 <0.02

Mg 0.7 <0.02

Ca 40 <0.04

Zn <0.1 <0.1

Al 90 <0.08

V 0.7 <0.07

S 1000 <1.0

Fe 160 <0.04

Ni <0.1 <0.1



PE

RM

A-F

OIL

™

Excellent heat conduction and pressure equalization effects of PERMA-FOIL™

■■ Heat conduction effectsPERMA-FOIL™possessedhighthermalconductivityinthesurfacedirectionparalleltothesurface,andhasflexibilitythatallowsittoadherecloselytoothermaterials,whichimprovesheattransmissionfromheatsourcetotheheatsink.

CopperorAluminumfoil

HeatFlux

PERMA-FOIL™

HeatFlux

Comparisonofheatconductivity

T1

T0

20

15

10

5

0

Heatconductingmaterial

Con

duct

ivity

(T

1-T

0)(

°C)

PERMA-FOIL™ Silicongrease

Siliconrubber

Aluminumfoil

Copperfoil Noheatconducting

material

Temperaturemeasurement

results

Heatdissipator(heatsink)

Heatconductingmaterial

Heatingelement

■■ Pressure equalization effectsPERMA-FOIL™hashighcushioningpropertiesthatallowtheevenapplicationofpressuretothesubstrateinhotpressandthermalbondingapplications.

WithoutPERMA-FOIL™ WithPERMA-FOIL™

Press

Spacer

Work

Spacer

PERMA-FOIL™

■● Exampleapplications

• Componentsforsemiconductorfabricationequipment

• Automotivegaskets • Insulationmaterialforfurnaceinteriors

• Heattransferapplicationsinelectronicequipment

• Packingmaterialforchemicalplants • High-puritycomponentsforuseinfurnaceinteriors


Carbon Products for Mechanical applications

(2)

(1) RodPacking

(2) LabyrinthSeal

(3) RadialBearing

(4) ThrustBearing

(5) Shoe

(6) Slider

(7) JointSeal

(8) TrolleyWheel

(9) ValveSeat

(10)Vane

(11)Rotor

(12)PistonRing

(13)MechanicalSeal

(14)Bearing

(6)

(1)

(4)

(5)

(3)

(10)

(8)

(7)

(9)

(11)

(13)

(12)

(14)


CarbonP

roductsforM

echanicalapplications

Features of Carbon Products for Mechanical applicationsCarbonslidingmaterialshaveexcellentself-Iubricatingproperties,heatresistanceandchemicalresistance.Thismeanstheycanbeusedinhigh-temperatureatmosphereswhereordinarymetalslidingmaterialscannotandinfieldswherefluidsandlubricantsareinappropriate.ToyoTanso’sIG,KCandTUGproductseriesbringtogetherthetechnicalanddevelopmentcapabilitiesinthefieldofslidingmaterialsthathavebeencultivatedovermanyyears,tomeetthevariousdemandsofourcustomers.

■■ Excellent Self-LubricationCarbon has self-Iubricating properties due to its layered crystalstructure, making it appropriate for use in high-temperatureatmospheresand inapplicationswherefluidsand lubricantsareavoided. Inparticular, its coefficientof friction inanunlubricatedconditionislowcomparedwithothermaterials,makingadhesiondifficulttooccur.

■■ Excellent Thermal DurabilityTherearevirtuallynochangesinthemechanicalstrengthandslidepropertiesduetoheat.Refertothetableonpage36forthethermaldurabilityofeachmaterial.

■■ Excellent Chemical ResistanceWith the exception of inorganic chemicals (strong oxidizers),carbonhasexcellentchemicalresistance.Thechemicalresistanceofeachmaterialisshowninthetableonpage39.

■■ Thermal Shock ResistanceThecoefficientofthermalexpansionislowerthanmetalmaterials,andithasgoodthermalconductivity.Thismeansthatthematerialhardlyevercracks,evenduringrapidtemperaturechanges.

■■ Supports Lightweight DesignsThebulkdensityislowcomparedtometalmaterials,whichsupportlightweightmachinerydesignsandareductioninfrictionnoise.

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

DynamicCoefficientofFrictiononaSteelSurface[AtmosphericRoomTemperature]

Carbon

WhiteMetal

Steel

Rubber

Glass

0 5 10 15 20

CoefficientofThermalExpansion[10-6/K]

Carbon

Glass

Steel

StainlessSteel

Brass

0 5 10 15 20

BulkDensity[Mg/m3]

Carbon

Silicon

Aluminum

Steel

Copper

Tungsten


CarbonP

roductsforM



Cokes,ArtificialGraphitesCarbonBracks

NaturalGraphites CoalTarPitch Resins CopperPowder

RawMaterials

Pulverizing

Kneading

Pulverizing&Sieving

Mixing

IsostaticPressing Molding Molding HotPressing Molding

Baking PitchImpregnation Baking HeatTreatment Sintering

Graphitizing Impregnation

Graphite CarbonGraphite

Resin-ImpregnatedCarbon

·Metal-Impregnated

Carbon

ImpermeableCarbonGraphite

Resin-BondedCarbon

Metal-BondedCarbon

InspectionInspection

Shipment FinishMachiningInspection


CarbonP

roductsforM


Application

■■ BearingsDeepwellunderwatermotorpumpsPumpsforoilrefiningandpetrochemicalprocessesPumpsforpowerstationprocessesPumpsforgeneralindustriesChemicalpumpsMarinepumpsFlowmeterpumps

RadialBearings

ThrustBearings

HouseholdhotwatercirculationpumpsVendingmachinecirculationpumpsDishwashersPlywooddryer

Bearings

■■ Seal ringsPumpsforoilrefiningandpetrochemicalprocessesPumpsforpowerstationprocessesPumpsforgeneralindustriesChemicalpumpsAgitatorMarinepumps

MechanicalSeals

AutomobilewaterpumpsHouseholdhotwatercirculationpumpsRefrigeratorcompressors

MechanicalSeals


CarbonP

roductsforM


■■ PackingReciprocalcompressorsScrewcompressorsSteamturbinesHydroelectricpowergenerators

PistonRing

RodPacking

■■ VanesVariousvacuumpumpsAirblowersFlowmetersOscillatingcompressorsJetheaters

Vane

■■ Joint SealsPapermakingdryersDrumdryersMixingmillsPrinters

JointSeal

■■ Valve SeatsBallvalves

ValveSeat

■■ Pantograph SlidersJRregularlinesJapaneseprivaterailways

Slider


CarbonP

roductsforM


Typical PropertiesWeprovidemanydifferentkindsofcarbonproductsasslidingmaterialsformechanicalapplications,includinggraphite,carbongraphite, resin-impregnated carbon, metal-impregnated carbon, SiC/C composites, inorganic-compound impregnated carbon,impermeablegraphite,resin-bondedcarbonandmetal-bondedcarbon.Selecttheproductmostappropriateforyourapplication.

■■ GraphiteIt has excellent heat and chemical resistant characteristicscompared with other compositions, and virtually no charge infactorssuchastheslideproperties.

■■ Carbon GraphiteIt is a general carbon sliding material composed of carbon andgraphite.Weprovideproductssuitableforyourapplications.

■■ Resin-Impregnated Carbon and Metal-Impregnated Carbon

Resinormetal is impregnated in thepores incarbon to improvestrength,impermeabilityandslideproperties.

■■ SiC/C CompositesIthasexcellentslurryandblisterresistance.Thecompositelayerdepthcanbe2to4mmfromthesurfacelayer.

■■ Inorganic Compound-Impregnated CarbonInorganiccompoundisimpregnatedintoisotropicgraphite.Ithasanti-oxidizingpropertiesinhigh-temperatureatmospheres.

■■ Impermeable Carbon GraphiteItisanon-impregnatedmaterialwithexcellentimpermeability.Itiseasilymass-producedbydie-moldingtoanydesirableshape.

■■ Resin-Bonded CarbonItisacarbonandresinbondedmaterial.Itiseasilymass-producedbydie-moldingtoanydesirableshape.

■■ Metal-Bonded CarbonItisasinteredmaterialwithcarbonandmetal.Ithasself-lubricatingproperties, and is appropriate for fields where lubricants areavoided.


Graphite

ResinBondedCarbon

·Metal

BondedCarbon

ResinImpregnated

Carbon·

MetalImpregnated

Carbon

CarbonGraphite

The slide properties of carbon are greatly affected by the usage conditions (e.g. pressure, circumferential velocity, contacting materials, atmosphere, temperature, etc.).Toyo Tanso has a wide range of carbon and graphite grades available to meet your requirements.Before actually using one of our products, please be sure to contact our sales department to consult on selecting the most appropriate grade.


CarbonP

roductsforM


Composition GradeBulkDensity Hardness

FlexuralStrength

CompressiveStrength

Young'sModulus


ThermalConductivity

ThermalDurability

Mg/m3 HSD MPa MPa GPa 10-6/K W/(m·K) °C

GraphiteIG-11 1.77 51 39 78 10 4.5a) 120 400

ISO-68 1.82 80 76 172 13 5.6a) 70 450

CarbonGraphite

KC-36 1.72 65 48 135 15 3.5 15 300

KC-57 1.78 105 70 270 20 4.0 5 350

KC-67 1.77 72 60 185 20 3.5 10 350

KC-83K 1.74 80 55 160 15 4.0 10 350

KP-001 1.72 90 70 240 17 5.0 4 250

KP-002 1.73 60 58 170 17 3.5 7 250

Resin-Impregnated

Carbon

KC-360 1.78 75 58 165 17 4.0 15 250

KC-570* 1.85 110 84 370 22 5.0 5 300

KC-573* 1.85 110 85 370 22 5.5 5 250

KC-670* 1.87 87 78 240 22 5.0 10 300

KC-673* 1.87 87 78 245 22 5.5 10 250

KC-830K 1.84 90 70 205 17 5.0 10 300

IKC-433 1.97 70 70 140 20 6.0 139 200

Metal-Impregnated

Carbon

KC-5709* 2.25 110 100 430 27 5.0 5 400

KC-6709* 2.30 88 90 300 27 5.0 13 400

IKC-6809 2.67 88 105 300 21 6.0 80 450

PC-78A 2.90 95 110 410 27 6.5 13 350

SiC/CComposites

TS-002 2.31/2.75 63/70 113/78 300/205 18/16 4.5/5.2 80/80 500

TS-003 2.28/1.82 83/80 116/76 410/172 30/13 5.4/5.6 70/70 400

TS-004 2.28/1.92 83/86 116/88 410/235 30/15 5.4/7.5 70/60 200

TS-005 2.28/2.67 83/88 116/105 410/300 30/21 5.4/6.0 70/80 500

InorganicCompound-Impregnated

Carbon

IG-11R1 1.85 55 46 92 11 4.5a) 120 500

IG-43R1 1.88 57 59 108 12 4.8a) 140 500

ISO-68R1 1.87 84 83 190 15 5.6a) 70 500


TUG-105 1.67 90 60 250 20 4.0 — 250

TUG-110 1.78 105 90 290 20 4.0 — 250

TUG-120 1.68 95 70 245 20 4.0 — 250

TUG-308 1.87 90 65 215 23 3.5 — 250

TUG-309 1.85 80 55 185 20 3.5 — 250

TUG-3095 1.81 75 50 170 20 3.5 — 250

TUG-505 1.89 80 68 185 20 3.0 — 250

Resin-BondedCarbon

W-1500 1.77 70 75 175 15 23.0b) — 150

W-3500* 1.63 85 90 250 12 30.0b) — 200

LS 1.77 60 70 100 15 15.0b) — 150

NLA 1.70 75 85 175 15 23.0b) — 150

MR-10* 1.43 78 100 230 10 35.0b) — 200

Metal-BondedCarbon

GM-1 4.60 18 25 55 — 12.0 — 200

GM-5 6.20 18 205 350 — 12.0 — 400

*Thefiguresabovearetypicalvalues,andarenotguaranteed.*TheSiC/Ccompositevaluesshowbothofthe“SiC/Ccompositelayer”and“substrate(+impregnation)”.*TheSiC/Ccompositethermaldurabilityshowsthatofthe“substrate(+impregnation)”.*Thermaldurabilityvarieswithusageconditions.Valuesprovidedforreferencepurposesonly.*Themeasurementtemperaturerangeforthecoefficientofthermalexpansionis:a)350to450°C,b)50to150°C,andothers:100to200°C.*Unitconversion:MPa=kgf/cm2x0.098GPa=kgf/mm2x0.0098W/(m·K)=kcal/h·m·°Cx1.16


CarbonP

roductsforM


Product Selection Table by Usage

Composition Grade

Bearings SealRings SealRings Vanes SliderSpecial

Applications

Non-Lubricated Lubricated MechanicalSeal JointSeal Compressors ShaftSeals

ValveS

eat

Non-Lubricated

Lubricated

Trolleywheelsandshoes

Fortrains

Forbrakes

Jigsforglassproduction

Structuralm

aterialsforhightemperatures

Forhightem

peratures

Forhighloads

Forlow

loads

Forhighloadm

assproduction

Forlo w

loadmasspr oduction

Forhighloads

Forlow

loads

Forhighloadm

assproduction

Forlow

loadmassproduction

Forslurryresistance

Forhighloads

Forlo w

loads

Forhighloadm

assproduction

Forlow

loadmassproduction

Forblisterresistance

Forhighloads

Forlow

loads

Forhighloadm

assproduction

Forlow

loadmassproduction

Forlargesizes

Forair

Forspecialgas

Fordrygas

Forsteam

Forhydropow

er

GraphiteIG-11

ISO-68

CarbonGraphite

KC-36

KC-57

KC-67

KC-83K

KP-001

KP-002


KC-360

KC-570,KC-573

KC-670,KC-673

KC-830K

Metal-ImpregnatedCarbon

KC-5709

KC-6709

IKC-6809

PC-78A

SiC/CComposites

TS-002

TS-003

TS-004

TS-005

InorganicCompound-ImpregnatedCarbon

IG-11R1

IG-43R1

ISO-68R1


TUG-105

TUG-110

TUG-120

TUG-308

TUG-309

TUG-3095

TUG-505

Resin-BondedCarbon

W-1500

W-3500

LS

NLA

MR-10

Metal-BondedCarbonGM-1

GM-5

* ···Mostappropriate···Appropriate*Avarietyofstocksizesareavailable.

Pleasecontactoursalesteamfordetails.*Themaximumdimensionsaresubjecttochangedueto

manufacturingtechnologydevelopments.*Thereareadditionalproductsforspecialapplications

thatarenotshowinthetable.



CarbonP

roductsforM


Product Selection Table by Usage

Composition Grade

Bearings SealRings SealRings Vanes SliderSpecial

Applications

Non-Lubricated Lubricated MechanicalSeal JointSeal Compressors ShaftSeals

ValveS

eat

Non-Lubricated

Lubricated

Trolleywheelsandshoes

Fortrains

Forbr akes

Jigsforglassproduction

Structuralm

aterials for hightemperatures

Forhightem

peratures

Forhighloads

Forlow

loads

Forhighloadm

assproduction

Forlow

loadmassproduction

Forhighloads

Forlow

loads

Forhighloadm

assproduction

Forlow

loadmassproduction

Forslurryresistance

Forhighloads

Forlow

loads

Forhighloadm

assproduction

Forlow

loadmassproduction

Forblisterresistance

Forhighloads

Forlow

loads

Forhighloadm

asspr oduction

Forlow

loadmassproduction

Forlar gesiz es

Forair

Forspecialgas

Fordrygas

For steam

Forhydropow

er

GraphiteIG-11

ISO-68

CarbonGraphite

KC-36

KC-57

KC-67

KC-83K

KP-001

KP-002


KC-360

KC-570,KC-573

KC-670,KC-673

KC-830K

Metal-ImpregnatedCarbon

KC-5709

KC-6709

IKC-6809

PC-78A

SiC/CComposites

TS-002

TS-003

TS-004

TS-005

InorganicCompound-ImpregnatedCarbon

IG-11R1

IG-43R1

ISO-68R1


TUG-105

TUG-110

TUG-120

TUG-308

TUG-309

TUG-3095

TUG-505

Resin-BondedCarbon

W-1500

W-3500

LS

NLA

MR-10

Metal-BondedCarbonGM-1

GM-5

* ···Mostappropriate···Appropriate*Avarietyofstocksizesareavailable.

Pleasecontactoursalesteamfordetails.*Themaximumdimensionsaresubjecttochangedueto

manufacturingtechnologydevelopments.*Thereareadditionalproductsforspecialapplications

thatarenotshowinthetable.



CarbonP

roductsforM


Chemical ResistanceWiththeexceptionofsomeinorganicchemicals(strongoxidizers),carbonisresistanttochemicalcorrosion.Carbonhasexcellentchemical resistancewhencompared togeneralmetalmaterials,andso isused inawidevarietyofapplications.Refer to thetablebelowforthechemicalresistanceofcarbonformechanicalapplication,ascomparedtogeneralchemicals.Thechemicalresistancevariesaccordingtothechemicaldensity,temperatureandcarboncomposition,sopleasecontactToyoTansoforfurtherdetails.

ChemicalNameChemicalFormula

Concentration(m

ass%)

Temperature

Composition

Graphite

CarbonGraphite

ResinB

onded

Non-Im

pregnated

Resin-Im

pregnated

Metal-Im

pregnated

Ammonia(Gas) NH3 100 H

Chlorine(Gas) Cl2 100 H

HydrogenChloride(Gas)

HCl 100 H

Bromine(Gas) Br2 100 C

HydrogenBromide(Gas)

HBr 100 H

SulfurDioxide(Gas)

SO2 100 H

Fluorine(Gas) F2 100 C

HydrogenFluoride(Gas)

HF 100 W

AmmoniumHydroxide

NH4OH 25 W

PotassiumHydroxide

KOH60 C

60 H

SodiumHydroxide NaOH60 C

60 H

SodiumChlorite NaClO2 20 H

SulfurousAcid H2SO3 100 C

HydrochloricAcid HCl 36 H

AquaRegia(HydrochloricAcid/NitricAcid)

HCl/HNO3 100 C

PotassiumPermanganate

KMnO47 C

7 H

ChromicAcid H2CrO4

20 C

20 H

40 C

40 H

60 C

MixedAcid(NitricAcid/SulfuricAcid)

HNO3/H2SO4

100 C

NitricAcid HNO3

38 H

65 C

65 W

65 H

ChemicalNameChemicalFormula

Concentration(m

ass%)

Temperature

Composition

Graphite

CarbonGraphite

ResinB

onded

Non-Im

pregnated

Resin-Im

pregnated

Metal-Im

pregnated

SodiumHypochlorite

NaClO

7 H

13 W

23 C

HydrofluoricAcid HF40 W

60 C

FumingSulfuricAcid

H2SO4+SO3 98 C

SulfuricAcid H2SO448 H

98 H

PhosphoricAcid H3PO485 C

85 H

Acetone CH3COCH3 100 C

Aniline C6H5NH2 100 C

Ether R-O-R 100 C

FormicAcid HCOOH 100 C

CitricAcid C6H8O7 100 C

Glycerin C3H5(OH)3 100 C

Chloroform CHCl3 100 C

CarbonTetrachloride

CCl4 100 C

*H···100°CW···50°CC···20°C···Resistant···Infused


Carbon Brush

(1) Carbonbrushesforgeneralindustrialapplication

(2) Carbonbrushesforpowersupplyapplication

(3) Carbonbrushesforautomotiveapplication

(4) Carbonbrushesforhomeappliances

(5) Carbonbrushesformicromotor

(6) Carbonbrushesforelectricpowertool

(7) Carbonbrushesforvacuumcleaner

(8) Carbonbrusheswithcut-offdevice

(1)

(2)

(3)

(3)

(1)

(1)

(4)

(5)(6) (7)

(8)


CarbonB

rush

Features of Carbon Brush ProductsThecarbonbrushplaystheimportantroleofsendingelectricalcurrentbetweenmotionlessandrotatingpartsbyslidingcontact.Sincetheperformanceofthebrushhasasignificantimpactoftheperformanceofrotatingmachine,thechoiceofbrushisacriticalfactor.AttheToyoTansoGroup,wedevelopandproducecarbonbrushesforavarietyofcustomerneedsandpurposes,applyingthesuperiortechnologyandqualityassuranceknow-howthatwehavedevelopedoverourmanyyearsofresearchinthefield.Ourproductsexudeminimumimpactontheenvironment,andcanbeusedformanydifferentapplications.

■■ Excellent self-lubrication and abrasion resistance

Carbonhasself-lubricatingpropertiesandlowcoefficientoffrictiondue to its layered crystal structure, making it highly abrasionresistant.Thecarbonisthuscharacterizedbyoutstandingabrasionresistanceandlowfrictionunderconduction,whichisimportantforcarbonbrush.

■■ Superior conductivityWith its excellent electrical conductivity, carbon can offer astable, optimal level of electrical resistivity, which is enhancedby appropriate selection of materials and production processdependingontheapplication.

■■ Outstanding durabilityCarbonhaslowcoefficientofthermalexpansion,whichmeansthatithardlyhaschangesinshapeorqualityevenathightemperatures.It isalsoresistant to thesofteningandmelt-downthatcanoccurdue tosparkingduringoperations,anddoesnot fusewithothermetals.

■■ Superior ridability during sliding contactCompared to conductive metal in general, bulk density and theYoung’smodulusaresmallincarbon,hencecarbonhassuperiorridabilityduringslidingcontact.

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Coefficientofdynamicfrictionwithsteelsurface[inairroomtemperature]

Carbon

WhiteMetal

Steel

Rubber

Glass

0 5 10 15 20

Coefficientofthermalexpansion[10-6/K]

Carbon

Glass

Steel

StainlessSteel

Brass

0 5 10 15 20

BulkDensity[g/cm3]

Carbon

Silicon

Aluminum

Steel

Copper

Tungsten


CarbonB

rush


Graphite,coke,carbonblack,etc. Binder Metalpowder

Rawmaterial

Kneading

Pulverizing&Sieving

Kneading

Pulverizing&Sieving

Kneading

Pulverizing&Sieving

MixingMixing Mixing

MoldingMolding Molding

HeatTreatmentHeatTreatment HeatTreatmentHeatTreatment

Graphitizing

FinishingFinishing FinishingFinishingFinishing

InspectionInspection InspectionInspectionInspection

GraphiteElectrographiteCoppergraphite/Silvergraphite

Resinbondedgraphite

Carbongraphite


CarbonB

rush

Brush Types and Applications: Some ExamplesAtToyoTansogroup,weofferanentirearrayofbrushes,includingforgeneralindustrialuse,vacuumcleaners,automotive,homeelectronicappliances,powertoolmotors,electricalsupply,micromotors,andmore.

Generalindustrial

Powersupply

Automotive

Vacuumcleaners

Homeappliances

Electricpowertools

Micromotors,etc.

Carbonbrush

Electrographite

Resinboundedgraphite

Graphite

Carbongraphite

Metalgraphitebrush

Silvergraphite

Coppergraphite

■■ General industrial

DCmotors

Electricaltrains

Wind-generatedpower

■■ Power supply

Cranes

■■ Automotive application

Automobiles

Forklifts


CarbonB

rush

■■ Vacuum cleaners

Vacuumcleaners

■■ Home appliances

Washingmachines

■■ Power tools

Diskgrinders

■■ Micro motors, etc.

Printers

Product DescriptionsTheToyoTansoGroupisconstantlyresearchingwaystoachievetopperformancewithourbrushesforeachoftheirvariouspurposes.Wehavesuccessfullydevelopedarangeofnewproductsupthroughthepresenttime,includingspecialcoatedbrushes,carbonbrushwithcut-offdevice,vehiclefuelpumpbrushesandcarbondiscs,andmore.

■■ Brushes and Carbon Disks for Vehicle Fuel Pumps

Carbonistheanswertothemanyconditionsrequiredforthecommutatorforvehiclefuelpumps.ToyoTansohasdevelopedoptimalbrushmaterialsandlow-wearcarbondiscforcommutator.Wecanproposetheidealcarbonbrushmaterialtomatchusageconditions.

■■ Carbon brush with cut-off deviceAttheendoftheirlifespan,brushestendtoincurgreatersparking from commutation, as the spring pressuredeteriorates. The brush with cut-off device quicklycutselectriccurrentwhenbrush iswornout to reducecommutator loss. Toyo Tanso offers cut-off designdependonbrushtypeandapplication.

■■ The washing machine brushExtremlylonglifebrushesarerequiredforcommutatormotor for drum-type washing machine. Toyo Tansooffers a long- lasting brush that performs well evenduringthemachine’sreversecycle.

■■ The Specially Coated BrushThisbrushfeaturesathinconductivemetalfilmcoatingonthesurface.Thecoatingservestocutloss associated with electrical resistance andrisesintemperatureswithoutsacrificinglifetimeandcommutationpropertiesofthebrush.Thesebrushesareused insmallhigh-speedvacuumcleaners,powertoolmotors,andmore.


CarbonB

rush

Typical Properties

Composition

GradeBulk

DensityHardness


FlexuralStrength Cofficient

offriction

Contactvoltage

drop

Max.peripheral

speed

Max.currentdensity Features/applications

g/cm3 HSC μΩ·m MPa V m/s A/cm2

Electrographite

401 1.68 18 9 10 M M 30 10Goodfilmformation.Suitableforslipringsthateasilygeneratestreaking.

502 1.77 51 11 37 M M 25 10Goodroughingresistancebecauseoffinegrainisotropicstructure.Suitableforlowspeed,smallcapacityDCmotorsandsliprings.

503 1.68 46 13 29 M M 30 10Sameas502,goodroughingresistancebecauseoffinegrainisotropicstructure.Suitableforsmall/medcapacitymotorsoffasterspeedthan502.

176 1.62 28 14 16 M M 45 12Goodfilmformation.Goodcommunicationperformance.SuitableforDCmotorsuptomediumcapacity.

BZ-229 1.6 23 22 11 M M 40 12Moderatefilmadjustingfunction.Suitableformediumandhighercapacitymillmotors.

BZ-256 1.61 28 19 14 M M 40 12BetterfilmformationthanBZ-229.Suitableformediumandhighercapacitymillmotors.

213 1.61 32 23 16 M M 40 12Betterfilmadjustingeffectthan176.SuitableforDCmotorsuptomediumcapacity.

321 1.74 62 34 31 M M 35 10 Goodwearresistance.Suitablefortractionmotors.TH-03 1.75 68 40 35 M M 35 10

351A 1.63 49 47 22 H M 40 10Standardmaterialforcommutationbrushes.SuitableformediumcapacityDCmotors.

641 1.64 59 75 12 H M 40 10SuitablefordifficultcommutationhighcapacityDCmotorsanduniversalmotors.

Graphite

402 1.71 24 10 18 M M 25 10Hasfilmadjustingeffect.Suitableforthickfilmsliprings.

801 1.65 30 35 19 M M 45 15Goodwearresistance.Suitableforpumpmotorsforpowersteering.

TR-52 1.74 30 14 16 M M 40 12Bettercommutationperformancethan788.Suitableforforkliftsof48Vormore.

TR-19 1.51 33 200 19 M M 40 12Goodwearresistance.Suitablefor3-phasecommutatormotor.

*Coefficientoffriction:H···0.25orgreaterM···0.20-0.25(Measuringconditions/Slipring:Copper;Speed:9.3m/second;Current:0A)*Contactvoltagedrop:M···0.5-1.0V/unit(Measuringconditions/Slipring:Copper;Speed:9.3m/second;Current:DC10A/cmsq.)*Theabovefiguresaretypicalvalues,andarenotguaranteed.

Maximum peripheral speed and maximum current density differ depending on the commutator and slip ring conditions and conditions of use. The information listed to the right and above represents general examples. Before choosing a product, consult with our staff about your particular needs.


CarbonB

rush

Composition

GradeBulk

DensityHardness


FlexuralStrength Cofficient

offriction

Contactvoltage

drop

Max.peripheral

speed



CopperG

raphiteI

M-90 6.30 15 0.32 108 M VL 20 25

Highstrengthcopperalloytype.Suitableforcontactsandgrounds.

M-1T 6.19 13 0.27 108 M VL 22 22

M-2T 5.70 15 0.50 80 M VL 25 20

M-1H 6.83 6 0.04 87 M VL 25 20

Highcoppercontent.Verylowtemperatureriseandcontactvoltagedrop.Suitableforhighelectricalcapacitygeneratorsandmotors.

M-1 5.41 12 0.08 42 L VL 30 25

M-1F 5.30 18 0.15 49 L VL 30 25

M-2H 4.93 13 0.10 34 L VL 30 20

M-2HF 4.80 18 0.33 44 M VL 30 20

M-2 4.40 15 0.50 29 L VL 30 20

ThecoppercontentamountisnexttoM1,M-2Hclassandhasgoodwearresistance.Suitableforlargecapacitygeneratorsandslipringsforgeneralrotarymachine.

M-2F 4.35 15 0.50 44 M VL 30 20

M-3H 4.04 16 0.70 29 M VL 30 18

M-3HF 4.05 20 0.60 44 M VL 30 18

M-3 3.78 17 1.00 29 L VL 30 18

M-4 3.48 17 2.00 25 L L 30 18

Middlegradebetweengraphiteandmetalgraphiteandhasfeaturesofboth.Inparticular,itissuperiorinroughingresistance.Itisapplicableforsmall/medcapacitygeneratorsandmotors.

M-550 2.96 25 2.50 39 M L 35 15 Goodwearresistance.Particularlysuitableforstainlesssteelsliprings.M-750 2.32 23 6.00 32 M L 35 15

788 2.02 23 9.00 23 M M 45 12Gooddimensionalstabilityinhightemperature.Suitableforforkliftsof48Vorless.

M-2TB 5.74 12 0.48 65 M VL 25 20

SameapplicationastheaboveM-1andM-2.Butdoesnotcontainlead.

M-1B 5.30 10 0.10 43 L VL 30 25

M-2B 4.34 13 0.28 31 L VL 30 20

CopperG

raphiteIIMF-302 2.65 18 3.00 23 M L 30 20 SuitableforautomobileDC12Vfan.

MF-501 3.00 20 0.90 28 L L 30 20 SuitableforautomobileDC12Vwinch.

MF-101 2.90 18 2.20 28 M L 30 20

SuitableforDC19.2Vcleaners.MF-202 2.05 10 38.0 23 H M 30 15

MF-203 2.05 10 30.0 23 L M 30 15

MF-301 2.40 15 10.0 23 M M 30 20 SuitableforDC24Vcleaners.

MF-401 2.67 18 10.0 21 M M 30 20 SuitableforDC19.2Vcleaners.

MF-204 3.78 15 0.30 40 M L 30 25 SuitableforDC7.2Vpowertools.

MF-205 3.00 20 0.80 28 M L 30 20 SuitableforDC24Vpowertools.

MF-701 2.26 18 10.0 30 M M 30 20 SuitableforDC22-36Vpowertools.

MF-201 2.25 10 30.0 23 M M 30 15 Suitableforhouseholdcoffeemills.

MF-601 2.05 10 50.0 23 M M 30 15 Suitableforelectricwheelchair.

*Coefficientoffriction:H···0.25orgreaterM···0.20-0.25L···0.20orless(Measuringconditions/Slipring:Copper;Speed:9.0m/second;Current:0A)*Contactvoltagedrop:M···0.5-1.0V/unit,L···0.25-0.50V/unit;VL:0.25orless/unit(Measuringconditions/Slipring:Copper;Speed:9.0m/second;Current:DC10A/cmsq.)*Theabovefiguresaretypicalvalues,andarenotguaranteed.


CarbonB

rush

Typical Properties

Composition

GradeBulk

DensityHardness


FlexuralStrength Coefficient

offriction

Contactvoltage

drop

Max.peripheral

speed



Silvergraphite

SX-50 3.20 15 2.70 29 M VL 20 12Verylowtemperatureriseandcontactvoltagedrop.Suitableforlowcurrenttachometersandgroundscontacts.

SX-70 4.45 15 0.25 40 M VL 20 15

SX-90 6.85 18 0.05 84 M VL 20 22

*Coefficientoffriction:M···0.20-0.25(Measuringconditions/Slipring:Copper;Speed:9.0m/second;Current:0A)*Decliningcontactvoltage:VL···Lessthan0.25V/unit(Measuringconditions/Slipring:Copper;Speed:9.0m/s;Current:DC10A/cmsq.)*Theabovefiguresaretypicalvalues,andarenotguaranteed.

Composition

GradeBulk

DensityHardness



offriction

Contactvoltage

drop

Max.peripheral

speed



Resinboundedgraphite

X-03 1.50 12 200 15 L H 54 20

Gooderidability.Suitabllefor100-120Vhighefficiencycleaners.

X-09 1.52 14 260 15 L H 54 20

X-17 1.54 15 330 18 L H 54 20

X-72 1.47 19 380 14 L H 48 20

X-87 1.50 17 380 22 L H 54 20

X-88 1.52 14 360 20 L H 54 20

X-05 1.48 15 400 18 L H 50 20

Gooderidability.Suitabllefor100-120Vhighinputcleaners.

X-10 1.52 15 270 17 L H 50 20

X-78 1.51 17 370 22 L H 48 20

X-80 1.51 17 360 22 L H 48 20

X-13 1.48 19 700 22 L H 50 15

Goodcommutationperformance.Suitablefor120-240Vcleaners.

X-85 1.48 20 400 14 L H 48 20

X-89 1.53 19 350 21 L H 48 20

X-93 1.50 18 640 27 L H 50 15

X-95 1.51 19 640 24 L H 50 15

X-97 1.45 19 430 14 L H 50 20

X-11 1.35 15 1100 14 L VH 54 13

Goodcommutationperformance.Suitablefor200-240Vcleaners.

X-73 1.52 24 920 24 L VH 40 13

X-91 1.35 15 1100 17 L VH 54 13

X-94 1.36 14 1200 17 L VH 54 13

X-04 1.36 17 1600 11 L VH 54 10

Goodcommutationperformance.Suitablefor200-240Vcleaners,smallmotors.

X-08 1.29 14 1600 14 L VH 54 10

X-96 1.31 14 1600 16 L VH 54 10

B-2 1.75 25 390 24 L H 25 8Suitableforjuicers,dryers.Moldablebypresstosizeupto18mmlengthmax.

*Coefficientoffriction:L···Lessthan0.20(Measuringconditions/Currentdensity:AC10A/cmsq.;Speed:20m/second;Springpressure:50kPa)*Contactvoltagedrop:VH···Greaterthan3.0V/unit;H···2.0-3.0volts/unit(Measuringconditions/Currentdensity:AC10A/cmsq.;Speed:20m/second;Springpressure:

50 kPa)*Theabovefiguresaretypicalvalues,andarenotguaranteed.


CarbonB

rush

Composition

GradeBulk

DensityHardness



offriction

Contactvoltage

drop

Max.peripheral

speed



Carbongraphite

C-3 1.62 35 240 24 L H 35 13

Comparativelowresistivity.Suitablefor100-120Vpowertools.

107 1.62 34 100 29 L H 35 13

113 1.58 37 290 27 L H 35 13

C-1 1.49 30 330 13 L H 35 12 Suitablefor100V-120Vand200-240Vcleaners.

TX-174 1.55 36 390 24 L H 35 18

Goodcommutationperformance,wearresistance.Goodbreakingaction.Suitablefor100-120Vand200-240Vpowertoolsandcleaners.

105S 1.55 36 390 24 L H 35 18

108 1.55 36 390 24 L H 35 18

110 1.54 37 350 20 L H 35 13

118 1.64 34 390 23 L H 35 18

129 1.64 34 620 20 L H 35 18

106 1.52 33 680 15 M VH 35 13 Goodcommutationperformanceandwearresistance.Suitablefor200-240Vcleaners.111 1.61 37 600 23 M VH 35 13

114 1.62 35 900 20 M VH 35 13

Goodcommutationperformance.Suitablefor200-240Vpowertoolsandwashingmachines.

122 1.62 42 840 22 M VH 35 13

124 1.60 47 790 26 M VH 35 13

127 1.53 33 850 21 M VH 35 13

116 1.62 35 900 20 M VH 35 13Goodcommutationperformanceandwearresistance.Suitablefor200-240Vpowertools.

119 1.59 42 1300 20 M VH 35 13Goodcommutationandslidingperformance.Suitablefor200-240Vpowertoolsandwashingmachines.

B-1 1.75 47 450 13 L H 25 8Suitableforsmallpowertoolsandjuicers.MoldablewithleadwirebypresstosizeuptoL12mmmax.

C-2 1.55 44 660 17 L H 25 10Suitableforsmallpowertoolsandjuicers.MoldablewithleadwirebypresstosizeuptoL15mmmax.

C-2N 1.58 18 660 14 L H 25 10

Suitableforsmallpowertoolsandjuicers.MoldablewithleadwirebypresstosizeuptoL15mmmax.BetternoisepreventionandfilmadjustingeffectthanC-2.

FX-08 1.66 32 590 19 L H 25 10

Suitableforsmallpowertoolsandjuicers.Moldablewithleadwirebypresstosizeupto18 mmmax.BetternoisepreventionandfilmadjustingeffectthanC-2.

*Coefficientoffriction:M···0.20-0.25,L···Lessthan0.20(Measuringconditions/Currentdensity:AC10A/cmsq.;Speed:20m/second;Springpressure:50kPa)

*Contactvoltagedrop:VH···Greaterthan3.0V/unit;H···2.0-3.0volts/unit(Measuringconditions/Currentdensity:AC10A/cmsq.;Speed:20m/second;Springpressure:50kPa)

*Theabovefiguresaretypicalvalues,andarenotguaranteed.

Maximum peripheral speed and maximum current density differ depending on the commutator and slip ring conditions and conditions of use. The information listed to the left and above represents general examples. Before actually using one of our products, please be sure to contact our sales department to consult on selecting the most appropriate grade.


CarbonB

rush

Design Data■■ Reference: methods to mount lead wire and shape of carbon brush (JIS C2802)

C1Nolead

wire

C1-1 C1-2 C1-3 C1-4 C1-5 C1-6 C1-7 C1-8 C1-9 C1-10

C2Copperpowdertamped

soldering

C2-1 C2-2 C2-3 C2-4 C2-5 C2-6 C2-7 C2-8 C2-9 C2-10

C2-11 C2-12

C4Copper

pipe(one)Ribetting

C4-1 C4-2 C4-3 C4-4 C4-5 C4-6 C4-7 C4-8 C4-9 C4-10

C4-11 C4-12 C4-13 C4-14 C4-15 C4-16 C4-17 C4-18 C4-19 C4-20

C4-21

C5Copper

pipe(two)Ribetting

C5-1 C5-2 C5-3 C5-4 C5-5 C5-6 C5-7 C5-8 C5-9 C5-10

C5-11 C5-12 C5-13 C5-14 C5-15 C5-16 C5-17 C5-18

C6Segmentedrhomboid

C6-1 C6-2 C6-3 C6-4


CarbonB

rush

■■ Tolerance for Thickness, Width, and Length (JIS C2802)Toleranceforthethickness,width,andlengthofthebrushaswellasthatoftheinnerdimensionsofthebrushholderareasfollows: Unit: mm

NominalDimensionsBrushthickness/widthtolerance Holderinnerdimensiontolerance Spacebetweenbrush/holder Brushlength

toleranceMaximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum

1.6/2/2.5 -0.09 -0.03 +0.05 +0.01 0.14 0.04 ±0.3

3.2 -0.09 -0.03 +0.07 +0.02 0.16 0.05 ±0.3

4/5 -0.11 -0.03 +0.07 +0.02 0.18 0.05 ±0.3

6.3/8/10 -0.11 -0.03 +0.09 +0.03 0.20 0.06 ±0.3

12.5/16 -0.13 -0.04 +0.10 +0.03 0.23 0.07 ±0.5

20/25 -0.13 -0.04 +0.12 +0.04 0.25 0.08 ±0.5

32/40/50 -0.15 -0.05 +0.15 +0.05 0.30 0.10 ±0.8

64/80 -0.15 -0.05 +0.18 +0.06 0.33 0.11 ±0.8

100/125 — — — — — — ±1.0

*Segmentbrushthicknesstoleranceofupto0.02mmispermissibleunlessotherwisespecified. However,notethatthemaximumdimensionsofthebrushcannotbealtered.

Displayexample 16 – 0.04 X 25 – 0.04 X 40 ±0.8(twopieces)

– 0.15 – 0.13

*Forbrushesthathashigherthermalexpansion,suchasmetalgraphitebrushes,theheatexpansiondimensionsoftheabovenominaldimensionscanbereducedandtheabovetoleranceapplied.Thisisuptothediscretionofthemanufacturer,andagreementmustbereachedwiththeuser.Notethatthenominaldimensionsinsuchcaseswillbedisplayedasinthetable.Letters“a”and“b”intheexamplesrefertoheatexpansion.

Displayexample 16 – (0.14 + a) X 25 – (0.04 + b) X 40 ±0.8– (0.13 + a) – (0.13 + b)

*Tolerancefortheinnerdimensionsoftheholderapplytobrushthicknessandwidthdirectionfortheperpendicular-shapedholder.However,foritemssuchasbacklashholders,whichdonotdependontheintervalbetweenbrushandholderforbrushstability,themaximumspecificationoftheintervalthicknessdirectioncanbealtereduponagreementwiththeuser.


CarbonB

rush

Design Data■■ Lead Wire Structure (JIS C2802)

Nominalcross-section

mm2

Recommendedvalues Reference

MaximumOD

Minimumweight

Independentwirediameter0.05mm Independentwirediameter0.08mm Independentwirediameter0.10mm Allowablecurrent+15%-10%

Numberofwires/wirediameters

Cross-section

calculation


Cross-section

calculation


Cross-section

calculation

mm g/m mm mm2 mm mm2 mm mm2 A

0.06 0.5 0.48 3/10/0.05 0.06 12/0.08 0.06 — — 2

0.10* 0.6 0.72 3/17/0.05 0.10 20/0.08 0.10 — — 3

0.15* 0.7 1.00 3/26/0.05 0.15 30/0.08 0.15 — — 4

0.20* 0.8 1.40 3/34/0.05 0.20 40/0.08 0.20 — — 4.8

0.25 1.0 2.00 3/42/0.05 0.25 3/17/0.08 0.26 — — 5.5

0.30 1.1 2.20 3/51/0.05 0.30 3/20/0.08 0.30 — — 6

0.35 1.1 2.80 3/60/0.05 0.35 3/23/0.08 0.35 3/15/0.10 0.35 7

0.40 1.2 2.90 — — 3/27/0.08 0.41 3/17/0.10 0.40 8

0.50 1.3 4.00 — — 3/33/0.08 0.50 3/21/0.10 0.49 9

0.75* 1.6 5.60 — — 3/50/0.08 0.75 3/32/0.10 0.75 12

0.90 1.7 6.50 — — 7/26/0.08 0.91 7/16/0.10 0.88 13

1.00 1.8 8.00 — — 7/28/0.08 0.99 7/18/0.10 0.99 15

1.25 2.0 10 — — 7/36/0.08 1.27 7/23/0.10 1.26 17.5

1.40 2.1 11 — — 7/40/0.08 1.41 7/25/0.10 1.37 19

1.50* 2.2 13 — — 7/43/0.08 1.51 7/27/0.10 1.48 20

2.00 2.4 16 — — 7/57/0.08 2.01 7/36/0.10 1.98 24

2.50 2.7 20 — — 7/71/0.08 2.50 7/46/0.10 2.53 28

3.20 3.0 26 — — 7/91/0.08 3.20 7/58/0.10 3.19 32

3.50 3.2 28 — — 7/100/0.08 3.52 7/64/0.10 3.52 34

4.00 3.3 32 — — 7/114/0.08 4.01 7/73/0.10 4.01 38

4.50 3.5 36 — — 7/127/0.08 4.47 7/82/0.10 4.15 40

5.50 3.7 44 — — 7/157/0.08 5.52 7/100/0.10 5.50 45

6.00 4.2 48 — — 7/170/0.08 5.98 7/109/0.10 5.99 50

6.50 4.4 52 — — — — 7/119/0.10 6.54 53

8.00 4.7 64 — — — — 7/146/0.10 8.03 60

10.00 5.3 80 — — — — 7/182/0.10 10.01 75

12.50 5.9 100 — — — — 7/7/32/0.10 12.32 85

16.00 6.7 128 — — — — 7/7/42/0.10 16.16 100

*FiguresbasedonJISC3664standards(IEC60228).*Thematerialofleadwirehaving0.05/0.08mmindependentdiameterisbasedonJIS3103whileleadwirehaving0.10mmindependentdiameterisbasedonJIS3102.*Wheretheleadwireisfittedintoatube,leadwirethicknesscanbeadjusteduponagreementwiththeuser.*Wherethereisapossibilityofexcesscurrentorinsufficientcoolingcapability,adjusttheleadwirethicknessuponagreementwiththeuser.


CarbonB

rush

■■ Terminal shape and dimensions (JIS C2802) Unit: mm

Number DimensionaldiagramsInstallation

screw(meterscrew)

Dimensions

d B G L t

T-1T-2

B BG

t

d

d G

L L

t

T-1 T-2

3 3.5+0.2–0.2

8±0.3 4 12±1 0.50.8

4 4.5+0.3–0.1

10±0.3 5 15±1 0.8

5 5.5+0.3–0.1

13±0.4 6.5 20±1 0.81.0

6 6.5+0.3–0.1

16±0.4 8 24±1 1.0

8 8.5+0.3–0.1

19±0.5 9.5 29±1 1.01.2

10 10.5+0.3–0.1

23±0.5 12 40±1 1.2

T-13

B

G

td

L

T-3

5 5.5+0.3–0.1

13±0.8 6.5 20±1.5 0.40.5

6 6.5+0.3–0.1

16±0.8 8 24±1.5 0.40.5

8 8.5+0.3–0.1

19±1 9.5 29±1.5 0.40.5

T-4T-5

B

G

td

L

B

G

t

d

L

T-4 T-5

3 3.5+0.2–0.2

8±0.3 4 >8 0.50.8

4 4.5+0.3–0.1

10±0.3 5 >10 0.8

5 5.5+0.3–0.1

13±0.4 6.5 >13 0.81.0

6 6.5+0.3–0.1

16±0.4 8 >16 1.0

8 8.5+0.3–0.1

19±0.5 9.5 >19 1.01.2

10 10.5+0.3–0.1

23±0.5 12 >25 1.2

T-6T-7

B

Gt

d

L

B

Gt

d

L

T-6 T-7

5 5.5+0.3–0.1

13±0.8 6.5 20±1 0.40.5

6 6.5+0.3–0.1

16±0.8 8 24±1 0.40.5

8 8.5+0.3–0.1

19±1 9.5 29±1 0.60.8

10 10.5+0.4–0.1

23±1 11.5 35±1 0.60.8

T-8T-9

L

Gt

d

B

L

Gd

B

T-8 T-9

4 4.5+0.3–0.1

10±1 5 >10 0.81.0

5 5.5+0.3–0.1

14±1 7 >12 0.81.0

6 6.5+0.3–0.1

16±1 8 >14 1.01.2

8 8.5+0.3–0.1

20±1 10 >18 1.01.2

10 10.5+0.3–0.1

23±1 12 >26 1.2

*Wherethereisnotoleranceindicated(excludingt),itistheGdimension±10%*ThetdimensionsforT-8canbe1.2forscrewnumbers4and5,and1.5forscrewnumbers6and8.


Surface Improvement Products/New Developed Products/Technical Services

At Toyo Tanso, we believe in the boundless possibilities of carbon,and our basic and applied research initiatives never stop.

Surface Improvement Products· PYROGRAPH™ Products 55· PERMA KOTE™ Products 56· GLASTIX KOTE™ Products 59· Toyo Siliconized Graphite 60

New Developed Products 61

Technical Services 64

Analytical technologies 67

Ohwada Carbon Products 69


SurfaceIm

provement

Products

Surface Improvement ProductsPYROGRAPH™ ProductsPYROGRAPH™isaproductcreatedbycoatingthesurfaceofhighlypurifiedisotropicgraphitewithafinelayerofpyrolyticcarbonbymeansofaproprietaryToyoTansoChemicalVaporDeposition(CVD)process.

■■ PYROGRAPH™ Characteristics

■● thepyrolyticcarbonlayerisextremelyfine■● ultrapure■● thelayercoatingensuresextremelylowgaspermeability■● excellentcorrosionresistanceagainstgas■● excellentoxidationresistanceatlowtemperatures■● excellentheatresistance■● preventsthepartingandscatteringofgraphiteparticles,andtheemissionofgasandimpuritiesfromthegraphitesubstrate

■■ Application

■● Singlecrystalsiliconmanufacturingequipment■● Tubeforatomicabsorptionspectroscopy■● OLEDmanufacturingequipment

■■ PYROGRAPH™ Property Data


Element Content

B <0.01

Na 0.03

Al 0.02

Cr <0.10

Fe <0.01

Ni <0.01

*Measurementmethod:GlowDischargeMassSpectrometry*Thefiguresabovearemeasurementexamples,andarenottobe

guaranteed.

■■ GasPermeability

0 20 40 60 80

1

10-2

10-4

10-6

10-8

10-10

10-12

CoatingThickness[μm]

Gas

Per

mea

bilit

y[m

2 /s]

MeasurementExample

PYROGRAPH™CrossSection 20 µm

Thecolumn-shapedstructureofthepyrolyticcarbonlayermeansthatthestructureisextremelyfine.

■■ GeneralPhysicalProperties

Item UnitParallelto

CoatingSurfacePerpendiculartoCoatingSurface

BulkDensity Mg/m3 2.2 2.2

Hardness HSD 100 —


μΩ·m 2.00to4.00 2to5x103


10-6/K 1.7 28

TensileStrength MPa 98to147Extremely

weak

Young'sModulus GPa 29to39 —

ThermalConductivity

W/(m·K) 170to420 2to4

*ThetemperaturerangeforthecoefficientofthermalexpansionisRTto1,000°C.

*Thefiguresaboveareextractedfromotherpublications,andarenottobeguaranteed.

■■ Emissivity

0 500 1000 1500 2000

100

80

60

40

20

0

Temperature[°C]

Em

issi

vity

[%]

MeasurementExample


SurfaceIm

provement

Products

PERMA KOTE™ ProductsPERMAKOTE™isaproductcreatedbycoatingthesurfaceofhighlypurifiedisotropicgraphitewithafinelayerofsiliconcarbidebymeansofaproprietaryToyoTansoChemicalVaporDeposition(CVD)process.

■■ PERMA KOTE™ Characteristics

■● Thesiliconcarbidelayerhasexcellentoxidationresistance,corrosionresistanceandchemicalresistance.■● Thesiliconcarbidelayerisstableathightemperaturesandisextremelyhard.■● Preventsthepartingandscatteringofgraphiteparticles,andtheemissionofgasandimpuritiesfromthegraphitesubstrate.■● Boththegraphitesubstrateandsiliconcarbidelayerareofhighpurity.■● Boththegraphitesubstrateandsiliconcarbidelayerhaveahighthermalconductivity,andexcellentheatdistributionproperties.■● Materialisdesignedsothatcracksanddelaminationdonotoccur.

PERMAKOTE™SurfaceSEM 100 µm

■■ Coating ThicknessThestandardthicknessis120μm;howeverthiscanbemodifiedwithinarangeof20to500μm.

■■ Application

■● Susceptorsforsiliconepitaxialgrowth■● Singlecrystalsiliconmanufacturingequipment■● MOCVDsusceptors■● Heaters■● Heatspreaders■● Oxidationresistancecomponents

SiliconEpitaxialGrowthSystem


SurfaceIm

provement

Products

■■ PERMA KOTE™ Property Data

■■ CorrosionResistance

Name ChemicalFormula Concentration(%) Temperature(°C) Time(h) ChangeinMass(g/m2)

Hydrofluoricacid HF 47 80 144 -1.0

Hydrochloricacid HCl 36 Boilingpoint 144 0

Sulfuricacid H2SO4 97 110 144 0

Nitricacid HNO3 61 Boilingpoint 144 0

Hydrofluoricacid+nitricacid

HF+HNO3(1:1) 100 80 288 -1.0

Nitricacid+sulfuricacid HNO3+H2SO4(1:1) 100 25 288 -1.0

Sodiumhydroxide NaOH 20 80 288 0

Phosphoricacid H3PO4 100 100 192 -1.0

Nitrohydrochloricacid HCl+HNO3(3:1) 100 80 192 0

■■ ReactivitywithVariousSubstances(InaVacuum)

ReactantChemicalFormula

1200°Cx3h 1600°Cx3h

Aluminum Al

Boron B

Cobalt Co

Chromium Cr

Copper Cu

Iron Fe

Molybdenum Mo

Nickel Ni

Lead Pb

Silicon Si

Tin Sn

Tantalum Ta

Titanium Ti

Vanadium V

Tungsten W

Alumina Al2O3

Boronoxide B2O3

Chromiumoxide(III) Cr2O3

Ironoxide(III) Fe2O3

Magnesiumoxide MgO

Manganeseoxide(IV)

MnO2

Leadoxide(II) PbO

Silicondioxide SiO2

Titaniumoxide(IV) TiO2

Vanadiumoxide(V) V2O5

Zirconiumoxide(IV) ZrO2

* ···Noreaction ···Slightreaction ···Reaction ···Significantreaction

■■ LayerProperties

CrystalStructure

ß-SiC(CubicSystem)Structure

:Si:C

BulkDensity 3.2Mg/m3

Hardness 2800HK

ElectricalResistivity0.2Ω·m

(throughthefall-of-potentialmethod)

FlexuralStrength 170MPa(through3-pointbending)

Young'sModulus 320GPa(throughthedeflectionmethod)

*Thefiguresaboveareextractedfromotherpublicationsoraremeasurementexamples,andarenotguaranteed.


Element Content

B 0.15

Na 0.02

Al 0.01

Cr <0.1

Fe 0.02

Ni <0.01

*Measurementmethod:GlowDischargeMassSpectrometry*Thefiguresabovearemeasurementexamplesandarenottobe

guaranteed.


SurfaceIm

provement

Products

■■ SiliconCarbideVaporPressure*Extractedfromtheultrahightemperaturemeltingpointmaterialhandbook

1600 1800 2000 2200 2400

106

104

102

10-0

10-2

10-4

10-6

Temperature[°C]

Vap

orP

ress

ure

[Pa]

PERMAKOTE™isextremelystableathightemperatures.

■■ CoefficientofThermalExpansionforCVD-SiCandSubstrategraphite

0 200 400 600 800 1000

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

Temperature[°C]

Line

arT

herm

alE

xpan

sion

[%] MeasurementExample

SubstrateGraphite

CVD-SiC

■■ GasPermeability

0 20 40 60 80

1

10-2

10-4

10-6

10-8

10-10

10-12

CoatingThickness[μm]

Gas

Per

mea

bilit

y[m

2 /s]

MeasurementExample

Pm=100kPa

■■ Oxidation

0 200 400 500 800

0.10

0.05

0.00

-0.05

1400°C

1100°C

800°C

Time[h]

Mas

sC

hang

eR

atio

[mas

s%]

MeasurementExample

PERMA KOTE™ is resistant to oxidation; and because the SiO2protectivelayerisformedatover800°C,thesubstrategraphiteisprotectedfromoxidation.

■■ ThermalConductivity

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

200

150

100

50

0

Temperature[°C]

Coe

ffici

ento

fThe

rmal

Con

duct

ivity

[W

/(m

·K)]

MeasurementExample

■■ Emissivity

0 500 1000 1500 2000

100

90

80

70

60

Temperature[°C]

Em

issi

vity

[%] MeasurementExample

Ry5100µm


SurfaceIm

provement

Products

Glass-like Carbon Coated GLASTIX KOTE™GLASTIXKOTE™isamaterialimpregnatedorcoatedwithglass-likecarbononagraphiteorneighboringsurface.ItenablesuseofvariousToyoTansographitematerialsasasubstrate,anditdoesnotloseitssubstrateproperties.Notonlydoesthismaterialofferenhanceddurabilityagainstscratchingandotherfriction,italsoreducesthegenerationofdust.

■■ Features

■● AbletousevariousToyoTansographitematerialsasasubstrate.■● Doesnotlosegraphitesubstrateproperties.■● Abletoreducethegenerationofgraphitepowder.■● Enhanceddurabilityagainstscratchingandotherfriction.

“GP2B”Cross-section

CoatLayer

20μm

■■ Application

■● Partsforsiliconsinglecrystalpullingdevices■● Partsforepitaxialgrowth■● Diesforcontinuouscasting■● Glasssealingjigs

■■ Properties/Test Data■■ GeneralPhysicalProperties

GradeBulk

DensityHardness


FlexuralStrength

CompressiveStrength

ISEM-3 0 0 0 0 0

GP1B 0 +3% 0 +8% +3%

GP2Z 0 +3% – +7% +4%

GP2B 0 +3% 0 +13% +3%

*ExampleofphysicalpropertieswhenusingISEM-3asagraphitesubstrateandapplyingGLASTIXKOTE™GPseriesprocessing.(RateofchangewithmeasuredvalueofISEM-3substrateasthestandard)

Testpiecedimensions:10×10×60mm:Bulkdensity,hardness,electricalresistivity,flexuralstrength10×10×10mm:Compressivestrength

■■ DustReductionEffect

ISEM-3 ISEM-3GP1B ISEM-3GP2B

ParticleSize[μm]■ 5 to15■ 15 to25■ 25 to50■ 50 to100■100ormore

Qua

ntity

800,000

700,000

600,000

500,000

400,000

300,000

200,000

100,000

0

GLASTIXKOTE™processingcangreatlyreducetheamountofcarbondustgenerated.*Thisistheresultofmeasuringthenumberoffineparticlesinthecleaning

solution.

■■ ScratchStrengthComparison250

200

150

100

50

0

Crit

ical

Loa

d(g

f)

Graphite GP1B GP2Z GP2B

ThedurabilityagainstscratchingwithGLASTIXKOTE™processingnearlydoubled,andasimilarimprovementinwearresistancecanbeexpected.*Criticalloadindicatestheverticalloadwhenthesurfacebeginstoshow

damage.


SurfaceIm

provement

Products

Toyo Siliconized Graphite SiC/C CompositesToyoSiliconizedgraphiteisamaterialwithacompositelayerofsiliconcarbide(SiC)andgraphite(C).Thematerialhasexcellentpropertiesofbothsiliconcarbideandgraphite,andnotonlyaretheyidealforslidingmaterialapplications,thesurfacelayerofthegraphitesubstrateiscoveredwithafineSiClayer,makingitidealforhigh-temperatureatmosphereapplicationsaswell.

■■ Features

■● SiC/Ccompositelayercanbeappliedtoanentireproductorjusttheareasrequired.■● Compositelayercanbeformedfromthesurfacetodeepwithinthematerial.

[SlidingMaterialApplications]■● Excellentblisterresistanceandenhancedwearandoxidationresistance.■● Graphitesubstratedoesnotloseworkability.

[High-temperatureAtmosphereApplications]■● ASiClayerformsontheprocessingsurface,enhancingoxidationresistanceandreducingscatteringfromthegraphitesubstrate.

Cross-sectionalPhotoofSiC/CCompositeLayer

SiClayer

100 µm

10 µm

SiC/CCompositeLayer

EnlargedPhoto

■■ Application

■● Metallurgicmembers●Mechanicalseals●Bearings

■■ Properties/Test Data■■ DiagramofExampleSiC/CCompositeProduct

DiagramofExampleSiC/CCompositeProduct

SiC/CCompositeLayer

SealRing Bearing

SiC/Ccompositelayercanbeappliedtoanentireproductorjusttheareasrequired.Theinnerdiameterofthebearingcanbeprocessedafterbecomingacomposite,therebyfallingwithinthetolerance.

■■ SlidingApplication(BlisterTest)

ExampleofBlisterFormationExampleofBlisterImprovement

UsingTS-004

Blister

Becausethematerialretainsahighmechanicalstrengthandtheslidingsurfacehasamoderatesurfaceroughness,itiseasytoformalubricatinglayerontheslidingsurface,anditisdifficultforblisterstoformwhenusingliquidoil.

■■ High-temperatureAtmosphereApplication(OxidationLossTest)50

40

30

20

10

0

Oxi

datio

nLo

ssR

ate

[mas

s%]

TSProcessing HighPurityGraphite

1000°Cx2h(Atmosphere)


New

Developed

Products

New Developed ProductsTodeliveruniqueproducts toyou, thecustomer,ToyoTansoworksconstantlyoncutting-edge researchanddevelopment.Bypursuingthepossibilitiesofferedbyalternativestoconventionalmaterials,weconductjointresearchwithusersaroundtheworldandwillcontinuetobeproactivelyinvolvedinproductdevelopmentforgenerationstocome.

■■ Porous Carbon CNovel™

Manufacturedusingouruniquetechnologies,porouscarboncontainsnumerousholesofevensizeofapproximatelyseveraltensofnanometersindiameterandfeaturesaspecialstructureinwhichtheseholesareinterconnected.Unlikeactivatedcarbonandotherexistingporouscarbonmaterials,CNovel™isanewmaterialwithcontrolledmesopores(2to50nm),whichuntilnowhavebeenconsidereddifficulttomanufactureandobtainasanindustrialmaterial.Dependingonpreparationconditions,itispossibleto(1)controlspecificsurfaceareaand(2)adjustporesize.CNovel™isstartingtoattractattentionforuseinapplicationssuchasthoseintheenvironmentandenergysectorandinmachineapplications,inwhichithasconventionallybeendifficulttouseporouscarbonmaterials,inadditiontoconventionalactivatedcarbonapplications.

Productappearance

Imageoftransmissionelectronmicroscope

■■ Metal Carbide-coated Graphite MetalizeKote™

MetalizeKote™isacoatingproductthatformsalayerofmetalcarbide(carbonizedmetal)onthesurfaceofagraphitematerialviaaproprietaryToyoTansomethod,andisavailableinCr-andFe-basedcoatings.Theformationofametalcarbidecausesthegraphitesurfacetobecomemetal-like,making itpossibletoprevent thegenerationofgraphiteparticlesaswellascontrol thecarburization(denaturation)oftheothermaterial.Utilizingthisproperty,MetalizeKote™isstartingtoattractattentionforuseinjigandindustrialfurnaceapplications,inwhichithasconventionallynotbeenpossibletousegraphitematerialsandcoatingproducts.

Productappearance

SEMcross-sectionimage


New

Developed

Products

■■ TaC-coated Graphite EVEREDKOTE™-BInrecentyears,siliconcarbide(SiC),galliumnitride(GaN),aluminumnitride(AlN),zincoxide(ZnO),andothermaterialshaveattractedattentionasnext-generationpowerdevices.Thesemonocrystallinemanufacturingprocessesinvolvehightemperaturesandharshenvironmentsusingcorrosivegasessuchasammoniaandhydrogenchloride.Theuseofconventionalcomponentsunder such environmental conditions shortens lifetimes due to heat and corrosive gases. EVEREDKOTE™-B is a compositematerialconsistingofagraphitematerialcoatedwithTaC.Withameltingpointofapproximately4,000°C,thisTaCcoatingprovidesultra-highthermaldurability.Moreover,it iscrack-freeandhasexcellentthermalshockresistance.ThesepropertiesoftheTaCcoatingprotectthegraphitesubstrate,extendingcomponentlife.

Productappearance SEMcross-sectionimage

■■ TaC-Ta Composite EVEREDKOTE™-KEVEREDKOTE™-KisacompositematerialjointlydevelopedwithKwanseiGakuinUniversitythatconsistsoftantalumcarburizedsothatthesurfaceformsalayerofTaC.LikeEVEREDKOTE™-B,EVEREDKOTE™-Khashigh-temperaturecharacteristics,andmoreoverhasmanyothercharacteristicssuchasseizeresistanceandmechanicalstrength. Itcan thereforebeused inhigh-temperatureenvironmentssuchasthoseexperiencedbystructuralpartsusedinfurnaceinteriors.

Productappearance SEMcross-sectionimage

■■ Metal/Carbon Composites KLASTA MATE™

KLASTAMATE™hasastructure inwhichmetal ishomogeneouslydispersed inacarbonmaterial. Itcanbeusedwithawiderangeofdopantspeciesandconcentrationsaswellaswithtwoormoreelements.Likegraphite,KLASTAMATE™hasexcellentworkability and canbeprocessed into complex shapes.Asa vapor source for arc discharge,KLASTAMATE™ is suitable formanufacturingmetallofullerenesandcarbonnanotubes.Moreover,asavaporsourceforarcionplatingandatargetmaterialforsputtering,itisalsosuitedtometal-dopedDLCfilmformation.

Productappearance


New

Developed

Products


TechnicalServices

Technical ServicesToyoTansocanoffervariousmachiningortreatmentsformaterialswhichcustomersupplies.Ouroutstandingtechnologiesbasedoncarbonmanufacturingenableustorespondtothehighexpectationsofcustomersrequest,suchashighdifficultmanufacturing,qualityprogressofmaterials.

■■ Graphite and Carbon machining

■● Highdifficultymachining

• Thin-wallmachiningWecansuccessfullyperformchallengingthin-wallmachiningworkbyoptimizingjigsandmachiningmethods.(Example:Hollowcylinderwiththicknessof0.2mm)

• 3DmachiningWe prepare a 3D model based on drawings and write programs tomanufacture the desired product. Upon request, we are also able tomeasure an actual product and produce items based on the actualdimensions.

• Specialinternal-diametermachiningWe can perform special, internal-diameter machining work to makemonolithicitemswithoutcuttingtheworkpieceintosections.(Maximummachinabledimensions:ø300mmL=400mm)

Thin-wallmachining 3DMachining

Specialinternal-diametermachining

■● AssemblyServices

• GraphiteassemblyOurabilitytomanufactureproductsfromthedesignstagerightthroughto the machining and assembly stages allows us to put productstogetherandconductoperationtestsafterassembly.

• C/CcompositeassemblyOurabilitytomanufactureproductsfromthedesignstagerightthroughtothemachiningandassemblystagesallowsustoshipproductsaftercheckingassemblyprecision.

Graphiteassembly

C/Ccompositeassembly

■● Othermachinings

• LargesealingringsWecanproducesealingringsforlargemachinery,whicharenotoriouslyhard tomanufacture.Byproducingproductswithpreciseparallelism,flatness, surface roughness, and other, we ensure that our sealingringsareabletomaintainhighlyairtightseals.(Maximummachinablediameter:ø500mm)

• ShrinkfittingandassemblyWecanshrinkfitcarbonandmetal,andcanalsoassembleproductsusingadhesion.(Maximummachinablediameter:Uptoø600mm)

• SectionalmachiningWecanperformsophisticatedmachiningtaskssuchasensuringthatthere are no gaps (no light leakage) between mating surfaces, asrequired in sectioned products used in compressor piston rings andsimilar applications. Consult us regarding shapes and numbers ofsections.(Maximummachinablediameter:ø1,400mm)

• PorousmaterialsBy using a multi-head machining center we are able to precision-machineverydemandingporousitemsquickly.

• VanesFrom mass-produced products for automobiles to low-volume made-to-orderproducts forgeneral industry,wecanproduceawide rangeofvanes—whichrequireverydemandingdimensionalprecision—withconsistentquality.

Largesealingrings

Shrinkfittingandassembly

Sectionalmachining

Porousmaterials

Vanes


TechnicalServices

■■ Heat Treatment

■● BakingTreatment

• Heattreatmentupto1000°CWecanconductheattreatment(atatemperatureofuptoaround1000°C)undernon-oxidizingatmospheres.Evenwhenorganicgasesareproduced,wecantakemeasuresforit.

■● GraphitizingTreatment

• Heattreatmentupto3000°CWecanconductheattreatment(atatemperatureofuptoaround3000°C),fillingsuppliedmaterialtogetherwithcokepowderintothefurnace,andthenapplyingelectricalresistanceheating.

■● VariousHeatTreatments

• ToyoTanso’svariousheattreatmentVariousheattreatmentsusingtreatmentfurnacesotherthanthosedescribedabovearealsoavailable.

Article ConditionsforHeatTreatment

TreatmentMethodVacuum

TreatmentN2orAr

TreatmentH2Treatment

HalogenTreatment

Availablesize(mm) 1500Wx1400Hx2000L ø1050x830H

MAXTemperature(°C)

2000 2300 1500

PressureVacuum

(Lessthan0.5 KPa)

DecompressionControl

(20to86KPa)NormalPressure

■■ High Purity TreatmentByheattreatingagraphitematerialinahalogengasenvironment,impurities in materials are removed. Using high purity treatmentmakesitpossibletokeepmetalimpuritiesinthegraphitematerialto5ppmorbelow.

Article ConditionsforHighPurification

Temperature(°C) «MAX»2300

AvailableSize(mm) 1500Wx1400Hx2000L

Thickness Dependsonthegradeofproduct

Purity(massppm) Lessthan5

*ThetreatmentresultsabovewereobtainedusingToyoTansographitematerial.

■■ Surface Improvement

■● SiCCoatingPERMAKOTE™

Adenselayerofsiliconcarbide(SiC)iscreatedviachemicalvapordeposition(CVD).ProtectssubstratefromambientenvironmentControlsgenerationofparticlesandgasfromsubstrateAllowsmodification,etc.,ofsubstratesurfaceMaximumdimensions:ø1,050x830mm

PERMAKOTE™SurfaceSEM

100 µm

Article ConditionsforSiCCoating

MAXsize(mm) ø1050x830H

ThicknessofSiClayer(μm)

120±30

Metalimpuritiescontent(massppm)*byGDMSmethod

B:0.15/Na:0.02Al:0.01/Cr:<0.1

Fe:0.02/Ni:<0.01

*PleaseconsultondecidingthethicknessofSiClayer.

■● PyrolyticGraphiteCoatingPYROGRAPH™

Pyrolyticcarboniscoatedviachemicalvapordeposition(CVD).ImprovesgasimpermeabilityControlsgenerationofparticlesandgasfromsubstrateImproveschemicalresistance

PYROGRAPH™CrossSection

Thecolumn-shapedstructureofthepyrolyticcarbonlayermeansthatthestructureisextremelyfine.

20 µm

■● Glasslikecarbon

Glasslikecarbonimpregnatesorcoversthesubstrate.ImprovesgasimpermeabilityControlsgenerationofparticlesfromsubstrate

GlasslikeCarbonCrossSection

■● SiC/Ccompostes

TechnologydevelopedutilizingToyoTanso’sisotropicgraphitemanufacturingtechnologyandsiliconcarbide(SiC)researchresults.

StructureofSiC/Ccompositelayer


TechnicalServices

■■ Impregnation

■● Pitchimpregnation

• Pressure-basedpitchimpregnationtreatmentWecanimpregnatetheporositiesinthesuppliedmaterialwithpitchbypressureandcanalsobeaddbakingtocarbonizeit.Example applications: Refractory materials, electrode materials, ceramics, etc., inapplicationssuchasincreasingproductsize,newproductdevelopment,andmore.

■● Metalimpregnation

Wecanimpregnatetheporositiesinthesuppliedmaterialwithmetal(copper,metalscontainingcopper,andantimony)bypressureunderhightemperature.Improvementofstrength,electricalconductivity,thermalconductivity,andimpermeability

■● Resinimpregnation

Wecanimpregnatetheporositiesinthesuppliedmaterialwithresin(phenolandfuranresins)bypressureunderroomtemperatureandthenheatit(atatemperatureofuptoaround250°C).Improvesstrengthandimpermeability(airtightness)

■■ Forming

■● Hydraulicforming

ColdIsostaticPressing(CIP)iswidely-acceptedasaneffectivemoldingmethodinthefieldsofceramics,refractoriesandpowdermetallurgy.Wecanconductpowdermoldingintovariousshapesbyapplyinguniformpressure.

■■ Measurement

■● Dimensionmeasurement

• 3Dmeasurementmachine(contacttype)Weusemanualequipment,automaticCNCmeasurementequipment,andotherequipment,tomeasureobjectswithdimensionsofup to1,600 (X)x3,000 (Y)x1,200 (Z)mm.Wealsohavemicroscopes,andprobesassmallasø0.5mm(contact),allowinghighprecisionmeasurementofavarietyofshapesregardlessofworkpiecesize.

Crysta-Apex(MitutoyoCorporation)Specification1.MeasurementRange(X.Y.Z)

Maxsize1600x3000x1200mm2.Maxweight3500kg3.Accuracy(μm)MPEE6.0+5.5L/1000

• CNCimagemeasurementequipment(non-contacttype)We perform non-contact measurement using CCD cameras and laser equipment. Thisensuresthatthereisnoplasticdeformationoftheworkpieceduetomeasurementpressure,allowingstable,high-precisionmeasurement.Workpiecesaslargeas1,500x1,750x100mm(X,Y,Z)canbemeasured.

QVACCEL(MitutoyoCorporation)Specification1.MeasurementRange(X.Y.Z)

Maxsize1500x1750x100mm2.Maxweight50kg3.Accuracy(μm)MesurementAccuracyofFlantness(X.Y)3.5+4L/1000


Analyticaltechnologies

Analytical technologiesToyoTansoemploysanalyticaltechnologiesusingadiverserangeofanalysisequipmenttodevelopnewmaterialsandpursueresearchanddevelopmentintomaterialdesignandnewapplications.Wealsorespondtoawiderangeofcustomerrequestssuchasmanufacturingprocessimprovement,andalsocontributetoidentifyingandproblemsolving.Inthisway,wecontinuallystrivetoprovidebetterproductsandmoresophisticatedtechnologiesandservicesthroughanalyticaltechnologies.

■■ Thermal analysisGraphitematerialhasexcellent thermaldurability,andas it isoftenused inhigh-temperatureenvironments,itisimportanttounderstandthewayitbehaveswhenheatisappliedtoamaterial.ToyoTansohasawide varietyof thermal analysisequipment (TMA,TG-DTA,etc.), andcanprovidedatatomeetyourusageconditions.Basedonthisdata,weprovidearangeofservicesthatcanhelpwithmaterialselectionincluding:heatstresscalculationandFEManalysis,etc.,forcomponentdesign;analysisofchemicalreactionsandstatechangesduetoheat;andanalysisofmaterialwearinoxidizingatmospheres.

■■ Structural and surface analysisGraphitematerialispolycrystallineandporousinnature,anddiffersgreatlyintermsofsurfaceshapeand internal structuredue todifferences in rawmaterialsandmanufacturingmethods.Toselectanddevelopmaterialssuitedtoyourapplication, it isthereforeimportanttohaveanunderstandingofavarietyofstructures.ToyoTansousesallsortsofmeasurementequipmentsuited to these analyses (XRD, FE-SEM, polarizing microscopes, etc.,) depending on thepurpose,andconductsarangeofanalysisfromthemacrotothenanoscalelevel.

■■ Element analysisAs graphite materials can be made with a high degree of purity, they are frequently used inapplications where it is necessary to avoid contaminants such as semiconductor fabricationequipment.Inapplicationswhereahighdegreeofpurityisrequired,analysisoftracecontaminantsisanimportantanalysistool.ToyoTansohasavarietyofelementanalysisequipment(ICP-OES,XRF,etc.,)andisreadytorespondtoyourrequests.

■■ Physical properties Weprovidedataonbasicphysicalpropertiessuchastensile,compression,andflexuralstrengthaswellasmodulusofelasticity,allofwhichareessentialforcomponent/materialdesign.


Analyticaltechnologies

■■ 3D CAD drawingsToyoTansorecreatesthree-dimensionalimagesofproductsonacomputervia3DCAD,andimprovesthequalityofthefinishedproductbycheckingshapedetailsbeforeproductprocessing.Wealsoofferdesignsupportvia3DCADbasedonyourschematicdiagramsanddesigninformation.

■■ Finite element method (FEM analysis examples)Byanalyzingheatdeformation,heatstress,currentdensitydistribution,andotherfactorsincomplexproductshapesusingFEMcomputersimulationsdependingonyourenvironment,ToyoTansoofferscomprehensivesupportofdesignprocessesforimprovingproductperformance,reducingcosts,improvingproductdevelopmentspeed,etc.

■■ ThermalDeformationAnalysisResults

1.50

1.35

1.20

1.05

0.90

0.75

0.60

0.45

0.30

0.15

0.00

1.50

1.20

0.90

0.60

0.30

0.00

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

DeformationAmount(mm)Componentsinalldirections

DeformationAmount(mm)Componentsinalldirections

DeformationAmount(mm)Componentsintheheaterheightdirection

OverallView

FrontView

TopView

■■ CurrentDensityDistributionResults

OverallView300

270

240

210

180

150

120

90

60

30

0

CurrentDensity(A/cm2)

■■ ThermalStressAnalysisResults

GeneratedStress(MPa)

OverallView30

24

18

12

6

0

6

12

18

24

30

TensileStress

CompressiveStress


Ohw

adaCarbon

Products

Lineup of Ohwada Carbon Industry ProductsOhwadaCarbonIndustry,amemberoftheToyoTansogroupofcompanies,manufactures,processes,anddevelopsvariouscarbonproducts,includingisotropicgraphiteproducts,C/Ccomposites,extrudedgraphite,andmoldedgraphite.Theseproductsarebeingwidelyadoptedasthemainpartsofcutting-edgetechnologyinthesemiconductor,automotive,metallurgy,andmechanicalindustries.

■■ Product Lineup(1)IsotropicgraphiteThisgraphitehasamicroparticlecompositionandismanufacturedusingCIPmoldingmethodsforhighdensity,highstrength,andnodirectioninphysicalproperties.Application:semiconductors,hotpress,metallurgy

CompositionProductNumber

BulkDensityMg/m3

HardnessHSD


μΩ-m

FlexuralStrength

MPa

CompressiveStrength

MPa


10-6/K

ThermalConductivity

W/(m·k)

StandardSize(mm)

Graphite

OT-2470B 1.77 51 11.0 39 78 4.5 120 305×620×1000

OT-2475 1.77 57 12.2 43 88 4.7 100 1000×1000×450

OT-2477 1.83 58 10.0 47 103 4.6 130 ø660×900

OT-7660 1.78 63 13.4 52 106 5.6 90 305×620×1000

OP-9068 1.82 80 15.5 76 172 5.6 70 230×540×1000

OT-2450 1.68 45 13.5 36 69 4.2 90 305×620×1000

Note:Highpuritygraphitematerialisindicatedwiththeletter“S”attheendoftheproductnumber.

(2)C/CcompositesThiscompositegraphitematerialhasahighstrengthreinforcedwithcarbonfiber,anditcanbemanufacturedintoaflatorcylindricalmaterial.Application:hotpress,metallurgy

ProductNumber

BulkDensityMg/m3

HardnessHSD


μΩ-m

FlexuralStrength

MPa

CompressiveStrength

MPa

TensileStrength

MPa

Young’sModulus

Gpa


10-6/K

StandardSize(mm)

C/C-201 1.50 80 30 147 225 127 47 1.0 700×970×1to12

C/C-FW 1.50 80 12 245 147 245 60 1.0 ø900(OD)×800(H)

(3)ExtrudedgraphiteThisgraphiteismanufacturedusinganextrusionmoldingmethod,anditcanaccommodatebothlargeandlongsizes.Application:generalindustrialfurnacemembers(heaters,trays,insulationmembers,etc.)


BulkDensityMg/m3

HardnessHSD


μΩ-m

FlexuralStrength

MPa

CompressiveStrength

MPa


10-6/K

ThermalConductivity

W/(m·k)

StandardSize(mm)

Graphite

OT-5200 1.76 41 7.5 27 44 4.4 180 ø500×1800

OT-5220 1.75 35 7.3 29 49 4.0 174 ø100×1500

OT-5200G 1.72 28 5.0 15 32 1.0 200 ø350×1800

OP-4800 1.74 43 7.5 27 44 4.4 150 670×450×1500

OP-4800N 1.73 34 5.0 20 39 1.2 230 670×450×1585

OP-4850 1.75 35 8.0 24 45 3.5 162 560×560×1800

OP-7800H 1.79 45 8.2 22 42 2.1 180 ø770×1900

OP-9001 1.66 30 10.0 13 24 2.7 130 ø960×1000

OP-4600 1.74 35 7.0 21 38 3.4 150 ø700×1800

Carbon OT-520 1.66 60 40.0 31 98 5.5 12 ø500×1800

Note:Highpuritygraphitematerialisindicatedwiththeletter“S”attheendoftheproductnumber.


Ohw

adaCarbon

Products

(4)MoldedgraphiteThisgraphiteismanufacturedusingadiemoldingmethod,anditcanprovidevariouscompositiontypes.Application:jigsforglassproduction,etc.


BulkDensityMg/m3

HardnessHSD


μΩ-m

FlexuralStrength

MPa

CompressiveStrength

MPa


10-6/K

ThermalConductivity

W/(m·k)

StandardSize(mm)

Graphite OP-8430 1.80 60 11.0 50 98 5.0 120 105×320×640

CarbonGraphite OT-670 1.77 72 - 60 185 3.5 - ø140×200

NaturalGraphite OT-104 1.77 12 9.0 10 20 2.0 140 100×419×500

Semi-graphite OP-8420 1.78 96 30.0 59 167 6.0 30 105×320×640

(5)ResinimpregnatedmaterialThisproductismadeofcompositeresin-impregnatedcarbonforenhancedslidingpropertiessuchaswearresistanceandimpermeability.Application:variousslidingmembers(bearings,sealrings,packing)


BulkDensityMg/m3

HardnessHSD

TensileStrength

MPa

FlexuralStrength

MPa

CompressiveStrength

MPa


10-6/K

Heat-resistantTemperature

°C

ElectrographiteResinImpregnated

P-3100 1.90 63 29 52 127 5 250

P-4800 1.85 55 26 40 96 5 250

F-3200 1.88 69 27 49 118 5 250

F-4800 1.83 50 25 38 86 5 250

CarbonGraphiteResinImpregnated

F-670 1.87 87 - 78 240 5 300

(6)CarbonandgraphitepowderWeoffercarbonandgraphitepowderinavarietyofparticlesizes.Application:carbonizedmaterial,fillingmaterial

Composition ProductNumberVolatility

%AshContent

%FixedCarbon

%ParticleSizeRange

ArtificialGraphitePowderTEG200 0.2 0.5 99.0 44μmorless 30to60%

TEG300 0.2 0.5 99.0 44μmorless 80%ormore

CarbonPowder OP-240 1.0 0.5 98.5 106μmorless 90%ormore

ArtificialGraphiteParticle

#20to40 0.5 1.0 98.0 0.35to1.0mm 90%ormore

#1to5 0.5 1.0 98.0 1to5mm 90%ormore

#5to15 0.5 1.0 98.0 5to15mm 80%ormore

*Othergraphitepowdernotlistedhereisalsoavailable.Contactusfordetails.

■■ Examples of Main Applications by Material

Field PartName ApplicableMaterialProductNumber

SemiconductorElectrodesforsilicon(polycrystal)manufacturingequipment OT-2470BS,OT-2475S,OT-2477S

Partsforionimplantationequipment,furnaceparts OT-7660S,OP-9068S,OP-4800NS

HotPress

Hotpressmolds,dies C/C-FW,OP-9068,OT-2477,OT-2475

Punches,pushrods,spacers,cradles OP-9068,OT-2477,OT-2475

C/Cmoldsleeves OT-2477,OP-4800N

Metallurgy

Furnaceparts,trays,samplecases OP-4800,OT-5220,OT-5200,OP-9001,C/C201

Heatingelements OP-4800,OP-4850,OT-2470B

Meltingcrucibles,gasanalysiscrucibles OT-5220,OP-4800,OT-2470B

Jigsforglassbottlesandfusedquartz OP-8420,C/C-201,OT-2470BS

MechanicalMechanicalseals,jointseals

P-3100,F-3200,F-670Bearings,pumprotaryvanes

ElectricalTrolleywheels,sliders P-4800,P-3100,OT-520

ElectrodesforEDM OT-7660

PowderForvariousfillingmaterial TEG200,TEG300,OP-240

Graphiteparticletopreventoxidationandforcarbonizedmaterial #20to40,#1to5,#5to15

·Thelisteddataaretherepresentativepropertiesandarenotguaranteedvalues.·Thelistedproductapplicationsareexamples.Beforeactuallyusingoneofourproducts,pleasebesuretocontactoursalesdepartmenttoconsultonselectingthemost

appropriategrade.

www.toyotanso.co.jp

Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd.http://www.toyotanso.co.jp AE-01-022016.01.1,500

CARBON-GRAPHITE PRODUCTS - TOYO TANSO FRANCE · Carbon has been a part of our life since ancient...

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Transcript of CARBON-GRAPHITE PRODUCTS - TOYO TANSO FRANCE · Carbon has been a part of our life since ancient...