Intro toCarbon FootprintingPiyapong Muenprasertdee

Work Experience

• Environmental Resources Management, Thailand Office• Sustainability and Climate Change Concentration Team

• Assistant Consultant (2008-2011)

• Key Projects• GHG Accounting and Reporting Standard

• For large Oil and Gas company

• Carbon Footprint• PET Resin and Bottle production

• CDM Projects• Hydropower project• Heat recovery generator in cement production

• National GHG Inventory• Hong Kong SAR

• LEED Green Building• An international bank’s new head office in Bangkok

Content

• What is a ‘Carbon Footprint’?

• How do you measure your carbon footprint?

• How is carbon footprint useful?

http://loonpond.blogspot.com/2011/07/lord-monckton-greg-sheridan-gerard.html

What is a‘Carbon Footprint’?

What does the ‘Carbon’ mean?

O2

H2O

The ‘carbon’ mentioned in carbon footprints usually means the carbon that occurs from burning fossil fuels

Other gases and fumes

Carbon Neutral

CO2

CO2

Time

Fossil fuels introduces new CO2 (actually ancient CO2 back) into the atmosphere

CO2 CO2

Time

What is a ‘Carbon Footprint’?

If the world was a beach and our activities are our walking,

• Bigger feet, bigger footprints

• More walking, more footprints

Focus on human activities only

So, the carbon footprint is like a trail of footprints leftover from our activities

The Greenhouse Effect

http://greenhouse-guides.blogspot.com/2011/06/greenhouse-effect-does.html

Do you know that water vapor is also a GHG?

It’s not just CO2, it’s Greenhouse Gases

CO2

CH4

N2O

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

1

21

310

140

to

23,900

100

100

100

100

2,100

31,000

x

x

x

=

=

=

… …x =

……

SUM of tCO2e

+…

…

Kyoto Protocol GHGs (through 2012)

How do you measure tonnes of GHG?

C12 g/mol

CO244 g/mol

O16 g/mol

+ 2 x

+tonnesof GHG

24/7 or Take Samples

Measure the source of GHG

Activity Data Emission Factor GHG Emissionsx =Liters of GasolineTonnes of Cement Productionkm of road driven…

kgCO2 per liter of GasolinetCO2 per tonne of Cement ProductionkgCO2 per km using small car…

Use scientific estimates per level of activity

67,500 kgCO2per TJ (1012 J)

3 kgCH4 per TJ (1012 J)

0.6 kgN2O per TJ (1012 J)

Source: IPCC 2006 Guidelines: Energy Volume

33.1 MJ/Liter

x 67,500 kgCO2per TJ (1012 J)

x 3 kgCH4 per TJ (1012 J)

x 0.6 kgN2O per TJ (1012 J)

= 2.234 kgCO2/Liter

= 0.0000993 kgCH4/Liter

= 0.0000198 kgCO2/Liter

x 1

x 21

x 310

= 2.242 kgCO2e/Liter

GWP

Source: API Compendium 2009

Toyota Camry 3.5L

Tank Size: 17.0 Gallons or 64 Liters

64 Liters x 2.242 kgCO2e/Liter = 143.5 kgCO2e per tank

Emission Factors – Tier Levels

A tier represents a level of methodological complexity

• Tier 1 – basic method

• Use readily available national or international statistics, default emission factors and other additional parameters

• Tier 2 – intermediate method

• Use technology specific statistics

• Tier 3 – most demanding in terms of complexity and

data requirements

• Use site specific statistics

2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Sources of GHG Emissions

1. Fuel Combustion Emissions – emissions resulted from burning fuel

• Stationary Fuel Combustion

• Boilers, generators, etc.

• Mobile Fuel Combustion

• Trains, planes, automobiles, ships, etc.

2. Process Emissions – emissions resulted from chemical reactions

• Plastic production, cement production, etc.

3. Fugitive Emissions – leakage of substances that are on-their-own GHGs

• Natural gas leaks, refrigerant leaks, landfill gases, livestock, etc.

National GHG Inventory

• According to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, the reporting of GHGs are separated into 4 categories

1. Energy• Fuel use, petroleum production, energy

production, transportation, etc.

2. IPPU – Industrial Processes and Product Use• Chemical reactions, uses of GHG-contained products and

chemicals, etc.

3. AFOLU – Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use• Livestock, farming, land utilization, etc.

4. Waste• Domestic waste, landfills, water treatment, waste

management, etc.

CH4

CH4

CH4

CH4

fart...

fart...

FaRR...T…

FAAA…..AAART!!!

Yeah, we contribute to global warming, too, you know?

World GHG Emissions by Sector and Gas (2005)

http://www.wri.org/image/view/11147/_original

Corporate GHG Accounting & Reporting

http://www.crchallenge.org/about/faqs/

How is Carbon Footprint useful?

• Not until we know how much we emit can we determine how to reduce our emissions

• Several global organizations are finding ways to reduce our emissions

• Penalty schemes

• Kyoto Protocol Annex I countries

• Airline carbon fees

• Incentive schemes

• CDM Projects

• Carbon credit exchange markets

Future Topics

• GHG Accounting and Reporting System

• CDM Projects and Carbon Credit Exchange Markets

• Green Buildings

• Green Business Opportunities and Green Entrepreneurs

• Much, much more…

THANK YOU