Carbon Chemistry Properties of Carbon Carbon Compounds Life With Carbon Table of Contents.
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Transcript of Carbon Chemistry Properties of Carbon Carbon Compounds Life With Carbon Table of Contents.
Carbon Chemistry
Properties of Carbon
Carbon Compounds
Life With Carbon
Table of Contents
Carbon Chemistry - Properties of Carbon
Carbon Atoms and Bonding
Carbon atoms and the bonds between them can be modeled in several ways.
Carbon Chemistry - Properties of Carbon
Carbon Atoms and Bonding
Few elements have the ability of carbon to bond with both itself and other elements in so many different ways. With four valence electrons, each carbon atom is able to form four bonds. Carbon atoms can form straight chains, branched chains, and rings.
Carbon Chemistry - Properties of Carbon
Forms of Pure Carbon
Diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and nanotubes are four forms of the element carbon.
Carbon Chemistry
Carbon Bonding Activity
Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about carbon bonding.
- Properties of Carbon
Carbon Chemistry
What You Know
What You Learned
Using Prior KnowledgeBefore you read, look at the section headings and visuals to see what this section is about. Then, write what you know about carbon in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, continue to write what you learn.
1. Carbon atoms have six electrons.2. Diamond is one form of carbon.
1. Carbon has four valence electrons and is able to form four bonds.
2. Diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and nanotubes are four forms of pure carbon.
- Properties of Carbon
Carbon Chemistry
End of Section:Properties of
Carbon
Carbon Chemistry - Carbon Compounds
Carbon Everywhere
Carbon is a part of your daily life. Even during a simple shopping trip, you’ll likely encounter many carbon compounds.
Carbon Chemistry - Carbon Compounds
Organic Compounds
With some exceptions, compounds that contain carbon are called organic compounds. These three lists represent only a few examples of organic compounds.
Carbon Chemistry - Carbon Compounds
Structure and Bonding in Hydrocarbons
A structural formula shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
Carbon Chemistry
Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons
The graph shows the boiling points of several hydrocarbons. (Note: Some points on the y-axis are negative.)
Use the graph to answer the following questions.
- Carbon Compounds
Carbon Chemistry
Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons
Almost in the center of the y-axis
Reading Graphs:
Where is 0ºC on the graph?
- Carbon Compounds
Carbon Chemistry
Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons
C3H8: about –44ºC;C5H12: about 34ºC;C6H14: about 68ºC
Interpreting Data:
What is the approximate boiling point of C3H8? C5H12? C6H14?
- Carbon Compounds
Carbon Chemistry
Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons
About 78ºC
Calculating:
What is the temperature difference between the boiling points of C3H8 and C5H12?
- Carbon Compounds
Carbon Chemistry
Boiling Points of Hydrocarbons
C2H6, C3H8, and C4H10 are gases because their boiling points are below room temperature (about 22ºC). C5H12 and C6H14 may be liquid or solid because hydrocarbons with boiling points higher than 23ºC are not gases at room temperature.
Drawing Conclusions:
At room temperature (about 22ºC), which of the hydrocarbons are solids? Liquids? Gases? How can you tell?
- Carbon Compounds
Carbon Chemistry - Carbon Compounds
Structure and Bonding in Hydrocarbons
Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structures are called isomers. Each isomer is a different substance with its own characteristic properties.
Carbon Chemistry - Carbon Compounds
Structure and Bonding in Hydrocarbons
In addition to forming a single bond, two carbon atoms can form a double bond or a triple bond.
Carbon Chemistry - Carbon Compounds
Substituted Hydrocarbons
A hydroxyl group (–OH) is made of an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom. An alcohol is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one more more hydroxyl groups.
Carbon Chemistry - Carbon Compounds
Substituted Hydrocarbons
An organic acid is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups. A carboxyl group is written as –COOH.
Carbon Chemistry
OutliningAs you read, make an outline about carbon compounds. Use the red headings for the main ideas and the blue headings for the supporting ideas.
Carbon Compounds
I. Organic CompoundsII. Hydrocarbons
A. Properties of HydrocarbonsB. Chemical Formulas of
HydrocarbonsIII. Structure and Bonding in
HydrocarbonsA. Structural FormulasB. IsomersC. Double Bonds and Triple
BondsD. Saturated and Unsaturated
HydrocarbonsIV. Substituted Hydrocarbons
A. Compounds Containing Halogens
B. AlcoholsC. Organic Acids
V. EstersVI. Polymers
- Carbon Compounds
Carbon Chemistry
Hydrocarbons
Click the Video button to watch a movie about hydrocarbons.
- Carbon Compounds
Carbon Chemistry
Carbon Chemistry
Bonding
Click the Video button to watch a movie about bonding.
- Carbon Compounds
Carbon Chemistry
Links on Carbon Compounds
Click the SciLinks button for links on carbon compounds.
- Carbon Compounds
Carbon Chemistry
End of Section:Carbon
Compounds
Carbon Chemistry - Life With Carbon
Carbohydrates
A carbohydrate is an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. One of the most important sugars in the body is the monomer glucose.
Carbon Chemistry - Life With Carbon
Proteins
Different proteins are made when different sequences of amino acids are linked into long chains. Alanine and serine are two of the 20 amino acids, all of which have a similar structure. Each amino acid has a carboxyl group (–COOH) and an amino group (–NH2).
Carbon Chemistry - Life With Carbon
The Molecules of Life
Complex carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are all large organic molecules. They are built of smaller molecules linked in different patterns.
Carbon Chemistry
Question Answer
Asking QuestionsBefore you read, preview the red headings. In a graphic organizer like the one below, ask a what question for each heading. As you read, write answers to your questions.
What is a carbohydrate?A carbohydrate is an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are proteins? Proteins are polymers formed from amino acid monomers.
What are lipids? Lipids are energy-rich compounds made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
What are nucleic acids?Nucleic acids are very large organic molecules made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
What are other compounds in foods?
Other compounds in foods include vitamins, minerals, and water.
- Life With Carbon
Carbon Chemistry
Links on Organic Compounds
Click the SciLinks button for links on organic compounds.
- Life With Carbon
Carbon Chemistry
End of Section:Life With Carbon
Carbon Chemistry
Graphic Organizer
Build and repair body parts
Made from amino acids
Made from nucleotides
Organic molecules
Determine the sequence of amino acids in proteins
Proteins Nucleic AcidsComparing and Contrasting Proteins and Nucleic Acids
Carbon Chemistry
End of Section:Graphic Organizer
