Carbon-Carbon bonds: Hybridization · Gina Peschel Manifestation of Carbon a) Diamond b) Graphite...
Transcript of Carbon-Carbon bonds: Hybridization · Gina Peschel Manifestation of Carbon a) Diamond b) Graphite...
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Gina Peschel
Carbon-Carbon bonds:Hybridization
Gina Peschel05.05.2011
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Gina Peschel
ContentContent
● Manifestation of Carbon
● sp³-, sp²- and sp- Hybridization Graphite and diamond
● Rolled carbon materials● Rehybridization● Reactivity
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Gina Peschel
Manifestation of CarbonManifestation of Carbon
a) Diamondb) Graphitec) Ionsdaleited-f) Fullerenes (C60, C540, C70)g) Amorphous carbon h) Carbon nanotube.
Wikipedia, Stichwort: Kohlenstoff
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Gina Peschel
Bonding of molecular orbitalsBonding of molecular orbitals
http://www.grandienetti.org/Teaching/Chem121/Lectures/MOTheory
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Gina Peschel
HybridizationHybridization
sp³-Hybridization sp²-Hybridization sp-Hybridization
HybridizationHybridization
http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/hybrv18.swf
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Gina Peschel
Ene
rgy
Ground state Excited state sp³-Hybridization
sp³sp³ - Hybridization - Hybridization
http://www2.chemie.uni-erlangen.de/projects/vsc/chemie-mediziner-neu/bindung/hybridisierung.html
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Gina Peschel
sp³sp³ - Hybridization - Hybridization
http://groups.uni-paderbom.de/cc/lehrveranstaltungen/_aac/vorles/skript/kap_4/kap4_1/grafik/sp2-hybrid.gif
=>
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Gina Peschel
sp³sp³ - Hybridization - Hybridization
Diamond
Wikipedia, Stichwort: Kohlenstoffhttp://german.alibaba.com/product-free-img/diamond-saw-blade-brick-master-33502694.html
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Gina Peschel
Bandstructure of diamondBandstructure of diamond
Eg = 5 eV
http://www.diamonds-are-forever.org.uk/diamond-structures.html, ,http://static.cosmiq.de/ ,http://rosenthal-diamonds.comhttp://www.nextnano.de/nextnano3/tutorial/1Dtutorial_TightBinding_bulk_GaAs_GaP.htm
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Gina Peschel
Diamond
ColorHardness
http://german.alibaba.com/product-free-img/diamond-saw-blade-brick-master-33502694.htmlhttp://www.diamonds-are-forever.org.uk/diamond-structures.html, http://www.silverstar-consulting.de/assets/images/gluehbirne.jpg ,http://static.cosmiq.de/ ,http://rosenthal-diamonds.com
Crystal structure
Electr. conductivity
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Gina Peschel
HybridizationHybridization
sp³-Hybridization sp²-Hybridization sp-Hybridization
HybridizationHybridization
http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/hybrv18.swf
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Gina Peschel
sp²sp² - Hybridization - HybridizationE
nerg
y
Ground state Excited state sp²- Hybridization
http://www2.chemie.uni-erlangen.de/projects/vsc/chemie-mediziner-neu/bindung/hybridisierung.htmlhttp://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/724/741576/Instructor_Resources/Chapter_01/Text_Images/FG01_15.JPG
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Gina Peschel
sp²sp² - Hybridization - Hybridization
http://www.grandienetti.org/Teaching/Chem121/Lectures/MOTheoryWikipedia, Stichwort: Kohlenstoff
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Gina Peschel
sp²sp² - Hybridization - Hybridization
Graphite
Wikipedia, Stichwort: Hybridisierunghttp://www.allmystery.de/dateien/uh60967,1273172966,bleistift-6.png
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Gina Peschel
S.Reich, C.Thomson, J. Maultzsch: Carbon Nanotubes, Basic concepts and Physical Properties, 2004, Wiley-VCHhttp://www.physics.leidenuniv.nl/institute/news/image126.jpg http://www.silverstar-consulting.de/assets/images/gluehbirne.jpghttp://gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/minerals/pix/graphite1.jpg
Bandstructure of grapheneBandstructure of graphene
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Gina Peschel
Graphite
ColorHardness
http://www.allmystery.de/dateien/uh60967,1273172966,bleistift-6.pnghttp://www.silverstar-consulting.de/assets/images/gluehbirne.jpghttp://gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/minerals/pix/graphite1.jpg ,http://www.karakal.cz/web/index.php?page=tech
Crystal structure
Electr. conductivity
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Gina Peschel
Diamond and graphite
ColorHardness
http://german.alibaba.com/product-free-img/diamond-saw-blade-brick-master-33502694.htmlhttp://www.allmystery.de/dateien/uh60967,1273172966,bleistift-6.pnghttp://www.diamonds-are-forever.org.uk/diamond-structures.html, http://www.silverstar-consulting.de/assets/images/gluehbirne.jpghttp://gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/minerals/pix/graphite1.jpg ,http://www.karakal.cz/web/index.php?page=tech ,http://rosenthal-diamonds.com
Crystal structure
Electr. conductivity
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Gina Peschel
HybridizationHybridization
sp³-Hybridization sp²-Hybridization sp-Hybridization
HybridizationHybridization
http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/hybrv18.swf
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Gina Peschel
http://www.grandienetti.org/Teaching/Chem121/Lectures/MOTheoryhttp://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/hybrv18.swf
spsp - Hybridization - Hybridization
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Gina Peschelhttp://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/hybrv18.swf
Hybridization - summaryHybridization - summary
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Gina Peschel
Curved carbon materials - Carbon nanotubes Curved carbon materials - Carbon nanotubes
Wikipedia, Stichwort: Carbon Nanotubes
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Gina Peschel
rs1.physik.uni-dortmund.de/sem/c60/kap5.htmOuyang Yuy, Peng Jing-Cui), Wang Hui, Peng Zhi-Hua, 2008 Chinese Phys. B 17 3123
a) Graphene
Curved carbon materials - RehybridizationCurved carbon materials - Rehybridization
- Tilting angles of π-orbitals
- Wavefunction of π- and σ- orbitals
- Degree of hybridization
b) C20
δ = a/(2 √3 d )
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Gina Peschel
Curved carbon materials - Rehybridization Curved carbon materials - Rehybridization
Graphene
a) Antibinding π* orbital(conduction band)
b) Binding π orbital(valence band)
Carbon nanotube
Rehybridization orbital
S.Reich, C.Thomson, J. Maultzsch: Carbon Nanotubes, Basic concepts and Physical Properties, 2004, Wiley-VCH
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Gina Peschel
ReactivityReactivity
Curved carbon materials - Reactivity Curved carbon materials - Reactivity
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Gina Peschel
Curved carbon materialsCurved carbon materialsCurved carbon materials - Reactivity Curved carbon materials - Reactivity
S. Niyogi et al., Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35, 1105-1113
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Gina PeschelS. Park et al., Nano letters 2003, Vol.3, No.9 1273-1277
Curved carbon materials - Reactivity Curved carbon materials - Reactivity
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Gina Peschel
Curved carbon materials - Reactivity Curved carbon materials - Reactivity
http://www.ifkp.tu-berlin.de/menue/arbeitsgruppen/ag_thomsenhttp://nepachem.blogspot.com/2010/12/short-introduction-on-carbon-nano-tube.html
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Gina Peschel
Curved carbon materials - FullereneCurved carbon materials - Fullerene
http://www.chemie.uni-erlangen.de/hirsch/
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Gina Peschel
SummarySummary
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Gina Peschel
Thank you for your attention!