Carbon, Capture And Storage. Capture and Storage Not quite this simple:
Carbon Capture & Storage
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Transcript of Carbon Capture & Storage
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CARBON CAPTURE & STORAGE(CCS)
• Why Carbon Sequestration ?• Inter Governmental Panel for Climate Change
(IPCC) report 2005• Role of Petroleum industry in the Process• Is CCS promising
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OVERALL CCS PROCESS
• Source location• Capture process• Separation process• Compression • Transportation• Injection• Storage
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CAPTURE PROCESS
• Pre combustion capture• Post combustion capture• Flue gas separation• Oxy fuel combustion
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POWER & HEAT
POWER & HEAT
AIR SEPRATION
UNIT
POWER & HEAT
SERATION BODY
REFORMER + CO2 SEP
CO2 COMPRESSION DEHYDRATION
TRANSPORTATION
Post combustion
Pre combustion
Oxy fuel
air
air
Flue gases
co2
co2
co2
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POST COMBUSTION CAPTURE
• Designed to separate co2 from flue gas produced by fossil fuel combustion
• Present technology– Amino acid absorption– Monoethanolamine absorption
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PRE COMBUSTION CAPTURE
• Fuel is combusted in presence of oxygen• Used in coal gasification combined cycle
power plants• Highly conc CO2 obtained• CO2 containing steam is at elevated pressure
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STORAGE OPTIONS
• Geological storage– Depleted oil and gas reservoir– Enhanced oil recovery– Unmineable coal seams– Deep saline formations
• Ocean storageAs dissolved co2As co2 lake
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•Enhanced oil recoverymature technologyco2 temporary stored
•Depleted oil & gas reservoir•Most widely used currently•Disposing acid gas & other byproduct of oil &gas exploration•Reservoir should be isolated and have sufficient porosity
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• Unmineable coal seams– CO2 can enhance coal bed methane recovery–Methane removal offset the cost of CO2
storage operation
• Deep saline formations– These reservoirs are widely spread– CO2 density depends on depth of injection– Either trapped in cap rock above aquifer– Or CO2 may be dissolved by reacting
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• Ocean storage– Largest potential sink for CO2–40,000 gtc in ocean & 750 gtc in atm– If CO2 released below 3000m it will sink and
form CO2 lake– If injected at 1500-3000 m it will dissolve in
ocean water–Can be injected in form of bicarbonate ion at
>200m
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CCS IN INDIAN COAL SEAMS(A case study)
• India has huge coal reserve• Unmineable coal seam as large potential for
CBM• CO2 replaces CBM• 99% of Indian coal reserve belong to
Gondwana basin• 4 category of coal basin
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• Coal has dual porosity (macro pore & micro pore )
• Coal has extra affinity for CO2 than methane• Study was conducted on 3000ft * 2400ft * 30ft
block• CO2 injected in block• Cumulative gas injection for 20 yr depicted
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•Rate of gas injection is high during initial years•Peak is obtained within months of injection
Cumulative CO2 injection with time
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Cumulative CBM production with time Rate of water production with time
•Injection of co2 provides extra drive mechanism for methane release
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• Water production rate shows decline• After few months reservoir is dry• Now CBM can be released by gas injection
only• CO2 is best option
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Review of some techniques economically not suited to CCS
• Adsorption• Self assembled nanoporous materials• Membrane process• Cryogenic or refrigeration oriented
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PROPOSED TECHNIQUES
1.Fast shaking truck– Use of transition metals for adsorption– Sonic chemistry for desorption
2. PH swing• PH maintained alkaline
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3. Melting point swing• Salt hydrate used
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CONCLUSION
• Economic• Technical• Environmental • Social
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REFRENCES• David Thomas & Sally Benson CO2 capture and storage project, 2005, • CCS from fossil fuel use, Massachuesetts institute of technology, Howard Herzog & Dan Golomb• American petroleum institute, compendium for green house gas emission Methodologies for oil
& gas industry• V.Vishal, T.N Singh, IIT, Carbon capture and storage Indian coal seams, CMTC 151614, feb 2012• K.Ritter, S. Crookshank, API, Carbon capture and storage, CMTC151437, feb 2012• J.Gholinezad, Heriot-watt universuity, pre combustion captur of co2 from capture from synthesis
gas mixture , SPE143580, may 2011• A.A.Espie, BP Exploration, co2 capture and storage: contributing to sustainable world growth,
IPTC 10936, nov2005• J.P.Cifemo, national energy technology laboratory, US DOE , post combustion carbon capture
R&D programme, CMTC 151635, feb 2012• S.Wong, W.D.Gunter, Alberta research council, Economics of co2 sequestration in CBM reservoirs,
SPE 59785, april 2000• H.Ida, M.Ono, N.Takasu, National Institute of advanced industrial science/technology, CO2
capture technology using semi-clathrate hydrates. CMTC 151123, feb 2012
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ByManish KumarRamanandDept of Petroleum engg.
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