Carbon Capture and StorageCarbon Capture and Storage

Kathryn MooreKathryn MooreChemical Engineering UndergraduateChemical Engineering Undergraduate

University of Texas at AustinUniversity of Texas at AustinNovember 20, 2007November 20, 2007

Image: http://i.treehugger.com/files/th_images/carbon-dioxide-01.jpg

Capture TechnologiesCapture TechnologiesChemical AbsorptionChemical AbsorptionPolymer MembranePolymer MembraneCryogenic FractionationCryogenic FractionationPressure Swing AdsorptionPressure Swing Adsorption

Storage TechnologiesStorage TechnologiesOcean SequestrationOcean SequestrationGeological SequestrationGeological Sequestration

Future TechnologiesFuture TechnologiesReduction of COReduction of CO22 into Useful Fuels into Useful FuelsReduction of COReduction of CO22 into Formic Acid into Formic Acid

Chemical AbsorptionChemical Absorption

Most widely used Most widely used method of separationmethod of separation

Used for low Used for low concentrations of concentrations of COCO2 2 in the flue gasin the flue gas

Common Solvent is Common Solvent is MEAMEA

Steps to AbsorptionSteps to Absorption

ABSORBER

STRIPPER

Flue Gas

RB

Rich

Lean

Image: Chemical Absorption Process (USDOE “Scrubbing”)

CARBON CAPTURE:

Polymer MembranePolymer Membrane

Porous Inorganic Porous Inorganic MembranesMembranes

Steps for Membrane Steps for Membrane SeparationSeparation

Hollow Fiber Hollow Fiber Membrane ExampleMembrane Example

Common Solvent is Common Solvent is still MEAstill MEA

CARBON CAPTURE:

Image: Schematic Representation of Membrane Contactor for Gas Separation (Xu, et al.)

Cryogenic FractionationCryogenic Fractionation

Separation of gases through cooling until Separation of gases through cooling until they enter their liquid statesthey enter their liquid states

Due to different Heats of Vaporization, a Due to different Heats of Vaporization, a liquid/gas mixture can then be separatedliquid/gas mixture can then be separated

Used for high concentrationsUsed for high concentrations Flue gases typically have low Flue gases typically have low

concentrationsconcentrations

CARBON CAPTURE:

Information: (Khoo, 2006)

Pressure Swing AdsorptionPressure Swing Adsorption

PSA processPSA process High potentialHigh potential Choosing solvents Choosing solvents

carefullycarefully

CARBON CAPTURE:

Image: Adsorption of CO2 on Solid Sorbents at Room Temperature (USDOE “Radically”)

Ocean SequestrationOcean Sequestration

Ocean storage depends on depth of injectionOcean storage depends on depth of injection Vertical InjectionVertical Injection Inclined pipelineInclined pipeline Dry ice/solid CODry ice/solid CO22 option option

Pipe towed by shipPipe towed by ship Gas Life Advanced Dissolution (GLAD) methodGas Life Advanced Dissolution (GLAD) method Hydrate optionHydrate option Emulsion optionEmulsion option

CARBON STORAGE:

Information: (Anna, 2002)

Geological SequestrationGeological Sequestration

CARBON STORAGE:

Image: Options for Storing CO2 in Deep Underground Geological Formations (IPCC)

Reduction into Useful FuelsReduction into Useful Fuels

Brookhaven National LaboratoryBrookhaven National Laboratory COCO22 + Solar Energy > Hydrocarbons? + Solar Energy > Hydrocarbons?

FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES:

Reduction into Formic AcidReduction into Formic Acid

University of Leeds in EnglandUniversity of Leeds in England CO2 [+ Hydrogen] > Formic Acid?CO2 [+ Hydrogen] > Formic Acid?

Information: (Ritter, 2007)

ConclusionsConclusions

Carbon Capture ConclusionsCarbon Capture Conclusions Carbon Storage ConclusionsCarbon Storage Conclusions Future Technology GoalsFuture Technology Goals

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!

Works CitedWorks Cited Anna, David. “New Projects to Explore ‘Breakthrough’ Ideas for Capturing, Storing Anna, David. “New Projects to Explore ‘Breakthrough’ Ideas for Capturing, Storing

Carbon Gases.” Carbon Gases.” National Energy Technology Laboratory News ReleaseNational Energy Technology Laboratory News Release 6 Mar. 6 Mar. 2002. 30 Oct. 2007 <http://www.netl.doe.gov/ publications/ press/ 2002/ 2002. 30 Oct. 2007 <http://www.netl.doe.gov/ publications/ press/ 2002/ tl_sequestration_baa2002.html>.tl_sequestration_baa2002.html>.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC Special Report on Carbon IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and StorageDioxide Capture and Storage. 30 Oct. 2007 <http://www.ipcc.ch/ activity/ srccs/ . 30 Oct. 2007 <http://www.ipcc.ch/ activity/ srccs/ index.htm>.index.htm>.

Khoo, Hsien H., and Reginald B. H. Tan. “Life Cycle Investigation of CO2 Recovery Khoo, Hsien H., and Reginald B. H. Tan. “Life Cycle Investigation of CO2 Recovery and Sequestration.” and Sequestration.” Environmental Science & TechnologyEnvironmental Science & Technology 40.12 (May 2006): 4016- 40.12 (May 2006): 4016-4024. 4024. American Chemical SocietyAmerican Chemical Society. 30 Oct. 2007 <http://pubs.acs.org/ cgi-bin/ . 30 Oct. 2007 <http://pubs.acs.org/ cgi-bin/ abstract.cgi/ esthag/ 2006/ 40/ i12/ abs/ es051882a.html>.abstract.cgi/ esthag/ 2006/ 40/ i12/ abs/ es051882a.html>.

Ritter, Stephen K. “What Can We Do With CO2?” Ritter, Stephen K. “What Can We Do With CO2?” Chemical & Engineering NewsChemical & Engineering News 85.18 (Apr. 2007): 11-17.85.18 (Apr. 2007): 11-17.

U. S. Department of Energy. National Energy Technology Laboratory. U. S. Department of Energy. National Energy Technology Laboratory. Radically Radically New Adsorption Cycles for Carbon Dioxide SequestrationNew Adsorption Cycles for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration. By James A. Ritter. 30 . By James A. Ritter. 30 Oct. 2007 <http://www.netl.doe.gov/ publications/ proceedings/ 04/ UCR-HBCU/ Oct. 2007 <http://www.netl.doe.gov/ publications/ proceedings/ 04/ UCR-HBCU/ presentations/ Ritter_P.pdf>.presentations/ Ritter_P.pdf>.

U.S. Department of Energy. National Energy Technology Laboratory. U.S. Department of Energy. National Energy Technology Laboratory. Scrubbing Scrubbing CO2 from Power Plant Flue Gas Using Monoethanolamine (MEA)CO2 from Power Plant Flue Gas Using Monoethanolamine (MEA). By Damon . By Damon Benedict and Curt M. White. Benedict and Curt M. White. DOE Office of Fossil EnergyDOE Office of Fossil Energy. DOE Office of Energy . DOE Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. 30 Oct. 2007 <http://www.netl.dow.gov/ newsroom/ Efficiency & Renewable Energy. 30 Oct. 2007 <http://www.netl.dow.gov/ newsroom/ backgrounder/ mb-0002.html>.backgrounder/ mb-0002.html>.

XU, Zhikang, et al. XU, Zhikang, et al. Separation and Fixation of Carbon Dioxide Using Polymeric Separation and Fixation of Carbon Dioxide Using Polymeric Membrane ContactorMembrane Contactor. . Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNatural Science Foundation of China. Institue of Polymer . Institue of Polymer Science, Zhejiang University. 30 Oct. 2007 <http://www.netl.doe.gov/ publications/ Science, Zhejiang University. 30 Oct. 2007 <http://www.netl.doe.gov/ publications/ proceedings/ 01/ carbon_seq/ p56.pdf>.proceedings/ 01/ carbon_seq/ p56.pdf>.