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23 Mar. Ecol. Prog. S er. 36: 225-236, 987

crozooplankton. Production of herbivorous zooplank-ton is 72 tonnes C yr-l ; assuming a 20 transferefficiency (Parsons et al. 1977, Walsh 1981, Walsh et al.1981) 380 tonnes yr -l are required for zooplankton

food. In 1981 there w ere 1239 m2 of mussel raft s and,assuming a consumption of 0.06 tonnes C m-2 yr-', 68tonnes yr I would be consumed. Wild mussels areestimated to consume less than 10 tonnes C F-'.Phytoplankton respiration consumes a proportion ofthe available carb on, 10 to 40 OO of total carbon produc-tion (Bu nis 1980). In making the p resent calculations a

Carbon budget

A carbon flow diagram for the Killary Harbour sys-tem is shown in Fig. 2. Symbols are taken from Odum

(1972). Particulate ca rbon inp ut to th e system is esti-mated to be: phytoplankton, 1306 tonnes C yr-l; mac-roalgae, 50 tonnes C yr-'; benthic microalgae, 51tonnes C yr- l; river carbon, 500 tonnes C F- ; makinga total of 1907 tonn es C yr-l.

This carbon is consumed by zooplankt on, wildmussels, cultured mussels, benthos, bacteria and rni-

Table 7. Biomass (AFDW: mg m- SE) of e ach ben thic spec ies in each sector

Species Trophic role Sector

A B C DE

MolluscaNucula turgidaAbra nitidaThyasira flexuosa

DepositDepositDeposit/SuspensionDeposit/SuspensionSuspensionSuspensionSuspensionSuspensionSuspension

Myrtea spinifera

Dosinia exoletaVenus ova taMya trunca taEnsis sihquaTum'tella communis

AnnelidaMelinna palma taAmphicteus gunneriNotomastus latericeusOwenia fusiformisNephthys h ystricusNephthys hombergiMarph ysa belliHyalinoeda bilineataStenelais boa

PhoronidaPhoronis m uellen

EchinodermataAmphiura chiajeiCuccuma ria e longa taThyone fusus

DepositDepositDepositSuspensionPredatorPredatorPredatorPredatorPredator

Suspension

DepositDepositDeposit

CrustaceaUpogebia delfauraHyppolyte sp.

CnidariaEd wardsia ca lh orp ha

SuspensionDeposit

Predator

SipunculidaGolfingia elongataGolfingia proceraGolfingia vulgarisPhascolion strom bi

DepositDepositDepositDeposit

RhyncocoelaNemertinea sp Predator

Single, or only, large specimens

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236 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 36: 225-236, 1987

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Ryther, J. H. 1969). The potentia l of th e estuary for shellfish

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Tenore, K. R., Boyer, L. G., Cal, R. M., Corral, J., Garcia-Femandez, C., Gonzalez, N . Gonzalez-Gurriaran, E.,Hanson. R. B.. Igle sias, J., Krom, M., Lopez-Jamar , E.McLain, J., Pamatrnat, M. M., Perez, A., Rhoads, D. C., deSantiago. G., Tietjen, J., Westrich, J., Windom, H. L.1982). Coastal upwelling in the Rias Bajas, NW Spain:

contrast ing the bent hic regimes of the Rias de Arosa andde Muros. J. mar. Res. 40: 701-772

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Walsh, J. J. 1981). Shelf-sea ecosystems. In: Longhurst. A. R.ed.) Analysis of marine ecosystems. Academic Press, NewYork, p. 15S 196

Walsh, J J . , Rowe, G. T., Iver son, R. L., McRoy, C P. 1981).Biological export of shelf carbon is a sink of the globalCO, cycle. Natur e, Lond. 291: 196-201

Warwick, R. M., George, C. L. Davies, J. R. 1978). Annualmacrofauna production in a Ve n u s community. Estuar.coast. mar. Sci. 7: 215-241

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This article was presented by Dr. R. M. Warwick; it was accepted for prinhng on December 22. 1986