Land Health Surveillance•Identify where land problems exist

•Quantify major risks to land health

•Target agroforestry interventions

•Evaluate the outcomes of interventions

Field Measurement

Designed to provide;

biophysical baselines at landscape level (vegetation, soil condition)

a monitoring and evaluation framework

the Land Degradation

Surveillance Framework

Field Measurement

Sentinel Site Surveillance Framework

a spatially stratified,

hierarchical, randomized

sampling framework

Sentinel site (100 km2)

16 Clusters (1 km2)

10 Plots (1000 m2)

4 Sub-Plots (100 m2)

LDSF sampling plot (1000 m2) with sub-plots (100 m2)

•Fast•Repeatable•Functional, interpretable•Applicable everywhere•Widely tested•With local communities

Shrub biovolume by block & cluster

UNEP-ICRAF West Africa Drylands Project

Allometrics

•Biovolume to biomass to C• Trees, shrubs, Species• Belowground woody biomass

• Tapering coefficients; fractal branching

•Infrared spectroscopy for wood moisture and densityImproved wood density databasesProtocols for local calibrations

Small chambers will be used to measure the fluxes of N2O, CO2 and CH4 to generate default factors for N2O and to estimate the soil respiration flux under different land uses

Trace Gas Measurements

Infrared Spectroscopy for rapid soil characterization

• Rapid

• Reproducible

• Low cost

• Predicts soil carbon & functional soil properties

Soils Measurement

Soil infrared spectroscopy labs

FT-NIR

SalienSalienTanzaniaTanzania

ChitedzeMalawi

SotubaMali

MaputoMozambique

ICRAF reference and

support labNairobi

Future locations

FT-MIR

VNIR

Loca

l (s

ite-l

eve

l) C

ref

Digital mapping of soil carbon

10 km

UNEP-ICRAF West Africa Drylands Project

Randomization of Sentinel Site

locations stratified by climate

A Globally Integrated African Soil Information Service

A globally integrated, evidence-based, and dynamic soil health information service that provides management, planning and policy-relevant soil information for the non-desert portions of Sub-Saharan Africa.

eastern

western

Fort Tenan

Remote Sensing

Eastern Sites

Western Sites

Key Elements of Measurement

Ground measurements provide calibration and detailed sample frame analysis

Remote sensing takes the ground samples to extrapolate spatially to the landscape

Remote sensing characterizes spatial heterogeneity and land use

Spectral analysis provides rapid soil carbon measurement

GIS provides the data base framework for organizing spatial data

Carbon and nitrogen models provide ex ante calculations and detailed accounting

Web-enabled geospatial information systems to provide local and global access

WWW

Groundmeasures

Localcommunities

Remote measures

Satellite – groundintegration

AnalysisGEF (markets)

TRFIC TechnologiesCarbon2Markets tools

Mature tress

Plantation plot

New trees

Integration of in situ carbon and nitrogen with imagery

samples

Biophysical measurements

Forest density and type mapping in Thailand

LAI vs . FC (in GLA2.0)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

0 20 40 60 80 100

Fractional Cover

LA

I

LAI-4 vs. FC(%)

LAI-5 vs. FC

Leaf Area Index can be used as anInput to NPP-Carbon models

Hyper-rez tree crown detection

Detailed View ETM+ (4,3,2)

Detailed view VCF 30m

Region east of Kingaroy, north of Nanango

Zoom in at high resolution

Region east of Kingaroy, north of Nanango. Small blue dots are waypopints. White is non forest/trees. Carbon sequestration range: 4-8 tCO2e per ha per yr (light to dark)

Carbon BenefitsModeling, Measurement and

Monitoring

Application of the Tools from Component B

Forest

Slashed

Burning

Agriculture, grass

Agriculture, bare soil

The tools can be used to measure changes in carbon associated with land

use change

Link space mapping and ground measurements to carbon accounting models

and databases

Models provide systematic accounting for carbon

The tools could be applied for meeting the needs of marketing C from rural development

projects

2005 $12 Billion2006 $30 Billion2007 $64 Billion2008 $116 Billion

2025 $1 Trillion (Financial Times)

For reference:For reference:Current ODA = $92 Current ODA = $92 BillionBillion

Global C markets

The tools can be used to assess ecosystem degradation in a quantitative way in landscapes and target

interventions

Forest degradation

Erosion

Soil fertility

High grazing pressure

Best Practices Support on

Where to plant – trees suitable for your area

Which to plant – sources of tree seeds

How to plant – good tree nursery practices

What to plant – trees suitable for your purposes

How to engage communities and scale up

The right tree for the right place1. Trees for Products

2. Trees for Services

fruit firewood medicine income sawnwood fodder

soilfertility

carbon sequestration

soilerosion

watershedprotection

shade biodiversity

The tools will help develop an assessment of the full GHG balance of different

management systems

Pine – coffee – banana system – Java

Intensive poplar agroforestry system

Eventually expand measurement and monitoring to other types of projects - e.g.

REDD, SFM