CarbohydratesKaitlyn Brickey

Levante BellamyOlivia Malatestinic

Sam Coffey Joyce Onuorah

Summary

• Carbohydrates are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. (ratio 1:2:1) Living things depend on carbohydrates as their main source of energy. Plants and other animals use carbohydrates for structural purposes.

Elements

• Carbohydrates: -Oxygen -Carbon -Hydrogen

Monomer• Monosaccharide

– Glucose– Fructose– Galactose

Polymer

• Carbohydrate:- Starch (Plants Energy storage)- Cellulose (Plant structure)- Glycogen (animals energy storage)

Uses

• Humans- energy -broken down into energy

• Animals- also broken down as energy

• Plants- used as a different polysaccharides • store access sugars • One of the main polysaccharides is cellulose. • (gives strength and ridigity)

Vocab. Definitions

Carbohydrate- compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.Monosaccharaides- single sugar molecules Polysaccharides- the large molecule formed from monosaccharaides

Carbohydrate

Lipids

By: Hunter Mora, Jacque Williams, John Witczak, Jack O’Brien, Emily

Buchanan, Ethan Beaty

Summary

• Lipids are made up of mostly Hydrogen. Lipids function as storage for energy. Three of the most common types of lipids include fats, oils, and waxes. Lipids can be formed when glycerol molecules combine with fatty acid compounds. The body uses lipids to make up the cells. Lipids are hydrophobic. Lipids are molecules that are not soluble in water.

Elements

• Made up of mostly Hydrogen, Carbon, and Oxygen

• Used to store energy• Three categories of lipids include: fats, oils,

and waxes.• Steroids and hormones are a type of lipid that

functions as a chemical messenger.

Polymers

• Not polymers because they do not consist of repeating units, and do not link together to form polymeric chains.

• Polymers are many monomers linked together.

Monomers

• Monomers of lipids are fatty acids and glycerol.

• Glycerol is used as a solvent.• Fats are found in greasy foods such as burgers

and fries.

Saturated Fatty Acids

• When there is one carbon to carbon bond in the atom.

• Maximum hydrogen atoms

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

• When there is more than one carbon to carbon double bond in the atom.

Vocab

• Lipid- Macromolecule made from mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes.

• Saturated- Lipids containing the greatest possible number of hydrogen atoms and so having no carbon double or triple carbon bonds.

• Unsaturated- At least one carbon to carbon double bond within the fatty acid.

• Polyunsaturated- Lipids that contain more than one carbon to carbon double bond.

Nucleic AcidsAllison DuganMadeline BrunnerTim CarrRyan DvornikGrant Miiller

Elements Elements found in macromolecule:

hydrogen: Hoxygen: Ophosphorus: Pnitrogen: Ncarbon: C

Nucleic acids are polymers assembled from individual monomers known as nucleotides.

Nucleotides form covalent bonds and become nucleic acids

Monomer The monomer of nucleic acids

nucleotides

Polymer The polymer of nucleic acids DNA Carries the genetic information of a cell

and consists of thousands of genes RNA First processed so that non-coding parts

are removed and is then transported out of the nucleus

In organisms 2 types

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Job:To transmit and store hereditary materials

Vocab Nucleotides: consist of three parts, a 5 carbon

sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Ribonucleic acid: (RNA) contains the sugar ribose Deoxyribonucleic acid: (DNA) contains the sugar

deoxyribose Amino Acids: compounds with a amino group (-

NH2) on one end and a carboxl group (-COOH) on the other end.

Proteins: are macromlecules that contain nitrogen.