Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are important food for animals. Carbohydrates contain the elements...
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Transcript of Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are important food for animals. Carbohydrates contain the elements...
![Page 1: Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are important food for animals. Carbohydrates contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. There are two hydrogen atoms.](https://reader037.fdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022100505/5a4d1b437f8b9ab0599a2145/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
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• Carbohydrates are important food for animals.
• Carbohydrates contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
• There are two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom in carbohydrates
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Photosynthesis• Photosynthesis is the process by which
plants make carbohydrates and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water, using light energy.
• Chlorophyll (the green colour in plants) is used to absorb the light energy.
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Carbon dioxide + water + energy glucose + oxygen 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 602
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Respiration• Respiration is the process by which animals
AND plants obtain the supply of energy that they need for growth, movement, warmth etc.
• They obtain this energy by breaking down the carbohydrate, glucose, using oxygen: Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy C 6H12O6 + 602 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy
• Carbohydrates supply the body with energy.
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• Carbohydrates can be split into two groups:– Sugars– Starches
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Sugars• Examples of sugars include glucose, fructose,
maltose and sucrose (table sugar). • Sugars are soluble in water.• Sugars are carbohydrates with small molecules.
Testing for Sugars (except sucrose)Blue Benedict’s solution turns orange/red when heated with glucose, fructose or maltose.
Carbohydrate Formula
Glucose C6H12O6
Fructose C6H12O6
Maltose C12H22O11
Sucrose C12H22O11
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Starch• Starch is a natural condensation polymer
made of many glucose molecules linked together.
• The structure of glucose can be represented as:
H O HG
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Digestion of Starch• During digestion starch is hydrolysed
to glucose which is carried by the blood stream to body cells .
Hydrolysis Reaction: a reaction in which a large molecule is broken down into two or more smaller molecules by the action of water.
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• Many glucose molecules join together in the following way to form starch.
• Plants convert the glucose into starch for storing energy.
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• Starch can be hydrolysed by acid and by enzymes.
Acid
starch glucose6 12 6 2 6 12 6(C H O ) + H O C H On n n
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Enzymes• Body enzymes function best at body
temperature (37oC) and are destroyed at higher temperatures.