Capital Bourdieu – 3 fundamental types of capital –Economic –Social –Cultural Marx’s...
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Transcript of Capital Bourdieu – 3 fundamental types of capital –Economic –Social –Cultural Marx’s...
CapitalCapital
• Bourdieu – 3 fundamental types of capital– Economic– Social– Cultural
• Marx’s theory (economics)• Impact on an individual’s life
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Capital – 3 fundamental typesCapital – 3 fundamental typesEconomic CapitalEconomic Capital
• Money = power• Basis of social and cultural capitals
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Capital – 3 fundamental typesCapital – 3 fundamental typesEconomic CapitalEconomic Capital
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Capital – 3 fundamental typesCapital – 3 fundamental typesCultural CapitalCultural Capital
• Education• Language• Vertical transmission of practices• Accumulated knowledge
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Capital – 3 fundamental typesCapital – 3 fundamental typesSocial CapitalSocial Capital
• Eclectic definition• 3 founding fathers = 3 definitions
– Bourdieu, Coleman and Putnam
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTvbf1WVYFE
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Social CapitalSocial Capital
• Pierre Bourdieu– “Aggregation of the actual or potential resources
which are linked to possession of a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition”
– Group membership, relationships, and networks of influence and support
– Individualistic
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Social CapitalSocial Capital
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
• Bourdieu– Social capital helps maintain social inequalities
within society
Social CapitalSocial Capital
• Pierre Bourdieu– Negative effects of social capital as well
• Low SES• Crime and violence
– Reinforces inequality
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Social CapitalSocial Capital
• James Coleman– “variety of entities with two elements in common:
they all consist of some aspect of social structure, and they facilitate certain actions of actors.. within the structure”
– social + economic theory politics
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Social CapitalSocial Capital
• Robert Putnam– “collective value of all social networks and the
inclination that arise from these networks to do things for each other”
– form of social relationship, through organization, norms, and trust that promote coordination and cooperation for mutual benefits
– Democracy / community
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
AnalysisAnalysis
• Quantitatively/ qualitatively
• Search for words related to SC
– Coded then analyzed
• Sense of identity, sense of belonging, belief systems and ideologies, family life, groups, networks, trust, solidarity, collection action and cooperation, community, information and communication, social cohesion and inclusion
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Framework modelOperationalization of the concept
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
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CriticismsCriticisms
• Three founding fathers = three definitions– variation
• Subjectivity• Difficult to calculate the exact amount of social
capital volume for an individual• Limits to access of Bourdieu’s work on social
capital
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
StrengthsStrengths
• Applied to both qualitative and quantitative research• Methodologies make it easier for the researchers to
collect the data• Useful in acknowledgment of social variations and
health inequalities in a society• Applied to health and well-being, as SC is a social
determinant of health that has an impact on the individual’s life
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Social Capital and healthSocial Capital and health
• How can social capital be useful when it comes to health inequalities?– According to the 2003 Health Canada report
Social Capital as a Health Determinant. How is it Defined, social capital is now considered as a social determinant of health.
– Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of SC and health.
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Social Capital and healthSocial Capital and health
• Difficult to separate gender + social capital when it comes to health−Gender role= men tend to have riskier
behaviour−Social capital = positive effect on health
• Strong social ties, social support and social participation
• 1/3 mortality rate
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Social Capital and healthSocial Capital and health
• Back to Bourdieu’s equation of practice..– SES influences capital, field, habitus -> impact
on practices• Practices, e.g. sports & PA, leisure and
nutrition
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
Concluding thoughtsConcluding thoughts
• Social capital = resources available to the individual through his/her social network
• Very broad concept, used in a variety of disciplines, from economics and politics to health and social inequalities.
• Useful to apply to health as it helps understand the social inequalities within and between communities that result in health inequalities.
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte
ReferencesReferences• Botanski, L (1971). Les usages sociaux du corps. In Annales : Economie, Societe, Civilisation, 26, 205-233.
• Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction : A Social critique of the jugement of taste. (R. Nice, Trans.) Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
• Bourdieu, P. (1986): The Forms of Capital, in: Richardson, J. G. (ed.): Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, New York/Westport/London, pp. 241-258.
• Coleman, J. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. The American Journal of Sociology.94, pp. S95-S120.
• Crossley, N. (2008). Social class. In Grenfell, M. Pierre Bourdieu: Key Concepts. (pp 87-101). Stocksfield: Acumen.
• Fields, J. (2003). Social capital. (pp.1-146.) London: Routledge
• Hyyppä, M. (2010). Health Ties. (pp. 1-165). Finland: Springer Netherlands
• Kawachi, I., Colditz, G., Ascherio, A., Rimm, E., Giovannucci, E., Stampfer, M. & Willett, W. (1996). A prospective study of social networks in relation to total mortality and cardiovasculat disease in men in the USA. In Journal of Epistemology and Community Health, 50, 245-251.
• Kawachi, I., Kim, D. (2008). Social capital and health. (pp.1-292). New York: Springer.
• Laberge, S. & Kay, J. (2002). Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological theory and sport practice. In Macguire,J. & Young, K. Theory, Sport & Society. (pp.239-267). Oxford: Elsevier.
• Moore, R. (2008). Capital. In Grenfell, M. Pierre Bourdieu: Key Concepts, (pp. 101-119). Stocksfield: Acumen.
• Putnam,R. (1993) The Prosperous Community,” The American Prospect 4(13). (pp.61-72)
• Swartz, D.L. & Zolberg, V.L. (2005). In memorian: Pierre Bourdieu 1930-2002. In After Bourdieu: Influence, Critique, Elaboration. (pp.17-23). Boston : Kluwer Academics
• Verbrugge, L.M. (1989). The twain meet: empirical explanations of sex differences in health and mortality. In Journal of Health Social Behaviour, 30, 282-304.
• World Health Organization (2010) Addressing socioeconomic and gender inequities in the WHO European Region Social and gender inequalities in environment and health. Retrieved from: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/76519/Parma_EH_Conf_pb1.pdf
EPI6181 – Julie Diotte