CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
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Transcript of CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 1/91
CXC A16/U2/07
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PHYSICS Effective for examinations from May/June 2008
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 2/91
ii
Published by the Caribbean Examinations
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form, or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior
permission of the author or publisher.
Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to:
The Pro-Registrar
Caribbean Examinations Council
Caenwood Centre
37 Arnold Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica, W.I.
Telephone: (876) 630-5200
Facsimile Number: (876) 967-4972
E-mail address: [email protected]
Website: www.cxc.org
Copyright © 2007 by Caribbean Examinations Council
The Garrison, St Michael BB14038, Barbados
CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 3/91
Contents
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CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
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This document CXC A16/U2/07 replaces CXC A16/U2/01 issued in 2001.
Please note that the syllabus was revised and amendments are indicated by italics.
First issued 1999 Revised 2001 Revised 2007
Please check the website, www.cxc.org f or updates on CXC’s syllabuses.
CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 5/91
#
Introduction
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Physics Syllabus
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◆ PRE-REQUISITES OF THE SYLLABUS
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5 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 11/91
◆ UNIT 1: MECHANICS, WAVES, PROPERTIES OF MATTER MODULE 1: MECHANICS
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
%M PQU[\HVKQM QR VGKY ,QN]\H< YV]NHMVY YGQ]\N;
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SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
?J D/I01=*% KH*"8181&0
EXPLANATORY NOTES
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6 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 12/91
UNIT 1
MODULE 1: MECHANICS (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
D/I01=*% KH*"8181&0 2=#"8>'3
EXPLANATORY NOTES
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+)? :89::9=K8 :8E9@;A=B7;HB <8@I88= H7GB;D9E
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7 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 13/91
UNIT 1
MODULE 1: MECHANICS (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
MJ @#81#"
EXPLANATORY NOTES
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A)+ 8>HE9;= NKY[\IPHUHMV< Y[HHN< OH\QPKVS< IMN
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8 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 14/91
UNIT 1
MODULE 1: MECHANICS (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
EXPLANATORY NOTES
@#81#" 2=#"8>'3
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A)++ I[[\S VGH [JKMPK[\H QR PQMYHJOIVKQM QR \KMHIJ
UQUHMV]Uc
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A)+A 8>HE9;= IMN ]YH VGH PQMPH[V QR VGH KU[]\YH
QR I RQJPHc
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9 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 15/91
UNIT 1
MODULE 1: MECHANICS (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
EXPLANATORY NOTES
@#81#" 2=#"8>'3 -V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
A)11 8>HE9;= 9=J CB8 @78 @8:? K:9M;@9@;A=9E F;8EJ
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10 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 16/91
UNIT 1
MODULE 1: MECHANICS (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
EXPLANATORY NOTES
+#"0&.C*81#" #5 6"&.(I 2=#"8>'3
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11 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 17/91
UNIT 1
MODULE 1: MECHANICS (cont’d)
9H((&08&' Q&*=/1"( *"' R&*."1"( F=81C181&0
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1) $MOHYVKZIVH RIPVQJY KMR\]HMPKMZ NHOKIVKQM QR I YVJ]P_ PJKP_HV LI\\< QJ IMS LI\\< RJQU IM KNHI\ [IJILQ\KP
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12 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 18/91
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
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8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 20/91
UNIT 1
MODULE 1: MECHANICS (cont’d)
THE DISTRIBUTION OF ERRORS IN PHYSICAL MEASURMENTS
Re f e r t o S p e c i f i c O b j e c t i v e 1 . 7
Ai m :
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9:8 CB8J @A HAB;@;A= 89D73 [8 D9:8FCE2 7AI8M8:2 A@78:I;B8 GAC: K:9H7 I;EE <8 HAA:3
.;M;J8 @78 M8:@;D9E :9=K8 AF @78 HA;=@B A= @78 H9H8:QBT ;=@A 6W 8OC9E B8D@;A=B AF @78 BC;@9<E8 I;J@72 B9G2 FA: 8>9?HE82 & D?3
Q188 N;KC:8 6T3 *AC=@ @78 =C?<8: AF HA;=@B ;= 89D7 B8D@;A= 9=J @9<CE9@8 @78 :8BCE@B3 - F8I HA;=@B ?9G <8 <8EAI B8D@;A= 6 A:
9<AM8 B8D@;A= 6W <C@ @78G B7ACEJ "5$ <8 J;BD9:J8J3 )9<8E @78B8 B8D@;A=B W2 62k33 Q"A@8' !B8 9 <;K 8=ACK7 B788@ AF H9H8:
BA @79@ GAC: @7:AIB E9=J A= H9H8:T3
.:9I 9 7;B@AK:9? ;EECB@:9@;=K @78 =C?<8: AF @;?8B2 =K 2 @79@ HA;=@B ADDC: ;= 9 D8:@9;= B8D@;A=2 > ; QN;KC:8 &T3 "A@8 @78
FAEEAI;=K 9<AC@ @78 7;B@AK:9?'
▪ (9D7 =C?<8: W2 6kkk36W2 A= @78 >; 9>;B2 ;B 9@ @78 D8=@:8 AF 9 B8D@;A=2 FA: 8>9?HE82 l ;B 9@ @78 D8=@:8 AF B8D@;A= l3
▪ $78 7;B@AK:9? ?CB@ B7AI 9 B8D@;A= I;@7 =K 9@ <A@7 @78 B@9:@ 9=J 8=J3
▪ *A==8D@ @78 ?;JXHA;=@B <G 9 B?AA@7 DC:M8 9B B7AI=3 $7;B =88J =A@ KA @7:ACK7 9EE @78 ?;JHA;=@B3
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UNIT 1
MODULE 1: MECHANICS (cont’d)
+9=JA? 8::A:B B7ACEJ D9CB8 @78 7;B@AK:9? @A 9HH:A>;?9@8EG FAEEAI 9 <8EEXB79H8J DC:M8 D9EE8J @78 "A : ?9 E .; B @ : ; < C @ ; A = 3
"AI D9EDCE9@8 @78 ?89= M9EC8 AF @78 ?89BC:8?8=@B2 2 CB;=K @78 FA:?CE9'
_ =; >; I78:8 "_@A@9E =C?<8: AF HA;=@B 9=J >; D9= 79M8 6 ] 6W3 /9:P @78 ?89= M9EC8 A= @78 7;B@AK:9?3
N;=9EEG2 =A@8 A= GAC: H9H8: I78:8 @78 ?89= M9EC8 >; ;B EAD9@8J 9=J :8HAB;@;A= GAC: H9H8: A= @78 BAF@ <A9:J3 !B8 @78 ?8@8:
:CE8 H:AM;J8J @A A<@9;= @78 78;K7@ AF @78 ?89= M9EC8 > ; 9<AM8 @78 FEAA:3 (>9 ? H E 8 ' 1CHHAB8 _ V3& EAD9@8 @78 78;K7@ AF
B8D@;A= V3& 9<AM8 @78 K:AC=J E8M8E3 Q#@ IACEJ <8 9<AC@ 6VW ] && D?T3 "A@8 @79@ V3W :8F8:B @A @78 ?;JHA;=@B AF B8D@;A= V 9=J
W3& ;B W3& > @78 J;B@9=D8 <8@I88= @78 ?;JHA;=@B AF B8D@;A=B V 9=J ^3
-EBA ?89BC:8 J;:8D@EG @78 78;K7@ AF GAC: 8G8B 9<AM8 @78 FEAA:3
*A??8=@ A= GAC: :8BCE@B3
[3
1@9=J9:J .8M;9@;A=
$78 J8K:88 @A I7;D7 =C?8:;D9E J9@9 9:8 BD9@@8:8J 9<AC@ 9= 9M8:9K8 M9EC8 ;B D9EE8J @78 J;BH8:B;A= AF @78 J9@93 *A??A=
?89BC:8B AF @78 J;BH8:B;A= 9:8 @78 ?89= J8M;9@;A= 9=J @78 B@9=J9:J J8M;9@;A= ?9G <8 CB8J3
#F J9@9 9:8 K:ACH8J BCD7 @79@ >62 >& k33ADDC: I;@7 F:8OC8=D;8B =; >; @78 FAEEAI;=K FA:? AF B@9=J9:J J8M;9@;A= ?9G <8 CB83
B_
1?9EE M9EC8B AF B@9=J9:J J8M;9@;A= ;=J;D9@8 @79@ @78:8 ;B =A@ ?CD7 J;BH8:B;A= A: BD9@@8: AF @78 J9@93
WKX NA: @78 J9@9 A<@9;=8J ;= H9:@ Q-T AF @78 8>H8:;?8=@ D9EDCE9@8 @78 B@9=J9:J J8M;9@;A=3
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UNIT 1
MODULE 1: MECHANICS (cont’d)
WKKX ,AC: 8>H8:;?8=@9E M9EC8 FA: GAC: 8G8 E8M8E ;B2 @78:8FA:82 B3 (>H:8BB @7;B ;B @8:? AF 78;K7@B3 Q+8?8?<8: GAC 79M8
9E:89JG FAC=J F:A? Q-T3 (>9 ? H E 8 ' 1CHHAB8 B _ 63g3 #F 89D7 B8D@;A= ;= GAC: 8>H8:;?8=@9E B788@ I9B 63V D?
I;J82 @78= B _ 63g ;?HE;8B 63g>63V_&36 D?3
,AC: 8>H8:;?8=@9E M9EC8 FA: GAC: 8G8 E8M8E ;B ;= D? B ;= D?3
*3
+8H89@ @78 8>H8:;?8=@ <G B@9=J;=K 9@ 9 EA=K8: J;B@9=D8 Qb @A & @;?8B GAC: H:8M;ACB @7:AI;=K J;B@9=D8T 9I9G F:A?
@78 <A9:J3 ,AC ?9G 79M8 @A CB8 ?A:8 B788@B F;:?EG F9B@8=8J @AK8@78: BA @79@ 9EE GAC: @7:AIB E9=J A= @78 B788@B3 ,AC
?9G 9EBA 79M8 @A J;M;J8 GAC: B788@B ;=@A ?A:8 B8D@;A=B AF 9HH:A>;?9@8EG & D? @A DAM8: 9EE GAC: HA;=@B3
LEA@ 9 7;B@AK:9? AF @78 =8I :8BCE@B 9=J D9EDCE9@8 B ;= D? 9K9;=3
*A??8=@ A= GAC: :8BCE@B3
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UNIT 1
MODULE 2: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Har m o n i c M o t i o n c o n t ’ d )
EXPLANATORY NOTES
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
+)C J8:;M8 9=J CB8 @78 H8:;AJ AF @78 B;?HE8 H8=JCEC?
9B $ _ &π √ Q E` K T 9=J AF @78 ?9BB A= 9 BH:;=K
9B $ _ &π √ Q?` P T Z
#=DECJ8 BH:;=KB YA;=8J ;= B8:;8B A: ;= H9:9EE8E3
+)9 J8BD:;<8 @78 ;=@8:D79=K8 AF P;=8@;D 9=J HA@8=@;9E
8=8:KG AF 9= ABD;EE9@;=K BGB@8? JC:;=K B;?HE8
79:?A=;D ?A@;A=Z
#=DECJ8 K:9H7B3
+)? D9EDCE9@8 @78 8=8:KG AF 9 <AJG C=J8:KA;=K B;?HE879:?A=;D ?A@;A=Z
+)B J8BD:;<8 8>9?HE8B AF FA:D8J ABD;EE9@;A=B 9=J
:8BA=9=D8Z
+)@ J;BDCBB D9B8B ;= I7;D7 :8BA=9=D8 ;B J8B;:9<E8 9=J
D9B8B ;= I7;D7 ;@ ;B =A@Z
+)E J8BD:;<8 J9?H8J ABD;EE9@;A=B 9=J :8H:8B8=@ BCD7
?A@;A= K:9H7;D9EEGZ
+)+F 8>HE9;= 7AI J9?H;=K ;B 9D7;8M8J ;= BA?8 :89EXE;F8
8>9?HE8B3
NA: 8>9?HE82 ?A@A: M87;DE8 BCBH8=B;A=3
&3Pro p e r t i e s o f W a v e s
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ'
1)+ CB8 @78 FAEEAI;=K @8:?B'
J;BHE9D8?8=@2 9?HE;@CJ82 H8:;AJ2 F:8OC8=DG2
M8EAD;@G ;= :8E9@;A= @A @78 <879M;AC: AF I9M8BZ
1)1 J;FF8:8=@;9@8 <8@I88= @:9=BM8:B8 9=J EA=K;@CJ;=9EI9M8B ;= @8:?B AF @78 ?AM8?8=@ AF H9:@;DE8B ;=
@78 ?8J;C? AF @:9=B?;BB;A= 9=J @78 8=8:KG AF @78
I9M8BZ
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UNIT 1
MODULE 2: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES EXPLANATORY NOTES
D.#-&.81&0 #5 B*C&0 2=#"8>'3
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
1)A :8H:8B8=@ @:9=BM8:B8 9=J EA=K;@CJ;=9E I9M8B
K:9H7;D9EEGZ
1)C 8>HE9;= dHAE9:;B9@;A=e 9=J K;M8 8>9?HE8B AF
HAE9:;B8J I9M8BZ
!B8 HAE9:;B9@;A= @A J;FF8:8=@;9@8 <8@I88=
@:9=BM8:B8 9=J EA=K;@CJ;=9E I9M8B3
1)9 J8:;M8 9=J CB8 @78 8OC9@;A= λ @A BAEM8
H:A<E8?B ;=MAEM;=K I9M8 ?A@;A=Z
1)? CB8 @78 :8E9@;A=B7;H ;= @ 8 = B; @ G ;B H:AHA:@;A=9E @A
Q9? HE ; @ CJ8 T& FA: 9 I9M8Z
1)B CB8 @78 @8:?B H79B8 9=J H79B8 J;FF8:8=D8 I;@7
:8F8:8=D8 @A <879M;AC: AF I9M8BZ
1)@ J;B@;=KC;B7 <8@I88= B@9@;A=9:G 9=J H:AK:8BB;M8
I9M8BZ
+8H:8B8=@ K:9H7;D9EEG3
1)E 8>HE9;= @78 H:AH8:@;8B AF B@9@;A=9:G I9M8B 9=J
H8:FA:? :8E9@8J D9EDCE9@;A=BZ
NA: 8>9?HE82 ?;D:AI9M8B2 I9M8B A= B@:;=KB2 DEAB8J
9=J AH8= H;H8B Q;=DECJ8 :8BA=9=D8 @C<8T3 188
BCKK8B@8J H:9D@;D9E 9D@;M;@G A= H9K8B &g 9=J &V3
1)+F J8BD:;<8 H:9D@;D9E 9HHE;D9@;A=B AF BAC=J I9M8B ;=
;=JCB@:G2 BCD7 9B @78 CB8 AF BA=9: I9M8B ;=
J8@8:?;=;=K @78 J8H@7 AF @78 B892 9=J ;= ?8J;D;=82
BCD7 9B ;= FA8@9E ;?9K;=KZ
1)++ J;BDCBB 9HHE;D9@;A= AF BAC=J I9M8B @A ?CB;D9E
;=B@:C?8=@BZ
#=DECJ8 H8:DCBB;A= ;=B@:C?8=@B BCD7 9B @78 B@88E
H9=2 B@:;=K8J ;=B@:C?8=@B2 BCD7 9B @78 KC;@9: 9=J
I;=J ;=B@:C?8=@B2 BCD7 9B @78 FEC@83
1)+1 9HHEG @78 E9IB AF :8FE8D@;A= 9=J :8F:9D@;A= @A @78<879M;AC: AF I9M8BZ
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UNIT 1
MODULE 2: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES EXPLANATORY NOTES
D.#-&.81&0 #5 B*C&0 2=#"8>'3
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
1)1C CB8 1=8EEfB )9IZ =6 B;=
1)19 8>HE9;= @A@9E ;=@8:=9E :8FE8D@;A= 9=J J8@8:?;=8 @78
M9EC8 AF D:;@;D9E 9=KE8Z
188 BCKK8B@8J H:9D@;D9E 9D@;M;@G A= H9K8 &V3
!B8 @IA ?8J;9 I;@7 ;=J;D8B =6 9=J =&3
1)1? ;J8=@;FG 9=J J;BDCBB H:9D@;D9E 9HHE;D9@;A=B AF @A@9E
;=@8:=9E :8FE8D@;A=3
NA: 8>9?HE82 F;<:8 AH@;D D9<E8B
MJ Phy s i c s o f t h e E ar and E ye
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
A)+ J;BDCBB @78 :8BHA=B8 AF @78 89: @A ;=DA?;=K BAC=J
I9M8B2 ;= @8:?B AF B8=B;@;M;@G2 F:8OC8=DG :8BHA=B8
9=J ;=@8=B;@GZ
L:8D;B8 =C?8:;D9E M9EC8B :8E9@8J @A @78 :8BHA=B8 AF
@78 89: 9:8 =A@ :8OC;:8J3
A)1 B@9@8 @78 A:J8:B AF ?9K=;@CJ8 AF @78 @7:8B7AEJ AF
789:;=K 9=J @78 ;=@8=B;@G 9@ I7;D7 J;BDA?FA:@ ;B
8>H8:;8=D8JZ
A)A CB8 @78 8OC9@;A= ;= @ 8 = B; @ G E8 M 8 E Q; = J [ T _ 6 W
EA K 6W # ̀ # AZ
# _ ;=@8=B;@G
#A _ @7:8B7AEJ ;=@8=B;@G
J[- BD9E8
A)C J;BDCBB @78 BC<Y8D@;M8 OC9E;@;8B AF @78 @8:?B m=A;B8f
9=J mEACJ=8BBfZ
A)9 J;BDCBB @78 BC<Y8D@;M8 OC9E;@;8B AF @78 @8:?B m=A;B8f
9=J mEACJ=8BBfZ LAI8: ;= J;AH@:8B _
6 ` F I;@7 F ;= ?8@:8B
A)? BAEM8 H:A<E8?B CB;=K E8=B FA:?CE98Z 6 ` C a 6 ` M _ 6 ` F
A)B J;BDCBB 7AI @78 8G8 FA:?B FADCB8J ;?9K8B AF A<Y8D@B
9@ J;FF8:8=@ J;B@9=D8BZ
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UNIT 1
MODULE 2: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES EXPLANATORY NOTES
Phy s i c s o f t h e E ar and E ye con t ’ d )
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
A)@ 8>HE9;= @78 @8:?B mJ8H@7 AF FADCBf2
m9DDA??AJ9@;A=f2 mEA=K B;K7@f2 mB7A:@ B;K7@f2
m9B@;K?9@;B?f2 mD9@9:9D@Bf2 9=J J;BDCBB 7AI J8F8D@B
AF @78 8G8 D9= <8 DA::8D@8JZ
*9EDCE9@;A=B A= HAI8: AF DA::8D@;=K E8=B :8OC;:8J3
A)E J;BDCBB @78 FA:?9@;A= AF FADCB8J ;?9K8B ;= @78
B;?HE8 D9?8:9 9=J ?9K=;FG;=K KE9BB3
9H((&08&' Q&*=/1"( *"' R&*."1"( F=81C181&0
$A F9D;E;@9@8 B@CJ8=@Bf 9@@9;=?8=@ AF @78 A<Y8D@;M8B AF @7;B /AJCE82 @89D78:B 9:8 9JM;B8J @A 8=K9K8 B@CJ8=@B ;= @89D7;=K 9=J
E89:=;=K 9D@;M;@;8B E;B@8J <8EAI3
+) 6KMN Q]V GQ^ \KZGV KY VJIMYUKVVHN I\QMZ IM Q[VKPI\ RKLJH) -V]NHMVY PQ]\N KMOHYVKZIVH VGH HRRHPV QR RKLJH
VGKP_MHYY QM JHN]PVKQM QR \KZGV KMVHMYKVS QR I Y[HPKRKP RJH`]HMPS QJ VGH HRRHPV QR VGH \KZGV RJH`]HMPS QM
\QYY KM KMVHMYKVS RQJ VGH KNHMVKPI\ RKLJH)
1) :QMYVJ]PV I UQNH\ QR IM H\HPVJKPKVS ZHMHJIVQJ VGIV PIM LH [Q^HJHN LS VGH HMHJZS QR YHI ^IOHY)
A) :QMYVJ]PV I UQNH\ QR IM gKMOKYKL\Hh IKJPJIRV YKUK\IJ VQ VGH YVHI\VG IKJPJIRV ^GKPG KY PQMYVJ]PVHN VQ LHKMOKYKL\H VQ JINIJ ^IOHY) $M VGH YVHI\VG IKJPJIRV R\IV [IMH\Y IJH IMZ\HN YQ IY VQ JHR\HPV KMPKNHMV JINIJ
YKZMI\Y ][ QJ NQ^M JIVGHJ VGIM LIP_ VQ VGH JINIJ YVIVKQM)
C) :QMYVJ]PV I UQNH\ QR VGH HSH VGIV NHUQMYVJIVHY KVY Q[HJIVKQM IMN PQUUQM NHRHPVY) " YKU[\H \IYHJ
[QKMVHJ PQ]\N LH ]YHN IY VGH \KZGV YQ]JPH)
9) $MOHYVKZIVH VGH RIPVQJY KMR\]HMPKMZ VGH `]I\KVS QR MQVHY [JQN]PHN VGJQ]ZG VGH OKLJIVKQM QR ^IOHY KM YVJKMZY
IMN [K[HY)
?) $MOHYVKZIVH VGH ]YH QR ]\VJIYQMKP ^IOHY KM P\HIMKMZ aH^H\\HJS IMN VHHVG)
B) $MOHYVKZIVH VGH ]YH QR ]\VJIYQMKP ^IOHY KM UHNKPKMH)
@) $MOHYVKZIVH VGH ]YH QR YQMIJ ^IOHY)
E) $MOHYVKZIVH VGH ]YH QR ]\VJIYQMKPY KM YSYVHUY< Y]PG IY I\IJUY)
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UNIT 1
MODULE 2: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES (cont’d)
9H((&08&' Q&*=/1"( *"' R&*."1"( F=81C181&0
+F) ,HIY]JH VGH RJH`]HMPS JHY[QMYH QR VGH HIJ ^KVG JHY[HPV VQ ZHMNHJ IMN IZH)
++) ,HIY]JH VGH gMQKYHh KM NKRRHJHMV \QPIVKQMY< RQJ HTIU[\H< RIPVQJKHY< IKJ[QJVY< P\IYYJQQUY)
+1) DIVGHJ KMRQJUIVKQM IMN [JHYHMV NIVI QM YHKYUQZJI[GY)
+A) $MOHYVKZIVH VGH NHYKZM QR Y[HI_HJ LQTHY IMN U]YKPI\ KMYVJ]UHMVY)
+C) ,HIY]JH VGH eJHOHJLHJIVKQM VKUHd KM I [\IPH< Y]PG IY IM I]NKVQJK]U< PG]JPG QJ P\IYYJQQU)
+9) $MOHYVKZIVH NIU[KMZ KM YGQP_ ILYQJLHJY< PIJ U]RR\HJY< IPQ]YVKP VK\HY)
PR A C T I C A L A C T I V I T I E S
Th e t e a c h e r i s u r g e d t o r e i n f o r c e t h e r e l e v a n t a p p r o v e d c o d e s a n d s a f e t y p r a c t i c e s d u r i n g t h e d e li v e r y
of al l pr ac t i c al ac t i v i t i e s i n t he M odu l e .
STATIONARY WAVES
Re f e r t o S p e c i f i c O b j e c t i v e 2 . 9
Ai m s :
(a) $A ;=M8B@;K9@8 @78 H:AH8:@;8B AF B@9@;A=9:G I9M8B3
Q<T $A ?89BC:8 @78 I9M8E8=K@7 9=J F:8OC8=DG AF ?;D:AI9M8B3
QDT
$A 8B@;?9@8 @78 M8EAD;@G AF BAC=J ;= F:88 9;:3
Me t h o d :
-3 1@9@;A=9:G I9M8B A= 9 B@:;=K
Q# 01("*%
(&"&.*8#.
C1S.*8#.
%#*'
$C:= A= @78 B;K=9E K8=8:9@A: 9=J F;=J @78 F:8OC8=DG :8OC;:8J @A H:AJCD8 9 A=8XEAAH B@9=J;=K I9M83 $78= F;=J A@78:
F:8OC8=D;8B I7;D7 K;M8 & EAAHB2 \ EAAHB kkkk33
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UNIT 1
MODULE 2: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES (cont’d)
[G ?89=B AF 9 E;=89: K:9H7 CB8 GAC: :8BCE@B @A F;=J @78 M8EAD;@G AF @78 I9M8B A= @78 B@:;=K3
[3
1@9@;A=9:G /;D:AI9M8B
[G ?AM;=K @78 H:A<8 :8D8;M8: F;=J 9 =C?<8: AF DA=B8DC@;M8 =AJ8B 9=J 78=D8 ?89BC:8 @78 I9M8 E8=K@73 (>HE9;= I7G @7;B ;B
<8@@8: @79= @:G;=K @A F;=J @78 J;B@9=D8 <8@I88= @IA =AJ8B3 !B8 D_F @A F;=J @78 F:8OC8=DG AF @78 ?;D:AI9M8B QD _ \3WW > 6WS ?B X6T
*3
1@9@;A=9:G 1AC=J U9M8B
Q"A@8 @79@ @7;B B8@XCH I;EE A=EG G;8EJ 9= 9HH:A>;?9@8 M9EC8 FA: @78 I9M8E8=K@7T
N;=J @78 J;B@9=D8 <8@I88= @IA DA=B8DC@;M8 =AJ8B 9=J2 78=D82 F;=J @78 I9M8E8=K@7 AF @78 BAC=J3 N;=J M F:A? M_F 3 +8H89@
@78 8>H8:;?8=@ FA: 9 J;FF8:8=@ F:8OC8=DG3
REFRACTION AND THE CRITICAL ANGLE
Re f e r t o S p e c i f i c O bj e c t i ve 2 . 2 5
Ai m : $A ;=M8B@;K9@8 @78 :8F:9D@;A= AF E;K7@ 9@ 9= 9;:`L8:BH8> <AC=J9:G 9=J CB8 @78 J9@9 A<@9;=8J @A F;=J @78 D:;@;D9E 9=KE8 FA: E;K7@ @:9M8E;=K F:A? L8:BH8> @A 9;:3
Me t h o d :
!B8 H;=B @A @:9D8 @78 H9BB9K8 AF E;K7@ @7:ACK7 9 B8?;XD;:DCE9: <EADP AF H8:BH8> FA: M9:;ACB 9=KE8B AF
;=D;J8=D83 "A@8 @79@ @78 E;K7@ ;B ;=D;J8=@ A= @78 FE9@ F9D8 9=J GAC ?CB@ EAAP 9@ @78 9E;K=?8=@ AF
@78 H;=B @7:ACK7 @78 DC:M8J BC:F9D83 n#F 9M9;E9<E8 9 E;K7@ <A> DACEJ <8 CB8J @A @:9D8 @78 :9GB
;=B@89J AF H;=Bo3
25 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 1
MODULE 2: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES (cont’d)
#@ ;B ;?HA:@9=@ @79@ GAC @9P8 D9:8 ;= B8@@;=K CH @78 9HH9:9@CB' ;F @78 ;=D;J8=@ :9G JA8B =A@ KA @7:ACK7 @78 D8=@:8 AF @78 D;:DE8
@78= @78 :8F:9D@8J :9G I;EE <8=J 9K9;= 9@ @78 DC:M8J BC:F9D83
LEA@ 9 K:9H7 AF β 9K9;=B@ 9=J 8>@8=J @78 K:9H7 @A F;=J @78 M9EC8 AF β I78= ;B lWp3
-EBA HEA@ 9 E;=89: K:9H7 I;@7 @78 B9?8 J9@9 9=J A<@9;= 9 B8DA=J M9EC8 FA: @78 D:;@;D9E 9=KE83
#= GAC: BC??9:G DA??8=@ A= @78 :8E9@;M8 ?8:;@B AF @78 @IA 9E@8:=9@;M8 I9GB AF 79=JE;=K @78 J9@93
26 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 1
MODULE 3: THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
%M PQU[\HVKQM QR VGKY ,QN]\H< YV]NHMVY YGQ]\N;
+) ]MNHJYVIMN VGH [JKMPK[\HY KMOQ\OHN KM VGH NHYKZM IMN ]YH QR VGHJUQUHVHJYc
1) LH I^IJH QR VGH VGHJUI\ [JQ[HJVKHY QR UIVHJKI\Y IMN VGHKJ [JIPVKPI\ KU[QJVIMPH KM HOHJSNIS \KRHc
A) ]MNHJYVIMN VGH OIJKQ]Y UQNHY QR GHIV VJIMYRHJc
C) LH RIUK\KIJ ^KVG VGH _KMHVKP VGHQJS QR ZIYHY IMN VGH H`]IVKQM QR YVIVH QR IM KNHI\ ZIYc
9) J;BHE9G I ^QJ_KMZ _MQ^\HNZH QR VGH RKJYV \I^ QR VGHJUQNSMIUKPYc
?) LH I^IJH QR VGH UHPGIMKPI\ [JQ[HJVKHY QR UIVHJKI\Y IMN VGHKJ [JIPVKPI\ KU[QJVIMPH KM HOHJSNIS \KRH)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
?J T&01(" *"' 40& #5 Q/&.,#,&8&.0
EXPLANATORY NOTES
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
+)+ NKYP]YY GQ^ I [GSYKPI\ [JQ[HJVS UIS LH ]YHN
VQ UHIY]JH VHU[HJIV]JHc
$MP\]NH LQVG \KMHIJ IMN MQM3\KMHIJ OIJKIVKQM
^KVG VHU[HJIV]JH)
+)1 J8BD:;<8 @78 H7GB;D9E F89@C:8B AF BH8D;F;D
@78:?A?8@8:Bc
);OC;JX;=XKE9BB2 :8B;B@9=D8 Q;=DECJ;=K @78:?;B@A:T2
@78:?ADACHE8 9=J DA=B@9=@ MAEC?8 K9B
@78:?A?8@8:3
+)A NKYP]YY VGH INOIMVIZHY IMN NKYINOIMVIZHY QR
VGHYH VGHJUQUHVHJYc
+)C JHPI\\ VGIV VGH ILYQ\]VH VGHJUQNSMIUKP YPI\H
QR VHU[HJIV]JH NQHY MQV NH[HMN QM VGH
[JQ[HJVS QR IMS [IJVKP]\IJ Y]LYVIMPHc
+)9 NHVHJUKMH VHU[HJIV]JHY KM _H\OKM< KM
NHZJHHY :H\YK]Y IMN QM VGH HU[KJKPI\
PHMVKZJINH YPI\HY)
(?H;:;D9E BD9E8
j8EM;= BD9E8
$ _ &R\36^ j
` A*_$`j − &R\36V
27 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
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UNIT 1
MODULE 3: THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES EXPLANATORY NOTES
EJ Q/&.,*% D.#-&.81&0
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
1)+ HT[JHYY VGH KMVHJMI\ HMHJZS QR I YSYVHU IY
VGH Y]U QR VGH _KMHVKP IMN [QVHMVKI\
HMHJZKHY IYYQPKIVHN ^KVG VGH UQ\HP]\HY QR
VGH YSYVHUc
1)1 JH\IVH I JKYH KM VHU[HJIV]JH VQ IM KMPJHIYH KM
KMVHJMI\ HMHJZSc
1)A 8>HE9;= VGH VHJUY eGHIV PI[IPKVSd IMN eY[HPKRKP
GHIV PI[IPKVSdc
1)C [HJRQJU HT[HJKUHMVY VQ NHVHJUKMH VGH
Y[HPKRKP GHIV PI[IPKVS QR \K`]KNY IMN UHVI\Y
LS H\HPVJKPI\ UHVGQNY IMN LS VGH UHVGQN QR
UKTV]JHYc
0QVG H\HPVJKPI\ UHVGQNY IMN VGH UHVGQN QR
UKTV]JHY IJH VQ LH PQOHJHN)
1)9 HT[\IKM VGH PQMPH[VY QR eUH\VKMZd IMN
eLQK\KMZd KM VHJUY QR HMHJZS KM[]V ^KVG MQ
PGIMZH KM VHU[HJIV]JHc
1)? JH\IVH VGH PQMPH[VY QR UH\VKMZ IMN LQK\KMZ VQ
PGIMZHY KM KMVHJMI\ [QVHMVKI\ HMHJZSc
1)B 8>HE9;= VGH VHJU eY[HPKRKP \IVHMV GHIVdc
1)@ ]YH ZJI[GY QR VHU[HJIV]JH IZIKMYV VKUH VQ
NHVHJUKMH RJHHbKMZ QJ UH\VKMZ [QKMVY IMN
LQK\KMZ [QKMVYc
28 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 1
MODULE 3: THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Q/&.,*% D.#-&.81&0 2=#"8>'3
EXPLANATORY NOTES
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
1)E [HJRQJU HT[HJKUHMVY VQ NHVHJUKMH VGH
Y[HPKRKP \IVHMV GHIVYc
0QVG H\HPVJKPI\ UHVGQNY IMN VGH UHVGQN QR
UKTV]JHY IJH VQ LH PQOHJHN) 188 BCKK8B@8J
H:9D@;D9E 9D@;M;@G A= H9K8 \g3
1)+F HT[\IKM VGH PQQ\KMZ ^GKPG IPPQU[IMKHY
HOI[QJIVKQMc
#GKY YGQ]\N LH NQMH KM VHJUY QR \IVHMV GHIV
IMN KM VHJUY QR VGH HYPI[H QR UQ\HP]\HY ^KVG
GKZG _KMHVKP HMHJZS)
1)++ -Q\OH M]UHJKPI\ [JQL\HUY ]YKMZ VGH H`]IVKQMY
( 4 _ ? D Δ θ *"' ( 4 _ ? ) )
MJ U&*8 Q.*"05&.
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
A)+ NHYPJKLH VGH UHPGIMKYU QR VGHJUI\
PQMN]PVKQMc
A)1 ]YH VGH H`]IVKQM VQ YQ\OH[JQL\HUY KM QMH3NKUHMYKQMI\ GHIV R\Q^c
!HYVJKPV ]YH VQ PIYHY QR QMH3NKUHMYKQMI\ GHIVR\Q^)
A)A YQ\OH M]UHJKPI\ [JQL\HUY KMOQ\OKMZ PQU[QYKVH
DA=JCD@A:Bc
!B8 AF DA=D8H@ AF 8OC;M9E8=@ DA=JCD@A: )
A)C NKYP]YY VGH [JKMPK[\HY KMOQ\OHN KM VGH
NHVHJUKMIVKQM QR VGHJUI\ PQMN]PVKOKVS QR
ZQQN IMN LIN PQMN]PVQJYc
A)9 HT[\IKM VGH [JQPHYY QR PQMOHPVKQM IY I
PQMYH`]HMPH QR I PGIMZH QR NHMYKVS< IMN ]YH
VGKY PQMPH[V VQ HT[\IKM QPHIM P]JJHMVY IMN
^KMNYc
29 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
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UNIT 1
MODULE 3: THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
U&*8 Q.*"05&. 2=#"8>'3
EXPLANATORY NOTES
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
A)? NKYP]YY VGHJUI\ JINKIVKQM IMN YQ\OH
[JQL\HUY ]YKMZ -VHRIMdY H`]IVKQMc
NA: 9 <E9DP <AJG L_-σ $ g3 #=DECJ8 =8@ :9@8 AF
:9J;9@;A=3
A)B HT[\IKM VGH ZJHHMGQ]YH HRRHPVc
A)@ NKYP]YY I[[\KPIVKQMY QR VGH VJIMYRHJ QR HMHJZS
LS PQMN]PVKQM< PQMOHPVKQM IMN JINKIVKQMc
$MP\]NH OIP]]U R\IY_Y IMN YQ\IJ ^IVHJ
GHIVHJY)
A)E NKYP]YY VGH NHOH\Q[UHMV QR GHIVKMZ IMNPQQ\KMZ YSYVHUY VQ JHN]PH VGH :IJKLLHIM
NH[HMNHMPS QM RQYYK\ R]H\Y)
NJ Q/& !1"&81= Q/&#.I #5 V*0&0
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
C)+ ]YH VGH H`]IVKQM QR YVIVH RQJ IM KNHI\ ZIY
HT[JHYYHN IY IMN
C)1 NKYP]YY VGH LIYKP IYY]U[VKQMY QR VGH _KMHVKPVGHQJS QR ZIYHYc
C)A HT[\IKM GQ^ UQ\HP]\IJ UQOHUHMV KY
JHY[QMYKL\H RQJ VGH [JHYY]JH HTHJVHN LS I ZIYc
C)C NHJKOH IMN ]YH VGH H`]IVKQM c #=DECJ8 D9EDCE9@;A=B AF :3?3B3 BH88J2 A: qD&r
C)9 CB8 @A J8JCD8 @78 8OC9@;A= FA:
@78 9M8:9K8 @:9=BE9@;A=9E P;=8@;D 8=8:KG AF
?A=9@A?;D ?AE8DCE8BZ
30 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 1
MODULE 3: THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES EXPLANATORY NOTES
Q/& !1"&81= Q/&#.I #5 V*0&0 2=#"8>'3
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
g3^ J8JCD8 @A@9E P;=8@;D 8=8:KG AF 9 ?A=9@A?;D K9B3 $A@9E P;=8@;D 8=8:K G
PJ O1.08 R*$ #5 Q/&.,#'I"*,1=0
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
9)+ ]YH VGH VHJU eUQ\IJ GHIV PI[IPKVSdc (4_= *M ∆θ A: (4_= *H∆θ
9)1 NKYP]YY ^GS VGH UQ\IJ GHIV PI[IPKVS QR I ZIY
IV PQMYVIMV OQ\]UH KY NKRRHJHMV RJQU VGIV QR
I ZIY IV PQMYVIMV [JHYY]JHc
*H_*Ma+
9)A PI\P]\IVH VGH ^QJ_ NQMH QM I ZIY ]YKMZ VGH
H`]IVKQM B W - Δ X c
9)C NHN]PH ^QJ_ NQMH RJQU I -YX ZJI[Gc
9)9 HT[JHYY VGH RKJYV \I^ QR VGHJUQNSMIUKPY KMVHJUY QR VGH PGIMZH KM KMVHJMI\ HMHJZS< VGH
GHIV Y][[\KHN VQ VGH YSYVHU IMN VGH ^QJ_
NQMH QM VGH YSYVHUc
! _ h a U
9)? YQ\OH [JQL\HUY KMOQ\OKMZ VGH RKJYV \I^ QR
VGHJUQNSMIUKPY)
31 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
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UNIT 1
MODULE 3: THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
ZJ @&=/*"1=*% D.#-&.81&0 #5 @*8&.1*%0
EXPLANATORY NOTES
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
?)+ 8>HE9;= 9=J ]YH VGH VHJUY eNHMYKVSd IMN
e[JHYY]JHdc
[ j 6k" ρ j ,k>
?)1 NHJKOH IMN ]YH VGH H`]IVKQM Δ H _ ρ KΔ 7 RQJ
VGH [JHYY]JH NKRRHJHMPH KM I \K`]KNc
?)A JH\IVH VGH NKRRHJHMPH KM VGH YVJ]PV]JHY IMN
NHMYKVKHY QR YQ\KNY< \K`]KNY IMN ZIYHY VQ
YKU[\H KNHIY QR VGH Y[IPKMZ< QJNHJKMZ IMN
UQVKQM QR VGHKJ UQ\HP]\HYc
?)C NHYPJKLH I YKU[\H _KMHVKP UQNH\ RQJ VGH
LHGIOKQ]J QR YQ\KNY< \K`]KNY IMN ZIYHYc
?)9 NKYVKMZ]KYG LHV^HHM VGH YVJ]PV]JH QR
PJSYVI\\KMH IMN MQM3PJSYVI\\KMH YQ\KNY< ^KVG
[IJVKP]\IJ JHRHJHMPH VQ UHVI\Y< [Q\SUHJY IMN
Z\IYYHYc
,I_H [IJVKP]\IJ JHRHJHMPH VQ UHVI\Y< [Q\SUHJY
IMN Z\IYYHY)
?)? J;BDCBB @78 B@:8@D7;=K AF BH:;=KB 9=J I;:8 ;= @8:?B
AF EA9J 8>@8=B;A=Z
4AAP8fB E9I
1H:;=K DA=B@9=@
?)B ]YH @78 :8E9@;A=B7;H 9?A=K eYVJHYYd< eYVJIKMd IMN
eVGH 8Q]MZ UQN]\]Yd VQ YQ\OH [JQL\HUYc(_
?)@ [HJRQJU HT[HJKUHMVY VQ NHVHJUKMH VGH
8Q]MZ UQN]\]Y QR I UHVI\ KM VGH RQJU QR I
^KJHc
?)E NHUQMYVJIVH _MQ^\HNZH QR VGH RQJPH3
HTVHMYKQM ZJI[GY RQJ VS[KPI\ N]PVK\H< LJKVV\H
IMN [Q\SUHJKP UIVHJKI\Yc
6QJ HTIU[\H< PQ[[HJ< Z\IYY< J]LLHJ)
?)+F NHN]PH VGH YVJIKM HMHJZS KM I NHRQJUHN
UIVHJKI\ RJQU I RQJPH3HTVHMYKQM ZJI[Gc
32 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 1
MODULE 3: THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
@&=/*"1=*% D.#-&.81&0 #5 @*8&.1*%0 2=#"8>'3
EXPLANATORY NOTES
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
?)++ J;B@;=KC;B7 <8@I88= 8E9B@;D 9=J ;=8E9B@;D
J8FA:?9@;A=B AF 9 ?9@8:;9EZ
5=EG OC9E;@9@;M8 P=AIE8JK8 ;B :8OC;:8J3
188 BCKK8B@8J H:9D@;D9E 9D@;M;@G A= H9K8 \V3
?)+1 NKYP]YY VGH KU[QJVIMPH QR H\IYVKPKVS KM
YVJ]PV]JHY)
:QMYKNHJ ^GIV GI[[HMY VQ VI\\ L]K\NKMZY<
LJKNZHY IMN LQMHY ^GHM \IJZH RQJPHY IJH
I[[\KHN)
9H((&08&' Q&*=/1"( *"' R&*."1"( F=81C181&0
$A F9D;E;@9@8 B@CJ8=@Bf 9@@9;=?8=@ AF @78 A<Y8D@;M8B AF @7;B /AJCE82 @89D78:B 9:8 9JM;B8J @A 8=K9K8 B@CJ8=@B ;= @89D7;=K 9=J
E89:=;=K 9D@;M;@;8B E;B@8J <8EAI3
+) $MOHYVKZIVH GQ^ VGJHH NKRRHJHMV [GSYKPI\ [JQ[HJVKHY OIJS ^KVG VHU[HJIV]JH)
1) $MOHYVKZIVH VGH Y]KVILK\KVS QR ]YKMZ KJQM< PQ[[HJ QJ I\]UKM]U IY VGH UHVI\ ]YHN RQJ UI_KMZ IM HMZKMH
L\QP_)
A) $MOHYVKZIVH VGH GHIV R\Q^ VGJQ]ZG NKRRHJHMV UIVHJKI\Y QR VGH YIUH VGKP_MHYY IMN JHPQUUHMN VGH ]YH QR
QMH KM VGH PQMYVJ]PVKQM KMN]YVJS< RQJ HTIU[\H< LJKP_< PQMPJHVH< Z\IYY IMN ^QQN)
C) $MOHYVKZIVH VGKY YVIVHUHMV; GHIV R\Q^ KM VHTVK\HY PIM QPP]J LS I\\ VGJHH UHVGQNY QR GHIV VJIMYRHJ< L]V RQJ
UHVI\Y QM\S PQMN]PVKQM KY [QYYKL\H)
9) $MOHYVKZIVH VGH HRRHPV QR ZJHHMGQ]YH ZIYHY QM Z\QLI\ ^IJUKMZ)
?) $MOHYVKZIVH GHIV VJIMYRHJ [JQPHYYHY KM VGH YQ\IJ ^IVHJ GHIVHJ)
B) :QMYVJ]PV I UQNH\ QR I YQ\IJ PJQ[ NJSHJ)
@) :QMYVJ]PV I UQNH\ QR I YQ\IJ IKJ PQMNKVKQMHJ)
E) :QMYVJ]PV I UQNH\ QR I YQ\IJ YVK\\)
+F) :QMYVJ]PV I UQNH\ QR I YQ\IJ JHRJKZHJIVQJ)
++) $MOHYVKZIVH VGH JQ\H QR VGHJUQNSMIUKPY KM VGH Q[HJIVKQM QR VGH RQ]J3YVJQ_H [HVJQ\ HMZKMH)
33 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
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UNIT 1
MODULE 3: THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER (cont’d)
Q;T
Q;;T
@78 BH8D;F;D E9@8=@ 789@ AF M9HA:;c9@;A= AF 9 E;OC;J <G 9= 8E8D@:;D9E ?8@7AJ' 9=J
@78 BH8D;F;D E9@8=@ 789@ AF FCB;A= AF ;D8 <G @78 ?8@7AJ AF ?;>@C:8B3
, H*V*G*Q*N*; Q9T $78 ?A:8 BAH7;B@;D9@8J 9HH9:9@CB ;= @78 @8>@ ?9G =A@ <8 9M9;E9<E82 ;= I7;D7 D9B8 @78 9HH9:9@CB
B7AI= <8EAI D9= <8 CB8J3 $78 H:;=D;HE8 ;B @78 B9?83 $78 8=8:KG BCHHE;8J 9F@8: @78 E;OC;J 79B
B@9:@8J @A <A;E ;B 8OC9E @A @78 789@ :8OC;:8J @A <A;E AFF 9 ?9BB = AF E;OC;J HECB @78 789@ @A @78
BC::AC=J;=KB2 42 @79@ ;B2 sE@_?)a43
+1) $MOHYVKZIVH VGH ]YHY QR PJSYVI\\KMH IMN MQM3PJSYVI\\KMH YQ\KNY KM VGH YHUKPQMN]PVQJ KMN]YVJS)
+A) $MOHYVKZIVH VGH ]YHY QR [Q\SUHJY IMN Z\IYYHY)
+C) $MOHYVKZIVH RQJPH3HTVHMYKQM ZJI[GY RQJ UHVI\ ^KJHY< Z\IYY RKLJHY IMN J]LLHJ)
2 * *:*#*$*:* *'* *:*#*$*>*$*#*$*(*-
# G*H* V*H*I*P*G*H*J* K*Y* ]*J*Z*H*N* V*Q* J*H*K*M*R*Q*J*P*H* V*G*H* J*H*\*H*O*I*M*V* I*[*[*J*Q*O*H*N* P*Q*N*H*Y* I*M*N* Y*I*R*H*V*S* [*J*I*P*V*K*P*H*Y* N*]*J*K*M*Z* V*
G*H* N*H*\*K*O*H*J*S*Q R* I \*\* [ J*I P*V*K*P*I \* I P*V*K*O*K*V*K*H*Y* K*M* V*G H* ,*QN ]*\*H*)
' #(&#*7( #
H*R*H*J* V*Q* -*[*H*P*K*R*K*P* %*L*a*H*P V*K*O*H* 1*)*E
K*U*; $A J8@8:?;=8'
#F @78 H:AD8JC:8 ;B :8H89@8J I;@7 J;FF8:8=@ M9EC8B AF s 9=J # <C@ I;@7 @78 B9?8 @;?82 @2 @78= @78 E9B@ @8:?
?9G <8 8E;?;=9@8J <G BC<@:9D@;A=3 Q(>HE9;= I7G @78 789@ EABB ;B @78 B9?8 ;= <A@7 D9B8B2 H:AM;J8J @78 @;?8
;B @78 B9?8T3
34 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 1
MODULE 3: THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER (cont’d)
Q<T - 1@G:AFA9? DCH2 I7;D7 79B 9 =8KE;K;<E8 789@ D9H9D;@G2 ;B @A <8 CB8J 9B @78 D9EA:;?8@8:3
*9:8FCEEG DA=B;J8: @78 HABB;<E8 8::A:B ;= @7;B ?8@7AJ <8FA:8 B@9:@;=K3 - KAAJ I9G AF :8JCD;=K @78 8FF8D@ AF @78
BC::AC=J;=KB ;B @A B@9:@ @78 8>H8:;?8=@ I;@7 @78 I9@8: ;= @78 DCH 9<AM8 :AA? @8?H8:9@C:8 9=J 9JJ B?9EE
H;8D8B AF J:;8J ;D8 C=@;E @78 @8?H8:9@C:8 ;B B9?8 9?AC=@ <8EAI :AA? @8?H8:9@C:83
-# (#:7$&D*D' --* &/* 500(
H*R*H*J* V*Q* -*[*H*P*K*R*K*P* %*L*a*H*P*V*K*O*H* ?*)*+*+
K*U*Y*; Q9T $A DA?H9:8 @78 <:89P;=K B@:8BB AF KE9BB I;@7 @79@ AF :C<<8:3
Q<T $A ;=M8B@;K9@8 @78 <879M;AC: AF :C<<8: I78= ;@ ;B EA9J8J 9=J C=EA9J8J3
, H*V*G*Q*N*; 1@ : 8 @ D 7 ; =K K E 9 B B D A C E J < 8 J 9 =K 8 : A CB B A @ 7 ; B H 9 : @ A F @ 7 8 8 > H 8 : ; ? 8 = @ I ; E E < 8 H 8 :F A :? 8 J < G
@7 8 E 9 < A: 9@ A: G 9 BB ; B@ 9 = @ 3 U9 : = ; = K ' [( s (+ , * - + (N ! ) I; @ 7 @ 7 8 K E 9 B B 3 . A = A@79M 8 G AC : 8 G 8 B = 8 9 : ; @ 9 @ 9= G @ ; ? 8 3
,AC I;EE <8 H:AM;J8J I;@7 9 H;8D8 AF :C<<8: <9=J3 -JJ EA9JB @A ;@ C=@;E ;@ <:89PB 9=J ?9P8 A@78: =8D8BB9:G
?89BC:8?8=@B BA @79@ GAC D9= IA:P AC@ @78 <:89P;=K B@:8BB3
!B;=K 9 B;?;E9: H;8D8 AF :C<<8: @A @79@ ;= Q9T 9JJ ?9BB8B ;= 6WW K ;=D:8?8=@B C=@;E @78 EA9J ;B \WW K E8BB
@79= @78 ?9>;?C?3 NA: 89D7 EA9J ?89BC:8 @78 8>@8=B;A= AF @78 :C<<8:3 *A=@;=C8 ?89BC:;=K @78 8>@8=B;A= 9B
@78 EA9J ;B :8?AM8J3 LEA@ 9 K:9H7 @A ;EECB@:9@8 GAC: :8BCE@B3
"A@8' #@ ;B <8B@ =A@ @A ?89BC:8 @78 E8=K@7 AF @78 :C<<8: <8@I88= @78 BCHHA:@ 9=J @78 P=A@ <8D9CB8 @78 :C<<8:
?;K7@ BE;H3 #=B@89J CB8 @IA F;=8 ;=P ?9:PB J:9I= A= @78 <9=J3
QL:8H9:9@;A=' 0E9BB :AJ ;B 789@8J 9=J 9 7AAP ?9J83 $78= ;@ ;B 789@8J ;= @78 D8=@:8 9=J B@:8@D78J @A H:AJCD8 9 @7;=B8D@;A=3T
QB A J 9 K E 9 BB T
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◆ UNIT 2: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM, A. C. THEORY AND
ELECTRONICS, ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
MODULE 1: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
%M PQU[\HVKQM QR VGKY ,QN]\H< YV]NHMVY YGQ]\N;
+) ]MNHJYVIMN H\HPVJQYVIVKP [GHMQUHMIc
1) ]MNHJYVIMN H\HPVJKPI\ `]IMVKVKHY IMN VGH JH\IVKQMYGK[Y IUQMZ VGHUc
A) 9=9EGB8 PKJP]KVY ^KVG OIJKQ]Y H\HPVJKPI\ PQU[QMHMVYc
C) ]MNHJYVIMN VGH PQMPH[V QR H\HPVJKP RKH\NYc
9) <8 9I9:8 AF @78 J8B;K= 9=J CB8 AF D9H9D;@A:BZ
?) NHUQMYVJIVH I PQMPH[V]I\ ]MNHJYVIMNKMZ QR UIZMHVKP RKH\NYc
B) C=J8:B@9=J 7AI UIZMHVKP RQJPHY 9:;B8c
@) NHUQMYVJIVH I ^QJ_KMZ _MQ^\HNZH QR H\HPVJQUIZMHVKP [GHMQUHMI)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
?J ( \H *P*V*J*K*P*I*\* 4*]*I*M*V*K*V*K*H*Y
EXPLANATORY NOTES
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
+)+ ]YH VGH H`]IVKQM K W L8 VQ YQ\OH [JQL\HUYc
+)1 NHRKMH VGH ePQ]\QULdc
+)A NHRKMH VGH eOQ\Vdc
+)C ]YH VGH H`]IVKQM X W B[K VQ YQ\OH [JQL\HUYc
+)9 ]YH VGH H`]IVKQM X W L\ VQ YQ\OH [JQL\HUYc
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UNIT 2
MODULE 1: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES EXPLANATORY NOTES
6%&=8.1=*% KH*"8181&0 2=#"8>'3
63^ ]YH VGH H`]IVKQMY D W LXA D W LE\A D W X E [\
VQ YQ\OH [JQL\HUYZ
63R J8F;=8 9=J CB8 @78 @8:? :8B;B@;M;@GZ
63S ]YH HMHJZS PQMYKNHJIVKQMY VQ NKYVKMZ]KYG
LHV^HHM H)U)R) IMN [)N)c
63l
HT[\IKM NJKRV OH\QPKVS 2ν 3c
636W J8:;M8 9=J CB8 @78 8OC9@;A= # _ = 8ν - FA:
8E8D@:A=B ?AM;=K ;= 9 ?8@9EQ= _ D79:K8 J8=B;@GT3
$MP\]NH VGH QLYHJOIVKQM VGIV H)U)R KY
IYYQPKIVHN ^KVG YQ]JPHY QJ IPVKOH NHOKPHY
^GHJHIY [)N) KY ]YHN KM JHRHJHMPH VQ IM
H\HPVJKP RKH\N QJ [IYYKOH NHOKPH)
-KMPH I YKUK\IJ H`]IVKQM NHYPJKLHY VGH R\Q^
QR [IJVKP\HY KM ]MKRQJU PGIMMH\Y< PIMNKNIVHY
YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ I[[\S Y]PG H`]IVKQMY VQ
YHUKPQMN]PVQJY IMN 8E8D@:AEG@8B3
EJ 6%&=8.1=*% +1.=H180
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
1)+ Y_HVPG VGH $ 3 > PGIJIPVHJKYVKP RQJ I UHVI\\KPPQMN]PVQJ IV PQMYVIMV VHU[HJIV]JH< I
YHUKPQMN]PVQJ NKQNH< IMN I RK\IUHMV \IU[c
(T[\IKM VGHYH PGIJIPVHJKYVKPY KM VHJUY QR VGH OIJKIVKQM KM JHYKYVIMPH QR VGH NHOKPH)
1)1 Y_HVPG VGH OIJKIVKQM QR JHYKYVIMPH ^KVG
VHU[HJIV]JH RQJ I VGHJUKYVQJ I;@7 =8K9@;M8
@8?H8:9@C:8 DAX8FF;D;8=@Z
"\YQ KMP\]NH NKRRHJHMV VS[HY QR VGHJUKYVQJY
IMN NKYP]YY VGH NKRRHJHMPHY LHV^HHM VGH ! l
# PGIJIPVHJKYVKPY3
1)A YQ\OH [JQL\HUY KMOQ\OKMZ VHJUKMI\ [)N) IMN
HTVHJMI\ \QIN< ZKOHM VGIV YQ]JPHY QR H)U)R)
[QYYHYY KMVHJMI\ JHYKYVIMPHc
!B8 8>9?HE8B AF J;FF8:8=@ @GH8B AF BAC:D82 FA:
8>9?HE82 H:;?9:G 9=J B8DA=J9:G D78?;D9E D8EEB2
BAE9: D8EEB2 K8=8:9@A:B3
1)C NJI^ IMN KMVHJ[JHV PKJP]KV NKIZJIUYc *A=B;J8: J3D3 D;:DC;@B ;=MAEM;=K BAC:D8B AF 83?3F3
9=J :8B;B@;M8 D;:DC;@ 8E8?8=@B3
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UNIT 2
MODULE 1: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES EXPLANATORY NOTES
6%&=8.1=*% +1.=H180 2=#"8>'3
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
1)9 I[[\S .KJPGGQRRY \I^Y VQ ZKOHM PKJP]KVYZ j;:D77AFFfB N;:B@ )9I ;B 9 DA=B8OC8=D8 AF
DA=B8:M9@;A= AF D79:K8 9=J j;:D77AFFfB 18DA=J
)9I2 9 DA=B8OC8=D8 AF DA=B8:M9@;A= AF 8=8:KG3
1)? NHJKOH IMN ]YH VGH RQJU]\I RQJ VGH HRRHPVKOH
JHYKYVIMPH QR V^Q QJ UQJH JHYKYVQJY KM B8:;8BZ
1)B NHJKOH IMN ]YH VGH RQJU]\I RQJ V^Q QJ UQJH
JHYKYVQJY KM [IJI\\H\c
1)@ ]YH VGH [QVHMVKI\ NKOKNHJ IY I YQ]JPH QR
OIJKIL\H IMN RKTHN [)N)c
1)E CB8 @78 U789@B@A=8 <:;JK8 9B 9 ?89=B AF
DA?H9:;=K :8B;B@9=D8B3
$:89@ 9B 9 JAC<E8 HA@8=@;9E J;M;J8:3
A ) ( \H *P*V*J*K*P* 6*K*H*\*N*Y
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
\36
8>HE9;= @78 J;FF8:8=D8 <8@I88= 8E8D@:;D9E
DA=JCD@A:B 9=J ;=BCE9@A:BZ
-= 8E8D@:A= ?AJ8E B7ACEJ <8 CB8J ;= @78
8>HE9=9@;A=3
\3& J;BDCBB B;?HE8 H:9D@;D9E 9HHE;D9@;A=B AF
8E8D@:AB@9@;D H78=A?8=92 BCD7 9B 9K:;DCE@C:9E
BH:9G;=K 9=J JCB@ 8>@:9D@;A=Z
-JJ;@;A=9E 8>9?HE8B D9= <8 J:9I= F:A? ?A:8
?AJ8:= J8M;D8B BCD7 9B 8E8D@:AB@9@;D DAH;8:B 9=J
E9B8: H:;=@8:B3
\3\
J;BDCBB 79c9:JB 9BBAD;9@8J I;@7 D79:K;=K <G
F:;D@;A=Z
/8=@;A= @78 ?9K=;@CJ8B AF @78 H7GB;D9E OC9=@;@;8B
;=MAEM8J3
\3g
8>HE9;= @78 9D@;A= AF E;K7@=;=K :AJB ;= @78
H:A@8D@;A= AF <C;EJ;=KBZ
+8OC;:8B A=EG 9 B;?HE8 8>HE9=9@;A= AF 7AI 9 K9B
<:89PB JAI= 9=J <8K;=B @A DA=JCD@ I78= BC<Y8D@8J@A M8:G 7;K7 8E8D@:;D F;8EJB3
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UNIT 2
MODULE 1: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
EXPLANATORY NOTES
6%&=8.1= O1&%'0 2=#"8>'3
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
\3V ]YH :Q]\QULdY 'I^ RQJ VGH RQJPH LHV^HHM
PGIJZHY KM RJHH Y[IPH QJ IKJ VQ YQ\OH
[JQL\HUYc
:QMYKNHJ PQULKMIVKQMY QR PGIJZHY IJJIMZHN KM
OHJS YKU[\H IJJIMZHUHMVY) 5YH I OHPVQJ
I[[JQIPG VQ NHVHJUKMH VGH JHY]\VIMV RQJPH QM
I YKMZ\H [QKMV PGIJZH N]H VQ QVGHJ [QKMV
PGIJZHY3
\3^ ]YH RQJ VGH RKH\N YVJHMZVG N]H
VQ I [QKMV PGIJZHc
( ;B 9 M8D@A:3
\3R PI\P]\IVH VGH RKH\N YVJHMZVG QR VGH ]MKRQJU
RKH\N LHV^HHM PGIJZHN [IJI\\H\ [\IVHY< KM
VHJUY QR [QVHMVKI\ NKRRHJHMPH IMN YH[IJIVKQM
QR VGH [\IVHYc
\3S PI\P]\IVH VGH RQJPH QM I PGIJZHN [IJVKP\H KM I
]MKRQJU H\HPVJKP RKH\Nc
N_(h
\3l NHYPJKLH VGH HRRHPV QR I ]MKRQJU H\HPVJKP RKH\N
QM VGH UQVKQM QR PGIJZHN [IJVKP\HYc
:QMYKNHJ UQVKQMY [HJ[HMNKP]\IJ IMN [IJI\\H\
VQ VGH H\HPVJKP RKH\N3
\36W YQ\OH M]UHJKPI\ [JQL\HUY KMOQ\OKMZ VGH
UQVKQM QR PGIJZHN [IJVKP\HY KM I ]MKRQJU
H\HPVJKP RKH\N 9=J DA?H9:8 @7;B ?A@;A= @A @79@ AF
9 H:AY8D@;E8 ;= 9 K:9M;@9@;A=9E F;8EJZ
\366 ]YH VGH RIPV VGIV VGH RKH\N YVJHMZVG IV I [QKMV
KY M]UHJKPI\\S H`]I\ VQ VGH [QVHMVKI\
ZJINKHMV IV VGIV [QKMVZ
]YH VGH H`]IVKQM RQJ VGH\36&
[QVHMVKI\ N]H VQ I [QKMV PGIJZHc
:QMYKNHJ VGH ]MKRQJU H\HPVJKP RKH\N IMN LS
NHVHJUKMKMZ VGH ^QJ_ NQMH [HJ ]MKV PGIJZH<
OHJKRS VGKY JH\IVKQMYGK[3 +8F8: @A 1H8D;F;D
5<Y8D@;M8 \3R
:QU[IJH VGH [QVHMVKI\ N]H VQ I [QKMV PGIJZH ^KVG VGIV N]H VQ I PGIJZHN Y[GHJH QR JINK]Y J)
s ;B 9 BD9E9:3
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UNIT 2
MODULE 1: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
EXPLANATORY NOTES
6%&=8.1= O1&%'0 2=#"8>'3
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
\36\ F;=J @78 HA@8=@;9E 9@ 9 HA;=@ JC8 @A B8M8:9E
D79:K8B3
*A=@:9B@ I;@7 M8D@A: 9JJ;@;A= ;= 1H8D;F;D
5<Y8D@;M8B \3V 9=J \3^3
C ) :I[*I*P*K*V*Q*J*Y
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
g36 HT[\IKM VGH eRIJINdc
g3&
]YH +W K[X VQ YQ\OH [JQL\HUYc
g3\
]YH VGH RQJU]\I c+8F8: @A @78 CB8 AF J;8E8D@:;DB @A H:AJCD8 D9H9D;@A:B
AF E9:K8: M9EC8B I;@7 @78 B9?8 J;?8=B;A=B3
/8=@;A= @78 @GH8B AF J;8E8D@:;DB 9=J @78 :9=K8 AF
@78;: J;8E8D@:;D DA=B@9=@B A: :8E9@;M8 H8:?;@;M;@G3
g3g NHJKOH IMN ]YH RQJU]\IH RQJ PI[IPKVQJY KM
[IJI\\H\ IMN YHJKHY VQ YQ\OH [JQL\HUYc
#=DECJ8 H:A<E8?B A= 8OC;M9E8=@ D9H9D;@9=D8 FA:
B;?HE8 B8:;8B H9:9EE8E DA?<;=9@;A=B3
g3V ]YH VGH HMHJZS YVQJHN KM I PI[IPKVQJ IY
A IMN VQ
YQ\OH [JQL\HUYc
.;BDCBB @78 ?8D79=;B? AF 8=8:KG B@A:9K8 ;= 9
D9H9D;@A:3
g3^
:8D9EE 9=J CB8 @78 8OC9@;A=B FA: D9H9D;@A:
J;BD79:K8Z h_ hW8 x H
#_ #W8 x H
s_s W8 x H
Q+* ;B @78 d@;?8 DA=B@9=@e 9=J ?89BC:8J ;=
B8DA=JB3T
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8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 47/91
UNIT 2
MODULE 1: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
/9K = 8 @ ; D N A : D 8 B Q D A = @ f J T
EXPLANATORY NOTES
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
?)C [JHNKPV VGH NKJHPVKQM QR VGH RQJPH QM I PGIJZH
UQOKMZ KM I UIZMHVKP RKH\NZ
!B8 NE8?;=KfB )8F@X49=J +CE8 9=J @:89@ @78
?AM;=K D79:K8 9B 9= 8E8D@:;D DC::8=@3
hC9E;@9@;M8 J;BDCBB;A= AF @78 @:9HH;=K AF D79:K8J
H9:@;DE8B <G ?9K=8@;D F;8EJB I;@7 BH8D;F;D ?8=@;A=
AF 89:@7fB ?9K=8@;D F;8EJ 9=J @78 s9= -EE8=
:9J;9@;A= <8E@3
^3V
]YH VGH HT[JHYYKQM O W ]KC01" θ VQ YQ\OH
[JQL\HUYc
^3^ YQ\OH [JQL\HUY KMOQ\OKMZ PGIJZHN [IJVKP\HY
UQOKMZ KM U]V]I\\S [HJ[HMNKP]\IJ H\HPVJKP
IMN UIZMHVKP RKH\NYc
^3R NHYPJKLH VGH HRRHPV QR I YQRV KJQM PQJH QM VGH
UIZMHVKP RKH\N N]H VQ I YQ\HMQKNc
:QU[IJH VGKY HRRHPV ^KVG VGIV QR VGH
NKH\HPVJKP KM I PI[IPKVQJ3
^3S HT[\IKM VGH [JKMPK[\H QR VGH H\HPVJQUIZMHV
IMN NKYP]YY KVY ]YHY KM NQQJ\QP_Y< Y^KVPGHY
IMN QVGHJ I[[\KPIVKQMYc
^3l HT[\IKM VGH QJKZKM QR VGH RQJPHY LHV^HHM
P]JJHMV3PIJJSKMZ PQMN]PVQJY< IMN [JHNKPV VGH
NKJHPVKQM QR VGH RQJPHYc
^36W HT[\IKM VGH 7I\\ HRRHPVc #= J8M8EAH;=K @78 8>HE9=9@;A=2 :8F8: @A 1H8D;F;D
5<Y8D@;M8 ^3V
?)++ ]YH VGH 7I\\ [JQLH VQ UHIY]JH R\]T NHMYKVS)
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UNIT 2
MODULE 1: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
EXPLANATORY NOTES
R3 6%&=8.#,*("&81= L"'H=81#"
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ'
R36 8>HE9;= ?9K=8@;D FEC> 9=J ]YH VGH H`]IVKQM
Φ W ]F VQ YQ\OH [JQL\HUYZ
R3& 8>HE9;= VGH e^HLHJdZ
B)A NHYPJKLH IMN KMVHJ[JHV HT[HJKUHMVY ^GKPG
NHUQMYVJIVH VGH JH\IVKQMYGK[ LHV^HHM VGH
UIZMKV]NH IMN NKJHPVKQM QR IM KMN]PHN
H)U)R) IMN VGH PGIMZH QR R\]T \KM_IZH
[JQN]PKMZ VGH H)U)R)c
(T[\IKM YH[IJIVH\S IMN `]I\KVIVKOH\S VGH
HRRHPVY QLVIKMHN ^GHM;
WIX LIJ UIZMHV UQOHY KMYKNH I YQ\HMQKNc
WLX V^Q R\IV PQK\Y UQOH ^KVG JHY[HPV VQHIPG QVGHJc
WPX LIJ UIZMHV UQOHY ^KVG JHY[HPV VQ
R\IV PQK\c
WNX QMH YQ\HMQKN UQOHY KMYKNH IMQVGHJc
WHX YQ\HMQKN UQOHY KMYKNH I R\IV PQK\)
$M SQ]J HT[\IMIVKQM< JHRHJ VQ -[HPKRKP
%LaHPVKOH B)9)
R3g ]YH 6IJINISdY 'I^ QR H\HPVJQUIZMHVKP
KMN]PVKQM VQ NHVHJUKMH VGH UIZMKV]NH QR IMKMN]PHN H)U)R)c
188 BCKK8B@8J H:9D@;D9E 9D@;M;@G A= H9K8 g^3
#=DECJ8 ( _ [)M FA: 9 B@:9;K7@ DA=JCD@A:3
R3V ]YH 'HMbdY 'I^ VQ NHVHJUKMH VGH NKJHPVKQM
QR IM KMN]PHN H)U)R)c
R3^ NKYP]YY 'HMbdY 'I^ IY IM HTIU[\H QR
PQMYHJOIVKQM QR HMHJZSc
R3R HT[\IKM YKU[\H I[[\KPIVKQMY QR
H\HPVJQUIZMHVKP KMN]PVKQMZ
$:9=BFA:?8:B2 9D 9=J JD ?A@A:B 9=J K8=8:9@A:B
B7ACEJ <8 J;BDCBB8J 9B ?9YA: 9HHE;D9@;A=B AF
8E8D@:A?9K=8@;D ;=JCD@;A=3
R3S 8>HE9;= @78 H:;=D;HE8 AF AH8:9@;A= AF @78 B;?HE8
@:9=BFA:?8:Z
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UNIT 2
MODULE 1: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES EXPLANATORY NOTES
6%&=8.#,*("&81= L"'H=81#" 2=#"8>'3
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ'
R3l CB8 @78 :8E9@;A=B7;H FA: @78
;J89E @:9=BFA:?8: )
9H((&08&' Q&*=/1"( *"' R&*."1"( F=81C181&0
$A F9D;E;@9@8 B@CJ8=@Bf 9@@9;=?8=@ AF @78 A<Y8D@;M8B AF @7;B /AJCE82 @89D78:B 9:8 9JM;B8J @A 8=K9K8 B@CJ8=@B ;= L:9D@;D9E
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DA=B@9=@3 +8H89@ I;@7 J;FF8:8=@ DC::8=@B3
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44 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 2
MODULE 1: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM (cont’d)
N5 + * ( 5 " * ! + + ( " $ X *-+ + , # " 0 *5 " . ! *$ 5 +
+8 F 8 : @ A 1 H 8 D ; F ; D 5 < Y 8 D @ ; M 8 ^ 3 \
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, H*V*G*Q*N*; 18@ CH @78 9HH9:9@CB B7AI= 9<AM8 BA @79@ 9= CHI9:J FA:D8 I;EE <8 8>8:@8J A= @78 I;:8 I78= @78
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1;=D8 @78 DA=JCD@A: ;B FA:D8J CHI9:J2 9= 8OC9E 9=J 9HHAB;@8 FA:D8 I;EE HCB7 @78 ?9K=8@ JAI=
Q"8I@A= ###T BA @78 FA:D8 A= @78 I;:8 ?9G <8 D9EDCE9@8J F:A? @78 <9E9=D8 :89J;=K3
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:8E9@;A=B7;H2 N_[#)3
45 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 2
MODULE 1: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM (cont’d)
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+8 F 8 : @ A 1 H 8 D ; F ; D 5 < Y 8 D @ ; M 8 R 3 g
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# G*H*Q*J*S
NEC> E;=P9K8 _ "-[ I78:8 " ;B @78 =C?<8: AF @C:=B ;= @78 B8DA=J9:G DA;E2 - ;B @78 9:89 AF @78 DA;E 9=J [ ;B @78 ?9K=8@;D
FEC> J8=B;@G H:AJCD8J <G @78 H:;?9:G DA;E3
$A ;=M8B@;K9@8 @78 :8E9@;A=B7;H 9<AM82 @IA AF @78 OC9=@;@;8B ?CB@ :8?9;= DA=B@9=@ I7;E8 @78 @7;:J ;B M9:;8J3 Q"A@8 @79@ @78
:9@8 AF D79=K8 AF [ J8H8=JB A= @78 :9@8 AF D79=K8 AF # I7;D7 ;B H:AHA:@;A=9E @A @78 F:8OC8=DGT3
-HH9:9@CB' L9;: AF BAE8=A;JB AF BOC9:8 D:ABBXB8D@;A=Z A=8 79B @I;D8 @78 9:89 AF @78 A@78:3
1;K=9E K8=8:9@A:' CB8 @78 EAI ;?H8J9=D8 AC@HC@ 9=J B8@ @78 F:8OC8=DG A= @78 6WW @A 6WWW 4c :9=K83
*9@7AJ8 :9G ABD;EEABDAH8 FA: ?89BC:;=K @78 H89P ;=JCD8J MAE@9K83
-3*3 9??8@8: @A 8=BC:8 @79@ @78 DC::8=@ ;B DA=B@9=@ QBA @79@ [ ;B DA=B@9=@T3
)A=K E8=K@7 AF ;=BCE9@8J DAHH8: I;:8 @A I;=J M9:;ACB =C?<8:B AF @C:=B A= @78 BAE8=A;JB3
46 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 2
MODULE 2: A.C. THEORY AND ELECTRONICS
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
%M PQU[\HVKQM QR VGKY ,QN]\H< YV]NHMVY YGQ]\N;
+) ]MNHJYVIMN VGH [JKMPK[\HY IMN Q[HJIVKQM QR VGH [3M a]MPVKQM NKQNHc
1) ]MNHJYVIMN VGH PGIJIPVHJKYVKPY QR I\VHJMIVKMZ P]JJHMVY IMN VGHKJ I[[\KPIVKQMYc
A) ]MNHJYVIMN VGH ]YH QR VJIMYN]PHJY IY KM[]V IMN Q]V[]V NHOKPHYc
C) ]MNHJYVIMN @78 CB8 AF Q[HJIVKQMI\ IU[\KRKHJY ;= 9=9EAKC8 D;:DC;@Bc
9) NHUQMYVJIVH [JQRKPKHMPS ;= @78 CB8 AF \QZKP ZIVHY KM NKZKVI\ PKJP]KVY)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
?J F%8&."*81"( +H..&"80
EXPLANATORY NOTES
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
+)+ ]YH VGH VHJUY eRJH`]HMPSd< e[HI_ OI\]Hd IMN
eJQQV3UHIM3Y`]IJH OI\]Hd KM JH\IVKQM VQ IM
I\VHJMIVKMZ P]JJHMV QJ OQ\VIZHc
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N JHPQZMKYH VGIV IP OQ\VIZHY
IMN P]JJHMVY IJH PQUUQM\S `]QVHN KM VHJUY
QR VGH JUY OI\]HY)
+)1 ]YH IM H`]IVKQM QR VGH RQJU > _ > A B ; = ω @VQ JH[JHYHMV IM I\VHJMIVKMZ P]JJHMV QJ
OQ\VIZHc
+)A ]YH VGH JH\IVKQMYGK[ VGIV VGH [HI_ OI\]H KY
√1 VKUHY VGH J)U)Y) OI\]H RQJ VGH YKM]YQKNI\
PIYHc
+)C NKYP]YY VGH INOIMVIZHY QR ]YKMZ I\VHJMIVKMZ
P]JJHMV IMN GKZG OQ\VIZHY RQJ VGH
VJIMYUKYYKQM QR H\HPVJKPI\ HMHJZS)
47 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 2
MODULE 2: A.C. THEORY AND ELECTRONICS (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
EJ Q/& -Y" ^H"=81#" T1#'&
EXPLANATORY NOTES
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
1)+ NHYPJKLH VGH H\HPVJKPI\ [JQ[HJVKHY QR
YHUKPQMN]PVQJY IMN NKYVKMZ]KYG LHV^HHM
[3 VS[H IMN M3VS[H UIVHJKI\c
#GH [Q[]\IVKQM NHMYKVS QR GQ\HY IMN H\HPVJQM
KM KMVJKMYKP IMN NQ[HN YHUKPQMN]PVQJY YGQ]\N
LH UHMVKQMHN IMN PQU[IJHN ^KVG VGIV RQJ
PQMN]PVQJY)
!HYKYVKOKVS QR YHUKPQMN]PVQJY YGQ]\N LH
PQU[IJHN VQ VGIV QR PQMN]PVQJY KM QJNHJ VQ
[\IPH VGH OI\]HY KM UHIMKMZR]\ PQMVHTVY)
1)1 HT[\IKM VGH RQJUIVKQM QR I NH[\HVKQM \ISHJ IV
I [3M a]MPVKQMc
#GH RIPV VGIV I NH[\HVKQM \ISHJ RQJUY KM VGH
]MLKIYHN [3M a]MPVKQM YGQ]\N LH HU[GIYKYHN)
1)A NKYP]YY VGH R\Q^ QR P]JJHMV ^GHM VGH [3M
a]MPVKQM NKQNH KY RQJ^IJN3LKIYHN QJ JHOHJYH3
LKIYHNc
1)C NKYP]YY VGH $3> PGIJIPVHJKYVKP QR VGH [3M
a]MPVKQM NKQNHc
,HMVKQM YQUH I[[\KPIVKQMY QR NKQNHY IMN
YGQ^ GQ^ VGHYH YKU[\H PGIJIPVHJKYVKPY \HIN VQ
VGHYH I[[\KPIVKQMY)
1)9 :8D9EE @79@ 9 YC=D@;A= @:9=B;B@A: ;B <9B;D9EEG @IA HX
= YC=D@;A=BZ
.:9I 9 J;9K:9? 9=J 9EBA J:9I @78 @:9=B;B@A:
BG?<AE3
1)? CB8 @78 J;AJ8 FA: 79EFXI9M8 :8D@;F;D9@;A=Z
1)B CB8 @78 <:;JK8 :8D@;F;8: Qg J;AJ8BT FA: FCEEXI9M8
:8D@;F;D9@;A=Z
1)@ :8H:8B8=@ 79EFXI9M8 9=J FCEEXI9M8 :8D@;F;D9@;A=
K:9H7;D9EEGZ
1)E J;BDCBB @78 CB8 AF 9 D9H9D;@A: FA: B?AA@7;=K 9:8D@;F;8J 9D I9M83
#=DECJ8 B;K=;F;D9=D8 AF @78 @;?8XDA=B@9=@ +*3
48 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 2
MODULE 2: A.C. THEORY AND ELECTRONICS (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
MJ Q.*"0'H=&.0
EXPLANATORY NOTES
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
A)+ HT[\IKM VGH ]YH QR VGH \KZGV3NH[HMNHMV
JHYKYVQJ W'/!X< VGH VGHJUKYVQJ IMN VGH
UKPJQ[GQMH IY KM[]V NHOKPHY FA: 8E8D@:A=;D
D;:DC;@BZ
!B8J ;F =8D8BB9:G ;= 9 HA@8=@;9E J;M;J8: A: ;= 9
U789@B@A=8 <:;JK8 D;:DC;@3
A)1 J8BD:;<8 VGH Q[HJIVKQM QR VGH \KZGV3HUKVVKMZ
NKQNH W'(/X< VGH L]bbHJ IMN VGH JH\IS IY
Q]V[]V NHOKPHY)
#=DECJ8 CB8 AF H:A@8D@;M8 :8B;B@A: FA: @78 )(.)
NJ _-&.*81#"*% F,-%151&.0
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
C)+ NHYPJKLH VGH [JQ[HJVKHY QR VGH KNHI\
Q[HJIVKQMI\ IU[\KRKHJc
$MRKMKVH KM[]V KU[HNIMPH< KMRKMKVH AH8= EAAH
ZIKM< bHJQ Q]V[]V KU[HNIMPH)
C)1 PQU[IJH VGH [JQ[HJVKHY AF 9 :89E AH8:9@;A=9E
9?HE;F;8: I;@7 VGH KNHI\ Q[HJIVKQMI\ IU[\KRKHJZ
C)A ]YH VGH Q[HJIVKQMI\ IU[\KRKHJ IY I PQU[IJIVQJc NA: 8>9?HE82 DA=M8:@;=K B;=8 I9M8 @A BOC9:8I9M82 @C:=;=K A= 9= 9E9:? I78= @78 @8?H8:9@C:8
8>D88JB 9 F;>8J M9EC83
C)C ]YH VGH RIPV VGIV UIZMKV]NH QR VGH Q]V[]V
OQ\VIZH PIMMQV HTPHHN VGIV QR VGH [Q^HJ
Y][[\Sc
#=@:AJCD8 dDE;HH;=Ke 9=J dB9@C:9@;A=e3
C)9 HT[\IKM VGH UHIMKMZ QR ZIKM IMN LIMN^KNVG
QR IM IU[\KRKHJc
#S[KPI\ IY ^H\\ IY KNHI\ OI\]HY RQJ VGHYH
`]IMVKVKHY YGQ]\N LH NKYP]YYHN)
C)? HT[\IKM VGH ZIKM3RJH`]HMPS P]JOH RQJ I
VS[KPI\ Q[HJIVKQMI\ IU[\KRKHJc
$MP\]NH VGH RIPV VGIV K9;= 9=J RJH`]HMPS 9:8
]Y]I\\S [\QVVHN QM \QZIJKVGUKP 9>8B IMNHT[\IKM VGH JHIYQM RQJ VGKY)
C)B NHVHJUKMH LIMN^KNVG RJQU I ZIKM3RJH`]HMPS
P]JOHc
2JHPKYH M]UHJKPI\ OI\]HY JH\IVHN VQ VGH
JHY[QMYH QR VGH HIJ IJH MQV JH`]KJHN)
49 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 2
MODULE 2: A.C. THEORY AND ELECTRONICS (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
_-&.*81#"*% F,-%151&.0 2=#"8>'3
EXPLANATORY NOTES
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
C)@ NJI^ VGH PKJP]KV NKIZJIU RQJ LQVG VGH
KMOHJVKMZ IMN MQM3KMOHJVKMZ IU[\KRKHJ ^KVG I
YKMZ\H KM[]Vc
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH RIUK\KIJ ^KVG YHOHJI\
JH[JHYHMVIVKQMY QR VGH YIUH PKJP]KV)
C)E ]YH VGH PQMPH[V QR OKJV]I\ HIJVG KM VGH
KMOHJVKMZ IU[\KRKHJc
(T[\IKM ^GS VGH OKJV]I\ HIJVG PIMMQV LH
PQMMHPVHN NKJHPV\S VQ HIJVG I\VGQ]ZG KV KY
gOKJV]I\\Sh IV HIJVG [QVHMVKI\)
C)+F NHJKOH IMN ]YH HT[JHYYKQMY RQJ VGH ZIKM QR
LQVG VGH KMOHJVKMZ IU[\KRKHJ 9=J @78 =A=X
;=M8:@;=K 9?HE;F;8:Z
!B8 @78 H:AH8:@;8B AF @78 ;J89E AHX9?H)
C)++ NKYP]YY VGH HRRHPV QR MHZIVKOH RHHNLIP_ QM
VGH ZIKM IMN LIMN^KNVG QR IM ;=M8:@;=K
Q[HJIVKQMI\ IU[\KRKHJ 9=J =A=X;=M8:@;=K
9?HE;F;8:Z
,HMVKQM VGH HRRHPV QR MHZIVKOH RHHNLIP_ QM
QVGHJ Q[3IU[ PGIJIPVHJKYVKPY)
188 BCKK8B@8J H:9D@;D9E 9D@;M;@;8B A= H9K8B Vg 9=J
VV3
C)+1 [HJRQJU PI\P]\IVKQMY JH\IVHN VQ YKMZ\H3KM[]V
IU[\KRKHJ PKJP]KVYc
$MP\]NH gPIYPINHNh IU[\KRKHJY)
C)+A CB8 @78 F9D@ @79@ 9 =A=X;=M8:@;=K 9?HE;F;8: 79B 9
M8:G 7;K7 ;=HC@ ;?H8J9=D8Z
C)+C NHYPJKLH VGH ]YH QR VGH KMOHJVKMZ IU[\KRKHJ IY
I Y]UUKMZ IU[\KRKHJc
/8=@;A= AF H:9D@;D9E CB8B AF BC??;=K 9?HE;F;8:2
FA: 8>9?HE82 ?;>;=K <A9:JB)
C)+9 YQ\OH [JQL\HUY JH\IVHN VQ Y]UUKMZ IU[\KRKHJ
PKJP]KVYc
+8E9@8 @A @78 CB8 AF BC??;=K 9?HE;F;8: 9B 9 J;K;@9E
@A 9=9EAKC8 DA=M8:@3
C)+? NHYPJKLH VGH ]YH QR VGH Q[HJIVKQMI\ IU[\KRKHJ
IY I OQ\VIZH RQ\\Q^HJc
,HMVKQM VGH KU[QJVIMV [JIPVKPI\ ]YH QR VGH
OQ\VIZH RQ\\Q^HJ IY I L]RRHJ QJ UIVPGKMZ
IU[\KRKHJ)
50 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 2
MODULE 2: A.C. THEORY AND ELECTRONICS (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
_-&.*81#"*% F,-%151&.0 2=#"8>'3
EXPLANATORY NOTES
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
C)+B IMI\SYH YKU[\H Q[HJIVKQMI\ IU[\KRKHJ PKJP]KVYc
C)+@ IMI\SYH VGH JHY[QMYH QR IU[\KRKHJ PKJP]KVY VQ
KM[]V YKZMI\Y< ]YKMZ VKUKMZ NKIZJIUY)
PJ R#(1= V*8&0
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
9)+ NHYPJKLH VGH R]MPVKQM QR VGH RQ\\Q^KMZ \QZKP
ZIVHY; &%#< "&/< &"&/< %!< &%!<
(m%!< (m&%!c
$MP\]NH VGH H`]KOI\HMPH JH\IVKQMYGK[ LHV^HHM
NKRRHJHMV ZIVHY< FA: 8>9?HE82 -". F:A? "5+12
5+ F:A? "-".12 "5+ F:A? 5+a"5$2 "5$
F:A? "5+)
9)1 ]YH VJ]VG VIL\HY VQ JH[JHYHMV VGH R]MPVKQM QR
\QZKP ZIVHY ^KVG MQ UQJH VGIM V^Q KM[]VYc
9)A :8XJ8B;K= 9 EAK;D D;:DC;@ @A DA=@9;= A=EG "5+ K9@8B A: A=EG "-". K9@8BZ
*;:DC;@ B7ACEJ <8 :8JCD8J @A ?;=;?C? D7;H DAC=@3
9)C IMI\SYH PKJP]KVY ]YKMZ PQULKMIVKQMY QR \QZKP
ZIVHY VQ [HJRQJU PQMVJQ\ R]MPVKQMYc
9)9 PQMYVJ]PV IMN KMVHJ[JHV VJ]VG VIL\HY RQJ I
PQULKMIVKQM QR \QZKP ZIVHYc
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N RIUK\KIJKYH VGHUYH\OHY IV VGH
HIJ\KHYV [QYYKL\H Q[[QJV]MKVS ^KVG VGH
I[[\KPIVKQM QR \QZKP ZIVHY VQ YQ\OH YKU[\H JHI\
^QJ\N [JQL\HUY IMN I RIUK\KIJ [JIPVKPI\
HTIU[\H YGQ]\N LH NHYPJKLHN)
9)? CB8 @;?;=K J;9K:9?B @A :8H:8B8=@ @78 :8BHA=B8 AFJ;K;@9E D;:DC;@B @A J;FF8:8=@ ;=HC@ B;K=9EBZ
51 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 2
MODULE 2: A.C. THEORY AND ELECTRONICS (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
R#(1= V*8&0 2=#"8>'3
EXPLANATORY NOTES
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
9)B J:9I 9 D;:DC;@ @A B7AI @78 DA=B@:CD@;A= AF 9 79EFX
9JJ8: 9=J 8>HE9;= ;@B AH8:9@;A=BZ
N:A? @IA "5+B 9=J 9= -". A: F:A? (t5+
9=J 9= -".3
9)@ CB8 @IA 79EFX9JJ8:B 9=J 9= 5+ @A DA=B@:CD@ 9
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UNIT 2
MODULE 2: A.C. THEORY AND ELECTRONICS (cont’d)
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53 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 2
MODULE 2: A.C. THEORY AND ELECTRONICS (cont’d)
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54 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 2
MODULE 2: A.C. THEORY AND ELECTRONICS (cont’d)
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55 CXC A16/U2/07
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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 61/91
UNIT 2
MODULE 3: ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
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SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
?J D*.81=H%*8& G*8H.& #5 6%&=8.#,*("&81= \*'1*81#"
EXPLANATORY NOTES
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+)+ ]YH VGH JH\IVKQMYGK[ ( _ 7 F VQ YQ\OH
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HUKYYKQMc
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HT[\IKM IY[HPVY QR VGH [GQVQH\HPVJKP HRRHPVc
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HT[\IKMKMZ VGH P\IYYKPI\ [IJINQTHY IYYQPKIVHN
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56 CXC A16/U2/07
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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 62/91
UNIT 2
MODULE 3: ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
D*.81=H%*8& G*8H.& #5 6%&=8.#,*("&81= \*'1*81#"
2=#"8>'3
EXPLANATORY NOTES
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+)B ]YH VGH H\HPVJQM3OQ\V IY I ]MKV QR HMHJZSc -V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH RIUK\KIJ ^KVG PI\P]\IVKQMY
RQJ PQMOHJVKMZ VGH .( QR [IJVKP\HY VQ H>)
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RQJ VGH [IJVKP]\IVH MIV]JH QR H\HPVJQUIZMHVKP
JINKIVKQMc
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IMN YHOHJI\ \KMH Y[HPVJI YHJKHY)
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m3JIS Y[HPVJIc
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IVVHM]IVKQM QR m3JISY KM UIVVHJc
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KUIZKMZ KM UHNKPKMHc
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+)+A NKYP]YY GQ^ \KMH Y[HPVJI [JQOKNH HOKNHMPH
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57 CXC A16/U2/07
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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 63/91
UNIT 2
MODULE 3: ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
D*.81=H%*8& G*8H.& #5 6%&=8.#,*("&81= \*'1*81#"
2=#"8>'3
EXPLANATORY NOTES
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
+)+B NHYPJKLH IMN KMVHJ[JHV VGH HOKNHMPH
[JQOKNHN LS H\HPVJQM NKRRJIPVKQM RQJ VGH
^IOH MIV]JH QR [IJVKP\HYc
+)+@ NKYP]YY KMVHJRHJHMPH IMN NKRRJIPVKQM IY
HOKNHMPH QR VGH ^IOH MIV]JH QR
H\HPVJQUIZMHVKP JINKIVKQMc
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YPIVVHJKMZ HT[HJKUHMV IMN NKYP]YY VGH
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0JKHR IPPQ]MV QR HIJ\S VGHQJKHY QR IVQUKP
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1)1 ]YH VGH JH\IVKQM VQ YQ\OH
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1)C ]YH VGH YVIMNIJN MQVIVKQM RQJ JH[JHYHMVKMZ I
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58 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 2
MODULE 3: ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES EXPLANATORY NOTES
A)+ NHRKMH eUIYY NHRHPVd IMN eLKMNKMZ HMHJZSdc
A)1 PI\P]\IVH UIYY NHRHPV IMN LKMNKMZ HMHJZSc
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UIYY KM M]P\HIJ JHIPVKQMY Δ ( _ Δ ? D &c
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LHV^HHM LKMNKMZ HMHJZS [HJ M]P\HQM IMNM]P\HQM M]ULHJc
A)? HT[\IKM VGH JH\IVKQMYGK[ LHV^HHM LKMNKMZ
HMHJZS [HJ M]P\HQM IMN M]P\HIJ RKYYKQM IMN
R]YKQMc
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M]ULHJ< HMHJZS WUIYYX IMN PGIJZH IJH I\\
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QR M]P\HIJ NHPISc
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C)A KNHMVKRS VGH QJKZKMY IMN HMOKJQMUHMVI\
GIbIJNY QR LIP_ZJQ]MN JINKIVKQMc
#GH NH\HVHJKQ]Y HRRHPVY QR GKZG HMHJZS JINKIVKQM
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59 CXC A16/U2/07
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UNIT 2
MODULE 3: ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS (cont’d)
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
\*'1#*=81C18I 2=#"8>'3
EXPLANATORY NOTES
-V]NHMVY YGQ]\N LH IL\H VQ;
C)C NHYPJKLH HT[HJKUHMVY VQ NKYVKMZ]KYG LHV^HHM
VGH VGJHH VS[HY QR HUKYYKQMY RJQU
JINKQIPVKOH Y]LYVIMPHYc
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-[HPKI\ IVVHMVKQM YGQ]\N LH RQP]YHN QM[QVHMVKI\ M]P\HIJ LKQGIbIJNY KM VGH
:IJKLLHIM HMOKJQMUHMV)
C)B NKYP]YY VGH MHPHYYIJS YIRHVS [JHPI]VKQMY RQJ
GIMN\KMZ IMN NKY[QYI\ QR JINKQIPVKOH
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\KRHd< IMN ]YH VGH JH\IVKQMYGK[ c
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60 CXC A16/U2/07
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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 66/91
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 67/91
UNIT 2
MODULE 3: ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS (cont’d)
2 * *:*#*$*:* *'* *:*#*$*>*$*#*$*(*-
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V*G*H* N*H*\*K*O*H*J*S
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78 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 84/91
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79 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 85/91
◆ MATHEMATICAL REQUIREMENTS
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80 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 86/91
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81 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 87/91
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82 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 88/91
◆ SUMMARY OF KEY QUANTITIES, SYMBOLS AND UNITS
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83 CXC A16/U2/07
8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 89/91
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8/10/2019 CAPE Physics Syllabus 2008
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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cape-physics-syllabus-2008 91/91
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