A r e Y o u R e a d y ?

A Guide to Natural Disasters2004

Cape Cod Emergency Preparedness Handbook

Table of ContentsHURRICANESUnderstanding Hurricanes..................................................................................................................................................................1Hurricane Preparations for Home and Family ....................................................................................................................................3

PLANNING FOR PEOPLE WITH SPECIAL NEEDS...........................................................................................................6

DISASTER SUPPLY KIT ............................................................................................................................................................8

FLOODS ......................................................................................................................................................................................10

NOR’EASTERS AND WINTER STORMS ..........................................................................................................................12

TORNADOES ..............................................................................................................................................................................14

SHELTERS ON CAPE CODMap of shelter locations ...................................................................................................................................................................16What to Expect in a Storm Shelter ...................................................................................................................................................17

THUNDERSTORMS AND LIGHTNING ...............................................................................................................................18

HEAT WAVES ............................................................................................................................................................................19

WILDFIRES ................................................................................................................................................................................20

PREPARING YOUR BOAT FOR A STORM ..........................................................................................................................22

PROTECTING PETS IN THE EVENT OF A DISASTER .................................................................................................24

DRIVING IN A DISASTER ....................................................................................................................................................25

POWER OUTAGES ..................................................................................................................................................................26

GENERATOR SAFETY .............................................................................................................................................................27

UNDERSTAND YOUR STORMWATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM .......................................................................................28

HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS PRODUCTS ..........................................................................................................................29

HURRICANE TRACKING CHART .......................................................................................................................................32

Sources of Information:The information in this Handbook is a compilation of reference material from a variety of existing sources. It is modeled after the 2003 All Hazards Guide from Collier County, Florida. With permission much of the text herein is taken directly from that publication, though tailored to the risks and environment of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Specific references to materials other than Collier County’s Guide are provided throughout this Handbook.

A reader seeking additional information and the original sources are encouraged to contact the Cape Cod Chapter of the American Red Cross at (508) 775-1540,their local emergency manager, or their local police or fire department. For a listing of American Red Cross general disaster preparedness materials see:www.redcross.org/pubs/dspubs/genprep.html; www.capecodredcross.org

We also encourage readers to visit the following web sites to search for additional information about risks and preparedness: www.fema.gov; www.noaa.gov

This Guide focuses on risk and preparation for natural disasters. We also take the opportunity to provide information on household hazardous products. In today’s political climate, terrorism is certainly an issue on everyone’s mind. If you seek information about preparedness in the face of a terrorist threat, please visit www.ready.gov.

Funding:

See the back cover for a list of groups who collaborated to produce this handbook.

The Cape Cod Commission funded this publication through its Project Impact Cape Cod program grant. Project Impact is a national program funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency and established to empower communities to address disaster resistance and hazard mitigation at the regional and local levels. Through Project Impact FEMA challenged the nation to undertake actions to protect families, businesses, and communities by reducing the effects of natural disasters. For more information on Project Impact Cape Cod visit www.capecodcommission.org/projectimpact or call the Commission at (508) 362-3828.

Cover Photos:Front Cover, clockwise: S. Albers, Jim O’Connell, NOAA, NOAA.Back Cover, clockwise: S. Teper, Jim O’Connell, Jim O’Connell, unknown.

UnderstandingHurricanesOf all the natural threats that mightaffect Cape Cod, hurricanes have thepotential to cause the most propertydamage and loss of life if adequateplanning and preparation is not undertaken.

The National Weather Service’s NationalHurricane Center/Tropical PredictionCenter in Miami, Florida, has theresponsibility of monitoring conditionsin the tropical Atlantic, Caribbean Sea,Gulf of Mexico and the eastern Pacificfor potential tropical storm development.The Center has many tools at theirdisposal including satellites, weatherreconnaissance aircraft, radar and severalcomputer models that help theforecasters to create forecasts coveringseveral days. Although hurricanes canproduce tremendous damage they can,unlike other threats, be tracked forseveral days before impacting acommunity – giving residents andvisitors time to prepare and evacuate if necessary.

HURRICANE SEASONThe Atlantic Hurricane season runs fromJune 1st through November 30th. Basedon the number and intensity of storms,mid-August through mid-October isdefined as the peak months. During themonths of June and July, hurricanes tendto form in the Caribbean and the Gulf ofMexico. By mid-August, as the waters ofthe tropical Atlantic warm, the focusturns to the Eastern Atlantic in thevicinity of the Cape Verde Islands off theAfrican coast. The tropical wavesintensify as they move westward,become tropical depressions, thentropical storms and finally hurricanes.Most of these storms turn northwardaround the peripheries of the semi-permanent Bermuda and Azoreshigh-pressure areas, but can becomeexceptions to the rule and affect theAtlantic and Gulf Coast states. By earlyOctober, the waters over the Atlanticbegin to cool and the focus for stormdevelopment shifts to the Caribbean andthe Gulf of Mexico.

DECIPHERING THE FORECASTEmergency managers, hurricane centerforecasters, and TV meteorologists havecreated unique terminology forhurricanes and tropical storms. Beloware a few definitions that may help youbetter understand storm information.

Tropical Depression: A closedcirculation of low atmospheric pressure,originating over tropical waters, windsblow counter-clockwise around a centerat speeds less than 39 mph.

Tropical Storm: A closed circulation oflow atmospheric pressure, originatingover tropical waters, winds blowcounter-clockwise around a center atspeeds ranging from 39 to 73 mph.

Hurricane: A violent storm over tropicalwaters with sustained winds of 74 mphor greater. The winds blow in a counter-clockwise direction around a stormcenter which may range from 100 milesto several hundreds miles in diameter.The most intense weather is usuallyfound in the right-front quadrant of the storm.

Forecast Advisory: Advisory messagesare issued by the National HurricaneCenter for all tropical depressions,tropical storms and hurricanes at six-hour intervals. These advisories areincreased to three-hour intervals whenlandfall is expected within 24 hours. Anadvisory gives details as to where thestorm is located, its intensity, directionand speed of movement. Precautionarymeasures are given for ships and coastalresidents near the storm center.

Tropical Storm Watch: Anannouncement made for specific coastalareas when tropical storm conditionsmay pose a threat within 36 hours.

Tropical Storm Warning: Anannouncement warning of tropical storm

conditions, including sustained winds of39-73mph, that are expected in specificcoastal areas within 24 hours.

Hurricane Watch: Indicates that ahurricane is near enough that everyonein the “watch” area should listen foradvisories and be ready to takeprotective measures if a HurricaneWarning is issued.

Hurricane Warning: Issued when ahurricane is expected in a specifiedcoastal area within 24 hours or less.When a Hurricane Warning is issued, allprecautions should be takenimmediately. If a hurricane’s path iserratic, the warning may be issued only afew hours before the onset of hurricaneconditions.

WHAT ARE THE REALHAZARDS INVOLVEDDURING A HURRICANE?Some people can’t visualize the totaldevastation that a hurricane can cause.Some of us have experienced or seen themassive damage from the Hurricane of1938, but most of us have not.Hurricane Bob, while destructive in itsown right, was only a relatively weakCategory 2 storm. It can, and sometimesit likely will, get much worse. Alwaysprepare for the worst.

Wind: Strong surface winds of 74 to 200mph can cause a barrage of flying debris.Hurricane force winds can sever powerand communication lines. Winds inexcess of even just 45 mph begin tocause damage to traffic signals andtopple trees (also bringing down power lines).

Tornadoes: Tornadoes may form in therain bands of a hurricane and causesignificant damage. They are commonlyfound in the right front quadrant of anapproaching storm. Although thesetornadoes are not as intense as those thatform in the Midwest tornado belt theycan still inflict tremendous damage withlittle or no warning. There were fourreports of tornadoes as Hurricane Bobcame ashore.

Heavy Rain: Torrential rains areassociated with slow moving orstationary tropical weather systems. Inaddition to flooding residences andbusinesses, heavy rain may overcome theCape’s storm drain systems and causesevere flooding or structural failure ofroads or culverts.

Hurricanes

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Photo above and in background courtesy of Jim O’Connell, ©2004

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Storm Surge: Rapidly rising storm surgeis the hurricane’s main threat to life.Storm surge is a dome of water thatmoves ashore to the right of thehurricane eyewall. It can be the primaryrisk to life if adequate evacuations arenot done. In the case of Cape Cod Bay,storm surge will actually affect theshoreline, and particularly WellfleetHarbor, shortly after the storm haspassed. Residents and visitors should beaware to remain well above surgeelevations until all threats have passed.Storm surge causes salt water floodingthat can render evacuation routesimpassible, cripple communications,cause sewers and storm water basins toback up, and contaminate drinkingwater supplies. Storm surge flooding canwash out roads and leave streets filledwith sand and debris, rendering themimpassible long after surge waters havereceded.

The Southeastern Massachusetts HurricaneEvacuation Study was conducted inDecember 1994 by the U.S. Army Corpsof Engineers, New England Division, inconjunction with the Federal EmergencyManagement Agency, for theMassachusetts Emergency ManagementAgency. This study produced two atlasesthat identify hurricane evacuation zonesand SLOSH zones.

The SLOSH (Sea, Lake, and OverlandSurges from Hurricanes) Model is acomputer model that was designed bythe National Weather Service to forecastsurges that could occur from wind andpressure forces of hurricanes. The modelis applied to the Cape to estimatepotential flooding from hurricanes thatmay make landfall in New England.Surge limits shown on the communitymaps represent potential flooding thatmay occur from critical combinations ofhurricane track direction, forward speed,

landfall location, and high astronomicaltide. Cape residents should reviewthese SLOSH maps to understand thepotential for storm surge in their areaand the potential need for evacuation.

Sources:www.nesec.org; www.erh.noaa.gov/box/HurricaneInfo.shtml;

SAFFIR/SIMPSON SCALETo make the predicted hazards of an approaching storm easier to understand,forecasters and engineers have created this disaster potential scale, which assignshurricanes to five categories of hurricane intensity.

Category Wind Speed and Potential Effects Storm Surge

1 Winds 74-95 mph: No real damage to building 4 – 5 ft.structures. Damage primarily to unanchored mobile homes, shrubbery, and trees. Some damage to poorly constructed signs. Also, some coastal road flooding and minor pier damage.

2 Winds 96- 110 mph: Some roofing material, door, and 6 – 8 ft.window damage to buildings. Considerable damage to shrubbery and trees with some trees blown down. Considerable damage to mobile homes, poorly constructed signs, and piers. Small craft in unprotected anchorages break moorings.

3 Winds 111-130 mph: Some structural damage to small 9 – 12 ft.residences and utility buildings with a minor amount of curtain wall (a nonbearing exterior wall) failures. Damage to shrubbery and trees with foliage blown off trees and large trees blown down. Mobile homes and poorly constructed signs are destroyed. Flooding near the coast destroys smaller structures with larger structures damaged by battering from floating debris.

4 Winds 131-155 mph: More extensive curtain wall 13 – 18 ft.(a nonbearing exterior wall) failures with some complete roof structure failures on small residences. Shrubs, trees, and all signs are blown down. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Extensive damage to doors and windows. Major damage to lower floors of structures near the shore.

5 Winds greater than 155 mph: Complete roof failure on 18+ ft.many residences and industrial buildings. Some complete building failures with small utility buildings blown over or away. All shrubs, trees, and signs blown down. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Severe and extensive window and door damage. Massive evacuation of residential areas on low ground may be required.

Storm Surge Model, courtesy FEMA

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Hurricane Preparations for Home and FamilyBEFORE THE HURRICANESEASON…Securing and Retrofitting YourHomeThe best time to plan for the protectionof buildings is probably during theconstruction process. Through carefuldesign of buildings, stresses can bereduced and damage minimized. Roofpitch, structural fasteners, window sizeand placement all can have a dramaticeffect on the amount of damage done bya storm. You can also plan, and build inanchors for shutters or boards. They maybe hidden in many ways, yet be easy tofind and use when a storm threatens.

Most of us are not dealing withconstruction plans. We are looking atprotecting our existing homes andbuildings from storm damage. Themost important precaution you can taketo reduce damage to your home andproperty is to protect the areas wherewind may enter. According to recentwind technology research, it’s importantto strengthen the exterior of your houseso wind and debris do not tear largeopenings in it. You can do this byprotecting and reinforcing in five criticalareas: roofs, straps, shutters, doors, andgarage doors.

Here are some actions you should take:

• Locate a safe place outdoors tostore and anchor gas grills andpropane or LP gas tanks. Ifdamaged in a storm they canbecome a leaking, potentialBOMB or flying missile.

• Keep outside areas free of looseobjects. Any object outsideshould be considered a stormthreat; either tie it down or findsome other way to secure it.

• Make repairs to your homewhen necessary. Replace wornor rotted wood, seal cracks inconcrete block, and otherwiseblock potential openings causedby wear.

• Keep your trees healthy. Makethem more wind resistant byremoving diseased anddamaged limbs. Strategically

remove branches so that windcan blow through.

• Strap and secure your oil tankto the wall or foundation. Ifyour basement floods and thetank breaks free significantenvironmental contaminationcan result to complicate yourclean-up.

• Elevate your utility box out ofthe basement or above floodelevation.

• Become familiar with removableequipment such as window airconditioners and roof turbines,so they may be removedquickly and the openingssecured.

• Window Protection.Professionally installed,permanent impact-resistantshutters or laminated windowsystems (a plastic safety filmmounted directly to yourwindows) are ideal for buildingsin vulnerable areas. As analternative to shutters andwindow film, properly attached,exterior grade plywood offersexcellent storm protection. Aminimum thickness of 5/8 inchis recommended.

Prepare the boards withreinforcement where necessary.If you install permanentanchors, prepare and mark eachboard for a specific location.Store boards in a cool, dry

place, and have fasteners onhand. Pressure equalizationholes in the center of the boardsare essential! Masking or ducttape may control windowshattering somewhat, but willnot prevent breakage of glass,nor will tape keep out wind andwater damage once the glass has broken.

For details on how to implement thesecost effective security/retrofit measuresvisit www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/retrofit/secure_home_printer.shtml, orcontact the Cape Cod Chapter of theAmerican Red Cross at (508) 775-1540for a copy of Against the Wind:Protecting your Home from HurricaneWind Damage.

Advanced Preparation for You and Your Family❑ Things you should know well in

advance of a storm:

• Contact your local Emergency Manager (see inside back cover for listings) to learn:

1. Where your emergency shelter is in case you must evacuate.

2. Your safe evacuation route.

3. The elevation of your property above mean sea level.

4. If you are located in an evacuation zone or SLOSH zone.

• Know where utility lines enter your home so you can avoid the area after a storm.

• Know where the emergency shut-off is for electricity at the main panel, as well as for water, natural and bottled gas lines

❑ Compile your Disaster Survival Kit(see pages 8 and 9).

❑ Make a disaster plan for your pets.Pets are not allowed in Red Cross Storm Shelters (see page 24).

❑ Gather important documents(birth certificates, insurance policies,health records, mortgages, deeds,

Photo in background courtesy of Jim O’Connell, ©2004

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titles, financial documents) in oneplace, ready to take with you. Anydocuments you may need after astorm or flood should be gatherednow and kept in a protected place.Check your insurance policy andunderstand for what hazards you areand are not covered.

❑ Make your own checklist of thingsyou’ll want or need to do under awatch and a warning. If you are in ahighly vulnerable flood zone, planyour evacuation route and atimetable. Stay familiar with your plan!

❑ If you plan to evacuate the area,plan to stay away up to 2-3 weeks. Itcould take that long or longer forpublic safety personnel to make thearea safe for re-entry. If you havequestions about your situation andyour plan, ask now! Don’t wait untilthe storm is nearly here, or it may betoo late to get an answer.

❑ Prepare your Family Disaster Plan.Knowledge about hurricanes is notenough to protect you and yourfamily. You must put this informationto work. Review what you will needto do to prepare and protect yourself,your family and your property. Thefollowing options will help you makethe correct choices:

Option A – Stay at homeIf your home can withstand theanticipated winds, is away from thecoast and on fairly high ground, andis not in a flood prone area then planto stay at home.

Option B – Stay with a relative,friend, or hotel located outside theareas required to evacuateIf you expect to stay at someone else’shome or a hotel, make advancearrangements. If staying at a friend orrelative’s home, be certain it isadequately prepared and is located ina safe area. Consider where you willgo if the friend or relative is out oftown.

Option C – Relocate off CapeYour town’s emergency managementofficials have developed a shelteringand evacuation policy for landfallingstorms. If you are visiting the Cape,you may have to travel considerabledistances on unfamiliar roads andshould include a current road map asa part of your disaster supply kit.Know where you are going and plan,not only the best route, but alternateroutes. Leave early to avoid heavytraffic, possible flooding and highwinds. If you wait until theHurricane Warning to leave, you mayfind heavy traffic congestion andpossible closures at the Bourne andSagamore bridges.

Option D – Public sheltersLocal Officials will open publicshelters in areas outside of theevacuation area. A public sheltershould be your last option and usedonly if you have no other safe placeto go. Do not report to a shelter untilit has been opened. Consult the mapon page 16 for potential shelter sites.Be familiar with their locations andthe most direct routes from yourhome to the shelters. Pets are notallowed in Red Cross shelters andalternative arrangements must bemade for them. Do not wait until thelast minute to activate your plan. Ifan evacuation order is given, movequickly but without panic.

BEFORE THECOMING STORM…When a WATCH is Issued

• Stay tuned to a NOAA weatherradio, radio, or TV for officialbulletins of the storm’s progress (see inside back cover for listings).

• Fill up the gas tanks in your carsand have extra cash on hand (forevacuation or use after the storm).Service stations and bank machinesrun on electricity and may be out ofservice for a while.

• Inspect and secure mobile home tiedowns.

• Prepare to cover all windows anddoors with shutters or plywood.

• Locate your family’s Disaster Kit orSTOCK UP NOW if not already prepared.

• Tie down or bring inside all outdoorloose objects that could blow awayor become dangerous projectiles(grills, lawn furniture, garden tools,toys, etc.). Make sure yourneighbors are doing the same!

• Boat owners – activate your stormplan now – haul it, move it to a safeharbor, check the mooring, orsecure the lines (see page 22).

• Plan to leave if you live in a mobilehome, live on the coastline, in asurge zone, or flood plain.

• Check your neighborhood foranyone who might need extra help.Be particularly aware of people

Photo above courtesy of Jim O’Connell, ©2004

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living alone or who are in poorhealth and may be in seriousdifficulty if a power outage occurs.

DURING THE STORM…When a WARNING is Issued – Act Promptly!

If you remain at home:

• Listen to the advice of local officials,and evacuate if so advised.

• Complete preparation activities.

• Stay indoors, away from windows.

• Bring your pets indoors. Securethem inside — they may becomeagitated and not act as you mayexpect.

• Turn your refrigerator to themaximum setting and don’t open itunless necessary.

• Fill all airtight containers withdrinking water. Fill up bathtubs orlarge containers for use in flushingtoilets.

• Stay on the leeward or downwindside of your house. As winddirection changes, move to an“inside” room, and stay there.

• Be aware that the calm “eye” isdeceptive; the storm is not over. DoNOT go outside. The worst part ofthe storm will happen once the eye

passes over and the winds blowfrom the opposite direction. Trees,shrubs, buildings, and other objectsdamaged by the first winds can bebroken or destroyed by the second winds.

• Be alert for tornadoes. Tornadoescan happen during a hurricane andafter it passes over. Remain indoors,in the center of your home, in acloset or bathroom withoutwindows.

If you must evacuate:

• Leave early for the shelter – indaylight if possible. Don’t travel anyfarther than absolutely necessary.

• Lock all windows and doors at your property.

• Turn off water and electricity atmain shut-off valves to your house.

• Take your family’s Disaster Kit withyou to the shelter. You cannot bringyour pets and need to execute theplan you have made for them at this time.

AFTER THE STORM...• Stay away from flood waters. If you

come upon a flooded road, turnaround and go another way. If youare caught on a flooded road andwaters are rising rapidly aroundyou, get out of the car and climb tohigher ground.

• Do not touch or approach any looseor dangling wires. Report them to 9-1-1 immediately.

• Keep listening to your NOAAweather radio and local radio or TV stations for instructions (seeinside back cover for listings).

• If you are evacuated, return homeonly when local officials tell you it is safe to do so.

• Inspect your home for damage.

• Use flashlights at all times; avoidusing candles or other open flames.

• Use only the water that you’ve takenwith you or stored before the stormor that has been declared safe bypublic health officials.

• Don’t eat food that was opened ordamaged in any way by the storm.

• Stay alert to announcements onwhere to apply for assistance if yousuffered losses.

• Contact your insurance company toreport property damage.

Sources: www.ibhs.org; www.loep.state.la.us/factsheets/WindShutter&WindowCovers.htm;www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/retrofit/secure_home_printer.shtml; American Red Cross publications #4454, 5023, 5030, 5040.

Photo above courtesy of Jim O’Connell, ©2004

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Anyone who has a disability, or anyonewho is involved in the care of a disabledperson, should contact their localEmergency Medical Services provider(i.e., fire department and/or rescuesquad) to advise them of the persons’location and potential needs during aweather related emergency.

The state’s 9-1-1 emergency systemenables people with special needs toregister their disability into the system,therefore enabling emergency respondersto better assist them when a 9-1-1 callcomes in. Complete and submit theDisability Indicator Form located atwww.state.ma.us/e911/info.htm.

PREPAREDNESS FOR PEOPLEWITH DISABILITIESAnyone who has a disability, or anyonewho is involved in the care of a disabledperson, should obtain and use thefollowing publication to develop apersonal disaster plan NOW:

Disaster Preparedness for People with Disabilities by the American RedCross, Disaster Services

This guide is designed to help peoplewho have physical, visual, auditory, orcognitive disabilities to prepare fornatural disasters and their consequences.To obtain a copy of this publication,contact the American Red Cross, CapeCod Chapter at (508) 775-1540.

PREPAREDNESS FOR PEOPLEWITH BREATHING PROBLEMSThe American Lung Association urgeseveryone with a breathing problem todevelop a personal hurricane plan NOW.Do not wait until the next storm event ispredicted or upon us. Take the followinginformation to your physician beforefinalizing your personal plan and alwaysbe guided by his or her advice.

In most cases, unless you live in ahurricane evacuation area, it is best for

you to ensure that your home isprotected and remain there with a friendor family member. If you cannot stay inyour own home, stay with family orfriends in a protected home. Shelters arecrowded and uncomfortable and will nothave air conditioning or other services ifelectrical power is interrupted and nogenerator is on site. Go to a shelter ONLYas a last resort. Remember that hospitalsare reserved as the place to treat injuriesand life threatening situations.

Before Hurricane SeasonAt your next physician appointmentdiscuss hurricane preparedness andask for specific recommendations. Askthe following questions:

• How often can I take abreathing treatment if I getshort of breath?

• Should I keep a two-weeksupply of all medications on hand?

• If my condition changes, whenshould I go to a hospital?

• What procedure should Ifollow and what hospitalshould I go to?

• How should I get there?

• What about taking breathingtreatments if the electricityfails? Possible options include:

1. Substituting a metered-dose inhaler for treatment.

2. Purchasing a portablebattery operated nebulizer.

3. Buying a DC inverter.(These inverters may beordered from electronicsstores. Before purchasingan inverter, check withyour medical equipmentvendor to assure

compatibility of theinverter with your specificnebulizer and ask aboutthe safety precautions.)

If you use oxygen at homeIf you use oxygen, call your medicalsupply vendor now and ask forinformation on services they will providein the event of a hurricane and/or powerfailure. Remember that oxygen shouldalways be kept at least 10 feet from anyopen flame. Some questions to ask themedical supply vendor include:

• Will my full oxygen backup last at least 48 hours? If you do not have a backup cylinder,ask for one.

• Will you deliver additionaloxygen cylinders in threateningweather?

• How should I store oxygencylinders?

• What supplies will I need forcleaning respiratoryequipment? Request a writtenprocedure for cleaning theequipment.

• What is your plan to replenish my oxygen supplyafter the storm?

VentilatorsPatients using a ventilator should speakwith their physician and medical supplyvendor about obtaining a backup batteryin case of a power failure during orfollowing the storm.

THINGS TO CONSIDERWHEN DEVELOPING YOURPERSONAL PLAN…If dependent on oxygen therapy?Contact your local Emergency MedicalServices provider to give notice of your potential needs prior to an actual incident.

Should I stay home or go somewhere else?

❑ Inform local emergencyofficials, family members andclose friends of your decisionto relocate.

Planning for Peoplewith Special Needs

Photo in background courtesy of Jim O’Connell, ©2004

❑ Prepare contact informationfor emergency officials to assistthem in the event they receiveinquiries as to your well being.

❑ If relocation to a shelter is youronly option you MUST plan torelocate EARLY! Contact yourlocal Emergency MedicalServices provider so they mayprepare for your arrival, andassist in transportation if necessary.

PRACTICAL POINTS

It is most important that youREMAIN CALM. Emotional stressincreases your heart rate,quickens breathing, makesbreathing more difficult anddemands more oxygen from the body.

1. Use only battery powered lights. Donot use candles or open flames forany reason around oxygenequipment.

2. Practice pursed-lip breathing,diaphragmatic breathing andconditioning exercises to help youbreather easier.

3. Assemble and check your survivalkit. In addition to the itemsrecommended for a Disaster Kit onpages 8 and 9, you should keep thefollowing:

❑ 14-day supply ofmedications

❑ Small cooler with frozengel packs

❑ Supplies for cleaningrespiratory equipmentincluding vinegar, water,liquid detergent, a dish panand paper towels

❑ Backup oxygen cylinder

❑ Keep important paperssuch as your medicalidentification cards,physician’s name andphone number, and othervital information in a handy place. Put importantpapers in waterproofcontainers.

Sources:Harwich Fire Department; www.lungusa.org;www.stluciecountyhealth.com/emergency/breathing_probs.htm

7Photo above courtesy of Gary Prahm, ©2004

Although hurricanes are a major threatto our area, there are other events thatmay occur that may involve evacuationfrom your home. Brush fires, hazardousmaterial spills, floods and tornadoes allhave a potentially disruptive influenceon our daily activities. To prepare for theunknown, each home should have a 72-Hour Disaster Survival Kit. You will needto pack some essential items to help youand your family to survive whether youstay at home or seek other shelter duringa disaster. Ensure a minimum of threedays (72 hours) supply for each person.

FOOD❑ Non-perishable packaged

or canned foods (thatrequire little or nopreparation or cooking):

• Ready to eat canned meats, fruitsand vegetables (include a manualcan opener)

• Canned juices, milk, soup (ifpowdered, store extra water)

• Staples – sugar, salt, pepper

• High energy foods – peanut butter,jelly, crackers, granola bars, trailmix, dried fruits

• Vitamins

• Comfort/stress food – whatever thatis for your family! Typically cookiesor treats, instant coffee, tea bags

❑ Special food for infants — baby food, cereals,breast milk, formula

Note: If power fails, pumped breast milkmay not remain frozen or may beinaccessible. Nursing mothers shouldhave a contingency plan for the feedingof their baby in case they are separatedfrom their infant.

❑ Special food for theelderly or people withallergies as required

❑ Non-perishable pet food

❑ Preparation and eatingsupplies:

• manual can-opener

• paper plates/plastic utensils (toavoid needing wash water), or messkits

• cooking utensils

• sterno, camp stove, or a charcoal orgas grill for outside use only

WATER❑ 1 gallon per person

per day —2 quarts for drinking/2 quarts forfood prep and sanitation. Don’t forgetwater for your pets!

Hot environments and intenseactivity can double the amounttypically needed. Nursing mothers,children, and ill people will needmore than 2 quarts per day.

• Store water in sterile, plasticcontainers, such as soft drinkbottles.

• Avoid storing in bottles that willdecompose or break such as milkcartons or glass bottles

FIRST AID KIT❑ Basic First Aid Manual

❑ Epinephrine auto-injectiondevice (This device should beobtained by anyone with a previoushistory of severe allergic reactions tobee stings, food, other environmentalallergies, etc.. Even if this device isself-administered, contact 911 asearly as possible to ensure positivepatient outcome.)

❑ Sterile adhesive bandagesin assorted sizes

❑ 2 and 4 inch sterile gauzepads (4-6 each)

❑ Hypoallergenic adhesive tape

❑ Triangular bandages (3)

❑ 2 and 3-inch sterile rollerbandages (3 rolls)

❑ Scissors and tweezers

❑ Needle

❑ Moistened towelettes

❑ Antiseptic

❑ Thermometer

❑ Tongue depressor (2)

❑ Petroleum jelly or other lubricant

❑ Safety pins (assorted sizes)

❑ Cleansing agent/soap

❑ Latex gloves (2 pair)

❑ Medicine dropper

❑ Sunscreen

❑ Non-prescription drugs:aspirin, non-aspirin pain reliever,anti-diarrhea medication, antacid,laxative, activated charcoal and syrupof Ipecac (use only if so advised bythe Poison Control Center)

TOOLS AND SUPPLIES❑ Battery operated radio

and extra batteries

❑ Flashlights and extra batteries

❑ Road map for locating sheltersand compass

❑ Signal flare and whistle

❑ Non-electric can opener

❑ Utility knife

❑ Fire extinguisher(small canister, ABC type)

❑ Pliers

❑ Duct tape

Disaster Supply KitPrepare For AT LEAST 72 Hours

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9

❑ Plastic sheeting

❑ Matches in a waterproof container

❑ Aluminum foil

❑ Paper, pencil

❑ Needles, thread

❑ Shut-off wrench, to turn offhousehold gas and water

❑ Sanitation: toilet paper,towelettes, and bucket with tightfitting lid

❑ Soap, liquid detergent

❑ Plastic garbage bags with ties

❑ Unscented, purehousehold chlorine bleach

CLOTHING ANDBEDDING❑ Blankets, pillows,

sleeping bags

❑ Sturdy shoes or work boots

❑ Wet and Cold weatherclothing: rain gear, hat and gloves, thermal underwear

Include at least one completechange of clothing and footwearper person

SPECIAL ITEMS❑ Baby needs — diapers, wipes,

bottles, and medications, etc.

❑ Personal medications

❑ Extra set of eye glasses or contact lenses

❑ Cash, change

❑ Sanitary supplies

❑ Personal hygiene items

❑ Entertainment: books, cards, small games

❑ Important FamilyDocuments: Keep these recordsin a waterproof, portable container:wills, insurance policies, deeds,stocks, bonds, passports, socialsecurity cards, immunization records,bank account numbers, credit cardaccount numbers, inventory ofvaluable household goods, importanttelephone numbers, birth, marriageand death certificates, etc.

STORAGE OFEMERGENCY SUPPLIESIt is best to store your emergencysupplies in one location. Be sure allfamily members know where the kit islocated. Choose a place in your homethat would be relatively safe in time ofdisaster (such as a closet or under abed). The perishable supplies willremain stable longer if stored in a cool,dark location. If you are in an evacuationzone, be sure the container(s) youchoose can fit in your car.

Consider a large, covered trash containeror large plastic tub with a tight fitting lid

— where items can be layered and kepttogether. A camping backpack or duffelbag is also a convenient choice. It is bestto store plastic water containers on topof the contents rather than on thebottom where they could possibly crackand leak from the weight of heavyobjects placed on top of them.

MAINTAINING YOUREMERGENCY KIT❑ Every 6 months: remember to

change your stored water and rotateyour stored food supply to ensurethat they stay fresh.

❑ Once a year: re-think your kitand family needs, replace batteries,update clothes, etc.

❑ Ask your physician orpharmacist about storingprescription medications.

Sources:For details on preparing your supplies and survivingduring an event see the following Red Cross publications:Hurricane Preparedness: Before the Wind Blows; YourFamily Disaster Supplies Kit; Food & Water in anEmergency; Your Family Disaster Plan; EmergencyPreparedness Checklist; Disaster Preparedness for Seniors by Seniors.

Cape Cod is no stranger to flooding.While we are not subject to the intenseinland riverine flooding that plaguesmany states, coastal flooding and stormsurge inundation are our main concern.It doesn’t take a major event for floodingto result in many areas — many of ourstorm drain systems are overcomeduring small rain events, which floodroadways and personal property.

There are many things you can do toprotect your home and business fromflooding. Actions you should takedepend on the flood hazard in your area,the characteristics of your property, andthe zoning and building codes in yourcommunity. Some methods are fairlysimple and inexpensive while others mayrequire a professional contractor.

Do you know your flood risk?Call your local emergency manager orbuilding department for informationabout flood risk in your area. Ask to seea flood map and SLOSH map of yourtown. There may be a projected floodelevation for your neighborhood. Thisinformation will help you determinehow much water is likely to come in.

Do you have enough (any?)flood insurance?Even if you have taken steps to protectyour home from flooding, you still needflood insurance if you live in afloodplain. Know what your policy doesand does not cover. Homeowners’policies do not cover flood damage, soyou will probably need to purchase aseparate policy under the National FloodInsurance Program (all 15 Cape townsare members of the NFIP). It takes 30days for a flood policy to take effect,therefore purchasing one when a stormis predicted will do you no good – youmust plan ahead.

ADVANCED ACTIONS YOUSHOULD TAKE…❑ Relocate your main electric

switchbox above potentialfloodwaters.

The main electric panel board and circuitbreakers should be at least one footabove the projected flood elevation foryour home. The panel board height isregulated by local building code. FEMAsuggests that a licensed electrician do allelectrical work.

❑ Relocate electric outlets andswitches above potentialfloodwaters.

Consider elevating all electric outlets,switches, light sockets, baseboard heatersand wiring at least one foot aboveprojected flood elevation. You may alsowant to elevate the point at whichelectric service lines enter your home.

❑ Relocate your washer, dryer,furnace and water heaterabove potential floodwaters.

For protection against shallowfloodwaters, these major appliances andsystems should be elevated to at leastone foot above projected flood elevation.Other options are moving them to ahigher floor, or building a floodwallaround them.

❑ Securely anchor your fuel tank.

A fuel tank can tip over or float in aflood, causing fuel to spill or catch fire.Cleaning up a house that has beeninundated with floodwaters containingfuel oil can be extremely difficult,

dangerous, and costly. Fuel tanks shouldbe securely anchored to the wall orfoundation. Make sure the vents and fill line openings are above projectedflood levels.

❑ Retrofit your floor drain with a float plug.

Install a floating floor drain plug at thecurrent drain location. If the floordrainpipe backs up, the float will riseand plug the drain.

❑ Retrofit your sewer or septic system with a backflow valve.

If floodwaters enter the sewer system orovercome a septic system, sewage canback up and enter your home. Toprevent this, have a licensed plumberinstall an interior and exterior backflowvalve. Check with your buildingdepartment for permit requirements.

WHEN FLOODINGIS PREDICTED…❑ Locate your family’s Disaster

Kit and stock it if incomplete.

❑ Keep your vehicle fueled.

❑ Tune to radio, TV, or NOAAWeather Radio for floodwarning (see inside back coverfor listings).

Floods

10

Photo above and in background courtesy of Jim O’Connell, ©2004

11

❑ Know your evacuation zoneand route to a safe place.

❑ Shut off electricity and waterat the main valves and lockyour home prior to leaving.

❑ Move outdoor furniture insideand carry downstairs furnitureto upper floors or higherlocations. Move valuableobjects to higher ground.

❑ Sandbags can help slow downfloodwaters from reachingyour possessions.

❑ Store drinking water in sterile,covered containers.

❑ Obey official warnings;evacuate when notice is issued.

❑ Be cautious and avoid floodprone areas when leaving.

DURING AND AFTER THEFLOOD STAGE…❑ Stay on higher ground.

❑ Do not drive on a flooded road.

❑ If your vehicle stalls, abandon it immediately and seek higher ground.

❑ Don’t attempt to wade across aflowing stream that is above your knees.

❑ Don’t allow children to play instanding water. It may becontaminated with chemicalsor sewage.

❑ Do not eat food that has comeinto contact with floodwater.

❑ Drink only bottled orpreviously stored water. Listento news reports to learn

whether the community watersupply is safe to drink.

❑ Stay away from disaster areas.You may hamper rescuerecovery operations.

❑ Do not handle live electricalequipment. Report downedpower lines to the local lawenforcement authoritiesimmediately.

Photo above courtesy of Jim O’Connell, ©2004

12

KNOW YOUR STORM

What is a Winter Storm?A winter storm can range from moderatesnow to blizzard conditions. A severewinter storm deposits four or moreinches of snow during a 12-hour periodor six inches of snow during a 24-hourperiod. All winter storms make walkingand driving extremely dangerous.

What is a Blizzard?A Blizzard is a snowstorm with sustainedwinds of 40 miles per hour (mph) ormore or gusts up to at least 50 mph with heavy falling or blowing snow,persisting for one hour or more,temperatures of ten degrees Fahrenheitor colder and potentially life-threateningtraveling conditions.

What Is a Nor’easter?A Nor’easter is a large weather systemtraveling from South to North, passingalong, or near the seacoast. As the stormapproaches New England, and itsintensity becomes increasingly apparent,the resulting counterclockwise cyclonicwinds impact the coast and inland areasfrom a northeasterly direction. Thesustained winds may meet or exceedhurricane force. New England generallyexperiences at least one or twoNor’easters each year with varyingdegrees of severity. These storms havethe potential to inflict more damage thanmany hurricanes because the high stormsurge and high winds can last anywherefrom 12 hours to 3 days, while theduration of hurricanes ranges generallyfrom 6 to 12 hours.

THE RISK OF WINTERSTORMS IN NEW ENGLANDNew England has a long history ofsevere winter storms, blizzards, andnor’easters. The most severe winterstorm to ever hit New England was theBlizzard of 1888, which occurred March11-14. Snow depths measured from 30to 50 inches. Boston received a mix ofsnow and rain creating up to nine inchesof slush. The Blizzard of 1978 dumped24-38 inches of snow on New England,immobilizing the infrastructure andblocking major interstates. Thousands of

motorists abandoned their cars on thehighway. Two weeks were required toremove the snow. More recent blizzardsand snowstorms occurred in March of1993, February of 1996 and March of2001. These events killed scores ofpeople, caused millions of dollars indamage, and left thousands of peoplewithout power for days.

Most winter storms bring the Cape bothstorm surge and high winds, making ourcoastline particularly vulnerable todamage. Because the coastline is highlydeveloped, infrastructure is at significantrisk of damage. If a storm shouldcoincide with a high tide an additionallayer of vulnerability and associated riskis added. Such storms are oftenassociated with power outages andtransportation disruptions (i.e., snowand/or debris-impacted roads, as well ashazards to navigation and aviation).

TERMS TO KNOWWinter Weather Advisory: Winterweather conditions are expected to causesignificant inconveniences and may behazardous. If caution is exercised, thesesituations should not become lifethreatening. The greatest hazard is oftento motorists.

Winter Storm Watch: severe winterweather conditions may affect your area.(Freezing rain, sleet, heavy snow mayoccur separately or in combination.)Prepare now!

Winter Storm Warning: severe winterweather conditions are imminent oroccurring. Stay indoors!

Heavy Snow Warning: a snowfall of atleast 4 inches in 12 hours or 6 inches in24 hours is expected.

Blizzard Warning: considerable fallingand/or blowing snow and winds of atleast 35 miles per hour are expected forseveral hours. Seek refuge immediately!

Winter Storms are

Deceptive KillersWhy? Because most deaths areindirectly related to the storm

• People die in traffic accidents on icy roads.

• People die of heart attacks while shoveling snow.

• People die of hypothermia from prolonged exposure to cold.

BE PREPARED... BEFORETHE STORM STRIKES

At Home and at WorkPrimary concerns are the potential lossof heat, power, telephone service and ashortage of supplies if storm conditionscontinue for several days.

Have available:

❑ Flashlight and extra batteries.

❑ Battery-powered NOAAWeather Radio to receiveemergency information

❑ Extra food and water.High-energy food, such as driedfruit or candy, and food requiring no cooking or refrigeration is best.

❑ Extra medicine and baby items

❑ First aid supplies

❑ Heating fuel. Fuel carriers maynot reach you for days after a severewinter storm.

❑ Emergency heat source such asa fireplace, wood stove, or batterydriven space heater. Be sure youhave proper ventilation while usingthese heat sources!

❑ Fire extinguisher and smokedetector. Test these units regularlyto ensure they are working properly.

Nor’easters and Winter Storms

13

In Cars and Other VehiclesPlan your travel and check the latestweather reports to avoid the storm! But,if you must go out take the followingmeasures:

• Always carry a Winter StormSurvival Kit.

• Keep your gas tank near full toavoid ice in the tank and keep fuellines from freezing.

• Try not to travel alone.

• Let someone know your destination,route, timetable, and primary andalternate routes.

• Dress to fit the season. Wear layersof loose fitting, lightweight, warmclothing. Trapped air insulates.Layers can be removed to avoidperspiration and subsequent chill.Outer garments should be tightlywoven, water repellent, and hooded.Wear a hat! HALF of your body heatloss can be from the head. Coveryour mouth to protect your lungsfrom extreme cold. Mittens, snug atthe wrist, are better than gloves. Tryto stay dry.

Winter Storm Car Survival Kit

q warm blankets/sleeping bags

q flashlight with extra batteries

q first aid kit

q knife

q high calorie, non-perishable food

q extra clothing to keep dry

q a large empty can and plastic cover with tissues and paper towels for sanitary purposes

q a smaller can and water-proof matches to melt snow for drinking water

q sack of sand (or cat litter)

q shovel

q windshield scraper and brush

q tool kit

q tow rope

q car battery jumper cables

q water container

q bright piece of cloth and a rod (if no antenna to tie to)

q compass and road maps if in unfamiliar territory

IF YOU ARE CAUGHT IN AWINTER STORM......Outside• Find shelter. Try to stay dry and

cover all exposed parts of the body.If you can’t find shelter – makeshelter: prepare a lean-to,windbreak, or snow cave forprotection from the wind.

• Build a fire for heat and to attractattention. Place rocks around thefire to absorb and reflect heat.

• Do not eat snow. It will lower yourbody temperature. Melt it first.

...In a Car or other vehicle• Stay in your vehicle. Disorientation

occurs quickly in wind-driven snow and cold. Do not try to walk to safety.

• Run the motor about ten minuteseach hour for heat. Make sure theexhaust pipe is not blocked.

• Open one window (slightly) awayfrom the blowing wind to let infresh air.

• Make yourself visible to rescuers:

– turn on the dome light at night when running the engine

– tie a colored cloth to your antenna or door

– raise the hood indicating trouble after snow stops falling

• Exercise from time to time byvigorously moving arms, legs,

fingers, and toes to keep bloodcirculating and to keep warm. Clapyour hands, stamp your feet, swingyour arms about.

...At home or in a building• Stay inside. When using alternative

heat from a fireplace, wood stove,space heater, etc. use fire safeguardsand make sure you are properlyventilating

• No heat. Close off unneeded rooms.Stuff towels or rags in cracks under doors. Cover windows at night.

• Eat and drink. Food provides thebody with energy for producing itsown heat. Keep the bodyreplenished with fluids to prevent dehydration.

• Wear layers of loose fitting,lightweight warm clothing.Remove layers to avoid overheating,perspiration, and subsequent chill.

Sources:www.nesec.org;www.crh.noaa.gov/lot/webpage/nwsredcross.html; Winter Storms: A Guide to Survival, by the American RedCross, NOAA, and FEMA,1998.

A tornado is a violent windstormcharacterized by a twisting, funnelshaped cloud with whirling windsof up to 300 miles per hour. Theyare spawned by thunderstormsand occasionally by hurricanes, andmay occur singularly or in multiples.Tornadoes develop when cool airoverrides a layer of warm air, causing thewarm air to rise rapidly. Water-basedtornadoes — called waterspouts — canand have formed over the water bodiessurrounding the Cape.

Most vortices remain suspended in theatmosphere, but when they do touchdown they become a destructive force –spinning like a top and sounding like aroaring train or airplane. Tornadoesmove at an average speed of 30 mph and generally move from the southwestto northeast. Their direction of travel canbe erratic and may change suddenly. These short-lived storms arethe most violent of all atmospheric

phenomena and the most destructiveover a small area.

TORNADOES INNEW ENGLANDOn average the United States experiences 100,000 thunderstorms each year and approximately 1,000tornadoes develop from these storms.Damage from tornadoes results fromhigh wind velocity and wind blowndebris. Over 80% of tornadoes strikebetween noon and midnight. NewEngland “Tornado season” is markedfrom March through August, althoughtornadoes may occur at any time of theyear. Normally, a tornado will stay onthe ground for no more than 20minutes. Injuries and deaths most often

occur when buildings collapse.The tornadoes experienced inrecent history in New Englandhave been generated by severesummer storms. Fortunately for uson Cape Cod, we are notsusceptible to the major tornadoesof the Midwest and Great Plainsstates, but we are vulnerable andhave experience deadly tornadoes.

The most devastating tornado ever tooccur in New England was the Worcester Tornado of July 9, 1953. Thetornado hit Worcester at 5:08 p.m.Within one minute more than 90 peoplewere dead and over 1,300 injured.Damage estimates were placed in excessof $52 million. Another damagingtornado occurred in Windsor Locks,Connecticut at about 3 p.m. on October3, 1979. This twister lasted only about45-60 seconds, but managed to kill 3people, injure over 300, destroy 40homes and cause $300 million inproperty damage.

The most recent killer tornado to strikeNew England occurred on May 29,1995, in Great Barrington,Massachusetts. This tornado, with winds

Tornadoes

FUJITA DAMAGE SCALE (F-SCALE)F-scale Type of Tornado Intensity Estimated Wind Speeds Description of Damage

F0 Gale Tornado Weak 40-72 mph Some damage to chimneys; breaks branches off trees; push over shallow-rooted trees; damage sign boards.

F1 Moderate Tornado Weak 73-112 mph The lower limit (73 mph) is beginning of hurricane wind speed; peels shingles off roofs; mobile homes pushed offfoundations or overturned; moving autos pushed off the roads.

F2 Significant Tornado Strong 113-157 mph Roofs torn off frame houses; mobile homes demolished; boxcars pushed over; large trees snapped or uprooted; light-object missiles generated.

F3 Severe Tornado Strong 158-206 mph Roofs and some walls torn off well-constructed houses; trains overturned; most trees in forest uprooted; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown.

F4 Devastating Tornado Violent 207-260 mph Well-constructed houses leveled;structure with weak foundation blown off some distance; cars thrown and large missiles generated.

F5 Incredible Tornado Violent 261-318 mph Strong frame houses lifted off foundations and carried considerable distance to disintegrate; automobiles-sized missiles fly through the air in the excess of 100 m; trees debarked; incredible phenomena will occur.

14

Photo above courtesy of NOAA.

15

in excess of 200 mph, killed 3 people,injured 23 and caused an estimated $25million in damage.

THE FUJITADAMAGE SCALEDr. Theodore Fujita, from the Universityof Chicago, devised a scale to classify thestrength of a tornado. Since the F-Scaleis based on tornado damage (primarilyto buildings), there is some ambiguity inthe scale. For example, a tornado thatmoves over open country will tend toreceive a lower rating than a tornadothat strikes a populated area. Sincebuildings have a wide variation in age,quality of design, and quality of buildingmaterials, more uncertainties are throwninto the mix. Tornadoes over opencountry will probably encounter varyingtype of vegetation, leading touncertainties in these cases.

TERMS TO KNOWTornado Watch: Conditions are right fora tornado.

Tornado Warning: A tornado has beensighted or is visible on radar. A locationof the sighting is normally given alongwith its projected movement.

TAKE PROTECTIVE MEASURESFor Tornado WatchesWhen conditions are right for a tornado,there are a few things you should do:

1. Stay tuned to a local weather station or listen to your NOAAWeather Radio.

2. Secure any loose objects outdoors,or move them inside.

3. Survey local structures for the mostsuitable shelter.

4. Keep watching the sky to the southand southwest. If you see any funnelshaped clouds, report themimmediately to the nearest law-enforcement agency and take cover.

For Tornado WarningsTAKE SHELTER IMMEDIATELY! Do notleave shelter, until you are sure nofurther danger exists. Remember thatthere is no guaranteed safe place duringa tornado.

WHAT TO DO IFYOU ARE CAUGHT…...In a motor vehicleThe least desirable place to be during atornado is in a motor vehicle. Never tryto outrun a tornado in your car. Stopyour vehicle and get out. Seek shelterelsewhere. Do not get under or next toyour vehicle. A ditch or grounddepression will help, if a tornado shelteris not nearby.

...At schoolFollow the school disaster plan. Stayaway from auditoriums, gymnasiums,and other areas with wide, free-spanroofs. Go into center hallways and stayaway from windows.

...In open countryMove away from the tornado’s projectedpath at right angles. Seek shelter in aditch, ravine, or culvert. Even a low spotin the ground will give you someprotection. Stay away from trees andremember to protect your head.

...In a home or condoThe best place to go is the innermosthallway on the lowest floor. An interiorcloset is relatively safe. An interiorbathroom is even better. The walls areclose together and the bathtub, sink, andtoilet help support debris in case thehouse collapses. AVOID WINDOWS.Since flying debris does most of thekilling, the worst kind of flying debris isbroken glass. DO NOT open anywindows when a tornado approaches toequalize pressure. If a tornado actuallygets close enough for the pressure dropto be experienced the strong winds haveprobably already caused the mostsignificant damage. Opening windows,in fact, may actually increase damage.

...In a mobile or manufactured homeOne of the least desirable places to beduring a tornado is in a mobile ormanufactured home. If a tornadoapproaches, seek other shelterimmediately. Go to a tornado shelter onfoot, if possible. Do not drive your car.Do not get under your mobile home. Ifno other shelter is available, lie down ina ditch or a ground depression.

Sources:www.nesec.org; http://hometown.aol.com/hurctrack/HurcTrack.index.html.

Photo above courtesy of NOAA.

Photo above courtesy of MEMA.

16

Bourne Middle School Trowbr dge

Rd.Bourne High School 77 Waterhouse Rd.Bourne High School 77 Waterhouse Rd.

Falmouth High School 874 Gifford St.

Falmouth High School874 Gifford St.

stable High ScBarnstable High School

744 W. Main St.

Veterans Memorial School 12 Winslow St.

Veterans Memorial School 12 Winslow St.

n ElementNathan Wixon Elemen

901 Rte. 13

Dennis/Yarmouth High100 Station Ave

Mattacheese Middle School 380 Higgins Crowell Rd.

Oak Ridge Elementary School 70 Quaker Meetinghouse Rd.Oak Ridge Elementary School 70 Quaker Meetinghouse Rd.

Upper Cape Regional Vocational Tech School Sandwich Rd.

Upper Cape Regional Vocational Tech School Sandwich Rd.

Massachusetts Military Reservation 5240/42 South Outer Rd.

Massachusetts Military Reservation5240/42 South Outer Rd.

Marstons Mills East ElementaryMarstons Mills East Elementary760 Osterville/W. Barnstable Rd.

C a p e C o d B a y

V i n e y a r d S o u n d

N a n t u c k e t

0 1

Data Sources:

MassGIS Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, the American Red Cross Cape Cod Chapter, and the Cape Cod Commission’s Geographic Information System Department.

This map was produced by the Cape Cod Commissions Geographic Information System Department for "Project Impact Cape Cod" August 20, 2003. Commentsand corrections are welcome at the Cape Cod Commission office or contact gis@capecodcommission.org. This map is illustrative and all depicted boundariesare approximate.

Regional SheltersRed Cross Primary Shelters

Red Cross Secondary Shelters

Town Designated Shelters (not staffed by Red Cross)

Primary Shelters (Pet Friendly)

FEMA Flood Zones (FIRM)*

Mass. Military Reservation

Major Roads

Town Line

* Evacuation is likely to be necessary from areas that are more extensive than the flood zones that are depicted here. Due to limited digital geographic information, thefull extent of evacuation and areas subject to storm surge cannot be graphically represented here. Contact your local emergency manager to determine if you live or vacation in a designated evacuation zone or area that is subject to storm surge.

Location of Red Cross Primary and SecondaryLocation of Red Cross Primary and SecondaryShelters and Town Run Shelters, Cape Cod, MAShelters and Town Run Shelters, Cape Cod, MALocation of Red Cross Primary and SecondaryShelters and Town Run Shelters, Cape Cod, MA

N

S

W

The American Red Cross operatesshelters for disaster victims. The sheltersare established in pre-determinedlocations that have been selected on thebasis of safety, emergency equipment(i.e., generators) and location.

The Red Cross DOES NOT makethe decision to open a shelter.Shelters are opened by localmunicipal officials and thenoperated by the Red Cross andtheir shelter volunteers.

If you elect to go to a public shelter, hereare some important things that you willneed to remember:

1. Red Cross shelters are safe places foryou and your family to stay in thetime of a disaster. Basic needs willbe provided but it is a good idea toassemble a disaster supply kit morespecific to your family’s needs (seeDisaster Supply Kit on pages 8 and9, or visit www.redcross.org).

2. If you cannot stay in your homeplease report to the nearest shelterwith a few changes of clothing,bedding, essential medications andtoiletries. Contact your familymembers to let them know whereyou are and that you are safe.

3. The first seventy-two hours of adisaster operation is led by the localRed Cross chapter. It is possiblethat during that time supplies couldbe scarce. It is important that youinclude meals containing non-perishable goods in your family’sdisaster kit.

4. For the safety of all shelteroccupants no guns, firearms,weapons, illegal substances, oralcohol will be allowed on thepremises.

5. As has been the case in past eventson Cape Cod, shelters are not likelyto be opened in every town. Sometowns traditionally share shelters(e.g. Harwich and Brewster usually

share the Cape Cod RegionalTechnical School). The nearestshelter may be some distance awayso plan accordingly.

6. Red Cross shelters and services arevolunteer led. In the time of disastervolunteers are greatly needed. If youare able to help out, please offeryour services and expertise to a RedCross team member.

7. Health and safety regulationspreclude Red Cross shelters fromaccepting pets. Service animals thatassist people with disabilities are theonly exception. It may be difficult, ifnot impossible, to find shelter foryour animals in the midst of adisaster so plan ahead -- do not waituntil disaster strikes to do yourresearch (see Protecting Your Pets onpage 24).

8. It is important to listen to officialinformation regarding the disaster.In high stress situations people maymake assumptions and couldmislead others about importantdetails. Only repeat factualinformation that was obtained froma credited source to help keeprumors from circulating in theshelter.

9. When you arrive at the shelterplease be patient and fill out allneeded information on theregistration forms. It is importantthat all occupants are accounted forand their needs are being met. Besure to follow shelter procedureswhen leaving and returning to the shelter.

10. Red Cross shelters will be staffedwith CPR/First Aid certifiedvolunteers that will be able to assist on a basic level. If for anyreason you need medical attentionplease call 911, or have someonecall for you.

Sources: American Red Cross, Cape Cod Chapter

17

Storm Shelters on Cape Cod

Truro Central School 317 Rte. 6

Truro Central School 317 Rte. 6

Eddy Elementary School 2298 Main St.

Eddy Elementary School 2298 Main St.

Nauset Regional Middle School 70 Rte. 28

Nauset Regional Middle School 70 Rte. 28

Wellfleet Elementary School Lawrence Rd.

Wellfleet Elementary School Lawrence Rd.

Nauset Regional High School 100 Cable Rd.

Nauset Regional High School 100 Cable Rd.

Chatham Jr./Sr. High School 425 Crowell Rd.

Chatham Jr./Sr. High School 425 Crowell Rd.

tantary School4

h Schoole.

Cape Cod Regional Technical School 351 Pleasant Lake Ave.

Cape Cod Regional Technical School 351 Pleasant Lake Ave.

t S o u n d

A t l a n t i cO c e a n

2 4 6 8

Miles

Location of Red Cross Primary and SecondaryShelters and Town Run Shelters, Cape Cod, MA

E

Photo in background courtesy of Jim O’Connell, ©2004

18

ARE THUNDERSTORMSDANGEROUS?ABSOLUTELY! Although hurricanes andtornadoes receive most of therecognition, lightning occurs most oftenin the United States. Over 40 millionlightning strikes occur every year, whichresult in nearly 100 deaths.

Lightning bolts can strike trees, powerlines, buildings, people, and anyelectrically conductive elevated object.Lightning can cause fire or severe burnsto anything that it contacts. Personsstruck by lightning receive a severeelectrical shock and may be burned.They do not retain an electric charge, sothey can be handled safely. A personstruck by lightning can often be revivedby prompt cardio pulmonaryresuscitation (CPR).

WHAT IS LIGHTNING?The action of rising and descending airwithin a thunderstorm separates positiveand negative charges. Lightning resultsfrom the buildup and discharge ofelectrical energy between positively andnegatively charged areas.

An average flash could illuminate a 100-watt light bulb for more than three months.

The air near a lightning strike is heatedto 50,000°F, which is hotter than thesurface of the sun. The rapid heating andcooling of the air near the lightningchannel causes a shock wave that resultsin thunder.

LIGHTNING SAFETY RULESThunderstorms are very unpredictableand can pop up at anytime. Rememberthat tornadoes can occur in areas ofsevere thunderstorm development. Thereare a few common sense measures youcan take that can help you survive someof the hazards associated withthunderstorms:

• Watch for environmental clues, such as increasing wind, flashes oflightning, sounds of thunder,darkening skies, and AM radio static.

• Avoid being the tallest object.• Do not stand under or near an

isolated tree or small group of trees.• Get inside a sturdy structure before

the storm approaches.• Unplug all unnecessary appliances

BEFORE the storm approaches.• DO NOT use the telephone during

the storm, unless it’s an emergency!• Don’t stand by open windows,

doors, or patios during athunderstorm.

• Get out of boats, away from water,and off the beaches.

• If lightning is occurring and a sturdyshelter is not available, get inside ahard-topped automobile and keepthe windows up. The rubber tiresDO NOT protect you — it’s the roof.

• Do not take a bath or shower during a storm. Water and coppertubing are excellent conductors of electricity.

• Golfers should immediately leavethe golf course and seek shelter, butnever under trees.

• Hail can occur. If you don’t have agarage for your vehicle, thickblankets tied down to the hood,roof, and trunk will offer someprotection.

• Lightning can travel sideways for upto 10 miles. If you hear thunder,take cover. Be cautious even whenthe sky looks blue and clear. Manydeaths from lightning occur aheadof the storm because people wait tothe last minute before seekingshelter.

REMEMBER: If you can hearthunder, you are close enough to the storm to be struck by lightning!!!

• If you feel your skin tingle or yourhair stands on end, squat low to theground on the balls of your feet.Place your hands on your kneeswith your head between them. Make

yourself the smallest target possible,and be sure to minimize yourcontact with the ground!

NEVER touch downed power lines– always consider them energizedand dangerous. Stay safe – keepyourself and others away. Call 9-1-1 immediately.

ON THE WATER OR IN A BOATDURING A THUNDERSTORM?Thunderstorms over coastal waters aregenerally unpredictable. Even with thebest weather reports, boaters can still becaught in open waters. Either with orwithout a lightning protection system, itis critical to take these precautions toprotect yourself:

1. Stay in the center of the cabin. If nocabin, stay low in the boat. Don’t bea stand-up lightning rod!

2. Keep arms and legs IN the boat.3. Discontinue fishing, water skiing,

scuba diving, swimming or otherwater activities at the first sign ofthreatening conditions.

4. Disconnect and do not use or touchmajor electronic equipment,including the radio, for the durationof the storm.

5. Lower, remove, or tie down theradio antenna and other protrudingdevices if they are not a part of thelightning protection system.

6. To the degree possible, avoidmaking contact with twocomponents connected to thesystem at the same time. Forexample, the gear levers and thespotlight may both be connected tothe system. If you have a hand onboth when lightning strikes, thepath of the electric current could bedirectly through you.

7. If a boat has been or is suspected ofhaving been struck by lightning,check out the electrical system andcompasses to ensure that no damagehas occurred.

Sources: www.cdc.gov/nasd/menu/topic/lightning.html;www.noaa.gov/lightning.htmlPhoto (top) by Steve Albers, www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/.

Thunderstorms and LightningPhoto above courtesy of S. Albers.

Photo in background courtesy of NOAA.

19

TERMS TO KNOWHeat Wave: Prolonged period ofexcessive heat and humidity. TheNational Weather Service steps up itsprocedures to alert the public duringthese periods of excessive heat andhumidity.

Heat Index: A number in degreesFahrenheit (F) that tells how hot it reallyfeels when relative humidity is added tothe actual air temperature. Exposure tofull sunshine can increase the heat indexby 15º F.

Heat Cramps: Muscular pains andspasms due to heavy exertion. Althoughheat cramps are the least severe, they arean early signal that the body is havingtrouble with the heat.

Heat Exhaustion: Typically occurs whenpeople exercise heavily or work in a hot,humid place where body fluids are lostthrough heavy sweating. Blood flow tothe skin increases, causing blood flow todecrease to the vital organs. This resultsin a form of mild shock. If not treated,the victim may suffer heat stroke.

Heat Stroke (a.k.a. Sun stroke): This islife threatening. The victim’s temperaturecontrol system, which produces sweatingto cool the body, stops working. Thebody temperature can rise so high thatbrain damage and death may result if thebody is not cooled quickly.

PREPARE YOURSELFAND YOUR FAMILYIf a heat wave is predicted or happening

• Slow Down. Avoid strenuousactivity. If you must do strenuousactivity, do it during the coolest partof the day, which is usually in themorning between 4:00 am and 7:00 am.

• Stay indoors as much as possible. Ifair conditioning is not available, stayon the lowest floor, out of thesunshine. Try to go to a publicbuilding with air conditioning eachday for several hours. Remember,electric fans do not cool the air, butthey do help sweat evaporate, whichcools your body.

• Wear lightweight, light-coloredclothing. Light colors will reflectaway some of the sun’s energy.

• Drink plenty of water regularly andoften. Your body needs water tokeep cool.

• Drink plenty of fluids even if you donot feel thirsty.

• Water is the safest liquid to drinkduring heat emergencies. Avoiddrinks with alcohol or caffeine inthem. They can make you feel goodbriefly, but make the heat’s effects onyour body worse. This is especiallytrue about beer, which dehydratesthe body.

• Eat small meals and eat more often.Avoid foods that are high in protein,which increases metabolic heat.

• Avoid using salt tablets unlessdirected to do so by a physician.

SIGNALS OF HEATEMERGENCIESHeat exhaustion: Cool, moist, pale, orflushed skin; heavy sweating; headache;nausea or vomiting; dizziness; andexhaustion. Body temperature will benear normal.

Heat/Sun stroke: Hot, red skin; changesin consciousness; rapid, weak pulse; andrapid, shallow breathing. Bodytemperature can be very high – as highas 105ºF. If the person was sweatingfrom heavy work or exercise, skin maybe wet; otherwise, it will feel dry.

TREATMENT OFHEAT EMERGENCIESHeat cramps: Get the person to a coolerplace and have him/her rest in acomfortable position. Lightly stretch theaffected muscle and replenish fluids.

Give a half glass of cool water every 15 minutes. Do not give liquids withalcohol or caffeine in them, as they canmake conditions worse.

Heat exhaustion: Get the person out of the heat and into a cooler place.Remove or loosen tight clothing andapply cool, wet clothes, such as towelsor sheets. If the person is conscious, givecool water to drink. Make sure theperson drinks slowly. Give a half glass of cool water every 15 minutes. Do not give liquids that contain alcohol orcaffeine. Let the victim rest in acomfortable position, and watchcarefully for changes his/her condition. Consider the need for further medical attention.

Heat/Sun stroke: This is a lifethreatening situation. Help is neededfast. Call 911. Move the person to acooler place. Quickly cool the body.Immerse victim in a cool bath, or wrapwet sheets around the body and fan it.Watch for signals of breathing problems.Keep the person lying down andcontinue to cool the body any way youcan. If the victim refuses water or isvomiting or there are changes in thelevel of consciousness, do not giveanything to eat or drink.

(This material was reprinted directly from American RedCross Publication #5032, Heat Wave)

Heat Waves

Photo above courtesy of Margo Tabb Summerfield, ©2004.

IS CAPE COD AT RISKFOR WILDFIRE?The Cape is no stranger to wildfires. Inthe past many wildfires have begun andspread quickly throughout large tracks ofpitch pine forest and large salt marshareas in which phragmites is prolific.Phragmites is an invasive plant that hastaken over many of the Cape’s saltmarshes. Even the salt hay itself wouldbe quick to burn and is consideredsusceptible to wildfire.

Cape residents and visitors are certainlyfortunate to have these natural resourcesand must simply take extra precautionsand be diligent to prevent fires fromstarting in or threatening these areas.Wildfires can be started in these areasnaturally, such as from a lightning strike,but more often they are started as aresult of human carelessness orintervention.

RAGING WILDFIRES - COULD THEY HAPPEN HERE?The answer is yes and no. Westernforests differ from most eastern forestsbecause they contain mostly evergreen

trees that have a lot ofresin in their needles. Thisresin burns readily, creatingan explosive flame thatrages up the crown, whereit jumps easily from tree to

tree. Because of the Cape’s extensivepitch pine, we are vulnerable to thesetypes of burns, particularly when theCape faces drought conditions.

Western and eastern forests differ in onemore important respect - precipitation.Many western forests are extremely dry.Because of the dry climate, the West isalso plagued by “dry lightning” -electrical storms without rain that oftenspark fires. While the Cape does nottend to have huge, rampant fires like theWest, there have been serious wildfireshere in the past and there likely will be again.

WHEN ARE WILDFIRESMOST LIKELY ON CAPE COD?Wildfire season usually begins in Marchin coastal and southern New England,gradually extending to central, westernand northern areas. The wildfire seasonusually ends in late November. Themajority of wildfires usually occur inApril and May, when home owners arecleaning up from the winter months, andwhen the majority of vegetation is voidof any appreciable moisture making

them highly flammable. Once “green-up”takes place in late May to early June, thefire danger usually is reduced somewhat.

BE PREPARED!• Have an evacuation plan.

• Make sure everyone in your familyknows the plan.

• Have all your evacuation needs(papers, medications, FamilyDisaster Kit, etc.) together.

• As with any disaster, don’t forget toplan in advance for your pets.

WHEN WILDFIRE THREATENSEvacuate immediately if requested!Follow all directions given byemergency personnel.

If time allows:1. Close all windows and doors.

2. Close heavy drapes, blinds orhurricane shutters.

3. Remove lightweight curtains.

4. Move flammable furniture awayfrom windows and glass doors.

5. Back the car into the garage.

6. Disconnect the automatic garagedoor opener.

7. Turn off fuel supplies at the connection.

8. Connect a garden hose with a nozzleto an outside tap.

Sources:www.nesec.org; Cape Cod Brush Breakers Pictorial Historywww.capecodfd.com/PAGES%20Special/Breakers00.htm;www.fs.fed.us/na/durham.

Wildfires

20

In the spring of 1964 a huge brush fire raged in the area of Boardly Road and Hog Pond Road, in South Sandwich, MA. (Photo by Gordon Caldwell, Cape Cod Times, courtesy of COMM Fire Department.)

Fire circa 1920s. (Photo courtesy of COMM Fire Department.)

21

In 1965 a huge forest fire, which started on the MMR/Otis, jumped Route 6 and burned down into Sandwich’s center. (Photo courtesy of COMM Fire Department.)

A view from Onset of the great 1907 forest fire in the Bourne-Sandwich area.(Photo courtesy of COMM Fire Department.)

smoldering and the resulting smoketo carry into and possibly throughthe night.

400-600/HighFire intensity begins to significantlyincrease. Fires will readily burn inall directions exposing mineral soilsin some locations. Larger fuels mayburn or smolder for several dayscreating possible smoke and controlproblems.

600-800/ExtremeSurface litter and most of theorganic layer is consumed. Stumps

will burn to the end of rootsunderground. Spotting from snags isa major problem if close to line.Expect dead limbs on trees to ignitefrom sparks. Expect extremeintensity on all fires, which makescontrol efforts difficult. With windsabove 10 miles per hour, spotting isthe rule. Expect increased need forresources for fire suppression. Directinitial attack is almost impossible.Only rapid response time to wildfirewith complete mop up and patrolwill prevent a major fire situationfrom developing.

KEETCH-BYRAM(SOIL MOISTURE) DROUGHT INDEX (KBDI)The KBDI is a mathematical systemfor relating current and recentweather conditions to potential orexpected fire behavior. This systemis based primarily on recent rainfallpatterns. The result of this system isa drought index number rangingfrom 0-800 that accuratelydescribes the amount of moisturethat is missing; 0 = no moisturedeficiency and 800 = maximumdrought possible.

Drought Index/Fire Danger Expected Conditions

0-200/LowSoil and fuel moisture is high. Mostfuels will not readily ignite or burn.However, with sufficient sunlightand wind, cured grasses and somelight surface fuels will burn in spotsand patches.

200-400/ModerateFires more readily burn and willcarry across an area with no “gaps”.Heavier fuels will still not readilyignite and burn. Also, expect

If your boat ismoored, docked,or stored in arecreationalharbor, the threat of hurricanes is a veryreal concern. Even the least severeCategory 1 hurricane can havedevastating effects in today’s crowdedharbors. These high-density areas can bedisasters waiting to happen because ofthe close proximity of vessels to oneanother, faulty mooring maintenance,and a general lack of hurricanepreparedness.

Although the harbor manager or harbormaster will try to ensure that boats intheir harbor are safe, the ultimateresponsibility falls upon the boat owner.In order to protect personal property andthe vessels around them, owners must:

• Know their boat and their own skills

• Know the surrounding area andpotential weather threats

• Have a Hurricane/Storm Plan

Creating a plan and being ready for ahurricane starts well in advance of theboating season. When boat ownersprepare their vessel for the boatingseason, they should also prepare ahurricane plan. Prior to the hurricaneseason, decisions should be made as towhere the safest place for the vesselwould be, the adequacy of the presentmooring or dock, and what type ofequipment is necessary to have onboard. Each boat owner needs a planunique to the type of boat, local boatingenvironment, the severe weatherconditions likely to occur, and thecharacteristics of safe havens available.

ADVANCED AWARENESS1. Prior to the hurricane season,

develop a detailed plan of action tosecure your vessel in the marina. Ifpermitted, remove your boat fromthe threatened area, or take your boatto a previously identified hurricanerefuge. Specifically, identify andassemble needed equipment andsupplies. Keep them together. Beforehurricane season, practice your planto ensure that it works.

2. Know the preparation status of allneighboring boats and hurricaneplan of your boatyard or marina.This has to be a group effort.

3. Arrange for a friend to carry outyour plans if you are out of townduring hurricane season.

4. Check your lease or storage rentalagreement with the marina orstorage area. Know yourresponsibilities and liabilities as wellas those of the marina.

5. Consolidate all records, includinginsurance policies, a recent photo ofyour vessel, boat registration,equipment inventory, lease

agreement with themarina or storage area, and telephonenumbers of

appropriate authorities (i.e., harbor master, Coast Guard,insurance agent, National WeatherService, etc.) and keep them in your possession.

6. Before a hurricane threatens, analyze how you will removevaluable equipment from the boatand how long it will take, so youwill have an accurate estimate of thetime and work involved. When ahurricane is approaching, and afteryou have made anchoring ormooring provisions, remove allmoveable equipment such as canvas,sails, dinghies, radios, cushions,biminis and roller furling sails. Lashdown everything you cannot remove such as tillers, wheels, booms, etc.Make sure the electrical system iscut off unless you plan to leave theboat in the water, and remove thebattery to eliminate the risk of fireor other damage.

SAFEGUARDINGRECREATIONAL BOATSOption 1: Get out of the waterIf the vessel is small and trailers easily, itshould be taken out of the water andmoved to higher ground. This is thesafest means of protecting a vessel. Beingout of the water does not automaticallymean that your boat is safe. It is onlyprotected from the storm surge and waveaction – rain and wind must still beconsidered.

Option 2: Stay in the waterStaying in the water assumes that thevessel will either: (1) stay on the mooring or dock; (2) go to a hurricanehole to anchor; or (3) head out to sea.Hurricane conditions at sea are extremelyviolent. Going offshore should not be

Preparing Your Boat for a Storm

22 Photo in background courtesy of S. Teper, ©2004

23

considered as a viable option for mostrecreational boaters.

WHAT YOU SHOULD DO……IF you can trailer your boat:• Determine the requirement to

load and haul your boat to a saferarea. Be sure your tow vehicle iscapable of properly and adequatelymoving the boat. Check your trailer:tires, bearings and axle should all bein good condition. Too often a flattire, frozen bearings or broken axleprevents the owner from moving a boat.

• Once at a “safe” place, lash yourboat to the trailer and place blocksbetween the frame members and theaxle inside each wheel. Owners oflight weight boats, after consultingwith the manufacturer, may wish toconsider letting about half the airout of the tires, then filling the boatone-third full of water to help holdit down. (The blocks will preventdamage to the springs from theadditional weight of the water.)

• Secure your boat with heavy lines tofixed objects. Try to pick a locationthat allows you to secure it from allfour directions, because hurricanewinds rotate and change direction.It can be tied down to screwanchors secured into the ground.Remember that trees are oftenblown over during a hurricane.

…IF your non-trailerable boat is in dry storage:• Determine the safest, most realistic,

obtainable haven for your boat, andmake arrangements to move yourboat there. When selecting a “safe”location, be sure to considerwhether storm surge could rise intothe area. Wherever you choose tolocate your boat for the duration ofthe hurricane, lash the boat to itscradle with heavy lines andconsider, based on the weight of theboat, adding water to the bilge tohelp hold it down.

• Never leave a boat on davits or on a hydro-lift.

…IF your non-trailerable boat is in wet storage:The owner of a large boat, usually onemoored in a berth, has three options thateach requires a separate strategy:

• Secure the boat in the marina berth.

• Moor the boat in a previouslyidentified safe area.

• Haul the boat.

…IF your boat will remain in marina berth:• Double all lines. Rig crossing spring

lines fore and aft. Attach lines highon pilings to allow for tidal rise orsurge. Make sure lines will not slipoff pilings. Inspect pilings andchoose those that seem strongestand tallest and are properlyinstalled. The longer the dock lines,

the better a boat will be at copingwith high tides. It is also essential to double up on all lines and usechafe protectors at any potentialchafe points.

• Cover all lines at rough points toprevent chafing. Wrap with tape,rags, and rubber hoses, etc. Installfenders to protect the boat fromrubbing against the pier, pilings and other boats.

• Assess the attachment of primarycleats, winches and chocks. Theseshould have substantial back plates and adequate stainless steel bolt sizes.

• Batteries should be fully chargedand checked to ensure theircapability to run automatic bilgepumps for the duration of thestorm. Consider backup batteries.Cut off all devices consumingelectricity except bilge pumps.

• Do Not Stay Aboard. Stormconditions are extremely violent.First and foremost, safeguard human life.

Sources:www.boatus.com/seaworthy/hurricane/default.asp;http://seagrant.gso.uri.edu/factsheets/hurncane.html; Major Storm Preparedness, Aware Boaters Checklist,FEMA Region 1.

24

Cape Codders are no stranger to some ofnature’s strongest forces. Everyoneshould know what to do in the event ofa natural or man-made disaster…andthose with pets should take extraprecautions. Here’s how you…and yourpets…can prepare for emergencies.

PREPARE — BEFORE IT HAPPENS

• Make sure your animals arewearing collars with securelyfastened up-to-dateidentification. Ask your vet aboutmicrochipping your pets—it’s anexcellent way to assure that theymake it safely back to you. Birds canbe identified by photographs and leg bands.

• Identify a safe location tobring your pet—a pet-friendlyhotel, a shelter that accepts animals,or a friend’s home—so you knowwhere to take them in the event of adisaster. Most Red Cross shelters donot accept animals. The PublicShelter on the MassachusettsMilitary Reservation does have onepet shelter adjacent to it. If thisshelter is open, then the pet sheltermay be one option for you. Pleasevisit the Cape Animal CARE websitefor lists of shelters and hotels onCape Cod that accept animals. If adisaster is pending, prepare to

evacuate, and do so early foryour safety—and your pets’.

• In the event you can’t getback to your house, arrangefor a trusted friend orneighbor to retrieve youranimals. This person should have akey, be comfortable with your pets,and know where your pet’s disastersupply kit is kept.

ESSENTIALS—CREATE A DISASTER KIT(BEFORE THE STORM)

INCLUDE:❑ Up-to-date medications

❑ Medical records and aninformation sheet on specialneeds/feeding and exerciseregimens for the boardingfacility or shelter

❑ Veterinarian’s phone number

❑ Properly-sized carriers fortransporting and housing(especially if evacuation to a pet-friendly shelter is necessary)

❑ Sturdy leash

❑ Food and potablewater and bowls

❑ Cat litter/pan

❑ Can opener

❑ Pet toys and beds

❑ Current photo of your pets in case theyget lost

❑ Out-of-state phonenumber of a friend orrelative to contact shouldyour home phone be outof service

❑ Pet First Aid Kit

TAKE YOUR ANIMALSWITH YOU!Leaving pets behind can result in theirinjury, loss, or death. Always take yourpets with you! If they cannot stay withyou during an evacuation, take them to a prearranged shelter out of theevacuation area.

After an Event:• Walk pets on a leash until they

become re-oriented to theirhome – often familiar scents andlandmarks may be altered and petscould easily be confused and getlost. Also, downed power lines andother debris can all pose a threat toanimals after a disaster.

• If pets cannot be found after adisaster, contact the localanimal control office to findout where lost animals can berecovered. Bring along a picture ofyour pet if possible.

• After a disaster animals canbecome aggressive ordefensive – monitor theirbehavior. If you see an injured orstranded wild animal, do notattempt to help them. Call youranimal control officer.

For more information on caring for yourpet in a disaster or to locate a Cape Codpet-friendly emergency shelter go to:www.CapeAnimalCare.org;www.fema.gov/library/anemer.shtm

Protecting Petsin the Event of a Disaster

Photos courtesy of the Humane Society of the U.S.

Safety Tips forMotoristsAfter almost every disaster, search andrescue teams find victims who mighthave survived if they had knownwhether to stay with or leave their cars.The following are safety tips for driversin various types of emergencies. Thisinformation should be kept in the glovecompartment of your car. In anysituation, the most important rule is —Don’t panic!

Listen to radio or television for the latestNational Weather Service bulletins onsevere weather for the area in which youwill drive. In times of developingemergencies, keep a radio or televisionon and await instructions. If evacuationis recommended, move quickly butcalmly, following instructions as towhich route to be used, evacuationshelter to be sought, and otherdirections.

HURRICANES —-EVACUATE EARLYFlooding can begin well before ahurricane nears land. Plan to evacuateearly, and keep a full tank of gas duringthe hurricane season. Learn the bestevacuation route before a storm forms,and make arrangements with friends orrelatives inland to stay with them untilthe storm has passed. Never attempt todrive during a hurricane, and wait untilthe “all clear” is given after the storm.Flash flooding can occur after ahurricane has passed. Avoid driving oncoastal and low-lying roads. Storm surgeand hurricane-caused flooding are erraticand may occur with little or no warning– and in some locations, such asWellfleet Harbor, can occur hours afterthe storms appears to have passed.

FLOOD —-GET OUT OF THE CARNever attempt to drive through water ona road. Water can be deeper than itappears and water levels can rise veryquickly. Most cars will float for at least ashort while. A car can be buoyed by

floodwaters and then swept downstreamduring a flood. Floodwaters also canerode roadways, and a missing section ofroad-even a missing bridge-will not bevisible with water running over the area.Wade through floodwaters only if thewater is not flowing rapidly and only inwaters no higher than the knees. If a carstalls in floodwater, get out quickly andmove to higher ground. The floodwatersmay still be rising, and the car could getswept away at any moment.

TORNADO —-GET OUT OF THE CARA car is the least safe place to be in atornado. When a warning is issued, donot try to leave the area by car. If you arein a car, leave it and find shelter in abuilding. If a tornado approaches andthere are no safe structures nearby, lieflat in a ditch or other grounddepression with your arms over yourhead.

SUMMER HEAT —-STAY OUT OF A PARKED CARDuring hot weather, heat build-up in aclosed or nearly closed car can occurquickly and intensely. Children and petscan die from heat stroke in a matter of

MINUTES when left in a closed car.NEVER leave anyone in a parked carduring periods of high summer heat.

ALWAYS KEEP EMERGENCYSUPPLIES IN YOUR VEHICLECars should be equipped with suppliesthat could be useful in any emergency.The supplies in the kit should include, ata minimum:

❑ blanket/sleeping bag

❑ jumper cables and tools

❑ bottled water

❑ canned fruits and nuts andmanual can opener

❑ first aid kit

❑ flashlight and extra batteries

❑ rain gear and extra clothes

❑ necessary medication

❑ matches and candles

❑ shovel (not just for winter travel)

Sources:The American Red Cross.

Driving in a Disaster

25Photos courtesy of the NASA Project at Prescott College, AZ.

26

Power outages can be very frustratingand troublesome, especially when theyare prolonged.

SAFETY AFTER THE STORM• If a power line has fallen on the car

you are in, remain in the car untilhelp arrives. Do not attempt to pullaway. A cellular phone may be usedto call 911 for help.

• Stay clear of all fallen tree limbs andelectrical wires as well as anythingthey are touching - such as puddlesand metal fences.

• Notify local fire, police, and electricutility officials about downed power lines.

• Do not enter damaged buildingswith flame lanterns, candles orlighted cigarettes because there maybe gas leaks.

• If possible, stay off the road. If youhave to drive, watch out for treesand wires in the roadway. Do notdrive across a downed power line.Treat all non-working traffic lights as stop signs and proceed cautiouslyat intersections.

• Try to keep people and traffic awayfrom downed power lines untilofficials arrive.

SAVING YOURPERISHABLE FOODPerishable food should not be heldabove 40 degrees Fahrenheit for morethan 2 hours. If a power outage is 2 hours or less, you need not beconcerned, but how do you save yourfood when the refrigerator is out forlonger times? Being prepared can help. By planning ahead, you can saveyour perishables.

What do I need?

❑ Coolers. Inexpensive styrofoamcoolers can do an excellent jobas well.

❑ Ice. Surrounding your foodwith ice in a cooler will ensurethat it will stay cold.

❑ Shelf-stable foods – such ascanned goods and powderedor boxed milk – can be eatencold or heated on the grill.

❑ A digital quick-responsethermometer can quickly tellyou the internal temperaturesof food for doneness andsafety.

What to do?

Do not open the refrigerator or freezer.An unopened door will keep food coldenough for a couple of hours at least. Afreezer that is half full will hold adequatetemperature for up to 24 hours and afull freezer for 48 hours.

If it looks like the power outage will befor more than 2-4 hours, pack allrefrigerated milk, dairy, meats, fish, eggs,etc. in your cooler surrounded by ice.

If it looks like the power outage will beprolonged, prepare a cooler with ice foryour freezer items.

Frequently Asked Questions:

• What if I go to bed and the power

is still not on?

Before you go to bed, pack your

perishable into your coolers (if you

haven’t already done so) and put in

as much ice as you can. Also, leave a

bedroom light switched on. When

the power goes back on, it may

wake you and you check the

condition of things and return items

to the refrigerator or freezer.

• What food should be discardedafter a power outage?As soon as the power returns, checktemperatures. If the food in thefreezer has ice crystals and is notabove 40 degrees, you can refreeze.If your freezer is fairly full and youknow it was not longer than 24hours, the food should be okay.There will be a loss of quality withrefreezing, but the food will be safe.Perishable foods in the refrigeratorshould not be above 40 degrees formore than two hours.

Sources: American Red Cross Publication #1098; NSTARCommunity Relations Department.

Power OutagesALWAYS consider all downed wires

energized and Dangerous!

Stay alert – don’t get hurt.

First – Stay safe. Keep yourself andothers away.

Second – Call 9-1-1 immediately(your local emergency services cancontact NSTAR directly). Or, report the location to NSTAR at 1-800-592-2000.

BUYING A STANDBYGENERATOR:Buying a standby generator is like buyingfire insurance—you may never need it,but it is invaluable when trouble hits.Although your electrical system is highlydependable and reliable, it is subject tothe whims of Mother Nature. How wellare you prepared to handle a prolongedoutage? How will you heat your homeand keep foods from spoiling?

Now is the time to inventory yourelectrical needs. Assume you willexperience long outages that could causeyou inconvenience and financial loss.Standby generators are not normallystocked in any quantity, so don’t plan onbuying one after an outage occurs.Remember, too, the installation ofstandby equipment requires a double-pole, double-throw switch, which keepselectricity from the generator from goingout onto the power suppliers’ lines.Operating a standby generator withoutone is extremely dangerous and couldresult in financial liability.

If your generator is improperlyinstalled, it will pose a threat to thelives of utility line repairmen. Adouble-pole, double-throw switch,placed between the meter and the mainfuse or breaker panel, will preventelectricity produced by the generatorfrom returning to the distributionsystem. Without this switch, thegenerator’s volts could travel through thetransformer and over a wire that alineman believes is safe to handle. Themanual switch ensures that thegenerator’s power only reaches selectcircuits in the home.

FOR OVERALL SAFE USE OFGENERATORS:❑ Be certain that it has been

installed following theMassachusetts and NationalElectric Safety Codes – haveyour local wire inspector checkthe installation to ensurecompliance.

❑ Be certain that when you useyour generator the mainbreaker is off and/or there is amanual disconnect from theNSTAR grid.

❑ Never connect generators toanother power source such aspower lines. Never connect itto your home’s electricalsystem.

❑ Always follow themanufacturer’s instructions andguidelines. Know yourequipment. Thoroughly readall operating and maintenanceinstructions before use.

❑ Always use and maintaingenerators properly.

❑ Always refuel generatorsoutdoors. Do not attempt tofill the gas tank while thegenerator is operating.

❑ Always use the appropriatesize and type of power cord tocarry the electric load.

❑ Never run cords under rugs orcarpets where heat might buildup or damage to a cord maygo unnoticed.

❑ Connect appliances directly tothe generator itself withproperly sized power cords.

❑ Provide adequate ventilationfor toxic exhaust.

❑ Provide a cooling airflow forthe machine.

❑ Keep children as far away fromthe generator as possible.Teach them to stay away fromthe generator.

Sources: American Red Cross Publication #1098; NSTARCommunity Relations Department.

Generator Safety

27

Even when hooked up properly generators can be dangerous, as evidenced by arecent generator fire at the Barnstable Town Offices (Winter 2003).(Photo courtesy of Stacey Justus.)

28

Generally, most rainwater is quicklyabsorbed into the ground or runs intoestuaries or ponds and generally posesno flooding concern. If, however, recentrains have kept water levels high, if theground is frozen, or in extreme droughtswhen the ground has hardened and is nolonger as permeable, there is a greaterlikelihood of sheet flow, causing surfacewater “ponding” or standing water instreets and yards. Roadway and parkinglot drainage systems are typicallydesigned to handle 25 year storms (astorm that has a 4% (1/25) chance ofoccurring in any given year).

Even the best maintained drainagesystems cannot totally prevent flooding.During and after extremely heavy rain orrapid snow melt, standing water instreets, yards, and low-lying areas forextended periods of time is expected and normal.

HOW CANYOU HELP?❑ Learn about the drainage system

supporting your development orindividual home and how it is tied into the area system. Your town engineer can provide this information.

❑ Report the locationand condition ofclogged, damaged, ormalfunctioning facilities to townDepartments of Public Works orEngineering, or to HomeownersAssociations if you live on privatestreets. They may then have theopportunity to make the necessaryrepairs and ensure that the drainagesystems are functioning properly inadvance of a serious storm orrain/melt event.

❑ Clear debris from drains or catchbasin grates that are near your homeor business. During a major weatherevent while town staff is stressedand likely to be dealing withemergencies, it is not realistic toexpect that they will be available toensure that all drains are clear ofleaves, trash, and other debris.Please help enable your community’sdrainage system to function byensuring that the drains in front ofyour home or business are clear ofdebris. This simple “good neighbor”measure can go along way to

preventing street and yard floodingand its related property damage.

❑ Do not treat your drainagesystem like a garbage disposal.Keep catch basins, ditches, swales,drainage grates and retention pondsclear of debris, trash and otherdiscarded material, andcontaminants.

❑ Do not pump flooded basementsor empty swimming pools intostreets or catch basins as this couldclog drainage facilities and pollutenearby water bodies.

Understand Your Stormwater Drainage System

Photos courtesy of MEMA.

29

ProperDisposal, Use andAlternativesWHY IS HAZARDOUSHOUSEHOLD WASTEA PROBLEM?Overexposure to household productscontaining toxic ingredients may weakenthe immune system or cause chronichealth problems. They adversely impactthe most vulnerable: the very young andthe very old. Discarded improperly, theycan contaminate air, water and soil.

Groundwater supplies are at risk ofbeing contaminated by householdhazardous wastes disposed of in thetrash, on land, or down drains. Surfacewaters are also at risk of beingcontaminated in the same way.

WHAT ARE HAZARDOUSHOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS?Hazardous household products (HHPs)are any materials used around the homethat pose a threat—actual or potential—to human health or the environmentwhen handled, stored or disposed ofcarelessly or dangerously. These materialscan be solid, liquid, sludge orcompressed gases. They have one ormore of the following characteristics:

Corrosive: can burn or destroy livingtissue and other materials

Toxic: can cause injury or death wheneaten, inhaled, or absorbed; can causecontamination in the environment

Ignitable: can easily catch fire

Reactive: may generate excessive heat,noxious fumes, or explosion whenmixed with other substances

A HHP becomes a hazardous waste ifyou throw it away. If the hazardousproduct is used up or recycled it is notconsidered hazardous waste. Nor areempty containers, no matter whatproduct they once contained.

COMMON HAZARDOUSPRODUCTSIn the Home:• asbestos

• asphalt

• mercury thermometers andthermostats

• paints, varnishes, shellacs, lacquers

• paint thinners and removers,turpentine

• roofing tar

• rust preventatives and removers

• solvents

• wood preservatives

In the Yard and Garden:• charcoal lighter fluid

• pest strips

• pesticides

• pool chemicals

• weed killers

In Automobile Maintenance:• antifreeze

• auto polishes and waxes

• batteries

• cleaners and solvents

• gasoline and kerosene

• lubricants

• motor oil

In Cleaning and Household Maintenance:• air fresheners

• disinfectants

• drain openers

• furniture and metal polishes

• mothballs and moth flakes

• oven cleaners

• spot and stain removers

• toilet bowl cleaners

• tub and tile cleaners

HOW CAN I TELL IF APRODUCT IS HAZARDOUS?Before you buy or use a product, readthe label—carefully. And because labelsare sometimes incomplete or misleading,watch out for key words that indicatehazardous ingredients: Flammable,Corrosive, Toxic, Caustic, Warning, Danger,Caution, Contents Under Pressure,Petroleum Distillates, Keep Out Of ReachOf Children.

Choose products that give clearinstructions and explain the hazardsinvolved in the use of the product.Carefully follow instructions andwarnings. Until all manufacturers listingredients and warnings on productlabels, be wary of inadequately labeledproducts.

WHAT SHOULD I DO WITHHAZARDOUS PRODUCTSIN MY HOME?Above all, be careful when storinghazardous products and the tools usedwith them. Keep these products out ofliving areas, preferably in a lockedstorage area if you have children or pets.Store hazardous products in a drylocation in original containers, awayfrom heat or flames. Keep a check oncontainers to make sure they don’t leak.

With common-sense precautions andhandling, hazardous products can be

Hazardous Household Products

30

used safely in your home. They onlybecome hazardous waste when youthrow them away!

WHERE CAN I SAFELY DISPOSEOF HAZARDOUS WASTES?All Cape Cod towns offer residents freeHHP collections each year. You can takepart in these collections to get rid ofhazardous materials.

Residents also have year-round optionsfor recycling many hazardous materialsat their town’s recycling center. Recyclethese items instead of saving them forthe hazardous household collections, asmost towns will not accept them oncollection day. Usable oil and latex paintsand stains may be recycled in manytowns during the warm months. Latexpaint is no longer considered hazardous,so unusable paint should be dried outwith kitty litter and thrown away inhousehold trash.

BRING TO THECOLLECTIONS:• Pesticides, Herbicides, Fungicides

• Outdated Pesticides – DDT,Chlordane, Silvex, PentawoodPreservatives

• Rodent Poisons, “No Pest” Strips,Flea Collars

• Gasoline, Brake and Power Steering Fluids

• Radiator Flush, White Wall Cleaner,Bug and Tar Remover

• Furniture Polish, Metal Polish, Moth Balls

• Drain Cleaners, Spot Removers,Solvents, Cesspool Cleaners, Acids

• Oil-based Paints and Stains, Marine Paints, Auto Paints, otherSolvent-based Paints

• Solvent-based Paint Thinners andStrippers, Turpentine, MineralSpirits, Acetone

• Solvent-based Wood Finishes,Varnish, Shellac, Wood Preservatives

• Photo and Pool Chemicals,Chemistry Sets

• Thermostats, Switches,Thermometers, Jars containing Mercury

DO NOT BRING TO THE COLLECTIONS:• Latex and Acrylic Paints, Water-

based Stains and Water-basedFinishes are not consideredhazardous. Open cans and allow theliquid to dry, or add kitty litter tothe cans to absorb the liquid. Whenthe liquid is dry or fully absorbed,dispose of the open can in yourhousehold trash.

• Smoke Detectors – place incardboard box, tape shut, dispose of in trash.

• Explosives, Ammunition, Fireworksor Flares – check with Police or FireDepartment for disposal.

BRING TO YOUR TOWN’SRECYCLING CENTER (ask aboutwhere to deposit – DO NOT simplythrow away with regular trash!):• Used Oil and Oil Filters

• Spent Antifreeze (where accepted)

• Old Gasoline (where accepted)

• Rechargeable Batteries

• Fluorescent Bulbs and Mercury-containing Devices

• Empty Fire Extinguishers

• Empty Propane Gas Cylinders

• Empty Cans, including dry paint and aerosol cans

• Televisions, Computer Monitors,and Electronics

HOW CAN I REDUCE MY USEOF HAZARDOUS PRODUCTS?Several methods exist to eliminate orreduce the need for hazardoushousehold products. There are manynatural or nontoxic productscommercially available, and many canbe made from common householdproducts such as baking soda, salt, andwhite vinegar.

Homemade cleaners allow for individualcontrol over ingredients. Not only canyou avoid dangerous ingredients, butirritating dyes and perfumes also. You

ALTERNATIVES TO COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PRODUCTSIf you use: Try:

Air freshener White vinegar in an open dish or open the window.

All-purpose cleaner White vinegar undiluted for tough stains, diluted with water for regular cleaning.

Bleach Borax

Drain cleaner Use plunger, then pour 1/2 cup baking soda and 1/2 cup warm white vinegar down the drain. After 15 minutes, flush with boiling water to dissolve crystals.

Furniture polish 1 teaspoon lemon oil in 1 pint mineral oil

Glass cleaner Mix 3 tablespoons white vinegar, 1/2 teaspoon liquid soap, and 2 cups water.

Oven cleaner Sprinkle spills with baking soda, cover with wet paper towels, and let stand overnight, then wipe up and rinse. Or set a dish of ammonia in the oven overnight. Add water to the ammonia in the morning and wipe the interior.

Metal polish Clean copper, bronze and brass with a paste of white vinegar and salt; rub metal, then rinse and dry.

Scouring cleanser Use baking soda, salt, borax or a non-chlorine cleanser.

Toilet bowl cleaner Pour 1/2 cup borax into bowl and let stand overnight, then scrub with brush.

31

should remember, however, that somealternative methods may not becompletely non-toxic. Using them helpsto reduce hazardous waste andcontributes to the overall effort to createa healthier environment.

When buying products in the home,auto and yard categories listed onprevious pages, take the time to comparelabels. And don’t let words like“organic,” “natural” or “nontoxic”mislead you. Take note of the ingredientsbecause some products classified asnontoxic do contain toxic ingredients.And not all natural ingredients are safe.

Use water-based products whenever possible.

Use cleaners wisely:• Use heavy-duty cleaners only for

heavy-duty jobs.

• Use elbow grease instead of solvents.

• Avoid aerosols by using pumpsprays or wipe-on products.

• Avoid chemical air fresheners bycorrecting the source of the odor.

• Use a plunger or hand snake forunclogging drains.

Examine your painting needs and practices:• Use latex or water-based paints

whenever possible.

• Buy only what you need and use itall up.

• Use wood preservatives only if water repellants won’t do.

• Reuse solvents and thinners byletting solids settle and pouring offthe clean liquid.

Reduce or eliminate pesticide use:• Plant native species and maintain

plant health.

• Learn about pests and plant diseasesand how to target them effectively.

• Use non-chemical controls first.

Avoid products that contain these ingredients:• Chlorinated compounds such as

trichloroethane or methyl chloridefound in solvents and paintstrippers.

• Creosote or penta woodpreservatives.

• Lye or sodium hydroxide found indrain and oven cleaners.

• Phenols found in disinfectants andgermicides.

• Petroleum distillates found infurniture and metal polishes,pesticides, and paint thinners.

• Aerosols, because spraying causescontents to break into particlessmall enough to be inhaled.

Older products should be handled withcare. They may contain toxic chemicalsthat are no longer sold. Dispose of themat your town’s Hazardous HouseholdProducts Collections.

Call for information about HHPcollections/disposal:Barnstable ........................508-420-2258Bourne .............................508-759-0651Brewster ..................508-896-3701 x120Chatham ..........................508-945-5165Dennis .............................508-760-6158Eastham ..................508-240-5900 x229Falmouth ................508-548-7611 x485Harwich ...........................508-430-7558Mashpee...........................508-539-1420Orleans ............................508-255-0050Provincetown ..........508-487-7000 x537Sandwich .........................508-833-8003Truro................................508-349-6339Wellfleet...........................508-349-0308Yarmouth .........................508-394-0141

Sources: This information and all photos were provided byBarnstable County’s Cape Cod Cooperative Extension. See www.capecodextension.org.

32

Tracking a HurricaneA

tlantic B

asin H

urrican

e Track

ing C

hart

National H

urricane Center, M

iami, Florida

HO

WT

OT

RA

CK

AH

UR

RIC

AN

ETropical cyclone advisories are issued at six-hourintervals by the N

ational Hurricane C

enter/TropicalPrediction C

enter. Each m

essage gives the name, center

(eye) position, intensity, and forecast movem

ent of thetropical cyclone. A

dvisories are numbered consecutively

for each storm. Present location and intensity are

described, and expected movem

ent is given. Hurricane

center positions are given by latitude and longitude.W

hen the storm m

oves within range of radar, center

positions may also be given as statute m

iles and compass

direction from a specified point.

When you receive a tropical cyclone advisory, note the

advisory number, center position, intensity and forecast

direction of movem

ent. Then m

ark the center positionon the tracking chart. Because hurricanes changedirection very quickly, you should listen m

ore carefullyto w

here the storm w

ill go than where it has been.

For further information regarding natural hazards and disaster preparedness in your community contact your town’s Local Emergency Manager at:

Barnstable..................(508) 775-0920 Bourne ...........................(508) 759-0607

Brewster.....................(508) 896-7011 Chatham ........................(508) 945-1213

Dennis ........................(508) 394-1313 Eastham .........................(508) 255-2324

Falmouth....................(508) 495-7456 Harwich..........................(508) 430-7541

Mashpee ....................(508) 539-1454 Orleans...........................(508) 255-0050

Provincetown ............(508) 487-7099 Sandwich .......................(508) 477-0084

Truro ...........................(508) 487-8730 Wellfleet ........................(508) 349-3702

Yarmouth ...................(508) 775-0445

Should a weather event threaten Cape Cod, residents and visitors can tune to the following stationsfor up to date information:

MASSACHUSETTS NOAA WEATHER RADIO TRANSMITTER: CALL FREQ (MHz) WATTS NWS Programming Office

BOSTON KHB35 162.475 500 BOSTON, MA

EGREMONT WXM82 162.450 300 ALBANY, NY

GLOUCESTER MARINE WNG574 162.425 300 BOSTON, MA

HYANNIS (Camp Edwards) KEC73 162.550 1000 BOSTON, MA

MT. GREYLOCK WWF48 162.525 100 ALBANY, NY

WORCESTER WXL93 162.550 500 BOSTON, MA

LOCAL RADIO STATIONS:

WCAI 90.1 FM Woods Hole, MA WCCT 90.3 FM Harwich, MA

WKKL 90.7 FM West Barnstable, MA WNAN 91.1 FM Nantucket, MA

WSDH 91.5 FM Sandwich, MA WOMR 92.1 FM Provincetown, MA

WMVY 92.7 FM Martha’s Vineyard, MA WDVT 93.5 FM Harwich Port, MA

WXTK 95.1 FM West Yarmouth, MA WRZE 96.3 FM Nantucket, MA

WJFD 97.3 FM New Bedford, MA WCTK 98.1 FM New Bedford, MA

WPLM 99.1 FM Plymouth, MA WQRC* 99.9 FM Barnstable, MA

WTWV 101.1 FM Mashpee, MA WCIB 101.9 FM Falmouth, MA

WPXC 102.9 FM Hyannis, MA WOCN 103.9 FM South Yarmouth, MA

WKPE 104.7 FM Orleans, MA WCOD 106.1 FM Hyannis, MA

WFCC 107.5 FM Chatham, MA WRKO 680 AM Boston, MA

WBZ** 1030 AM Boston, MA WBUR 1240 AM West Yarmouth, MA

*In case of an emergency the Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency, the State Police, the Governor, or the NationalWeather Service can active the Emergency Alert System. Cape Cod’s designated primary regional recipient of this EAS is WQRC99.9 FM. Other Cape stations monitor WQRC for these emergency broadcasts and then rebroadcast the information.

**WBZ 1030 AM is the state alternate primary regional recipient of the Emergency Alert System. Tune here if WQRC is unavailablefor some reason.

Important Contacts

This publication was produced collaboratively as a public service by:

American Red Cross – Cape Cod Chapter Barnstable County AmeriCorpsBarnstable County Fire Chief’s Association Barnstable County Sheriff’s Office

Cape Cod Animal Emergency Coalition Cape and Islands Emergency Medical Services SystemCape Cod Commission COMM Fire DepartmentCotuit Fire Department Harwich Fire Department