Capacity development and strengthening

for energy policy formulation and

implementation of sustainable projects in

Indonesia

CASINDO

DELIVERABLE NO. 19:

Development or improvement of infrastructure for

knowledge valorisation

Mara Wijnker (Technische Universiteit Eindhoven)

Bilateral energy cooperation between

Indonesia and the Netherlands BECIN

Nov 2011

Preface This report on the development and strengthening of infrastructure for knowledge valorisation is

deliverable No. 19 of the project ‘Capacity development and strengthening for energy policy

formulation and implementation of Sustainable energy projects in INDOnesia (CASINDO)’. The

CASINDO project aims to establish a self-sustaining and self-developing structure at both the

national and regional level to build and strengthen human capacity to enable the provinces of North

Sumatra, Yogyakarta, Central Java, West Nusa Tenggara and Papua to formulate sound energy

policies and to develop and implement sustainable energy projects. The CASINDO project is funded

by NL Agency and implemented by a consortium co-ordinated jointly by the Indonesian Ministry of

Energy and Mineral Resources and the Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), comprising

the following organisations:

Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Recourses, Jakarta.

Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta.

Diponegoro University, Semarang. University of Sumatra Utara, Medan.

University of Mataram, Mataram.

University of Cenderawasih, Jayapura. Institute of Technology of Bandung (ITB), Bandung.

Technical Education Development Centre (TEDC), Bandung.

Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven.

ETC-Nederland, Leusden. MVV-Decon, Bonn

Energy research Centre of the Netherlands ECN, Petten.

This report has been prepared with assistance of contact persons and teams at UNCEN; Mrs. Endang

Hartinsinh, UMY; Mr. Tony K.Hariadi, UNDIP; Mr. Joko Windarto, USU; Mr. Soeharwinto and

UNRAM; Mrs. Rosmaliati and Mrs. Ria Overwater, Mr. Patrick van Schijndel and Mr. Lex Lemmens at

TU/e.

The sole responsibility for the content of this report lies with the author. It does not represent the

opinion of NL Agency and NL Agency is not responsible for any use that may be made of the

information contained herein.

Abstract

All five universities managed to organise workshops visited each by 30-60 participants. At these

workshops the relationship and possibilities for co-operation between university, industry,

companies, communities etc. were discussed. In total 13-14 workshops have been organised. Most

workshops focussed on a specific topic interesting to both local industry and university. Although the

contents, audience and (in-depth) discussions were very different at each university, it can be said

that ties with local industry in all regions have been improved.

Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................................ 2

1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 5

2. UNDIP................................................................................................................................... 7

2.1 Workshop no. 1: Energy Auditing, 2nd and 3rd of August 2010 ................................................. 7

2.2 Participants......................................................................................................................... 7

2.3 Course of the workshop ....................................................................................................... 7

2.4 Conclusions and follow-up ................................................................................................... 7

2.5 Workshop no. 2: Energy Efficiency, 1st and 2nd of July, 2011 ................................................. 8

2.6 Participants......................................................................................................................... 9

2.7 Location.............................................................................................................................. 9

2.8 Course of the workshop ....................................................................................................... 9

2.9 Conclusions and follow-up ................................................................................................... 9

2.10 Workshop no. 3: Auditing energy, 13th and 14th of December, 2011...................................... 9

3. USU .................................................................................................................................... 10

3.1 workshop no. 1, Slaughterhouse waste, 25th of July, 2010.................................................... 10

3.2 Participants....................................................................................................................... 10

3.3 Location............................................................................................................................ 10

3.4 Course of the workshop ..................................................................................................... 10

3.5 Conclusions and follow-up ................................................................................................. 10

4. UNCEN................................................................................................................................ 12

4.1 Workshop no. 1 and no. 2: hydropower and biofuels/biogas, 19th of January 2011 ................ 12

4.2 Participants....................................................................................................................... 12

4.3 Program and introduced topics .......................................................................................... 12

4.4. Conclusions and follow-up ................................................................................................ 13

4.5 Workshop no. 3: hydropower valorisation, 10th of May 2011 ............................................... 14

4.6 Participants....................................................................................................................... 14

4.7 Course of the workshop (morning session).......................................................................... 14

4.8 Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 15

4.9 Course of the workshop (afternoon session) ....................................................................... 15

4.10 Topics discussed and closure ............................................................................................ 16

5. UNRAM .............................................................................................................................. 17

5.1 Workshop 1: Use of biogas: 28th of June, 2011 .................................................................... 17

5.2 Course of the workshop ..................................................................................................... 18

6. UMY ................................................................................................................................... 19

6.1 workshop no. 1: Launching of the energy consortium 15th of August, 2009 ........................... 19

6.2 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 20

6.3 workshop no. 2: energy efficiency and smart buildings for refugee camps 5th of July 201 ...... 20

6.4 Course of the workshop ..................................................................................................... 20

7. Conclusions......................................................................................................................... 22

1. Introduction During the preparation phase of this project it became clear that each university should have the

opportunity to activities in co-operation with local companies and institutes. Workshops in fields

interesting to both parties seemed an appropriate activity to start and intensify relationships. Choice

for this type of activities was based on the experiences during workshops organised at the end of the

preceding project CAREPI.

The universities would set-up a program on one or two specific topics, and invite interesting

speakers. Although the universities had to put effort in finding and inviting organisations, all of them

managed to gather between 30 and 65 participants at each workshop.

At first, the workshops aimed to be organised during two days, allowing the participants to get to

know each other and have more in-depth discussions on problems, solutions and possibilities for co-

operation in the future during the second day. This concept turned out not to be always feasible, as

the universities sometimes requested to have a one day workshop instead. Most important reason

was that participants of companies/industry often cannot commit themselves for a longer period

then one day.

The table below presents an overview of all workshops organised during the course of the project

and some workshops which will be organised during the final month of CASINDO.

Overview of knowledge valorisation workshops, date and topics

University Workshops

UNDIP 1. Energy auditing, 2nd and 3rd of August, 2010

2. Energy efficiency, 1st and 2nd of July, 2011

3. To be organised: Auditing Energy, 13th and 14th of December, 2011

USU 1.Use of slaughterhouse waste though bio-methanization process, 25th of July 2010

2. To be organised in December: workshop on renewable energy and promotion of

the new master program

UNCEN 1. Use of hydropower as a replacement of fossil fuels, 19th of January 2011

2. Use of biogas/biofuels as replacement of fossil fuels, 19th of January 2011

3. In-depth hydropower valorisation, 10th of May 2011

UNRAM 1.Use of biomass/biogas, 28th of June 2011

2.Use of PV systems and wind energy, 4th and 5th of October, 2011

3.Energy efficiency, 22nd and 23rd of October, 2011

UMY 1.Launching of the energy consortium Yogyakarta; 15th of August 2009

2.Energy efficiency and energy saving through intelligent building engineering, 5th

of July 2011

3.To be organised: Clean development mechanism for community perspective, 19th

of December 2011

It needs to be remarked that of the second and third workshop organised by UNRAM no additional

information can be provided as no TU/e lecturer visited this workshop and reports were not yet

available when finalizing this report.

1. UNDIP

2.1 Workshop no. 1: Energy Auditing, 2nd and 3rd of August 2010 At UNDIP a two-day, intensive program was organized on the topic of energy auditing for industry

and hotels. Based on the conclusions of the second CASINDO workshop (being part of the fast track)

in January 2010, where the invited participants from industries chose energy issues and energy

efficiency as their prime concern, this topic has been selected.

Because of new regulations imposed by government regarding the use of energy and the need to

report on energy use by the larger industries, the need for knowledge on energy efficiency measures

by industry in Indonesia is growing. As a result, workshops on this topic attract large number of

interested participants.

2.2 Participants The workshop aimed to attract 20 participants from regional industries, 10-20 participants from

hotel industries and 20 participants from local government (DINAS) and universities. The attendance

of this workshop was very high, with well over 50-70 participants.

2.3 Course of the workshop Primary idea was to invite the companies to more actively participate by showing their energy

figures and ideas to improve efficiency. This was not possible at this time as these companies have

not yet organized themselves in these issues

Most presentations were carried out in Bahasa Indonesia as most participants came from outside

the university and have a higher understanding of their own language. A combination of English

slides with Indonesian language ensured that also foreigners could understand well. Presenters

came from universities (UNDIP, TU/e and Trisakti), industry and also government and PLN. Level of

most presentations was good and useful for the participants.

During the preparation phase of the workshop most work was done by the UNDIP team following

the first ideas for this workshop as developed in January and the continuation of the discussion on

contents during the visit of Pak Joko and Pak Bambang to TU/e in March. Later on, however, it was

difficult to discuss the timetable and the selection of topics and speakers because of a slow

communication between UNDIP and TU/e.

Despite this the workshop was carried out well and venue and catering were good and well -

organised. Hopefully UNDIP can provide with some kind of follow up for the participants as most of

them want to start carrying out energy audits, after permission of their managers is granted and/or

enforcement of energy audits by the Indonesian government is introduced.

2.4 Conclusions and follow-up The Indonesian energy law only discusses energy conservation. The attendees of the workshop

concluded that energy conservation (not using energy when not needed) is a very different concept

from energy efficiency (doing more using less energy; in a more efficient way). Also they now

understand that benchmarking is a good tool to compare the performance of a production site or a

service, e.g. kWh per hotel guest per day to compare the energy efficiency of different hotels.

As most participants from hotels/industries are not the highest manager in their company they may

not be able to take up actual steps to implement energy auditing but they can spread their workshop

experience to their management. UNDIP will need to give some kind of follow up to these

companies.

Because of the large number of participants it was not easy to understand if all participants were

satisfied with the presented materials and discussion in term of their levels of knowledge and

interest. Therefore it is advised to use evaluation forms after the workshop.

Concern for energy issues was shown by the various questions and discussions of the participants.

One has to understand that in order to do a proper audit in a (larger) company or hotel one should

have a basic understanding of energy engineering, management skills and data. Next to this

someone has to be experienced in implementing changes in technology and operation issues.

UNDIP could play a major role in offering short courses to the workshop participants, in the area of

energy technology and energy calculations, audit and measurement methods and provide basic

training in energy efficiency matters. As a suggestion, such activities could easily be organised as

evening courses or during weekends.

2.5 Workshop no. 2: Energy Efficiency, 1st and 2nd of July, 2011 In 2010 two workshops were held on the topic of industrial energy savings organised by UNDIP. The

first workshop (as part of the fast track) focussed on general energy issues. The industrial

participants concluded that the next workshops should focus on energy efficiency rather than only

renewable energy because forced by government regulations energy use became an important

topic. Since Semarang has a lot of industries the next workshops should focus on Energy efficiency.

In more detail: this workshop focused on technologies which companies can buy and install which

will help them in monitoring energy use and decreasing energy losses by pumps, electrical motors

and blowers (e.g. Schneider).

2.6 Participants The participants were a mixture of companies, lecturers and students. The total number of

participants exceeded 45 each day as the lecture room remained to be completely full from

beginning to end.

2.7 Location The workshop was planned in a conference centre and hotel in the centre of Semarang, but due to

maintenance to the hotel, the workshop had to be moved to another, smaller hotel, which was still

very suitable.

2.8 Course of the workshop There was a lecture from Philips to introduce new lightning aspects and energy efficient lighting

systems. TU/e representative Patrick van Schijndel explained the concept of energy efficiency and

gave practical advice for the companies, e.g. good housekeeping measures, energy monitoring.

2.9 Conclusions and follow-up UNDIP organised that all participants could stay in the workshop venue (hotel), since other locations

appeared to be unavailable. The UNDIP team managed to organise a very good workshop, as in

topics, invited speakers and a large audience

2.10 Workshop no. 3: Auditing energy, 13th and 14th of December, 2011 This two-day workshop will be organised in December in the Candi hotel in Semarang. Around 40

possible participants will be invited from local government, industry, companies and academics.

Among others the following speakers will be invited:

1. PT Siemens Indonesia (the International Electrical Company)

2. PT ESCO Pacific (www.escopacific.com ) - Specialist Company for auditing energy

3. Directorate Conservation Energy, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR)

2. USU

3.1 workshop no. 1, Slaughterhouse waste, 25th of July, 2010 The first part focused on the experiences of USU in processing of slaughterhouse waste presented by

Mrs. Uun, followed by a discussion of the participants. After lunch an excursion took place to visit a

slaughterhouse about 40 minutes out of Medan. The owner of this slaughterhouse explained the

process of slaughtering in detail and demonstrated in what manner the residues were converted

into biogas in s small underground biogas system. The biogas is used by the owner’s family for

cooking.

As many of the participants were unfamiliar with anaerobic waste processing, the combination of

discussing the results of research and the practical sightseeing of the small plant proved worthwhile.

The discussions included all kinds of user experiences as for example: feeding the system and costs

of building.

3.2 Participants This workshop was attended by local government officials, USU staff members and owners of

slaughterhouses in both Medan and northern Sumatra regions. Several attendees came from nearby

regions (outside northern Sumatra, e.g. Karo). The workshop in USU was organized in one day, with

approximately 40 participants.

3.3 Location In terms of workshop organization, the venue used has been the same as previous workshops and

this venue is suitable for this type of activity. The excursion was very interesting and a valuable

contribution to the workshop.

3.4 Course of the workshop The workshop aimed at demonstrating the possibilities of bio-methanization of waste as a way to

decrease the negative effects of waste (water) pollution in the region in combination with

sustainable energy supply. The participants were very interested, especially during the visit of a

slaughterhouse waste biogas unit there were many questions and this was crucial to explain the

potential of this waste treatment method to the participants.

Besides the presentations by the university there could have been more interaction with the

slaughterhouse owners but the main objective of this workshop; “to demonstrate solutions to these

entrepreneurs and the local government has been reached sufficiently well”.

Main presentations were done in Bahasa Indonesia. Given the fact that the interested participants

from SME and local government have better understanding of Bahasa Indonesia this was a good

choice. Of course this makes it more difficult for any English speakers to actively contribute in all

discussions.

3.5 Conclusions and follow-up

For the coming two CASINDO workshops the USU team has to define their focus. Possibilities lie in

the area of energy efficiency and local rural electricity / cooling supply as involved lecturers are

doing research in these areas. USU has to determine the choice of topics in accordance with their

future objectives in renewable energy teaching/research and knowledge dissemination.

The workshop at USU in Medan was changed from a two-day exercise into a one-day event. The

second day was used to have several discussions about the CASINDO program. This has been

worthwhile as the USU team needs all the support they can get. The reason to change to a one-day

workshop was a practical one as participants from the slaughterhouses indicated that they could

only spend one day at the workshop.

The workshop attendees in Medan were merely the owners of slaughterhouses and local

government officials. Some USU staff attended this workshop, and that last figure could have been a

bit higher, although the core USU ‘energy team’ members participated during the workshop morning

session. The afternoon session, in which one slaughterhouse that uses part of the animal waste for

home gas production was visited, turned out to be a good choice. The attending participants not

being academic benefitted enormously from seeing a practical example of a working biogas system

demonstrated by a very enthusiastic owner of that system.

A possible second day of this workshop could have focused on:

- Possible choices of technology of the reactor

- Costs and subsidies for bio-digesters

- Storing gas, generating electricity using biogas

USU Medan has now demonstrated that their research into waste processing using anaerobic

techniques has allowed them to be an active knowledge centre that is able to disseminate the

technology to the Medan region. It is advised that (part of their) budget for CASINDO research and

demonstration equipment will be invested in waste processing / biogas production.

3. UNCEN

4.1 Workshop no. 1 and no. 2: hydropower and biofuels/biogas, 19th of

January 2011 The skills within Papua that might establish and operate renewable resources in the province are

limited. Large resources on hydro power and bio-energy are still not used widely for the purpose of

improving the Papuan economic situation. The percentage of people living under the poverty line

within Papua declined gradually from 41.52% in 2006 to 40.78% in 2007. People under poverty line

in Papua were estimated about 793.4 thousand people, mostly (758 thousand people) residing in

rural areas.

In order to improve capability and the mind-set of government and communities in Papua on

Renewable Energy, especially on Hydro Power, Biofuel and Biogas, it is necessary to conduct a

workshop about knowledge generation and making a new opinion about new energy on sustainable

energy. It is a part of the CASINDO objectives in order to make a good correlation among University,

community and government on sustainable energy .

4.2 Participants The workshop was conducted simultaneously in two classes: one on Biofuel and biogas and one on

hydropower. The number of participants interested in biogas and biofuel was 24 and at the

hydropower Class 27 participants appeared. The lecturer at the hydropower class was Mrs Apollo

Safanpo and at the biogas/Biofuel class were Mrs Sriyanto and Mr Suwito. The participants came

from Government, NGO, University, SMK, Industry, Electrical Professional Association and media.

4.3 Program and introduced topics TIME Place

8.00 – 8.30 Registration

8.30 – 9.00 Opening La Pago Room

9.00 – 9.30 Coffee Break

9.30 - 12.00 Presentation And Discussion Hydro Power ( Lapago Room )

Biofuel Biogas ( Mapago Room )

12.00- 12.30 Lunch and break

12.30- 16.00 Presentation And Discussion Hydro Power ( Lapago Room )

Biofuel Biogas ( Mapago Room )

16.00- 16.20 Closure La Pago Room

a. Hydro Power Class; topics dealt with

a Introduction to Sustainable Energy By Mr Yosef Lefaan

b Introduction to Hydro Power Energy By Mr Apollo Safanpo

c Hydro Power Potencies On Papua By Mr Apollo Safanpo

d Hydro Power Survey Potencies And Feasibility By Mr Apollo Safanpo

e Development and Installation Of Micro hydro Power

Plant

By Mr Apollo Safanpo

f Closure By Mr Apollo Safanpo

b. Biofuel Biogas Class; topics dealt with

a Introduction to Sustainable Energy By Mr Suwito

b Introduction to Biofuel By Mr Sriyanto

c Biofuel Potencies On Papua By Mr Sriyanto

d Introduction to Biogas By Mr Suwito

e Development and Installation Of Biogas Power Plant By Mr Suwito

f Closure By Mr Suwito

4.4. Conclusions and follow-up 1. Papuan Province is facing an energy crisis and needs to improve skills and capacity on

renewable energy, especially hydropower and biogas/Biofuel.

2. Steps should be taken to analyse the hydropower and biofuels/biogas potential at Papua by

cooperation between university, industry and government.

3. To structure cooperation between international organizations and universities in order to

develop more knowledge in these fields.

4.5 Workshop no. 3: hydropower valorisation, 10th of May 2011 The workshop was started with a first session led by Dr. J. van Kasteren, with focus on renewable

energy followed by a group discussion concerning the question of valorisation of knowhow and

research. The afternoon session focussed on hydropower technology on which dr. van Berkel gave

two presentations.

4.6 Participants The total group of around 30 participants comprised representatives from (amongst others)

Local government (DINAS) amongst them mining and meteorology

The electricity company PLN (Governmental Electricity Company)

Cenderawashi University

4.7 Course of the workshop (morning session) Questions about cooperation between stakeholders, the concerns about the topic and what can be

done to solve this have been discussed.

This resulted in 5 group discussions and a plenary discussion with the following outcome:

1. At present there is no cooperation between stakeholders. However, cooperation is seen as

necessary between government, university, company and society (people)

2. the most important objection heard is that there is no money to do something and that

Papua is a remote area where the infrastructure is poor in many aspects with special focus

on poor human resources and lack of maintenance infrastructure. The lack of

communication with stakeholders is often mentioned as a bottleneck for successful

implementation of projects. Finally there have been too many discussions and workshop

about valorisation without any real result concerning implementation.

3. Possible solutions mentioned:

a. Carry out more research on renewable energy

b. More money for implementing research results

c. Improve communication with stakeholders

d. Carry out feasibility studies based on peoples need

e. Analyse existing (geo) data for exploration of new possibilities for renewable energy

4. One initiative was recorded concerning the sharing and analysis of data on rain fall. The

“Dinas for Meteorology and Climatology” showed it willing to set up a technical team

consisting of government and university to make data available in order to support initiatives

for hydro power projects.

4.8 Recommendations 1. Pursue and stimulate the initiative about geodata analysis.

2. Invite companies, entrepreneurs are missing during the workshop

3. Stimulate university to implement research by e.g. concrete deliverables coupled with

funding

4.9 Course of the workshop (afternoon session) In the afternoon of the Hydropower Valorisation workshop, two presentations were given for the

same audience of about 30 persons by Dr. J. Van Berkel.

His first presentation gave an example of valorisation in a comparable setting in Witbank South

Africa. The Electrical Engineering department of the Tshwane University took the initiative to explore

the possibilities for generation of hydropower at an existing dam, currently used for drinking water

storage. The Witbank dam in the Elephant river was build in the 60-ties, as was a drinking water

pumping station, to pump water from the reservoir (created by the Witbank dam) to the town of

Witbank. 4 years ago a new pumping station is built and the old pumping station abandoned.

Tshwane University proposes installing water turbines in the still existing old pumping station and to

use the benefits for research and education, and also to establish a Hydropower research centre in

the old pumping station (the white building in the picture below).

Tshwane University got into contact with the municipality (the owner) and the engineering firm

which is performing maintenance of the site. Nuffic sponsored Dutch experts (i.e. the author of this

report) to give advice regarding the feasibility of the project.

This case shows how a local university can take the initiative and together with other local

companies can start the development of a hydropower project. It is quite relevant to the Jayapura

setting as in this Indonesian case discussions generally starts with requesting for governmental

(financial) support. The example from South Africa makes clear the acting locally indeed can result in

a promising business case. The participants in the valorisation meeting got the message and

responded to it in the discussions (which will be outlined later).

The second presentation contained an overview of step that can be

taken while developing a business case i.e. a hydropower project.

By referring to J.F Kennedy’s inauguration speech “Ask not what your

country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country” the

participants were invited to act locally.

Topic addressed in the presentation are "Market pull versus Technology

Push", finding and evaluation of a market opportunities (is there really a

market for the application?) and financial models (how to earn money)

and cooperation with other stakeholders.

To start the discussion, some examples of topics are given, especially focusing on UNCEN-case, to

name:

1. Regional reconnaissance (rainfall) and site evaluation head and flow measurement)

2. Component selection (civil, turbine, generator, control)

3. Life cycle cost (maintenance and repair)

4. Guarantee of electricity quality and quantity

4.10 Topics discussed and closure In the plenary discussion these and other topics were further elaborated. Highlights of the

discussion:

TOPIC A: COSTS & BENEFITS OF ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION

Representatives from the Governmental Electricity Company outlined the Indonesian structure of

electricity tariffs. Consumers pay 700 IDR/kWh to buy electricity (1800 IDR/kWh is production costs;

difference is subsidised by National government). When electricity feeds-in electricity, PLN pays

1100 IDR per kWh.

This implicates the local community that develops a micro hydropower plant better sells the

electricity than to use it themselves and save electricity consumption. The tariff structure is

favourable for power generation and quite remarkably is not generally recognised.

TOPIC B: REGIONAL RECONNAISSANCE: RAINFALL INVESTIGATION

Representatives for the Meteorology, Geophysical and Climatology Board proposed to use rainfall

chart to pre-evaluate hydropower sites and cooperate with others to identify promisi ng sites. The

picture gives the representative (left), outlining the graph to the other participants.

Proposal to use rainfall charts to identify promising micro hydro sites.

TOPIC C: SENTANI LAKE

It was mentioned that big companies (i.e. from Japan) have looked into hydropower projects in the

region. Specifically mentioned is Sentani lake; a volcanic lake nearby Jayapura with elevated water

level and single run-off to the sea.

It is not clear why the big companies withdrew, but customary big companie s are interested only in

big projects. Later the Sentani Lake showed to be one of the most promising potential projects. This

project as yet has not been investigated by UNCEN. Representatives of the local government (DINAS,

mining department offered to send more information about the project and Sentani Lake. This is

noted as one of the actions for follow-up.

After the discussion, the workshop was closed and the ceremony of handing over the certificates

followed. The day ended with the group photos, see the picture of the Dinas Mining department

group.

5. UNRAM

5.1 Workshop 1: Use of biogas: 28th of June, 2011

This workshop was held for a full day at UNRAM in the engineering colloquium room. Invited guests

were, amongst others, Mrs. Uun Ginting from USU, Medan (biogas expert),local representative of

Gas Biru (biogas promotion platform) Mr. Umar (Hivos), Perpisanti, a lady from the local NTB bank

(expert in micro financing) and also Patrick van Schijndel, TU/e (energy expert). These guests were

speakers during the workshop. Local speakers were Karwati zawani from agriculture Faculty of

UNRAM and Mr. Yesung from Engineering Faculty of UNRAM.

Main participants were: staff of UNRAM and other institutes at Lombok, local government officials

(energy and also agriculture), interested entrepreneurs and students. About 55+ visitors have

attended this one-day workshop.

5.2 Course of the workshop Objective of this workshop was to explain basic issues like ‘what is biogas’ and “in what manner can

it be easily produced from (agricultural) organic waste”. With assistance of the Gas Biru project a

number of biogas plants have recently been built in Lombok but there is need for farmers and also

local government to understand about biogas. Also the use of gas from waste is a new idea which is

sometimes not clearly understood by inhabitants of local small communities. When explained that

fossil gas and kerosene have the same origin (gas from very old waste) people can understand that

there is no reason to be against biogas as it is a clean and almost free source of energy for cooking,

making light and even making electricity.

The representative of Gas Biru explained about his experiences in Lombok with the farming

community, and also explained about the small subsidy given to build biogas plants. Mrs. Ginting

talked about her practice in training farmers to build and operate biogas systems and the lecturer

from UNRAM explained about the local biogas research and outcomes at UNRAM. The TU/e

representative gave examples of biogas systems, discussed the potential of Indonesia and use of

biogas worldwide.

A local bank spokesperson gave an overview of several possibilities for micro-loans, as the

bottleneck for building a biogas plant is often a financial issue.

The two UNRAM lecturers discussed their research projects in making biogas from different organic

waste streams and also the use of biogas sludge as a crop fertilizer

After the lunch break all participants discussed several points that focused on following facts:

- Is there enough collaboration and efforts with/from UNRAM regarding biogas applications

- How to increase the use of biogas in Lombok

Conclusions and possibilities for follow-up

- Many participants explained that biogas is totally new for them

- The university should be more supportive, e.g. students from small villages should do their

social training on biogas in the village

- There should be more subsidies from government to support the construction of biogas

plants.

- Participants demonstrated by asking many questions and having lively discussions that they

find the topic interesting but also that many issues and obstacles remain to be overcome.

6. UMY

6.1 workshop no. 1: Launching of the energy consortium 15th of August,

2009 UMY organised an introduction workshop inviting local and national government, the former CAREPI

team and other UMY lecturers to discuss the different roles of the stakeholders and their specific

knowledge in the field of sustainable energy and to form a consortium in this field.

Around 35 participants contributed to this one-day workshop.

The following topics were dealt with:

Biogas;

Energy and sustainability;

Regional energy outlook;

Regional energy policy.

The following institutes were invited to be part of the energy consortium:

Member of regional energy forum, DI Yogyakarta;

Mining and energy department, DI Yogyakarta;

Energy associations;

House of Representatives.

6.2 Conclusion The regional energy forum was formed after this meeting.

6.3 workshop no. 2: energy efficiency and smart buildings for refugee

camps 5th of July 201 At Tuesday 5th of July this knowledge valorisation workshop was held in the lecture room of the

Faculty of Engineering of UMY, Yogyakarta. Number of participants was about 20-35 persons from

industries, Dinas, UMY and other institutes.

6.4 Course of the workshop There were several speakers from DINAS, UMY and TU/e. There was some discussion by the

participants and speakers. This focused mainly on general issues as for example “if and how there

can be collaboration between industries /SME’s and universities”. One has to bear in mind that

Yogyakarta does not have the amount of industries located in Semarang or Medan and that

Yogyakarta has many other knowledge institutes like UGM which probably already has an

established business network. The concept of stakeholder / industrial collaboration is yet in its

infancy at UMY whereas there have been more projects developed in co-operation with local small

communities and local government.

In this workshop Patrick explained the idea of helping companies using available knowledge in

university. This has already been done in a few other previous workshops, but probably with

different attendants. It is not clear if these previous workshops have led to more industrial contracts

and collaboration. This did not become clear from the presentation of UMY. What could be

understood, although the presentation was given in Bahasa Indonesia, was that the participants

were asked to stay in contact etc. In the presentation the focus was given on the approach to have a

central contact point that coordinates contacts and also that the small business and industries hav e

to pay for times spend by university staff.

In the afternoon Mark Cox gave a lecture regarding the refugee buildings which is a ve ry clear idea of

how universities can be beneficial in developing new products at the first phase. It was shown that

out of an initial problem by a farmer who was looking for a cheaper type of stable concept came a

research into flexible and cheap but comfortable buildings. Of course these buildings had to be

sufficiently suitable for farm animals like cows and pigs and this lead to comfort rules. It was realised

later that these new style buildings have were designed applying similar requirements to comfort as

buildings for human beings and the connection was made with refugee shelter buildings.

During the preparation phase of this workshop it became clear that the team of UMY is very capable

of organising workshops, however, having a clear vision of how these workshops can be used to

relate to research executed by UMY staff and/or future policy of UMY remained more difficult.

Several causes could be thought of: staff is not available or there are not yet enough industrial

contacts. We advice UMY to evaluate the workshop. From this workshop and earlier visits and

discussion it is clear that UMY focuses on rural communities rather than the industrial partners. In

future workshops it might therefore be more useful to focus on communities and to their problems

related companies and services. To evaluate the workshops several suggestions have been done to

the UMY team. One of the TU/e lecturers has written a guideline which can be used for organising

future workshops of this kind.

7. Conclusions

Each university put effort in organising these workshops, as for none of the universities this has been

a normal, daily activity. To some of the organisers it seemed almost impossible to get the right

relationships and invite and obtain sufficient participants. Nevertheless all universities managed to

do this, which is a great achievement. The level at which the universities started this process and

organised these workshops was very different between one and the other. Although at UNDIP this

had not been a very regularly organised activity before, it seemed as if it did not take that much

effort to get industry and companies interested. The organisation has been done very well and the

contact person was always assisted by a number of students. Furthermore, the topics and set-up

were discussed several times with TU/e but also amongst the UNDIP organisation. The sequence of

these workshops has been well thought over. At the beginning, during the fast-track, UNDIP did not

realise yet what would be the best topic to focus on. After this workshop the other workshops could

all be interrelated and focused on different aspects of energy efficiency as industry in Semarang was

mostly interested in this topic. As a result all workshops were visited by many people from a variety

of different industries and companies (and government, lecturers). The UNDIP team also managed

to invite interesting speakers which encouraged participants to come. It can be concluded that

UNDIP did a very thorough preparation which resulted in highly interesting workshops visited by a

large audience.

As a spin-off of these workshops students of UNDIP are doing research in regional hotels in energy

efficiency as in many hotels this can still be improved.

USU started off having difficulties in management of this project in general, but did manage to

organise an interesting workshop on use of slaughterhouse waste. Mrs. Ginting, the lecturer

involved in this, is an expert who did not have too much difficulty finding interested slaughterhouses

to participate in this. This demonstrates that one lecturer, who has a certain expertise and a network

in this field can organise this.

At UNRAM, the organisation of the workshops was postponed on purpose with reason that staff of

UNRAM would like to demonstrate their equipment to industry. As the equipment has only been

installed in March, all workshops had to be organised afterwards. At Mataram there are specific

industries located (like the tobacco industry) and small-scale entrepreneurs. UNRAM has proven

itself to be very capable of approaching local industries and interest them for research done at their

university. The research projects in which UNRAM has been working are also aimed at providing

solutions for local, practical, energy-related problems, of which the local industry can benefit. One

example is research which is UNRAM currently executing to find a suitable temperature control for

coal-briquette fuelled tobacco drying with air circulation.

UNCEN took, during the first two workshops, the opportunity of gathering people interested in the

topics of hydropower and biomass, as this type of workshops were not organised before. These

workshops were used to educate and interest local government and some companies. During the

third workshop, more in-depth information could be shared in the field of hydropower. As a result

of the workshops, UNCEN is planning to start-up several research projects on determining tidal

energy potential in the Merauke region and hydropower potential in two other regions. This

research will be set-up together with government. Furthermore, PLN and the oil palm industry are

interested to join in research as well.

At UMY the approach has been very different from this. In Yogyakarta there is less large industry

compared to Semarang or Medan. Next to this, UMY has a policy to focus on communities.

Therefore, the second workshop they held has been focussed on assisting communities. Within this

report it can be read that UMY could have thought over the topics and programming better. Some

suggestions were done to evaluate in order improve the programming and in-depth contents. Spin-

offs in the Yogyakarta region can be found in relationships with communities for research and future

small-scale energy related projects on for example bio-digestion.