Capacity Building for Quality Assurance

Perspective From Pakistan

Human Resource

Development

Research & Developm

ent

Socio-Economic Uplift

Prof. Dr. S. Sohail H. NaqviExecutive DirectorHigher Education Commission

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-110

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

37 4153 56 57 62 65 69 70 73 74

2235

4551 53 56 56 57 57 59 6059

76

98107 110

118 121 126 127 132 134

116

136

168182

192

218229

246 249258

295

Public Private

Total Total Uni + Subcampuses

Creation of Knowledge Hubs(2000 – 2011)

3

Gender-wise Enrollment in Higher Education Institutions

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07p 2007-08p 2008-09 2009-10p20

30

40

50

60

70

80

63.18 61.5657.88 58.57 59.15

53.6 53.7 56 55

36.8238.44

42.1241.43 40.85

46.4 46.3 44 45

Male Female

Pe

rce

nta

ge

Higher Education DevelopmentUniversity Grants Commission

1974Higher Education Commission

2002Estb. of Quality Assurance Division

2003National Quality Assurance Committee

2003Quality Assurance Agency (QAA)

2005International Linkages

◦ APQN, INQAAHE,AUQA (recently transformed as TEQSA), QAA-UK, Bologna Process

What is HEC Responsible for the improvement and promotion of

higher education, research and development in Pakistan

Autonomous body with the Prime Minister of Pakistan as the Controlling Authority

Mission of HEC is “ To Facilitate Institutions of Higher Learning to serve as an Engine of Socio-Economic Development of Pakistan”

Kohat University

Functions of the HEC Formulate policies, guiding principles and priorities for

higher education Institutions Submit recurring and development budgets to the

Federal Government and allocate them on performance and need basis

Support the development of linkages between Institutions and Industry

Prescribe conditions for opening and operating Higher Education Institutions in the private sector

Assure quality by carrying out accreditation of Institutions and programs UET,Lhr

Initial Key Challenges in Higher Education

Quality

• Standard of Education, Faculty & Research

Access

• Enrollment in higher education

Relevance

• Addressing the needs for Socio-Economic Development of Pakistan

Financing Growth & Change

Quality Vision To develop a quality Higher

Education System relevant to national needs and compatible to International QA Standards that enables HEIs to demonstrate excellence in teaching, learning and research.

9

Quality Assurance Programme of HEC

Sensitizing academia regarding QA

Development of Quality Assurance Criteria and Standards

Development of Processes & Capacity Building for Implementation

Monitoring and Evaluation

QA Framework for HEIs in Pakistan

Three stages: Stage-I: Developing QA Criteria &

Guidelines Stage-II: Developing Internal

Quality

Assurance (IQA) System Stage-III: Developing External

Quality

Assurance (EQA) System

Institutional Level

Stage III

Stage I

Program Level

Stage II

IQA

EQA

QA Management Structure

National Quality

Assurance Committee

Quality Assurance

Agency (QAA)

Quality Assurance

Division (QAD)

12

QAD

QAA

QAC

• Establishment of QAA &QECS (45 Established & 20 under progress)

• Int. Recognition (APQN,INQAAHE,W.B,NAAC,AUQA)

• Liaison with Higher Education Institutions

• Policy development for QA & implementation

• Self Evaluation & Capacity building of HEIs

• Plagiarism & Quality of research

• Linkages with councils = 07 . (Pharmacy Council: Federal Urdu Uni / PCATP:DCET)

• Established new councils = 04 (IT, Agriculture, Business, Teachers education)

HEC

Functional Set up for QA

QECsAccreditation

Councils

Improvement of Quality of PhD ProgramsMphil/PhD Program as per international

standardCurriculum of ProgramsMinimum standards for offer of

programsStandard classification of JournalsHEC “Approved” SupervisorPhD ScholarshipsInternational MobilityPlagiarism DetectionMonitoring

MS/PhD Flow Diagram

Journal RequirementsRegularly PublishedDiverse Editorial BoardBlind Peer Review (Incl. Foreign

Evaluation)Abstracted / Indexed

InternationallyLocal language journals with

English AbstractsReferences as per international

standards

1947 1952 1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1986 1991 1995 2000 2004 2008 20090

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

(1947-2002)

(2002-2012)

3281

3944

2002

2012

Gearing up for Value Addition (PhDs/Year)

Creating New Knowledge through Research

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

816 948 10441316

1765

2836

34253939

4963

6200

Source SCImago http://scimagojr.com/index.php

Pakistan’s Rank

Research Ranking of Pakistan

Year Overall Agriculture

Physics

Biochem/Micro-Biology

Chemical Engineering

Economics

2010

43 34 39 42 43 35

2008

45 37 42 45 50 54

2006

47 40 49 49 53 74

2004

50 44 56 58 62 63

2002

49 46 57 56 61 96

2000

54 48 59 62 63 96

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

Pakistan’s Share of World Research

IQA Initiatives

A. Quality Assurance Agency -2005

B. Quality Enhancement Cells◦Established………………..…45

Universities◦New (Public Sector)……..….25

Universities◦New (Private Sector)..………20

Universities

Quality Enhancement Cells

Activities ScoresUniversi

ty

A. QEC SECRETARIAT ESTABLISHMENT (32%)

Establishment date /notificationNotification Shared: 3Notification not shared: 0

 

QEC OfficePermanent: 4Temporary: 2

 

Director QEC Regular / Contractual: 5Additional Charge: 2

 

Deputy Director QECRegular / Contractual: 5Additional Charge: 2

 

Data Analyst /Asst. Director QECRegular / Contractual: 5Additional Charge: 2

 

Assistant QECRegular / Contractual: 5Additional Charge: 2

 

Procurement of Equipment Procured: 5Not Procured: 0

 

ScorecardActivities Scores

University

B. IMPLEMENTATION STATUS OF SA MECHANISM (48%)

Awareness seminars /meetings/ workshops at university on (SA). Target: 2 Events Biannually

2 Events: 41 Events: 2No Events: 0

 

Quarterly Progress Reports 2 QPRs: 21 QPR: 1No QPR: 0

 

Program Team Notification Notified: 2None: 0

 

PT Reports of Programs (Covering all applicable criteria and standards)

Target Achieved: 5No Report Compiled: 0

 

Assessment Team Notification Notified: 2None: 0

 

Assessment Team Reports of Programs (Includes Rubric Reports)

Target Achieved: 5No Report Compiled: 0

 

Executive Summaries compiled Target Achieved: 7No Report Compiled: 0

 

Implementation Plans Compiled Target Achieved: 7No Report Compiled: 0

 

Weaknesses rectified / Corrective Actions taken in programs Target Achieved: 7  

Feedback received on Surveys (MAX 10) from ProgramsAll Proformae: 5No Proforma Filled: 0

 

Follow up actions (of the implementation plan) by QEC If Actions Taken: 2  

ScorecardQEC Rating Criteria  Category Scores

W 85% - 100%

X 68% - 84%

Y51% - 67%

Z Up to 50%

Activities Scores University

C. EMPOWERING THE QEC (20%)

Nonvoting Membership of Statutory bodiesAvailed: 2Not Availed: 0

 

Membership of QEC Yahoo NetworkAvailed: 1Not Availed: 0

 

QEC Website / webpageFunctional with updated info: 4Functional: 2Not Functional: 0

 

Membership of international bodiesAvailed: 2Not Availed: 0

 

Participation/ Contribution in International/ National events(At least in one event each)

Total: 4Contribution in Int. events: 1Participation in Int. events: 1Contribution in National events: 1Participation in National events: 1No Participation: 0

 

Participation in HEC (QAA) organized events Participated in all: 5  

Publicizing of QEC activities through print /Electronic media

Publicized: 2Not Publicized: 0

 

Total 100 (MAX)

Programme Level QASelf Assessment Reports by

Program TeamsEvidence

◦Establishment of Programme Accrediting/Auditing Bodies (Councils) on need basis

◦Self-Assessment Reports◦Outcome◦Programme Ranking lists published by

respective Councils etc.

VC

Assessment Teams

Programme TeamsHOD/Dean

QEC (Being part of University)

Self Assessment Process

EQA ArrangementsAccreditation system:

◦Programme Accreditation through the respective accrediting councils

◦Institutional Performance Evaluation:◦ Standards development for

institutional performance evaluation.◦Process development for institutional

reviews

◦

EQA InitiativesAccreditation Councils (Prior to

Establishment of HEC)◦Engineering, Medicine, Law,

Pharmacy, Veterinary Sciences, Architects and Town Planners Veterinary Medical Council, Nursing Council

New Accreditation Councils◦Agriculture ◦Computing Education◦Business Education◦Teachers Education (NACTE)

Institutional Level QAResponsibility of HEC/QAAPromote quality at all levels of the

Institutions and the whole academic activity.

Evidence◦ Institutional Performance Evaluation

Standards◦ Processes of Institutional Performance

Evaluation◦ Outcome◦ Periodic review reports◦ Institutional Ranking Lists etc

IPES Standard 1: Mission Statement and Goals Standard 2: Planning and Evaluation Standard 3: Organization and Governance Standard 4: Integrity Standard 5: Faculty Standard 6: Students Standard 7: Institutional Resources

Standard 8: Academic Programmes and Curricula

Standard 9: Public Disclosure and Transparency

Standard 10: Assessment & Quality Assurance Standard 11: Student Support Services

Way Forward…Autonomous Status of single

operative QAA in the country like QAA of UK/ TEQSA of Australia

More EQA practices including Academic Audit, External Reviews etc

Establishment of more independent EQA/Accrediting Bodies

Internationally recognized Quality Label for QA System of HEIs in Pakistan

Strengthening each other to celebrate Quality