cap02-Sun and radiation
-
Upload
moises-morato-gueell -
Category
Documents
-
view
232 -
download
0
description
Transcript of cap02-Sun and radiation
![Page 1: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Sun, earth and radiation
![Page 2: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
R= 6.400 Km
R= 700.400 Km
150.000.000 Km
The sun and the earth
SUN EARTH
![Page 3: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
R= 6.400 Km
R= 700.400 Km
EARTH
![Page 4: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
R= 700.400 Km
EARTH
![Page 5: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
R= 6.400 Km
R= 700.400 Km
![Page 6: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
0,53º (2D) 0,00027 Sr (3D)
22.995 “suns” / hemisphere
The sky can be filled by near 23.000 suns.
![Page 7: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Solar radiation.
![Page 8: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
R= 6.400 Km
R= 700.400 Km
The power of sun:
1.400 W/m2 of power at 150 milions of Km
570.000.000 ton de H2 a 560.000.000 ton de He per second =
400.000.000.000.000.000.000 de MW
![Page 9: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Absolut radiation of the estratosferic radiation in the earth:
1. 4 0 0 W / m2 o f p o w e r
![Page 10: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
The movement of earth around the sun.
![Page 11: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Inclination of axis of rotation
N
S
1 rev. at day
Source: M. Morató.
E W
![Page 12: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Inclination of axis of rotation
N
S 23,45º E c l i p t i c p l a n e
1 rev. at day
Source: M. Morató.
I n c l i n a t i o n o f a x i s :
Constant = 23,45º
E
W
![Page 13: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
1 revolution every 365’25 days
1 revolution every day
The seasons
day/night
Image: M. Morató.
E c l i p t i c p l a n e
![Page 14: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Declination
N
S
+ 23,45º
E c l i p t i c
p l a n e
Source: M. Morató.
N
S - 23,45º
S u m m e r W i n t e r
![Page 15: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Declination
Source: M. Morató.
+ 23,45 º
- 23,45 º
0 º 0 º
+ 23,45 º
![Page 16: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
The seasons
Source: M. Morató.
summer (north hemispheri) winter (north hemispheri)
![Page 17: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
The seasons
Position in summer (north hemispheri) at 12:00 at noon
Source: M. Morató.
![Page 18: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
The seasons
Position in summer (north hemispheri) 12:00 midnight
Source: M. Morató.
![Page 19: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
The seasons
Position in winter (north hemispheri) in the 12:00 at noon
Source: M. Morató.
![Page 20: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
The seasons
Position in winter (north hemispheri) at 12:00 midnight
Source: M. Morató.
![Page 21: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Which is the movement of the Sun from the Earth ?
Source: M. Morató.
![Page 22: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: M. Morató.
The Cercasol tool (findsun)
The movement of the Sun from the earth
![Page 23: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: M. Morató.
ex: How to follow the sun in BCN ?
![Page 24: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: M. Morató.
1.- Put the axis in direction North
![Page 25: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: M. Morató.
2.- Inclinate the axis = latitude of place = 41º
![Page 26: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: M. Morató.
3.- Incline the arrow = declination of the day
N= day of year (N =1 of January)
![Page 27: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Soltice of summer (21 June)
Source: M. Morató.
Equinox spring and autumn (21 March/ 22 September)
Soltice of winter (21 december)
declination (+ 23,45º) declination (0º) declination (- 23,45º)
The 3 special positions of the year
![Page 28: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: M. Morató.
4.- Rotate (left rotation): 1 revolution at day.
![Page 29: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: M. Morató.
South
Polar
latitude
1 turn at day
summer
winter
spring-autumn
![Page 30: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: M. Morató.
declination (- 23,45º)
South
West
Est
North
12:00 solar (Noon) Ex: Track on solstice of
winter (41 º lat North)
![Page 31: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: M. Morató.
declination (0º)
12:00 solar (Noon) Ex: Track on equinocces (41º
Lat North)
South West
Est North
![Page 32: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: M. Morató.
12:00 solar (Noon)
Ex: Track on solstice of summer (41 º lat North)
South West
Est
North
![Page 33: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: M. Morató.
Ex: Position of the “Cercasol” at 23 of December in others places on the earth
N
S
N
S
N
S
N
S S
![Page 34: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
The nature of the radiation on earth
Source: M. Morató.
![Page 35: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Radiation Power
Source: M. Morató.
Radiation Energy
W / m2 kWh / m2 units
mean Instantaneous energy
captured energy in a interval of time
Power (W/m2)
Time (s) t1 t2
X (W/m2) Z (kWh/m2)
t2
Meaning of power and energy radiation
Power at time t2 is Energy captured between time t1
and t2 is
![Page 36: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató Architecture and solar energy
1. 4 0 0 W / m2 o f p o w e r
Image: Google earth.
Sun, earth and radiation
The nature of the radiation on earth
![Page 37: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
λ (µm)
visible IR UV
S h o r t w a v e
Distribution of the solar radiation spectrum:
0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0
Intensity
0,4 0,7
1. 4 0 0 W / m2 o f s o l a r p o w e r
![Page 38: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Stratospheric radiation and Radiation at level of the sea in a clear day
1. 4 0 0 W / m2 o f p o w e r
Image: Google earth.
9 0 0 W / m2 o f p o w e r
1.400 W/m2
900 W/m2
4% 48% 48%
2% 40% 58%
![Page 39: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: www.oksolar.com.
![Page 40: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: www.oksolar.com.
Average daily radiation on the earth: 170 W/m2/day = 4 kWh/m2/day
7,2 kWh/m2
4,8 kWh/m2
2,5 kWh/m2
4,4 kWh/m2
3,9 kWh/m2
< 2 kWh/m2
![Page 41: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: NASA.
0
4
8
0
4
8
0
4
8
0
4
8
0
4
8
0
4
8
0
4
8
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Theoretical distribution of monthly radiation by latitude (kWh/m2/day)
+ 90º
+ 60º
+ 30º
+ 0º
- 30º
- 60º
- 90º
+ 90º
+ 60º
+ 30º
+ 0º
- 30º
- 60º
- 90º
![Page 42: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: NASA.
Direct and diffuse radiation
![Page 43: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: Traimar
Direct and diffuse radiation
Source of diffuse radiation
Source of reflected radiation
Source of direct radiation (sun)
![Page 44: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: Traimar
Global radiation
Direct rad.
Diffuse rad.
Reflected rad.
+
+
=
![Page 45: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: Traimar
Global radiation
Direct rad.
Diffuse rad. +
Reflected rad.
+
Usually reflected radiation is lower than direct and diffuse radiation then …
=
![Page 46: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: Google.
In the atmosphere appears the diffuse radiation
Diffuse radiation
![Page 47: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: Google
Diffuse radiation appears by interaction of direct radiation against atmosphere molecules
Direct and diffuse radiation
![Page 48: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Direct and diffuse radiation in a homogeneous clouded sky
100 %
Source: Moisès Morato. www.cercasol.com
![Page 49: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Direct and diffuse radiation (W/m2) in homogeneous clouded skies
100 % 80 % 60 %
40 % 20 %
A B C
D E
Source: Moisès Morato. www.cercasol.com
![Page 50: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A (100 %) B (80 %) C (60 %) D (40 %) E (20 %)
Irrad
iatio
n (k
Wh/
m2/d
ay)
Source: M. Morató. www.cercasol.com.
Evolution of direct and diffuse radiation (kWh/m2/day) in homogeneous clouded skies
![Page 51: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: UAB (Universitat de Física)
Real graphs of direct and difusse radiation
A fully clear day (june 2006 BCN)
![Page 52: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Real graphs of direct and difusse radiation
clear day cloudy day Source: UAB (Universitat de Física)
![Page 53: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: M. Morató.
Intensity of diffuse radiation in sky can be higher o lower than the sky without clouds.
Diffuse radiation
![Page 54: cap02-Sun and radiation](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020210/568c4aa61a28ab491699090b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Architecture and solar energy Energy and environment
by Moisès Morató
Source: M. Morató.
Intensity of diffuse radiation in sky can be higher o lower than the sky without clouds.
Diffuse radiation