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Transcript of CANMET Energy Technology Centre - Varennes Ressources naturelles Canada Natural Resources Canada...
CANMET Energy Technology Centre - Varennes
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Operating an Intelligent Building
Meli Stylianou
Intelligent and Integrated Buildings ConferenceToronto, Ontario, Dec. 2-3, 2002
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Outline
Building operation and Kyoto
Intelligence ?
How can intelligence help in operating buildings?
Do we have everything we need to intelligently operate buildings?
Is building operation such a big deal?
Intelligent building operation
Conclusions
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Building operation and Kyoto
Commercial sector 430,000 commercial and institutional buildings and
thousands more being built each year.
13% of secondary energy (1,015 PJ)
12.5% of GHG emissions (54 Mt eq. CO2)
Ineffective Operation 15%-30% energy waste
How can intelligent buildings improve operation?
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Intelligence ?
“The ability to learn or understand or to deal with new or trying situations: REASON;” Webster’s dictionary
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How can intelligence help in building operation?
Continuously optimize operations
Modulate set points to respond to changing requirements
Continuous commissioning
Detect and diagnose faults
Air handling units, chillers, boilers…
Schedule maintenance
Scheduled need it or not
Analyze cost/benefit then schedule
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Do we have everything we need to intelligently operate buildings?
Today’s systems:
Have limited or no learning/reasoning capabilities
Depend on operators – who more often than not lack the expertise and/or time to ensure optimal operation
Are reactive – symptoms force action: complaints of indoor environment/ high energy costs/high maintenance costs
Technology is available
Buildings are already monitored as never before
Computational capabilities of today’s systems can do much more than they are asked to
Artificial intelligence techniques are no longer at the experimental stage and in fact are used in many industries
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Is building operation such a big deal…?
Two identical buildings
EESB
ETB –Low-E windows; T-8 lighting system; energy efficient HVAC system; LED exit lights
Complaints skyrocketed
ETB – 32% more energy consumed
Correction of problems: manual setting; simultaneous heating and cooling
Result:comfort related complaints dropped; energy consumption reduced
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But how can this be true…?
18°C
14°C
24°C
11°C
13°C
15°C
15°C
13°C
Space maintained at
23°C
(Modified from:Diagnostics and Commissioning, Karl Stum, PECI)
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Can intelligence be used in today’s control systems?
Diagnostic Agent for Building Operators (DABO)D
iag
no
stic A
ge
nt fo
r B
uild
ing
Op
era
tors
Database
BEMS
DDE/ODBC/OCX
DD
E/O
DB
C/O
CX
Building EnergyAgent
Fault Detection &Diagnostic Agent
CommissioningAgent
Existing Control System
Artificial Intelligence Tools
Condition-BasedMaintenance
Agent
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Fault detection and diagnosis applications
CETC-Varennes, Qc
Delta Controls, Surrey, BCCFF, Laval, Qc
Dorval Airport, Montreal, Qc
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VAV Box Report Screen
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…but does it work? Percentage of faults detect by month
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
May 2001 June 2001 February 2002 March 2002 April 2002 May 2002 June 2002 July 2002 August 2002 September2002
Month
%
Works properly Fault 1 (Air flow set point is unstable)
Fault 2 (Air flow set point is not attemp) Fault 3 (Air flow controler is unstable)
Fault 4 (Temperature set point is not attemp)
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Intelligent building operation
Sensing
Wireless sensing can reduce the life cycle cost of monitoring building systems
Interoperability
Facilitate the development of tools linking the operation and maintenance requirements of building systems
Computational capabilities
Enable the optimisation and timely detection of faulty operation and limit impact on energy costs and occupant well being
Artificial intelligence techniques
Leverage the hardware capabilities of building control systems and provide the information necessary to optimise the operation of the building
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Conclusions
Barrier: Building owner and operator awareness
The market pull is not there …yet
Data is available
Hardware is available
Intelligence is vital in operating buildings
Reduce operating costs
Improve indoor environmental conditions – proactively not reactively
Improve occupant satisfaction and productivity
Elimination of occupant complaints… not a dream…