A Case of Ocular Histiocytosis in a Bernese Mountain dog

David W Gardiner DVM MS DACVP

HISTORY

SIGNALMENT

• 3 yr old F Bernese Mtn Dog • West Virginia

HISTOPATHOLOGY-LOW MAG

HISTOPATHOLOGY-EPISCLERAL REGION

HISTOPATHOLOGY-ANGIOCENTRICITY

HISTOPATHOLOGY-TRANSCLERAL INFILTRATION

HISTOPATHOLOGY-INTRAOCULAR REGION

HISTOCHEMICAL STAINS

NOTHING FOUND

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY-CD3

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY-CD79a

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY-CD18

MORPHOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS

•  OS: Ocular histiocytosis •  Likely manifestation of systemic histiocytosis •  Felt that cellular pleomorphism was not

sufficient to indicate histiocytic sarcoma •  Dog never returned to clinic after

exenteration—lost to follow up

OCULAR INVOLVEMENT IN HISTIOCYTIC PROLIFERATIVE DIEASES

•  Canine cutaneous histiocytoma •  Canine reactive cutaneous and systemic histiocytosis

•  Cutaneous—many breads •  Systemic: Bernese Mtn Dogs, Rottweilers, Golden

Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, Irish Wolfhounds •  Canine histiocytic sarcoma

•  Localized •  Disseminated (malignant histiocytosis) •  Bernese Mtn Dogs, Rottweilers, Flat Coated

Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, Labs

CANINE CUTANEOUS HISTIOCYTOMA

•  OCULAR INVOLVEMENT? •  YES

• Eyelid, rarely conjunctiva •  Veterinary Ocular Pathology a comparative review (CH 7 pg

150) 38 cases •  Vet Med Small Anim Clin. 1975 Mar;70(3):305 Histiocytoma of

the eyelid of a dog Gelatt KN.

•  Does the cornea have Langerhans cells? • YES (at least in humans)

•  J Leukoc Biol. 2003 Aug;74(2):172-8. Corneal immunity is mediated by heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells.

•  Has anyone ever seen a corneal histiocytoma?

CANINE REACTIVE CUTANEOUS AND SYSTEMIC HISTIOCYTOSIS

•  Ocular involvement? •  Yes for systemic histiocytosis •  Veterinary Ocular Pathology a comparative review

• Orbital: 7 cases (Ch 6) • Eyelids and conjunctiva: 18 cases (Ch 7) • Uvea: 19 cases (Ch 9)

•  Vet Pathol. 1984 Nov;21(6):554-63. Systemic histiocytosis of Bernese mountain dogs • 1/6 dogs (only 4 necropsied; sclera, conjunctiva, retroorbital fat)

•  J Small Anim Pract 1995 36, 233-236. Systemic Histiocytosis in the Bernese mountain dog • 5/6 dogs had ocular disease

•  J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1992 Oct 15;201(8):1229-32. Ocular manifestation of systemic histiocytosis in a dog. • Intra and extra ocular involvement

CANINE HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA

•  Ocular involvement? •  Localized: not reported •  Disseminated: yes

• Veterinary Ocular Pathology a comparative review •  54 cases (Ch 9) (no Bernese mtn dogs)

• Vet Pathol. 1986 Jan;23(1):1-10. Malignant histiocytosis of Bernese mountain dogs.

•  1/13 dogs (only 11 necropsied) • JAVMA Vol 188 (9) 1041-1045.1986. Malignant histiocytosis in Bernese Mountain Dogs

•  1/11 dogs • Vet Pathol. 2002 Jan;39(1):74-83. Localized and disseminated histiocytic sarcoma of dendritic cell origin in dogs.

•  0/19 cases of localized histiocytic sarcoma •  0/20 cases of disseminated histiocytic sarcoma

CONCLUSIONS

•  Immunohistochemistry is helpful in making the diagnosis (CD18 positive, negative for other markers)

•  Vet Ophthalmol. 2007 May-Jun;10(3):179-85.Canine ocular histiocytic sarcoma. Naranjo C, Dubielzig RR, Friedrichs KR.

•  Bernese Mountain Dogs •  Ocular involvement frequent in systemic histiocytosis •  Ocular involvement rare in disseminated histiocytic

sarcoma?

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

•  Dr Jamie Bush •  Dr David Getzy

QUESTIONS?