Cancer Patient Survival - Ministry of Health NZ · Contents Introduction 4 Cancer survival 4...
Transcript of Cancer Patient Survival - Ministry of Health NZ · Contents Introduction 4 Cancer survival 4...
Cancer Patient SurvivalCovering the Period
1994 to 2003
New Zealand Health Information Service – 2006
MINISTRY OF
HEALTHMANATU HAUORA¯
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publication without prior notification, provided that all the following conditions are met: the informa-
tion must not be used for commercial gain and must not be distorted or changed, and NZHIS must
be acknowledged as the source.
Disclaimer
The purpose of this publication is to inform discussion and assist in future policy development. The
opinions expressed in the publication do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Ministry of
Health.
The Ministry of Health gives no indemnity as to the correctness of the information or data supplied.
The Ministry of Health shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising directly or indirectly from the
supply of this publication.
Acknowledgements
Many people have assisted in the production of this publication. In particular, the assistance of internal
and external peer reviewers is appreciated.
Other publications from NZHIS
This publication is one of a series of eight publications produced by NZHIS for the year to 30 June
2006. The eight publications are:
• Cancer: New Registrations and Deaths 2002
• Mortality and Demographic Data 2002 and 2003
• Selected Morbidity Data for Publicly Funded Hospitals 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2003
• Selected Privately Funded Morbidity Data 2002
• Mental Health: Service Use in New Zealand 2003
• Report on Maternity: Maternal and Newborn Information 2003
• Fetal and Infant Deaths 2002
• Cancer Patient Survival Covering the Period 1994 to 2003
© 2006 Ministry of Health, PO Box 5013, Wellington, New Zealand
ISBN: 0-478-30012-3 (Book)
ISBN: 0-478-30013-1 (Web)
This document is available on the Ministry of Health’s web site:
http://www.moh.govt.nz
and the web site of the New Zealand Health Information Service:
http://www.nzhis.govt.nz
Contents
Introduction 4Cancer survival 4Methods 5Interpretation 6
Site-specific cancer survival data 7Five-year survival: summary 11
All cancers summary 14
Cancer of the head, neck and larynx 16
Cancer of the oesophagus 18
Cancer of the stomach 20
Cancer of the colorectum and anus 22
Cancer of the liver and intrahepatic bile ducts 24
Cancer of the pancreas 26
Cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung 28
Malignant melanoma of the skin 30
Cancer of the female breast 32
Cancer of the cervix uteri 34
Cancer of the corpus uteri 36
Cancer of the ovary 38
Cancer of the prostate 40
Cancer of the testis 42
Cancer of the bladder 44
Cancer of the kidney, ureter and urethra 46
Cancer of the brain 48
Cancer of the thyroid gland 50
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 52
Leukaemia – all forms 54
Appendix 56Definition of terms 56Data used in this report 56
References 58
4 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Introduction
Time since Patients alive Patients Patients Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative diagnosis at the start died withdrawn observed expected relative survival survival survival
1 year 13,643 9724 0 0.287 0.962 0.299
2 years 3919 1730 335 0.155 0.923 0.168
3 years 1854 466 213 0.114 0.883 0.129
4 years 1175 204 150 0.092 0.844 0.110
5 years 821 87 135 0.082 0.805 0.102
In this case, patients were alive at the start of the fifth year of follow-up. The cumulative observed survival figure of . indicates that . percent of patients with this cancer survived for five years. The cumulative expected survival for the general
The length of time that a person diagnosed with cancer survives is one of the most important indicators of the effect of cancer on society. It is of great interest to cancer patients, and is a valuable way of measuring the success of cancer treatments.
The cancer registration data analysed in this report is from the years to . This period
follows the introduction of the Cancer Registry Act , which resulted in more complete reporting of the incidence of cancer in New Zealand.
The measurement of cancer survival rates requires at least five years of comparable data. This data must include new cancer cases and the outcomes of those cases, which will be either survival or death.
CANCER SURVIVAL
In this report, cancer survival is calculated by comparing the number of people who died with a particular type of cancer over a five-year period with the number of people in the general population who would have been expected to die over the same period. The survival is given as a ratio of the observed survival rate experienced by cancer patients to the expected survival rate of a group of people from the general population who are of age and sex (1, 2). This is an indication of how many extra deaths are due to cancer, and is known as the relative survival ratio. It is a number typically between 0 and 1, where 0 would indicate that no one survived and 1 would indicate that patients with this cancer experience mortality rates no higher than those in a comparable group from the general population. Note that estimates of the relative survival ratio
greater than 1 are possible and indicate that the observed survival of the cancer patients is better than that expected from the general population.
There are two ways of presenting this ratio. The first is known as a cumulative relative survival ratio, and the second is known as the interval-specific relative survival ratio.
Cumulative relative survival is a measure of patient survival corrected for the effect of other independent causes of death. It represents the proportion of patients alive after a certain number of years of follow-up where all excess mortality experienced by the patients is attributed to the cancer.
For example, the table below represents the cumulative relative survival ratios for cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung:
population is . percent. Hence the cumulative relative survival ratio is . / . = ..
With interval-specific relative survival ratios, however, the ratios are calculated separately for each of the five years. Thus the figures given here are for
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 5
survival in each year of follow-up. By following progress in this way it is possible to see how the probability of survival varies over time.
For example, the table below presents the interval-specific relative survival ratios for cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung. In this case, the interval-specific figure of . indicates that . percent of
Interval- Interval- Interval- Time since Patients alive Patients Patients specific specific specific diagnosis at the start died withdrawn observed expected relative survival survival survival
1 year 13,643 9724 0 0.287 0.962 0.299
2 years 3919 1730 335 0.539 0.966 0.558
3 years 1854 466 213 0.733 0.964 0.760
4 years 1175 204 150 0.815 0.966 0.844
5 years 821 87 135 0.885 0.965 0.917
METHODS
Cancer data was obtained from the New Zealand Cancer Registry (3) and death data from the Mortality Data Collection (4) both of which are databases administered by the New Zealand Health Information Service of the Ministry of Health. The data was processed using the SURV3 program developed at the Finnish Cancer Registry (5).
Relative survival is derived from data on observed and expected survival. Expected survival is calculated from life tables for the total New Zealand resident population produced by Statistics New Zealand (6). These tables include information on the probability of death and the life expectancy for both sexes and by single year of life.
Relative survival is calculated by dividing the observed survival by the expected survival. The information is presented as graphs showing the relative survival over time and as tables giving the relative survival across age groups, ethnicity and the extent of disease at diagnosis. Where present, confidence intervals of the estimated relative survival are calculated by using the Eurocare methods (7). The percent confidence limits are presented in order to provide an indication of the level of statistical uncertainty in the estimated five-year relative survival ratios.
A further analysis breaks the survival figures down by sex, by ethnic group and by the extent of the disease at the time of registration.
The ethnicity of each patient is the ethnicity recorded at the time of registration of the cancer. The ethnic data in this publication is based on prioritised self-identified ethnicity, where individuals select up to three ethnic groups that they feel they belong to. This data is then prioritised so that any person who selects Maori as one of their three ethnicities will be recorded with a Maori ethnicity. The ethnicity recorded on the Cancer Registry is taken from hospital discharge information, the National Health Index (NHI) and the mortality collection.
The extent of the disease is recorded according to the information that is available at registration into several broad categories: localised (the tumour is confined to the organ of origin), regional (metastases to regional lymph nodes), distant (metastases to distant lymph nodes), and not known (the information is not sufficient or the primary site is unknown). The extent is determined using all diagnostic and therapeutic evidence available and may be modified within three months of diagnosis if more information comes to hand.
patients who had survived to the end of the fourth year also survived to the end of the fifth year. The expected survival for the general population is . percent. Dividing the figure of . by . produces the interval-specific relative survival ratio of . for patients in the fifth year of follow-up.
6 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
INTERPRETATION
The sites of cancer for which survival data was calculated are:
• head, neck and larynx• oesophagus• stomach• colorectum and anus• liver and intrahepatic bile ducts• pancreas• trachea, bronchus and lung• malignant melanoma of the skin• female breast• cervix uteri• corpus uteri• ovary• prostate• testis• bladder• kidney, ureter and urethra• brain• thyroid gland• non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma• leukaemia – all forms.
These sites provide a sufficient number of cases for meaningful analysis. The number of cases ranged from for cancer of the testis to , for cancer of the prostate. The estimates for all cancers combined are also presented, but it should be noted that these will vary over time because of changes in the mix of sites.
It should also be noted that when the results are analysed by sex, age and ethnicity, numbers within some of these groups may be very low. Where this is the case, the survival ratios for those categories should be treated with caution and should not be relied on for predictions, as a change in only one
death would make a large difference to the survival ratio.
For example, a number of cancers, such as cancer of the prostate, are diseases of older people. Because the Maori population has a younger age structure than the non-Maori population, the number of Maori with these cancers will be comparatively small.
Similarly, with some cancers the number of patients surviving to the fourth or fifth year is low, and therefore these ratios have to be treated with care.
Registrations with unspecified ethnicity are in-cluded in the non-Maori category in the compari-son of Maori versus non-Maori, so caution should be used when interpreting such comparisons.
There is difference between the extent, which refers to the degree to which the cancer has advanced, and the clinical stage, which describes the progression of cancer from the original site to other organs and parts of the body. Care should also be used in interpreting analyses that use the extent to which the cancer had already spread when it was diagnosed, as this was sometimes not recorded. The percentage of cases where information on the extent of disease was not available ranged from . percent for melanoma to . percent for cancer of the bladder. The cases that lack this information (. percent overall) have not been presented.
Additional analyses need to be done to determine differences between patient groups such as ethnic and socio-economic inequalities. This could include the use of life tables for specific ethnic or social classes, or of age-standardised and stage-standardised relative survival rates, to provide further insights (8).
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 7
Site-specific cancer survival data
Table 1: Cumulative relative survival ratios — all-sites summary by sex and ethnicity, 1994 to 2003
Males FemalesSite Survival
Total Maori Non-Maori Total Maori Non-Maori
Head, neck and larynx 1 year 0.781 0.787 0.780 0.803 0.893 0.795 5 years 0.558 0.465 0.566 0.597 0.530 0.603
Oesophagus 1 year 0.290 0.144 0.302 0.310 0.249 0.313 5 years 0.111 0.023 0.118 0.136 0.239 0.132
Stomach 1 year 0.392 0.343 0.399 0.378 0.352 0.383 5 years 0.196 0.177 0.199 0.196 0.194 0.197
Colorectum and anus 1 year 0.778 0.666 0.782 0.776 0.724 0.777 5 years 0.588 0.385 0.596 0.615 0.445 0.620
Liver and intrahepatic 1 year 0.239 0.220 0.246 0.234 0.227 0.235bile ducts 5 years 0.111 0.071 0.124 0.127 0.157 0.124
Pancreas 1 year 0.168 0.153 0.170 0.143 0.139 0.143 5 years 0.060 0.102 0.056 0.048 0.073 0.046
Trachea, bronchus and lung 1 year 0.287 0.243 0.292 0.317 0.287 0.324 5 years 0.095 0.044 0.103 0.111 0.065 0.121
Malignant melanoma of skin 1 year 0.970 0.933 0.971 0.982 0.951 0.982 5 years 0.892 0.814 0.892 0.943 0.915 0.943
Breast (female) 1 year - - - 0.952 0.935 0.954 5 years - - - 0.817 0.714 0.827
Cervix uteri 1 year - - - 0.877 0.811 0.954 5 years - - - 0.724 0.630 0.827
Corpus uteri 1 year - - - 0.872 0.806 0.880 5 years - - - 0.754 0.608 0.771
Ovary 1 year - - - 0.704 0.746 0.700 5 years - - - 0.463 0.581 0.451
Prostate 1 year 0.938 0.869 0.940 - - - 5 years 0.855 0.650 0.863 - - -
Testes 1 year 0.979 0.954 0.985 - - - 5 years 0.954 0.901 0.967 - - -
Bladder 1 year 0.868 0.860 0.868 0.788 0.626 0.794 5 years 0.749 0.648 0.751 0.661 0.437 0.670
Kidney, ureter and urethra 1 year 0.700 0.655 0.703 0.703 0.729 0.702 5 years 0.571 0.427 0.582 0.558 0.478 0.563
Cumulative relative survival ratio and interval-specific relative survival ratio for each cancer site are provided in the following sections. A summary of the cumulative relative survival ratios for all sites is
provided in Table , and a summary of the interval-specific relative survival ratios for all sites is provided in Table .
8 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Brain 1 year 0.364 0.375 0.363 0.313 0.344 0.312 5 years 0.187 0.178 0.187 0.174 0.260 0.168
Thyroid 1 year 0.911 0.923 0.910 0.944 0.937 0.946 5 years 0.874 0.708 0.892 0.938 0.951 0.935
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 1 year 0.722 0.672 0.724 0.702 0.630 0.707 5 years 0.540 0.455 0.545 0.538 0.466 0.543
Leukaemia - all forms 1 year 0.681 0.724 0.678 0.668 0.664 0.668 5 years 0.483 0.411 0.489 0.495 0.392 0.502
Table 1 (continued): Cumulative relative survival ratios — all-sites summary by sex and ethnicity, 1994 to 2003
Males FemalesSite Survival
Total Maori Non-Maori Total Maori Non-Maori
Males FemalesSite Survival
Total Maori Non-Maori Total Maori Non-Maori
Head, neck and larynx 1st year 0.781 0.787 0.780 0.803 0.893 0.795 2nd year 0.846 0.833 0.847 0.888 0.891 0.887 3rd year 0.912 0.869 0.916 0.934 0.909 0.936 4th year 0.945 0.938 0.945 0.940 0.884 0.947 5th year 0.963 0.870 0.970 0.931 0.822 0.941
Oesophagus 1st year 0.290 0.144 0.302 0.310 0.249 0.313 2nd year 0.641 0.436 0.648 0.616 0.854 0.606 3rd year 0.714 0.336 0.721 0.809 1.005 0.799 4th year 0.792 1.005 0.790 0.863 1.007 0.855 5th year 0.983 1.005 0.983 0.944 1.007 0.938
Stomach 1st year 0.392 0.343 0.399 0.378 0.352 0.383 2nd year 0.704 0.760 0.697 0.739 0.779 0.732 3rd year 0.838 0.830 0.839 0.834 0.861 0.830 4th year 0.891 0.832 0.899 0.851 0.796 0.861 5th year 0.913 0.975 0.906 0.942 1.010 0.930
Colorectum and anus 1st year 0.778 0.666 0.782 0.776 0.724 0.777 2nd year 0.890 0.828 0.892 0.892 0.853 0.893 3rd year 0.925 0.826 0.928 0.935 0.825 0.937 4th year 0.947 0.869 0.949 0.959 0.913 0.960 5th year 0.965 0.951 0.965 0.980 0.946 0.981
Liver and intrahepatic 1st year 0.239 0.220 0.246 0.234 0.227 0.235bile ducts 2nd year 0.705 0.628 0.728 0.639 0.795 0.619 3rd year 0.732 0.652 0.750 0.861 0.829 0.865 4th year 0.897 0.894 0.898 0.952 1.018 0.945 5th year 0.950 0.850 0.967 0.977 1.031 0.971
Table 2: Interval-specific relative survival ratios — all-sites summary by sex and ethnicity, 1994 to 2003
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 9
Pancreas 1st year 0.168 0.153 0.170 0.143 0.139 0.143
2nd year 0.506 0.679 0.492 0.480 0.648 0.465
3rd year 0.765 0.901 0.749 0.765 0.890 0.748
4th year 0.884 1.014 0.865 0.924 0.856 0.935
5th year 0.977 1.011 0.972 0.915 1.004 0.906
Trachea, bronchus and lung 1st year 0.287 0.243 0.292 0.317 0.287 0.324
2nd year 0.546 0.441 0.558 0.576 0.456 0.599
3rd year 0.755 0.570 0.771 0.766 0.711 0.774
4th year 0.838 0.866 0.836 0.853 0.801 0.859
5th year 0.929 0.820 0.937 0.901 0.872 0.904
Malignant melanoma of skin 1st year 0.970 0.933 0.971 0.982 0.951 0.982
2nd year 0.973 0.917 0.974 0.988 0.968 0.988
3rd year 0.978 0.892 0.979 0.987 0.991 0.987
4th year 0.976 1.019 0.976 0.986 0.986 0.986
5th year 0.985 1.021 0.985 0.996 1.008 0.996
Breast (female) 1st year – – – 0.952 0.935 0.954
2nd year – – – 0.953 0.920 0.956
3rd year – – – 0.956 0.931 0.959
4th year – – – 0.967 0.945 0.969
5th year – – – 0.967 0.940 0.969
Cervix uteri 1st year – – – 0.877 0.811 0.892
2nd year – – – 0.914 0.881 0.921
3rd year – – – 0.954 0.957 0.953
4th year – – – 0.969 0.953 0.972
5th year – – – 0.965 0.962 0.965
Corpus uteri 1st year – – – 0.872 0.806 0.880
2nd year – – – 0.943 0.922 0.945
3rd year – – – 0.953 0.926 0.955 4th year – – – 0.972 0.958 0.974
5th year – – – 0.976 0.910 0.983
Ovary 1st year – – – 0.704 0.746 0.700
2nd year – – – 0.817 0.890 0.810
3rd year – – – 0.882 0.927 0.877
4th year – – – 0.923 0.972 0.918
5th year – – – 0.952 0.962 0.950
Prostate 1st year 0.938 0.869 0.940 – – –
2nd year 0.965 0.912 0.967 – – –
3rd year 0.973 0.948 0.973 – – –
4th year 0.976 0.928 0.977 – – –
5th year 0.976 0.925 0.978 – – –
Males FemalesSite Survival
Total Maori Non-Maori Total Maori Non-Maori
Table 2 (continued): Interval-specific relative survival ratios — all-sites summary by sex and ethnicity, 1994 to 2003
10 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Testes 1st year 0.979 0.954 0.985 – – –
2nd year 0.987 0.977 0.989 – – –
3rd year 0.995 0.990 0.996 – – –
4th year 0.993 0.988 0.994 – – –
5th year 0.999 0.985 1.002 – – –
Bladder 1st year 0.868 0.860 0.868 0.788 0.626 0.794
2nd year 0.928 0.902 0.929 0.908 0.818 0.910
3rd year 0.957 0.914 0.958 0.950 1.020 0.949
4th year 0.979 0.971 0.979 0.971 0.893 0.974
5th year 0.974 0.923 0.975 0.966 0.937 0.967
Kidney, ureter and urethra 1st year 0.700 0.655 0.703 0.703 0.729 0.702
2nd year 0.905 0.851 0.908 0.904 0.894 0.905
3rd year 0.943 0.901 0.946 0.932 0.834 0.939
4th year 0.959 0.864 0.964 0.962 0.921 0.964
5th year 0.977 0.981 0.976 0.947 0.948 0.947
Brain 1st year 0.364 0.375 0.363 0.313 0.344 0.312
2nd year 0.642 0.517 0.648 0.693 0.726 0.691
3rd year 0.866 0.877 0.865 0.902 1.002 0.894
4th year 0.923 1.003 0.919 0.878 1.002 0.866
5th year 0.925 1.003 0.920 0.940 1.002 0.932
Thyroid 1st year 0.911 0.923 0.910 0.944 0.937 0.946
2nd year 0.994 0.941 1.000 0.986 0.996 0.985
3rd year 0.974 0.920 0.980 0.994 1.005 0.992
4th year 1.012 1.009 1.012 1.001 1.004 1.001
5th year 0.971 0.867 0.981 1.000 1.004 0.999
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 1st year 0.722 0.672 0.724 0.702 0.630 0.707
2nd year 0.877 0.832 0.880 0.887 0.949 0.883
3rd year 0.909 0.888 0.911 0.937 0.858 0.942
4th year 0.942 0.925 0.943 0.935 0.967 0.933
5th year 0.960 0.979 0.959 0.951 0.919 0.953
Leukaemia (all forms) 1st year 0.681 0.724 0.678 0.668 0.664 0.668
2nd year 0.886 0.832 0.890 0.893 0.848 0.896
3rd year 0.901 0.905 0.900 0.936 0.935 0.936
4th year 0.919 0.843 0.925 0.920 0.874 0.924
5th year 0.929 0.872 0.933 0.939 0.839 0.945
Males FemalesSite Survival
Total Maori Non-Maori Total Maori Non-Maori
Table 2 (continued): Interval-specific relative survival ratios — all-sites summary by sex and ethnicity, 1994 to 2003
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 11
FIVE-YEAR SURVIVAL: SUMMARY
Figure 1: Five-year survival, by type of cancer
Figure compares the five-year relative survival for the types of cancer detailed in this report. The
overall relative survival ratio for all cancers is ..
Relative survivalratio
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Live
r an
d in
trah
epat
ic b
ile d
ucts
(C22
)
Panc
rea
(C25
)
Trac
hea,
bro
nchu
s an
d lu
ng (C
33–C
34)
Oes
opha
gus
(C15
)
Brai
n (C
71)
Stom
ach
(C16
)
Ova
ry (C
56)
Leuk
aem
ia –
all
form
s (C
91–C
95)
Non
-Hod
gkin
’s ly
mph
oma
(C82
–C85
, C96
)
Kid
ney,
ure
ter
and
uret
hra
(C64
–C66
, C68
)
Hea
d, n
eck
and
lary
nx (C
00–C
14, C
32)
Col
orec
tum
and
anu
s (C
18–C
21)
All
can
cers
(C00
–C96
)
Cer
vix
uter
i (C
53)
Blad
der
(C67
)
Cor
pus
uter
i (C
54)
Brea
st (f
emal
e) (C
50)
Pros
tate
(C61
)
Mal
igna
nt m
elan
oma
of s
kin
(C43
)
Thyr
oid
glan
d (C
73)
Test
es (C
62)
12 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer site Cumulative relative Lower confidence limit Upper confidence limit survival ratio
Head, neck and larynx 0.570 0.545 0.594
Oesophagus 0.119 0.101 0.140
Stomach 0.196 0.179 0.213
Colorectum and anus 0.602 0.593 0.611
Liver and intrahepatic bile ducts 0.117 0.096 0.141
Pancreas 0.054 0.044 0.065
Trachea, bronchus and lung 0.102 0.096 0.108
Malignant melanoma of skin 0.918 0.909 0.926
Breast (female) 0.817 0.809 0.825
Cervix uteri 0.724 0.699 0.747
Corpus uteri 0.754 0.731 0.777
Ovary 0.463 0.440 0.487
Prostate 0.855 0.845 0.865
Testes 0.954 0.937 0.968
Bladder 0.725 0.705 0.745
Kidney, ureter and urethra 0.566 0.543 0.589
Brain 0.182 0.163 0.203
Thyroid gland 0.921 0.898 0.942
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 0.539 0.520 0.557
All leukaemias 0.488 0.468 0.509
All cancers 0.605 0.602 0.609
Table 3: Cumulative relative survival ratios — confidence intervals for all sites
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 13
Age-standardised Cancer site cumulative relative Lower confidence limit Upper confidence limit survival ratio
Head, neck and larynx 0.552 0.531 0.573
Oesophagus 0.138 0.132 0.145
Stomach 0.197 0.190 0.203
Colorectum and anus 0.602 0.594 0.610
Liver and intrahepatic bile ducts 0.103 0.097 0.109
Pancreas 0.066 0.064 0.068
Trachea, bronchus and lung 0.109 0.108 0.111
Malignant melanoma of skin 0.900 0.886 0.915
Breast (female) 0.803 0.791 0.814
Cervix uteri 0.551 0.526 0.577
Corpus uteri 0.728 0.700 0.757
Ovary 0.374 0.360 0.389
Prostate 0.842 0.831 0.853
Testes 0.873 0.823 0.923
Bladder 0.739 0.718 0.759
Kidney, ureter and urethra 0.551 0.531 0.570
Brain 0.099 0.095 0.103
Thyroid gland 0.829 0.784 0.875
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 0.508 0.493 0.522
All leukaemias 0.480 0.466 0.494
All cancers 0.589 0.586 0.592
Table 4: Age-standardised* cumulative relative survival ratios — confidence intervals for all sites
* The ratios in this table have been age-standardised to the New Zealand cancer incidence population 1994–2003.
14 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.549 0.670 0.615 0.738 0.758 0.748 0.727 0.751 0.739
2 years 0.451 0.579 0.522 0.674 0.696 0.684 0.661 0.687 0.673
3 years 0.401 0.534 0.475 0.642 0.664 0.653 0.627 0.654 0.640
4 years 0.374 0.506 0.448 0.621 0.644 0.632 0.606 0.633 0.619
5 years 0.352 0.480 0.424 0.608 0.631 0.619 0.592 0.619 0.605
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age, sex and ethnicity
All cancers summary (ICD codes C00–C96)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Maori population Non-Maori population Total population Age group
Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
15–44 682 1257 1939 4548 7835 12,383 5230 9092 14,322 45–54 630 1249 1879 6449 9721 16,170 7079 10,970 18,049
55–64 1241 1311 2552 14,468 12,344 26,812 15,709 13,655 29,364
65–74 1286 1004 2290 25,199 14,898 40,097 26,485 15,902 42,387
75+ 523 435 958 23,123 19,322 42,445 23,646 19,757 43,403
Total 4362 5256 9618 73,787 64,120 137,907 78,149 69,376 147,525
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 15
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.549 0.670 0.615 0.738 0.758 0.748 0.727 0.751 0.739
2 years 0.820 0.863 0.846 0.909 0.913 0.911 0.905 0.909 0.907
3 years 0.886 0.918 0.906 0.947 0.947 0.947 0.945 0.945 0.945
4 years 0.929 0.943 0.938 0.963 0.963 0.963 0.962 0.962 0.962
5 years 0.938 0.943 0.941 0.972 0.972 0.972 0.971 0.970 0.971
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
All cancers summary (ICD codes C00–C96)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 7252 2444 1315 3311 14,322 45–54 7344 3620 2394 4691 18,049 55–64 9515 5556 4574 9719 29,364 65–74 10,477 6774 7187 17,949 42,387
75+ 8248 6007 7569 21,579 43,403
Total 42,836 24,401 23,039 57,249 147,525
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
16 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer of the head, neck and larynx (ICD codes C00–C14, C32)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Maori population Non-Maori population Total population Age group
Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
15–44 26 18 44 127 74 201 153 92 245
45–54 45 12 57 257 102 359 302 114 416
55–64 47 14 61 452 132 584 499 146 645
65–74 28 14 42 561 181 742 589 195 784
75+ 6 3 9 378 242 620 384 245 629
Total 152 61 213 1775 731 2506 1927 792 2719
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.787 0.893 0.817 0.780 0.795 0.784 0.781 0.803 0.787
2 years 0.656 0.796 0.696 0.663 0.709 0.677 0.663 0.716 0.678
3 years 0.570 0.725 0.615 0.611 0.668 0.627 0.608 0.673 0.627
4 years 0.535 0.642 0.565 0.580 0.637 0.597 0.577 0.637 0.594
5 years 0.465 0.530 0.483 0.566 0.603 0.577 0.558 0.597 0.570
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age, sex and ethnicity
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 17
Cancer of the head, neck and larynx (ICD codes C00–C14, C32)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 61 83 15 86 245
45–54 72 156 32 156 416
55–64 121 208 32 284 645
65–74 148 218 48 370 784
75+ 124 158 32 315 629
Total 526 823 159 1211 2719
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.787 0.893 0.817 0.780 0.795 0.784 0.781 0.803 0.787
2 years 0.833 0.891 0.851 0.847 0.887 0.859 0.846 0.888 0.858
3 years 0.869 0.909 0.883 0.916 0.936 0.922 0.912 0.934 0.919
4 years 0.938 0.884 0.917 0.945 0.947 0.946 0.945 0.940 0.943
5 years 0.870 0.822 0.853 0.970 0.941 0.961 0.963 0.931 0.953
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups Note: As shown in the graph at bottom right, for cases diagnosed with distant metastases, the interval-specific relative survival ratio exceeded 1.0 for the interval from 4 to 5 years. This result is based on small numbers and should be interpreted with caution.
18 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer of the oesophagus (ICD code C15)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Maori population Non-Maori population Total population Age group
Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
15–44 3 3 6 22 7 29 25 10 35
45–54 14 5 19 81 25 106 95 30 125
55–64 25 7 32 207 65 272 232 72 304
65–74 29 7 36 393 151 544 422 158 5800
75+ 15 7 22 392 357 749 407 364 771
Total 86 29 115 1095 605 1700 1181 634 1815
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.144 0.249 0.170 0.302 0.313 0.306 0.290 0.310 0.297
2 years 0.064 0.218 0.103 0.198 0.193 0.196 0.188 0.194 0.190
3 years 0.022 0.225 0.076 0.146 0.158 0.150 0.137 0.161 0.145
4 years 0.023 0.232 0.079 0.117 0.138 0.125 0.110 0.142 0.121
5 years 0.023 0.239 0.081 0.118 0.132 0.123 0.111 0.136 0.119
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age, sex and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
Note: The cumulative relative survival ratios for Maori were based on small numbers and should be interpreted with caution.
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 19
Cancer of the oesophagus (ICD code C15)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 2 6 14 13 35
45–54 7 33 28 57 125
55–64 32 56 74 142 304
65–74 47 91 121 321 580
75+ 50 41 94 586 771
Total 138 227 331 1119 1815
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.144 0.249 0.170 0.302 0.313 0.306 0.290 0.310 0.297
2 years 0.436 0.854 0.597 0.648 0.606 0.633 0.641 0.616 0.632
3 years 0.336 1.005 0.719 0.721 0.799 0.748 0.714 0.809 0.747
4 years 1.005 1.007 1.006 0.790 0.855 0.814 0.792 0.863 0.819
5 years 1.005 1.007 1.007 0.983 0.938 0.965 0.983 0.944 0.967
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
Note: In a large percentage of cases there was no stated extent; these cases have been excluded.
20 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer of the stomach (ICD code C16)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Maori population Non-Maori population Total population Age group
Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
15–44 50 44 94 70 46 116 120 90 210
45–54 53 35 88 151 90 241 204 125 329
55–64 68 33 101 336 116 452 404 149 553
65–74 59 65 124 613 277 890 672 342 1014
75+ 26 25 51 699 544 1243 725 569 1294
Total 256 202 458 1869 1073 2942 2125 1275 3400
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.343 0.352 0.347 0.399 0.383 0.393 0.392 0.378 0.387
2 years 0.262 0.274 0.267 0.282 0.284 0.283 0.279 0.282 0.280
3 years 0.218 0.237 0.226 0.239 0.240 0.239 0.236 0.239 0.237
4 years 0.182 0.190 0.185 0.217 0.209 0.214 0.212 0.206 0.210
5 years 0.177 0.194 0.185 0.199 0.197 0.198 0.196 0.196 0.196
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age, sex and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 21
Cancer of the stomach (ICD code C16)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 22 66 84 38 210
45–54 50 114 96 69 329
55–64 71 192 164 126 553
65–74 157 303 266 288 1014
75+ 123 261 257 653 1294
Total 423 936 867 1174 3400
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.343 0.352 0.347 0.399 0.383 0.393 0.392 0.378 0.387
2 years 0.760 0.779 0.769 0.697 0.732 0.709 0.704 0.739 0.717
3 years 0.830 0.861 0.844 0.839 0.830 0.835 0.838 0.834 0.836
4 years 0.832 0.796 0.815 0.899 0.861 0.885 0.891 0.851 0.876
5 years 0.975 1.010 0.991 0.906 0.930 0.914 0.913 0.942 0.924
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
22 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer of the colorectum and anus (ICD codes C18–C21)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Maori population Non-Maori population Total population Age group
Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
15–44 24 44 68 304 326 630 328 370 698
45–54 57 57 114 938 872 1810 995 929 1924
55–64 126 87 213 2394 2053 4447 2520 2140 4660
65–74 120 67 187 3887 3070 6957 4007 3137 7144
75+ 49 42 91 3249 4267 7516 3298 4309 7607
Total 376 297 673 10,772 10,588 21,360 11,148 10,885 22,033
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.666 0.724 0.692 0.782 0.777 0.779 0.778 0.776 0.777
2 years 0.553 0.618 0.582 0.698 0.697 0.697 0.693 0.694 0.694
3 years 0.459 0.511 0.482 0.649 0.655 0.652 0.642 0.651 0.647
4 years 0.401 0.468 0.431 0.617 0.631 0.624 0.609 0.626 0.618
5 years 0.385 0.445 0.412 0.596 0.620 0.608 0.588 0.615 0.602
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age, sex and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 23
Cancer of the colorectum and anus (ICD codes C18–C21)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 155 318 159 66 698
45–54 519 782 423 200 1924
55–64 1251 2163 883 363 4660
65–74 2051 3145 1350 598 7144
75+ 2078 3158 1240 1131 7607
Total 6054 9566 4055 2358 22,033
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.666 0.724 0.692 0.782 0.777 0.779 0.778 0.776 0.777
2 years 0.828 0.853 0.840 0.892 0.893 0.892 0.890 0.892 0.891
3 years 0.826 0.825 0.826 0.928 0.937 0.933 0.925 0.935 0.930
4 years 0.869 0.913 0.890 0.949 0.960 0.955 0.947 0.959 0.953
5 years 0.951 0.946 0.949 0.965 0.981 0.973 0.965 0.980 0.973
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
24 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer of the liver and intrahepatic bile ducts (ICD code C22)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Maori population Non-Maori population Total population Age group
Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
15–44 25 8 33 50 18 68 75 26 101
45–54 56 12 68 81 21 102 137 33 170
55–64 70 15 85 136 63 199 206 78 284
65–74 37 10 47 174 111 285 211 121 332
75+ 6 4 10 146 132 278 152 136 288
Total 194 49 243 587 345 932 781 394 1175
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.220 0.227 0.221 0.246 0.235 0.242 0.239 0.234 0.237
2 years 0.139 0.182 0.147 0.180 0.147 0.168 0.170 0.151 0.163
3 years 0.091 0.151 0.103 0.137 0.130 0.134 0.126 0.132 0.128
4 years 0.083 0.154 0.096 0.126 0.125 0.126 0.115 0.129 0.119
5 years 0.071 0.157 0.087 0.124 0.124 0.124 0.111 0.127 0.117
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age, sex and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Note: Cumulative relative survival ratios for Maori were based on small numbers and should be interpreted with caution.
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 25
Cancer of the liver and intrahepatic bile ducts (ICD code C22)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 10 5 22 64 101
45–54 18 6 39 107 170
55–64 26 12 55 191 284
65–74 28 13 73 218 332
75+ 13 7 53 215 288
Total 95 43 242 795 1175
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.220 0.227 0.221 0.246 0.235 0.242 0.239 0.234 0.237
2 years 0.628 0.795 0.662 0.728 0.619 0.688 0.705 0.639 0.683
3 years 0.652 0.829 0.695 0.750 0.865 0.788 0.732 0.861 0.773
4 years 0.894 1.018 0.925 0.898 0.945 0.914 0.897 0.952 0.915
5 years 0.850 1.031 0.892 0.967 0.971 0.968 0.950 0.977 0.958
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Note: Because of the high mortality in the first 12-month interval after diagnosis, the interval-specific relative survival ratios for cancer of the liver and intrahepatic bile ducts should be interpreted with caution.
In a large percentage of cases there was no stated extent; these cases have been excluded.
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
26 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer of the pancreas (ICD code C25)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Maori population Non-Maori population Total population Age group
Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
15–44 9 10 19 44 20 64 53 30 83
45–54 19 19 38 98 73 171 117 92 209
55–64 33 25 58 235 175 410 268 200 468
65–74 33 32 65 404 368 772 437 400 837
75+ 13 17 30 436 621 1057 449 638 1087
Total 107 103 210 1217 1257 2474 1324 1360 2684
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.153 0.139 0.146 0.170 0.143 0.156 0.168 0.143 0.155
2 years 0.105 0.091 0.098 0.084 0.068 0.076 0.086 0.070 0.078
3 years 0.096 0.082 0.089 0.064 0.052 0.058 0.067 0.054 0.060
4 years 0.099 0.071 0.085 0.056 0.049 0.053 0.060 0.051 0.056
5 years 0.102 0.073 0.087 0.056 0.046 0.051 0.060 0.048 0.054
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age, sex and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Note: Ratios for Maori were based on small numbers and should be interpreted with caution.
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 27
Cancer of the pancreas (ICD code C25)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 7 17 44 15 83
45–54 13 35 107 54 209
55–64 21 75 221 151 468
65–74 37 98 376 326 837
75+ 30 41 384 632 1087
Total 108 266 1132 1178 2684
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.153 0.139 0.146 0.170 0.143 0.156 0.168 0.143 0.155
2 years 0.679 0.648 0.664 0.492 0.465 0.480 0.506 0.480 0.494
3 years 0.901 0.890 0.896 0.749 0.748 0.748 0.765 0.765 0.765
4 years 1.014 0.856 0.938 0.865 0.935 0.898 0.884 0.924 0.903
5 years 1.011 1.004 1.008 0.972 0.906 0.939 0.977 0.915 0.946
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Note: Because of the high mortality in the first 12-month interval after diagnosis, the interval-specific relative survival ratios for cancer of the pancreas should be interpreted with caution.
Note: Ratios for Maori were based on small numbers and should be interpreted with caution.
28 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung (ICD codes C33–C34)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Maori population Non-Maori population Total population Age group
Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
15–44 28 39 67 98 137 235 126 176 302
45–54 140 176 316 435 370 805 575 546 1121
55–64 345 321 666 1347 882 2229 1692 1203 2895
65–74 319 290 609 2868 1538 4406 3187 1828 5015
75+ 103 105 208 2586 1516 4102 2689 1621 4310
Total 935 931 1866 7334 4443 11,777 8269 5374 13,643
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.243 0.287 0.265 0.292 0.324 0.304 0.287 0.317 0.299
2 years 0.108 0.131 0.119 0.164 0.195 0.176 0.157 0.183 0.168
3 years 0.062 0.093 0.077 0.128 0.152 0.137 0.120 0.141 0.129
4 years 0.053 0.075 0.064 0.108 0.132 0.117 0.101 0.122 0.110
5 years 0.044 0.065 0.054 0.103 0.121 0.110 0.095 0.111 0.102
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age, sex and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 29
Cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung (ICD codes C33–C34)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 32 44 124 102 302
45–54 78 184 456 403 1121
55–64 218 392 1073 1212 2895
65–74 353 538 1650 2474 5015
75+ 139 324 1217 2630 4310
Total 820 1482 4520 6821 13,643
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.243 0.287 0.265 0.292 0.324 0.304 0.287 0.317 0.299
2 years 0.441 0.456 0.449 0.558 0.599 0.574 0.546 0.576 0.558
3 years 0.570 0.711 0.645 0.771 0.774 0.772 0.755 0.766 0.760
4 years 0.866 0.801 0.830 0.836 0.859 0.846 0.838 0.853 0.844
5 years 0.820 0.872 0.845 0.937 0.904 0.923 0.929 0.901 0.917
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Note: The high mortality of patients with remote metastases in the first three years reduced the number of survivors to a point where the interval-specific relative survival ratios for the fourth and fifth years should be interpreted with caution.
In a large percentage of cases there was no stated extent; these cases have been excluded.
30 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Malignant melanoma of the skin (ICD code C43)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Maori population Non-Maori population Total population Age group
Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
15–44 15 39 54 1298 1969 3267 1313 2008 3321
45–54 9 18 27 1283 1404 2687 1292 1422 2714
55–64 3 12 15 1481 1204 2685 1484 1216 2700
65–74 12 10 22 1744 1249 2993 1756 1259 3015
75+ 6 7 13 1535 1400 2935 1541 1407 2948
Total 45 86 131 7341 7226 14,567 7386 7312 14,698
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.933 0.951 0.945 0.971 0.982 0.976 0.970 0.982 0.976
2 years 0.860 0.921 0.900 0.945 0.971 0.958 0.945 0.970 0.958
3 years 0.772 0.915 0.864 0.926 0.959 0.943 0.925 0.959 0.942
4 years 0.792 0.905 0.866 0.904 0.946 0.925 0.904 0.946 0.925
5 years 0.814 0.915 0.881 0.892 0.943 0.918 0.892 0.943 0.918
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age, sex and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
Note: Ratios for Maori were based on small numbers and should be interpreted with caution.
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 31
Malignant melanoma of the skin (ICD code C43)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 3054 89 59 119 3321
45–54 2462 85 64 103 2714
55–64 2410 119 80 91 2700
65–74 2595 183 125 112 3015
75+ 2419 302 110 117 2948
Total 12,940 778 438 542 14,698
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.933 0.951 0.945 0.971 0.982 0.976 0.970 0.982 0.976
2 years 0.917 0.968 0.950 0.974 0.988 0.981 0.973 0.988 0.981
3 years 0.892 0.991 0.956 0.979 0.987 0.983 0.978 0.987 0.983
4 years 1.019 0.986 0.998 0.976 0.986 0.981 0.976 0.986 0.981
5 years 1.021 1.008 1.013 0.985 0.996 0.991 0.985 0.996 0.991
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
32 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer of the female breast (ICD code C50)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Age group Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
15–44 445 2462 2907
45–54 490 4165 4655
55–64 385 4106 4491
65–74 213 3119 3332
75+ 84 3521 3605
Total 1617 17,373 18,990
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis
1 year 0.935 0.954 0.952
2 years 0.860 0.913 0.909
3 years 0.801 0.877 0.871
4 years 0.759 0.852 0.843
5 years 0.714 0.827 0.817
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 33
Cancer of the female breast (ICD code C50)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 1180 1253 100 374 2907
45–54 2131 1685 157 682 4655
55–64 2321 1402 159 609 4491
65–74 1628 1017 174 513 3332
75+ 1094 888 264 1359 3605
Total 8354 6245 854 3537 18,990
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis
1 year 0.935 0.954 0.952
2 years 0.920 0.956 0.953
3 years 0.931 0.959 0.956
4 years 0.945 0.969 0.967
5 years 0.940 0.969 0.967
34 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer of the cervix uteri (ICD code C53)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Age group Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
15–44 186 654 840
45–54 89 287 376
55–64 39 179 218
65–74 24 192 216
75+ 8 149 157
Total 346 1461 1807
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis
1 year 0.811 0.954 0.877
2 years 0.715 0.913 0.803
3 years 0.685 0.877 0.768
4 years 0.654 0.852 0.747
5 years 0.630 0.827 0.724
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 35
Cancer of the cervix uteri (ICD code C53)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 545 94 28 173 840
45–54 158 49 31 138 376
55–64 77 37 19 85 218
65–74 42 21 29 124 216
75+ 10 9 15 123 157
Total 832 210 122 643 1807
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis
1 year 0.811 0.892 0.877
2 years 0.881 0.921 0.914
3 years 0.957 0.953 0.954
4 years 0.953 0.972 0.969
5 years 0.962 0.965 0.965
36 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer of the corpus uteri (ICD code C54–C55)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Age group Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
15–44 38 118 156
45–54 75 344 419
55–64 79 666 745
65–74 46 634 680
75+ 18 507 525
Total 256 2269 2525
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis
1 year 0.806 0.880 0.872
2 years 0.745 0.833 0.824
3 years 0.692 0.799 0.788
4 years 0.665 0.782 0.769
5 years 0.608 0.771 0.754
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 37
Cancer of the corpus uteri (ICD code C54–C55)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 88 25 12 31 156
45–54 254 67 41 57 419
55–64 470 112 81 82 745
65–74 427 95 68 90 680
75+ 249 83 58 135 525
Total 1488 382 260 395 2525
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Note: Because of the relatively high mortality of patients with remote metastases in the first two years after diagnosis, the interval-specific relative survival ratios for this group should be interpreted with caution.
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis
1 year 0.806 0.880 0.872
2 years 0.922 0.945 0.943
3 years 0.926 0.955 0.953
4 years 0.958 0.974 0.972
5 years 0.910 0.983 0.976
38 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer of the ovary (ICD code C56)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Age group Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
15–44 80 371 451
45–54 55 432 487
55–64 49 491 540
65–74 19 499 518
75+ 9 552 561
Total 212 2345 2557
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis
1 year 0.746 0.700 0.704
2 years 0.665 0.572 0.580
3 years 0.617 0.507 0.517
4 years 0.602 0.470 0.482
5 years 0.581 0.451 0.463
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 39
Cancer of the ovary (ICD code C56)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 245 26 144 36 451
45–54 182 40 225 40 487
55–64 160 40 311 29 540
65–74 107 48 335 28 518
75+ 92 41 342 86 561
Total 786 195 1357 219 2557
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
1 year 0.746 0.700 0.704
2 years 0.890 0.810 0.817
3 years 0.927 0.877 0.882
4 years 0.972 0.918 0.923
5 years 0.962 0.950 0.952
40 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer of the prostate (ICD code C61)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Age group Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
15–44 3 44 47
45–54 31 894 925
55–64 235 4435 4670
65–74 384 9031 9415
75+ 170 7777 7947
Total 823 22,181 23,004
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis
1 year 0.869 0.940 0.938
2 years 0.795 0.913 0.908
3 years 0.755 0.892 0.887
4 years 0.702 0.877 0.871
5 years 0.650 0.863 0.855
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 41
Cancer of the prostate (ICD code C61)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 17 2 4 24 47
45–54 251 69 20 585 925
55–64 1094 353 148 3075 4670
65–74 1380 433 516 7086 9415
75+ 529 140 804 6474 7947
Total 3271 997 1492 17244 23,004
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis
1 year 0.869 0.940 0.938
2 years 0.912 0.967 0.965
3 years 0.948 0.973 0.973
4 years 0.928 0.977 0.976
5 years 0.925 0.978 0.976
Note: In a large percentage of cases there was no stated extent; these cases have been excluded.
42 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer of the testis (ICD code C62)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Age group Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
15–44 213 743 956
45–54 9 129 138
55–64 3 44 47
65–74 1 16 17
75+ 1 4 5
Total 227 936 1163
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis
1 year 0.954 0.985 0.979
2 years 0.933 0.975 0.966
3 years 0.924 0.971 0.962
4 years 0.913 0.965 0.955
5 years 0.901 0.967 0.954
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 43
Cancer of the testis (ICD code C62)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 667 129 85 75 956
45–54 104 13 7 14 138
55–64 32 6 6 3 47
65–74 8 3 3 3 17
75+ 3 0 2 0 5
Total 814 151 103 95 1163
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis
1 year 0.954 0.985 0.979
2 years 0.977 0.989 0.987
3 years 0.990 0.996 0.995
4 years 0.988 0.994 0.993
5 years 0.985 1.002 0.999
44 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer of the bladder (ICD code C67)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Maori population Non-Maori population Total population Age group
Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
15–44 13 7 20 101 44 145 114 51 165
45–54 13 12 25 236 87 323 249 99 348
55–64 12 7 19 594 172 766 606 179 785
65–74 20 4 24 1206 338 1544 1226 342 1568
75+ 15 14 29 1426 637 2063 1441 651 2092
Total 73 44 117 3563 1278 4841 3636 1322 4958
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.860 0.626 0.771 0.868 0.794 0.849 0.868 0.788 0.847
2 years 0.779 0.513 0.678 0.809 0.728 0.787 0.808 0.720 0.785
3 years 0.716 0.524 0.642 0.778 0.696 0.756 0.777 0.690 0.753
4 years 0.700 0.466 0.610 0.766 0.685 0.744 0.764 0.677 0.740
5 years 0.648 0.437 0.567 0.751 0.670 0.729 0.749 0.661 0.725
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age, sex and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Note: The cumulative relative survival ratios for Maori were based on small numbers and should be interpreted with caution.
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 45
Cancer of the bladder (ICD code C67)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 30 11 5 119 165
45–54 66 24 7 251 348
55–64 112 53 35 585 785
65–74 197 104 42 1225 1568
75+ 203 117 90 1682 2092
Total 608 309 179 3862 4958
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.860 0.626 0.771 0.868 0.794 0.849 0.868 0.788 0.847
2 years 0.902 0.818 0.876 0.929 0.910 0.924 0.928 0.908 0.923
3 years 0.914 1.020 0.944 0.958 0.949 0.955 0.957 0.950 0.955
4 years 0.971 0.893 0.948 0.979 0.974 0.978 0.979 0.971 0.977
5 years 0.923 0.937 0.927 0.975 0.967 0.973 0.974 0.966 0.972
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
Note: Patients diagnosed with distant metastases experienced the highest mortality in the first year after diagnosis; the interval-specific relative survival ratios for this group are therefore based on small numbers and should be interpreted with caution.
In a large percentage of cases there was no stated extent; these cases have been excluded.
46 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer of the kidney, ureter & urethra (ICD codes C64–C66, C68)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Maori population Non-Maori population Total population Age group
Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
15–44 25 17 42 104 88 192 129 105 234
45–54 33 16 49 260 145 405 293 161 454
55–64 33 15 48 376 205 581 409 220 629
65–74 28 14 42 559 308 867 587 322 909
75+ 5 3 8 488 347 835 493 350 843
Total 124 65 189 1787 1093 2880 1911 1158 3069
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.655 0.729 0.680 0.703 0.702 0.702 0.700 0.703 0.701
2 years 0.558 0.654 0.591 0.642 0.639 0.641 0.637 0.640 0.638
3 years 0.503 0.546 0.518 0.611 0.604 0.609 0.604 0.601 0.603
4 years 0.436 0.504 0.459 0.593 0.589 0.592 0.582 0.584 0.583
5 years 0.427 0.478 0.445 0.582 0.563 0.575 0.571 0.558 0.566
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age, sex and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 47
Cancer of the kidney, ureter & urethra (ICD codes C64–C66, C68)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 130 30 53 21 234
45–54 248 65 91 50 454
55–64 318 96 149 66 629
65–74 397 152 212 148 909
75+ 252 117 203 271 843
Total 1345 460 708 556 3069
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.655 0.729 0.680 0.703 0.702 0.702 0.700 0.703 0.701
2 years 0.851 0.894 0.867 0.908 0.905 0.907 0.905 0.904 0.904
3 years 0.901 0.834 0.875 0.946 0.939 0.943 0.943 0.932 0.939
4 years 0.864 0.921 0.884 0.964 0.964 0.964 0.959 0.962 0.960
5 years 0.981 0.948 0.969 0.976 0.947 0.965 0.977 0.947 0.965
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
48 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer of the brain (ICD code C71)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Maori population Non-Maori population Total population Age group
Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
15–44 18 16 34 237 150 387 255 166 421
45–54 12 9 21 203 103 306 215 112 327
55–64 15 10 25 224 146 370 239 156 395
65–74 8 5 13 234 175 409 242 180 422
75+ 1 4 5 175 194 369 176 198 374
Total 54 44 98 1073 768 1841 1127 812 1939
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.375 0.344 0.361 0.363 0.312 0.342 0.364 0.313 0.343
2 years 0.195 0.252 0.221 0.240 0.219 0.231 0.237 0.221 0.230
3 years 0.173 0.254 0.211 0.212 0.200 0.206 0.210 0.203 0.207
4 years 0.176 0.257 0.214 0.199 0.176 0.190 0.198 0.182 0.191
5 years 0.178 0.260 0.217 0.187 0.168 0.179 0.187 0.174 0.182
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age, sex and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 49
Cancer of the brain (ICD code C71)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 371 3 6 41 421
45–54 306 2 2 17 327
55–64 350 2 5 38 395
65–74 355 2 3 62 422
75+ 272 0 4 98 374
Total 1654 9 20 256 1939
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.375 0.344 0.361 0.363 0.312 0.342 0.364 0.313 0.343
2 years 0.517 0.726 0.609 0.648 0.691 0.664 0.642 0.693 0.661
3 years 0.877 1.002 0.945 0.865 0.894 0.877 0.866 0.902 0.880
4 years 1.003 1.002 1.003 0.919 0.866 0.898 0.923 0.878 0.905
5 years 1.003 1.002 1.003 0.920 0.932 0.925 0.925 0.940 0.931
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
Note: Because of the very small numbers of cases diagnosed with either regional or distant metastases, these results should be interpreted with caution.
50 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Cancer of the thyroid gland (ICD code C73)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Maori population Non-Maori population Total population Age group
Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
15–44 12 74 86 93 346 439 105 420 525
45–54 8 22 30 59 175 234 67 197 264
55–64 6 21 27 66 129 195 72 150 222
65–74 7 10 17 50 85 135 57 95 152
75+ 1 5 6 26 81 107 27 86 113
Total 34 132 166 294 816 1110 328 948 1276
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.923 0.937 0.934 0.910 0.946 0.936 0.911 0.944 0.936
2 years 0.868 0.935 0.921 0.912 0.934 0.928 0.907 0.934 0.927
3 years 0.801 0.940 0.913 0.895 0.929 0.920 0.886 0.930 0.919
4 years 0.812 0.945 0.919 0.908 0.933 0.927 0.899 0.935 0.926
5 years 0.708 0.951 0.905 0.892 0.935 0.924 0.874 0.938 0.921
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Cumulative relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age, sex and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 51
Cancer of the thyroid gland (ICD code C73)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Age Localised Regional Distant Not Total
group metastases metastases stated
15–44 332 127 16 50 525
45–54 165 58 15 26 264
55–64 114 67 17 24 222
65–74 81 33 19 19 152
75+ 39 24 16 34 113
Total 731 309 83 153 1276
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.923 0.937 0.934 0.910 0.946 0.936 0.911 0.944 0.936
2 years 0.941 0.996 0.985 1.000 0.985 0.989 0.994 0.986 0.988
3 years 0.920 1.005 0.989 0.980 0.992 0.989 0.974 0.994 0.989
4 years 1.009 1.004 1.005 1.012 1.001 1.004 1.012 1.001 1.004
5 years 0.867 1.004 0.981 0.981 0.999 0.994 0.971 1.000 0.993
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by extent of disease
Extent of disease at diagnosis, by age groups
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
LocalisedRegional metastasesDistant metastases
52 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (ICD codes C82–C85, C96)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Maori population Non-Maori population Total population Age group
Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
15–44 46 35 81 294 204 498 340 239 579
45–54 22 21 43 369 260 629 391 281 672
55–64 28 37 65 489 409 898 517 446 963
65–74 29 31 60 659 607 1266 688 638 1326
75+ 14 16 30 630 742 1372 644 758 1402
Total 139 140 279 2441 2222 4663 2580 2362 4942
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.672 0.630 0.651 0.724 0.707 0.716 0.722 0.702 0.712
2 years 0.559 0.600 0.579 0.642 0.629 0.636 0.637 0.627 0.632
3 years 0.497 0.517 0.507 0.590 0.598 0.593 0.584 0.593 0.588
4 years 0.461 0.503 0.482 0.562 0.563 0.562 0.556 0.559 0.558
5 years 0.455 0.466 0.460 0.545 0.543 0.544 0.540 0.538 0.539
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age, sex and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
Because non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is not a solid cancer, there is no data for the extent of disease.
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 53
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (ICD codes C82–C85, C96)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.672 0.630 0.651 0.724 0.707 0.716 0.722 0.702 0.712
2 years 0.832 0.949 0.888 0.880 0.883 0.881 0.877 0.887 0.882
3 years 0.888 0.858 0.872 0.911 0.942 0.925 0.909 0.937 0.922
4 years 0.925 0.967 0.946 0.943 0.933 0.938 0.942 0.935 0.938
5 years 0.979 0.919 0.948 0.959 0.953 0.956 0.960 0.951 0.955
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
Because non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is not a solid cancer, there is no data for the extent of disease.
Because non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is not a solid cancer, there is no data for the extent of disease.
54 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Leukaemia — all forms (ICD codes C91–C95)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003
Maori population Non-Maori population Total population Age group
Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
15–44 45 34 79 242 174 416 287 208 495
45–54 25 19 44 243 160 403 268 179 447
55–64 36 36 72 433 248 681 469 284 753
65–74 41 18 59 731 464 1195 772 482 1254
75+ 20 12 32 829 767 1596 849 779 1628
Total 167 119 286 2478 1813 4291 2645 1932 4577
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.724 0.664 0.699 0.678 0.668 0.674 0.681 0.668 0.676
2 years 0.605 0.566 0.588 0.609 0.602 0.606 0.609 0.600 0.605
3 years 0.551 0.531 0.543 0.554 0.567 0.559 0.553 0.564 0.558
4 years 0.469 0.466 0.468 0.517 0.527 0.522 0.514 0.523 0.518
5 years 0.411 0.392 0.404 0.489 0.502 0.495 0.483 0.495 0.488
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Cumulative relative survival
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by sex
Cumulative relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
Numbers of cases included in analysis, by age, sex and ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
Because leukaemia is not a solid cancer, there is no data for the extent of disease.
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 55
Leukaemia — all forms (ICD codes C91–C95)
RELATIVE SURVIVAL, 1994 to 2003 (continued)
Time since Maori population Non-Maori population Total population
diagnosis Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total
1 year 0.724 0.664 0.699 0.678 0.668 0.674 0.681 0.668 0.676
2 years 0.832 0.848 0.839 0.890 0.896 0.893 0.886 0.893 0.889
3 years 0.905 0.935 0.918 0.900 0.936 0.915 0.901 0.936 0.916
4 years 0.843 0.874 0.856 0.925 0.924 0.924 0.919 0.920 0.920
5 years 0.872 0.839 0.858 0.933 0.945 0.938 0.929 0.939 0.934
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex and ethnicity
Interval-specific relative survival
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by sex
Interval-specific relative survival ratios, by ethnicity
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaleFemale
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Relative survival
0 1 2 3 4 5
Years after diagnosis
MaoriNon-Maori
Because leukaemia is not a solid cancer, there is no data for the extent of disease.
Because leukaemia is not a solid cancer, there is no data for the extent of disease.
56 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
Appendix
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Cancer: A range of diseases in which abnormal cells proliferate and grow in an uncontrolled manner. Other terms for cancer are malignant tumours and malignant neoplasms.
Ethnicity: Ethnicity for cancer registrations is based on the concept of self-identification. The classifications that are available to patients are the same as those used in the Census. A comprehensive list of these ethnicity classifications can be found in the New Zealand Cancer Registry data dictionary, available on the NZHIS web site at: www.nzhis.govt.nz/documentation/dictionaries/nzcr-dictionary.
Extent: The extent is degree to which the cancer has advanced. It is classified into several broad categories. The extent is recorded according to the information that is available within three months of diagnosis.
ICD codes: These are codes from the Australian Version of the International Classification of Diseases, th Revision.
Incidence: New diagnoses of primary cancer during a given period. Each year there are about , new primary cancer cases diagnosed in New Zealand. It is possible for a person to have more than one primary cancer and therefore be counted in incidence statistics more than once if the cancers are in different parts of the body or are of a different type.
Mortality: The number of deaths during a given period. Every year there are about deaths in New Zealand in which cancer is recorded as the underlying cause of death.
Survival: The length of time lived after the initial diagnosis of cancer. A number of different statistical procedures can be used to derive survival figures.
DATA USED IN THIS REPORT
This report draws on cancer incidence data from the New Zealand Cancer Registry and data from the New Zealand Health Information Service Mortality Collection, with monthly updates obtained from the New Zealand Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages. The New Zealand Cancer Registry is population-based and has been in existence since . Specific legislation – the Cancer Registry Act and Cancer Registry Regulations – was introduced in , making registration of cancer cases compulsory.
The primary sources of data on cancer incidence are laboratory reports and reports of hospital inpatient discharges, supplemented with information from death certificates and autopsy reports, and by correspondence with cancer treatment providers.
Information about deaths of people registered with cancer was determined by passive follow-up.
The records of all people with cancer registered in the period – were linked with death records for the period January to June from the New Zealand Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages using New Zealand’s unique patient identification number, the National Health Index.
For the purposes of this survival analysis it was assumed that cancer patients for whom no death information was available were alive. Some cancer registrations have been excluded from the analysis, such as children under 15 years, patients whose date of registration was the same as the date of death, and all cases with an address outside New Zealand.
Summary information about the number of new registrations for each of the primary cancer sites recorded at the New Zealand Cancer Registry from July to June , and followed up to June , is given in the table on the next page.
CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003 57
ICD-10 code(s) Site Number of cases
C00–C97 All cancers 147,525
C01–C14, C32 Head and neck, larynx 2719
C15 Oesophagus 1815
C16 Stomach 3400
C18–C21 Colorectal 22,033
C22 Liver and intrahepatic bile ducts 1175
C25 Pancreas 2684
C33–C34 Lung, trachea, bronchus 13,643
C43 Melanoma 14,698
C50 Breast (female) 18,990
C53 Cervix uteri 1807
C54–C55 Corpus uteri 2525
C56 Ovary 2557
C61 Prostate 23,004
C62 Testis 1163
C67 Bladder 4958
C64–C66, C68 Kidney, ureter and urethra 3069
C71 Brain 1939
C73 Thyroid gland 1276
C82–C85, C96 Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 4942
C91–C95 Leukaemia – all forms 4577
Number of new registrations for each primary cancer site, 1994 to 2003
58 CANCER PATIENT SURVIVAL COVERING THE PERIOD 1994 TO 2003
References
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–.
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<http://www.nzhis.moh.govt.nz/collections/collections-mortality.html>
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Annals of Oncology (Suppl ): v–v.
8. Jeffreys M, Stevanovic V, Tobias M, et al. . Ethnic inequalities in cancer survival in New Zealand: linkage study. American Journal of Public Health : –.