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![Page 1: Cancer Among Native Americans in Arizona and New Mexico Data Provided by Arizona Cancer Registry at the Arizona Department of Health Services and the New.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022033104/56649e6f5503460f94b6ce31/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cancer Among Native Americans in Arizona and New Mexico
Data Provided by Arizona Cancer Registry at the
Arizona Department of Health Servicesand the
New Mexico Cancer Council
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©2012 MFMER | slide-2
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©2012 MFMER | slide-4
0
100
200
300
400
500
White, NonHispanic
White,Hispanic
Black AmericanIndian
Asian/PacificIslander
Cancer Rate by Race/Ethnicity, Arizona, 2005-2009
Male Female
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Age when Diagnosed with Cancer(Arizona Native Americans, 2005-2009)
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HIGH PREVENTION POTENTIAL
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Yearly average count of new cancers among Arizona Native Americans
Cancer Sites Male Female
Breast 1 58
Prostate 56
Colorectal 30 25
Kidney/Renal Pelvis 30 14
Corpus Uteri 27
Lung and Bronchus 11 11
Stomach 14 6
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 8 11
Other sites combined 48 33
Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct 12 6
Thyroid 4 12
Leukemia 9 7
Ovary 14
Gallbladder and Other Biliary 5 9
Pancreas 6 7
Oral Cavity 7 4
Cervix Uteri 11
Myeloma 5 5
Brain and Other Nervous System 6 4
Source: ACR, 2005-2009
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©2012 MFMER | slide-11
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CONCLUSIONS
• AIAN elders increasing proportion of the population
• Cancer screening will be an important aspect of maintaining health as people age
• Looking at the “whole person” remains the most important determinant for good care
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Introduction to Myeloma:Diagnosis, Treatment, Risk Factors
and Prevalence
Scottsdale, ArizonaScottsdale, Arizona Rochester, MinnesotaRochester, Minnesota Jacksonville, FloridaJacksonville, Florida
Alan Bryce, MDStaff Oncologist, Mayo Clinic Arizona
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Multiple Myeloma - Introduction
• Myeloma is a cancer of the Plasma Cells• They grow out of control in the bone marrow (at least
10% and as high as nearly 100%)• This results in many problems including:
• Low hemoglobin (anemia) and platelets• Elevated abnormal immunoglobulins (proteins)• Bone pain and fractures• Infections (partly due to low normal
immunoglobulins)• Kidney problems• Other complications…
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Spectrum of Myeloma
Normal plasma
cell
Asymp-tomatic
Myeloma
Aggressive Myeloma
Active Myeloma
Monoclonal gammopathy of unknownsignificance
MGUS
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How do plasma cells become “evil”?
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Multiple Myeloma – Causes?
• The cause of myeloma is still unknown
• Some have suggested:• Radiation- Nuclear Bomb Survivors• Chemicals (benzenes), herbicides and
insecticides- The “Myeloma Belt”• Genetics or even viruses
• Familial Myeloma – still rare
• However, nothing is conclusive, and it is likely a combination of many factors…
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Multiple Myeloma
• Unfortunately, MM is not a curable disease (yet!!)
• Historically most people did not live for much more than 2 years…
• However, the average survival is now at least 8 years• This has been a result of three key
developments:1. Early Detection 2. Autologous Stem Cell Transplant3. Novel Drugs (thalidomide, bortezomib,
lenalidomide)
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5.1 4.8
10.8
6.9
2.63.1
3.7
7.1
5.6
1.20
2
4
6
8
10
12
White, NonHispanic
White,Hispanic
Black AmericanIndian
Asian/PacificIslander
Race/Ethnic Group
Male
Female
Myeloma rate in Arizona among race groups, 1995-2009
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Common Symptoms
• Not all patients will have all of these symptoms
• Fatigue
• Lack of Appetite
• Infection
• Bone Pain
• Kidney Failure
• Confusion, dehydration, and constipation (high calcium)
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Myeloma Treatment
• Principles of therapy
• 1. Stop the production of the abnormal plasma cells (chemo)
• 2. Strengthen the bone and prevent fractures
• 3. Increase the hemoglobin count and reduce fatigue
• 4. Reduce risk of infections
• 5. Promote well being and quality of life
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©2012 MFMER | slide-23
Conclusions
• New Treatments for myeloma have improved survival
• Myeloma is usually preceded by many years of MGUS
• Screening and early detection can allow therapy to begin before organ damage develops
• Bone Marrow transplant and Clinical Trials should be considered when appropriate