Canadian Landforms. Types of Landforms Canada is made up of three distinct types of landforms: The...
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![Page 1: Canadian Landforms. Types of Landforms Canada is made up of three distinct types of landforms: The Canadian Shield Lowlands Highlands.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081418/56649e665503460f94b61b0a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Canadian Canadian LandformsLandforms
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Types of LandformsTypes of Landforms• Canada is made up of three distinct
types of landforms:
The Canadian Shield
• Lowlands
• Highlands
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The LowlandsThe Lowlands• There are three lowland regions
surrounding the Shield:
• The Interior Plains
• The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands
• Hudson Bay-Arctic Lowlands QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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The LowlandsThe Lowlands• An area of land that is low in relation to the
surrounding country.
• The bedrock under these lowland is formed mainly of sediments eroded from the Shield
• As rock particles collected, the weight of the upper layers compressed the lower layers into sedimentary rocks
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Interior PlainsInterior Plains• It is found in the Yukon, Northwest Territories, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba.
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The Interior PlainsThe Interior Plains• During the Paleozoic era, sediments that eroded
from the Shield and the Rocky Mountains were deposited
• Part of the sedimentary rock consisted of coral reefs
• Today, the reefs are thousands of metres below the surface of the land and contain much of the oil and gas found in Alberta and Saskatchewan
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The Interior PlainsThe Interior Plains• During the Mesozoic era, shallow seas
covered the region of Saskatchewan
• When the seas evaporated, thick layers • of mineral deposits were left behind
• Potash is mined from these layers and used as fertilizer in Canada and overseas
• The swamps on the edges of these ancient seas produced plants that were changed eventually into coal, which is mined today
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The Interior PlainsThe Interior Plains• Erosion shaped the surface of the landscape
• the Interior Plains are mainly flat, but the landscape is also composed of some rolling hills, and deep, wide river valleys
• Overall, the land slopes gently downward from west to east
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The Interior The Interior PlainsPlains
• Glaciation also shaped the landscape• Glaciers left deposits that produced rounded,
gently, rolling landscape• Glaciers melted and formed a large lake over
much of what is now southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan, but as land rose, it drained into the ocean
• Small portions of the lake remain today, known as Lake Winnipeg, Lake Manitoba,
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The Interior The Interior PlainsPlains
• The soil that developed on these sediments is deep and fertile
• Grain is grown in many parts of the Interior Plains - it is known as Canada’s “breadbasket”
• So much wheat is grown here• Cattle is raised in places where the
climate is too dry for crops
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Great Lakes - Great Lakes - St. Lawrence LowlandsSt. Lawrence Lowlands• It is the smallest region in Canada
• The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands is located at the southern regions of Ontario and Quebec. It extends from Quebec City, to Windsor, ON.
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Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands
• Sedimentary rock formed here from the Paleozoic era
• The Niagara Escarpment is best known in this region. It was formed by differential erosion (different rates of erosion cause different levels of elevation)
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Great Lakes - Great Lakes - St. Lawrence LowlandsSt. Lawrence Lowlands• In the Great Lakes portion of the
lowlands, glaciation created rolling landscapes
• While glaciers carried huge amounts of material from the Shield, flat plains with glacial hills and deep river valleys were formed
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Great Lakes - Great Lakes - St. Lawrence LowlandsSt. Lawrence Lowlands
• Glaciers gouged out The Great Lakes
• The lakes were larger then than they are now because of the enormous volume of water from the melting glaciers
• The meltwater drained into the ocean
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Great Lakes - Great Lakes - St. Lawrence LowlandsSt. Lawrence Lowlands
• The St. Lawrence Lowland was formed by a rift valley (tensional forces cause the earth’s plate to split apart. The centre block will drop down, forming steep walls)
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Great Lakes - St. Lawrence LowlandsGreat Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands
• It is well-suited to agriculture because ot its excellent soils and warm climate
• The flat land is ideal for transportation routes and development of cities
• Canada’s two largest cities, Toronto and Montréal are located here
• It is best known as Canada’s industrial and urban heartland
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Hudson Bay - Arctic LowlandsHudson Bay - Arctic Lowlands
• The waters of Hudson Bay covered much of this lowland at the end of the last Ice Age
• Has a layer of sedimentary rock
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• Flat, low area covered by swampy forest
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Hudson Bay - Hudson Bay - Arctic LowlandsArctic Lowlands
• Made up of a series of islands located in the far north
• Have gently rolling hills and low elevations• Contains a great deal of swamps with poor
drainage• Harsh climate does not permit farming - the
ground remains frozen most of the year• Oil, natural gas and lignite ( form of coal) is
deposited here
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