Canada’s Primary IndustriesCanada’s Primary Industries

Turning raw materials into finished Turning raw materials into finished products:products:

Wheat – grind into flour – use the flour to Wheat – grind into flour – use the flour to bake breadbake bread

Lumber – sawed into boards – use the Lumber – sawed into boards – use the boards to make furnitureboards to make furniture

Canada’s declining fish Canada’s declining fish populations:populations:

OverfishingOverfishing Global warming has Global warming has

forced the fish to forced the fish to move to find new food move to find new food sourcessources

New technology like New technology like echosounders for echosounders for finding fishfinding fish

Bigger nets, that Bigger nets, that catch more fishcatch more fish

AquacultureAquaculture Fish farming to Fish farming to

replace over-fished replace over-fished wild fishwild fish

Used for trout, Used for trout, salmon, oysters, salmon, oysters, clams in protected clams in protected fish ponds fish ponds

Canada’s Forest IndustryCanada’s Forest Industry

Hardwoods – deciduous, broadleaf trees Hardwoods – deciduous, broadleaf trees take a long time to growtake a long time to grow

Maple, oak, birchMaple, oak, birch Located in southern Canada – they need a Located in southern Canada – they need a

warm climatewarm climate Used to make flooring, fine furniture, skate Used to make flooring, fine furniture, skate

boards, hockey sticks, baseball bats…boards, hockey sticks, baseball bats…

SoftwoodsSoftwoods

Coniferous – evergreens tree, needles, Coniferous – evergreens tree, needles, grow quicklygrow quickly

Pine, spruce, cedarPine, spruce, cedar Located in Canada’s north (just south of Located in Canada’s north (just south of

the Arctic) – can tolerate colder weatherthe Arctic) – can tolerate colder weather Used for house frames, roofing shingles, Used for house frames, roofing shingles,

chop sticks, packing crates…chop sticks, packing crates…

Selective CuttingSelective Cutting

Choose certain trees to cutChoose certain trees to cut Advantages – young trees can grow largerAdvantages – young trees can grow larger Less soil erosionLess soil erosion More animal habitatMore animal habitat Disadvantages – expensiveDisadvantages – expensive Takes longerTakes longer More difficultMore difficult

Clear-cuttingClear-cutting

Cut all the trees in a certain areaCut all the trees in a certain area Advantages – keeps costs lowAdvantages – keeps costs low Increases profitsIncreases profits Fast and easyFast and easy Disadvantages – erosion could cause mud Disadvantages – erosion could cause mud

slidesslides Less habitat for animalsLess habitat for animals Soil could get into rivers and kill the fishSoil could get into rivers and kill the fish

Forestry EmployeesForestry Employees

Direct – 257,500 Direct – 257,500 people who work for people who work for forestry companiesforestry companies

Indirect – teachers, Indirect – teachers, doctors, mechanics, doctors, mechanics, cashiers in the town cashiers in the town where the forestry where the forestry employees liveemployees live

Canadian Farming AreasCanadian Farming Areas

Wheat – prairiesWheat – prairies Grapes – Annapolis Valley (NS), Niagara Grapes – Annapolis Valley (NS), Niagara

Peninsula, Okanagan Valley BCPeninsula, Okanagan Valley BC Potatoes – PEIPotatoes – PEI Cranberries – Muskoka, OntarioCranberries – Muskoka, Ontario Ginseng – Southwestern OntarioGinseng – Southwestern Ontario Onions – Holland MarshOnions – Holland Marsh Christmas Trees – BC, Ontario, Nova ScotiaChristmas Trees – BC, Ontario, Nova Scotia Fruit – Niagara Peninsula, Okanagan ValleyFruit – Niagara Peninsula, Okanagan Valley

Farm ChemicalsFarm Chemicals

Advantages – crops Advantages – crops grow bigger and grow bigger and fasterfaster

Disadvantages – Disadvantages – chemicals could get chemicals could get into the water supply into the water supply and affect humans and affect humans and animalsand animals

Sustainable FarmingSustainable Farming

Farming that protects Farming that protects the soil and the the soil and the environmentenvironment

Mennonites use Mennonites use horses instead of horses instead of tractorstractors

Canada’s MineralsCanada’s Minerals

Metallic – gold, nickel and iron ore in Metallic – gold, nickel and iron ore in Sudbury and YellowknifeSudbury and Yellowknife

Structural – cobalt, potash (fertilizer from Structural – cobalt, potash (fertilizer from Saskatchewan), sand and gravel from Saskatchewan), sand and gravel from OntarioOntario

Fuel – oil, natural gas, coal from AlbertaFuel – oil, natural gas, coal from Alberta