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Canada My Country

By Donna WardIllustrated by Marj Cassidy

Social Studies for Early Elementary

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Table of ConTenTs

Terms of Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Unit 1 Political Map Lesson 1 What is a Map?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Lesson 2 The Compass Rose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Lesson 3 The Map of Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Lesson 4 A Look at the Provinces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Unit 2 Physical Map Lesson 5 The Appalachians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Lesson 6 The Lowlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Lesson 7 The Canadian Shield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Lesson 8 The Arctic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Lesson 9 The Prairies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Lesson 10 The Western Mountains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Lesson 11 The Nation as a Whole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Unit 3 Symbols of Canada Lesson 12 The Maple Leaf Forever . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Lesson 13 The Canadian Flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Lesson 14 Our Coat of Arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Lesson 15 Canada’s Queen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Unit 4 Our Government Lesson 16 Government in Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Lesson 17 Voting in Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Lesson 18 The Happy Taxpayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Lesson 19 Ottawa, Our Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Unit 5 Freedoms in Canada Lesson 20 Freedoms in Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Lesson 21 Freedom of Religion and Speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Lesson 22 Freedom to Travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Lesson 23 The Canadian Armed Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Unit 6 Outstanding Canadians Lesson 24 Sir John A. Macdonald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Lesson 25 Louis Riel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Lesson 26 Sir Sandford Fleming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Lesson 27 Lucy Maud Montgomery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Lesson 28 Terry Fox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Student Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

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The arCTiC Have you ever been in an airplane? From Thunder Bay we will fly far, far up north to the land no one can reach by road. Victoria Island is a large island north of the mainland in Nunavut. On the southeast corner is a little village called Cambridge Bay, where most of the folk are Inuit. Try to find the island and village in an atlas. Watching from the window of the little plane we see the rock, forests and swamps of the Canadian Shield. We notice the trees thinning out until small clumps give way to flat tundra where there are no more trees at all. Do you know why trees are unable to grow this far north? It is because there is a layer of constantly frozen ground (called permafrost) close to the surface. The Inuit family we are staying with laughs as their children take you to explore the village. “Come home at dark,” they call. The joke is that in the summertime it never does get dark in Cambridge Bay. The Arctic land stays light day and night in mid-summer, and is dark day and night much of the winter. Even if it is still light out, its time to get some sleep. Tomorrow we’re going fishing. Perhaps we will see a polar bear, whales, or seals. The Inuit hunt and fish as a way of life. I’m sure we will learn a lot!

Cambridge Bay, Victoria Island, Nunavut

MaterialsVisuals of the Arctic Poster map of Canada

ReviewSing O CanadaMap GameLearn name of a new province Colour province on Political Map

AssignmentBucky on poster map-Victoria

IslandLook at pictures of the ArcticColour Arctic Region on Physical

MapWorksheet-Find Bucky, colour

ResourcesLloyd, Tanya. Canada. Photos. IP

Donaldson, Chelsea. Canada’s Arctic Animals. IP

Greenwood, Barbara. The Kids Book of Canada. IP

Canada Close-up Series IPEagen, Rachel. Northwest

TerritoriesGleason, Carrie. NunavutMorganelli, Adrianna. Yukon

Picture BooksBushey, Jeanne. A Sled Dog for

Moshi. IPKusugak, Michael. Baseball Bats

for Christmas. IPWaboose, Jan. Sky Sisters. IPWallace, Ian. Very Last First Time.IP

Unit 2 ( Lesson 8 )

25Canada, My Country Worksheet © 2011 Donna Ward, All rights reserved www.donnaward.net

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The

Arc

tic

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The Canadian flag

What are Canada’s colours? Do you remember? Of course you do. Our red and white is hard to miss. The flag has two red bands on either side and a red maple leaf in the middle on a white background.

The flag of any country should always be treated with respect. When flown in Canada with any other flags, the Canadian flag should be given the place of honour, always on the left or in the center of the other flags. No flag should be flown higher than the national flag. The flag of Canada should never be allowed to touch the ground for any reason. When raising the flag, it should be hoisted briskly to the top of the pole. Only one flag should be flown on each flagpole. A flag can be flown at half-mast, lowered half-way down the flag pole as a sign of mourning when an important person has died. Flags should never be flown upside down, except as a sign that help is needed in an emergency.

Unit 3 (Lesson 13)

MaterialsFlag - optional

ReviewReview names of provincesLearn name of a new province Colour province on Political Map

AssignmentComplete worksheet

ResourcesCanadian Heritage. Symbols of

Canada. IPGreenwood, Barbara. Kids Book

of Canada. IPLambert, Deborah. Flags. IPOwens, Ann-Maureen. Canada’s

Maple Leaf. LTrottier, Maxine. Our Canadian

Flag. IP

Easy Links at donnaward.net > this book > this page

38 Canada, My Country Worksheet © 2011 Donna Ward , All Rights Reserved. www.donnaward.net

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Lesson 13 - Worksheet

The proportions of the Canadian flag are always the same. No mat-ter how big or small the flag is, the shape of the rectangle never changes. Guess which of these two flags has the correct shape.

To find the answer, get a centimetre ruler. Measure the length or bottom of the flag you chose. Now measure the width, or side. It should be half of the length. The propor-tions for the Canadian flag are always 2 widths = 1 length

Put a check beside the right answer

1. In Canada, the Canadian flag should be:

flown lower than other flags.

given the place of honour.

2. The Canadian flag should:

never touch the floor.

be flown at all stores.

3. A flag flown at half-mast means:

stormy weather is coming.

someone has died.

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Canada’s CoaT of arms

Many years ago in the time of castles, kings, and knights in shining armour symbols were painted on the shields and sewn into the clothing of the knights. These symbols, as well as special colours on the plumes on the helmets, identified a warrior knight with a certain kingdom or family group. Symbols and colours were handed down in families, from father to son. They became the family’s coat of arms. Today countries have coats of arms to tell a message about who they are. In Canada the symbols on our coat of arms tells about our past. Look at a picture of Canada’s Coat of Arms. Find the shield in the center of the Coat of Arms of Canada. Up in the left top corner of the shield the three lions are symbols of England. The single lion on the right top corner is the royal lion of Scotland. Below that are the fleur-de-lis of France and the harp is a symbol of Ireland. These are the countries from which many of Canada’s first settlers came. The three maple leaves represent Canadians from other nationalities. Can you see the helmet above the shield? The plumes are coloured red and white. Why are those colours used? The phrase at the bottom is Canada’s motto “ from sea to sea.” Why do you think this is our motto? Discuss this with your teacher.

Unit 3 ( Lesson 14 )

MaterialsPicture of Canada’s Coat of Arms

ReviewMap GameLearn name of a new province Colour province on Political MapMap Game

AssignmentComplete worksheet

ResourcesCanadian Heritage. Symbols of

Canada. p. 6 IPChorzempa, Rosemary. Design

Your Own Coat of Arms. IPGreenwood, Barbara. Kids Book

of Canada. IPLambert, Deborah. Coats of

Arms. IP

Easy Links at donnaward.net > this book > this page

40 Canada, My Country Worksheet © 2011 Donna Ward , All Rights Reserved. www.donnaward.net

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Lesson 14 - Worksheet

Canada’s Coat of Arms

Think of a symbol that might represent your family, such as an animal; if you cycle together—a

bike; perhaps a boat; a bird if you like bird-watching, or any

other thing that reminds you of your family. Make your own coat of arms by drawing your chosen

symbol on the shield. You can also divide the shield into four

sections and draw four symbols.

63© 2011 Donna Ward

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Unit 6 ( Lesson 24 )

The man wiTh golden wordsSir John A. Macdonald

Young John Macdonald was very likable. He could win an argument with words quicker than fists. He always seemed to know what to say. When the neighbourhood boys began arguing about the rules of a game, it was young John who stepped quickly between them and said, “Now guys, we can talk this out.” As a young man, John became a lawyer, winning word battles in the law courts of Canada. Soon afterward he became a politician, which is someone who works as part of the government. In those days, Canada was not yet a country. The provinces were colonies of England. Men who made the laws were across the ocean in England. How could they know what was best? They were too far away. Since each colony was so small, what would stop the United States from coming in and taking over? That had been tried before! John Macdonald said, “Gentlemen of the colonies, we would be a lot stronger if we joined together. Let’s become one country!” Well, it took a lot of talking to get everyone to agree. Mr. Macdonald was a great speaker. He helped solve a lot of arguments. Hooray! Canada became a country on July 1, 1867. Everyone wanted John Macdonald to be the first Prime Minister of Canada. Queen Victoria knighted him, so that he was called Sir John A. Macdonald. During all this time, Mr. Macdonald’s family life was difficult. His first wife was very ill. Their first born son died just after his first birthday. Two years later,

A word aptly spoken is like apples of goldin settings of silver.

Holy Bible, Book of Proverbs 25:11

Many a fight has started when the wrong words were said. Just the same, the right words at the right time have stopped disagreements. The famous Canadian in our story knew how to speak appropriately at the right time. In fact, he faced huge problems and won peaceful solutions through his words.

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another son, Hugh John was born. He was healthy and grew up to be a politician in Manitoba. Thirteen years after Sir John’s marriage his beloved wife died. Right around the time of Canada’s birthday, Mr. Macdonald was married again to a tall, lovely woman. She spoke French well and was a very good hostess entertaining both French and English politicians. They had one child, Mary, who was disabled. Sir John loved Mary and spent whatever time he could with her. Sir John’s responsibilities as the prime minister of the Dominion of Canada caused him to work very hard. Many problems arose that needed solutions. In order to get British Columbia to join Canada the government promised a railway link from eastern Canada all the way to the Pacific. It cost a tremendous amount of money to cover all the miles of forest, swamp and mountains with rails for the railway. It was very difficult, but Sir John and his government finally accomplished it. Most of the time, Sir John used his ability with words to solve Canada’s problems peacefully. Canadians are still known to be people who prefer to find solutions by discussion, instead of war. The people of Canada loved Sir John. He was voted in as the Prime Minister four more times. In his last election he was 76 years old. Shortly after the election he died and the whole nation mourned his death. The greatest accomplishments of Sir John A. Macdonald were the battles he won by speaking the right words at the right moments.

ResourcesBrown, Jacqueline. Sir John A.

Macdonald, The Rascal Who Built Canada. IP

Greenwood, Barbara. Kids Book of Canada’s Prime Ministers. IP

Trottier, Maxine. Canadian Leaders. IP

Easy Links at donnaward.net > this book > p. 63

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Aair force, 60Appalachians, 18Arctic, 24army, 60

b ballot, 47barbaric, 54beaver, 35by, John, 51bytown, 51

CCambridge bay, 24Canadian Armed Forces, 49, 60Canadian Shield, 22candidate, 47Cardinal Directions, 10cereal crops, 26Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 58citizen, 45civilized, 54coat of arms, 39compass, 11compass rose, 10

Ddemocratic, 45, 47dictatorship, 45Dominion of Canada, 66Donnacona, 16

Eelection, 45equator, 10

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Fflag, 37federal, 47Fleming, Sandford, 68fleur-de-lis, 39Fox, Terry, 74freedom, 54, 58freedom of the press, 56freedom of religion, 56freedom of speech, 56

Gglobe, 10God Save the Queen, 42Governor-General, 66government, 45grain, 26Great Lakes Lowlands, 20grizzly bear, 28

Hhockey, 31House of Commons, 47

IInuit, 24

KKing’s daughters, 28Klondike, 66

L lacrosse, 31law, 47lumberjack, 18

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MMacdonald, Sir John A., 63, 66Map Game, 30maple leaf, 35member of parliament, 47, 49, 51municipal, 47Montgomery, Lucy Maud, 71Montreal, 20

Nnation, 30navy, 60Niagara, 20nickel, 22Nunavut, 24

OOttawa, 47, 51Ottawa River, 51

Ppermafrost, 24Pirate Game, 11plains, 26pledge allegiance, 41pole, 11police, 54political map, 14poppy, 60prairies, 26premier, 47prime minister, 45, 51, 63provinces, 15physical map, 17

Qqueen, 41

Rreligion, 56Remembrance Day, 60Rideau Canal, 51Rideau River, 51Rocky Mountains, 28Rogers, 67

Sshantyman, 18skating, 51St. Lawrence Lowlands, 20Sudbury, 22symbol, 33

Ttaxes, 49territories, 15

UInuit, 68Union Flag, 41Union Jack, 41United Kingdom, 41

Vvoting, 47voyageur, 22

WWestern Mountains, 28