Canada at the start of WWII
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Transcript of Canada at the start of WWII
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CANADA AT THE START OF WWII
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Canada’s Policy of Isolationism
P.M. Mackenzie King (Lib.) did not want Canada to become involved in another world conflict
Hoped Britain’s policy of appeasement towards Hitler would be successful
Didn’t want to lose support of Quebec over conscription
Debt avoidance (Depression)
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“[N]othing is to be gained by creating an internal problem in an effort to meet an international one… We… must seek to keep this part of the Continent free from unrest.”
-Diary of Mackenzie King, Tuesday, March 29, 1938
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Canada’s Response to Jewish Refugees
King believed what was happening in Germany was a domestic issue should not affect Canada
1930’s: Anti-semitism was widespread Newspapers, conversation
Affected immigration policy Ex. Kristallnacht, Nov. 1938 Liberal Cabinet
Minister Thomas Crerar suggested 10, 000 Jews be allowed to immigrate, Cabinet refused
Immigration , deportations
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The SS St Louis
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The SS St Louis
Left Hamburg, Germany in May, 1939 with 907 Jewish passengers escaping persecution
Denied entry in Cuba, South America, and the USA
Last hope= Canada
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Could something like the St Louis incident happen again? What
might be some modern examples?
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Canada’s Steps to WarParliament Votes for War (Sept. 8, 1939) decision to join the war had to be a
Canadian one, decided by Canada’s Parliament
King & Minister of Justice, Ernest Lapointe (Que.) favor war
King: “So long as this government may be in power, no such measure [conscription] shall be enacted.”
Yes= Liberals, Conservatives No= J.S. Woodsworth, CCF
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Canada’s Steps to War
Mobilizing Resources Canada was not prepared for war
Armed forces= small, unfit for combat (4300 troops)
Air force/ navy= small, outdated equipment 58000 people volunteered
Sense of duty (ties to Britain) National pride Steady source of income African-Canadian/ Aboriginal volunteers
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Canada’s Steps to War
British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (BCATP) Canada hosted to give supplies and training
(avoid conscription)
Pilots from across the Commonwealth came to train with British instructors
Built airfields in Prairies and rural areas Trained 130 000 pilots, navigators, flight
engineers, and ground crew $2.2 billion (Canada paid for 70%)
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Canada’s Steps to War
Total War Federal government became more
involved in planning and controlling economy
April 1940, Dept. of Munitions and Supply, CD Howe (aka “Minister of Everything) in charge
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Canada’s Steps to War
Total War
Vancouver= building ships Montreal= constructing
planes & bombers Car industries= military
vehicles and tanks Crown corporations Farmers Gov’t ran: telephones,
refined fuel, stockpiled silk (parachutes), mined uranium, controlled food