Can the United States and South Korea Sing without KORUS? The Economic and Strategic Effects of the...

8/3/2019 Can the United States and South Korea Sing without KORUS? The Economic and Strategic Effects of the KORUS FTA

1/27


2/27

Uphojfh ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' cc

Mhjdcgn ~c}b Gkp}b Lkphj9 ]jlcgn V}kfl ko 0552

Gk Bxnncgn Gk Dhjpgcgn

Acfbjhd Vfbcoohp ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' :

Gkp}b Lkphjg Zxhv}ckgv9 ]jlcgn V}kfl ko 0552

Dhh Vbcg!~bj ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' :8

Fkaudh}cgn }bh V}pj}hncf ]pjgvokpaj}ckg9 ]bh X'V' Acdc}jps Jddcjgfhv ~c}bLkphj jgm Ijujg

]bh X'V'!Ijujg Jddcjgfh jgm }bh X'V'!PKL Jddcjgfh

Ijahv Upysv}xu ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' =6

Uphujpcgn okp Ox}xph ]bphj}v jgm Phnckgjd Fbjddhgnhv9 ]bh PKL!X'V'

Acdc}jps Jddcjgfh cg 05520553

@pxfh H' @hfb}kd Ip' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' >8

Lkphj jgm Ijujgv V}pj}hncf Phdj}ckgvbcu9 ^bhph }k Opka Bhph]bh Ox}xph ko Lkphj!Ijujgv V}pj}hncf Phdj}ckgvbcu9 J Fjvh okp Fjx}ckxv

Ku}cacva

Ujpl Fbhkd!bhh ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' :5:

@hskgm @cdj}hpjd Juupkjfbhv9 Phnckgjdcycgn Ijujg!Lkphj ]hgvckgv

]'I' Uhauhd' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ::3

Jd}hpgj}ch Ox}xphv9 X'V'!Lkphj Hfkgkacf ]chv ~c}b jgm ~c}bkx} j Ophh

]pjmh Jnphhahg}

Fjg }bh X'V' jgm Vkx}b Lkphj Vcgn ~c}bkx} LKPXV; ]bh Hfkgkacf

jgm V}pj}hncf Hoohf}v ko }bh LKPXV O]J

Ajpl Ajgscg$ ^cddcja Fkkuhp' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' :68

LKPXV O]J jv j @h}}hp Jd}hpgj}ch }k Ajgjnh }bh @cdj}hpjd Hfkgkacf Phdj}ckgvbcu

Dhh Ijhacg ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' :83

Lkphj!Ijujg Hfkgkacf ]chv

Lkphj9 }bh Ghr} Jvcjg mkacgk cg Ndk`jd Fpcvcv

Pcfbjpm Lj}y ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' :>>

FKG]HG]V


3/27

Vbco}cgn V}pj}hncf jgm Ukdc}cfjd Phdj}ckgv ~c}b }bh Lkphjv :68

FJG ]BH XGC]HM V]J]HV JGM VKX]B LKPHJ

VCGN ^C]BKX] LKPXV;

]BH HFKGKACF JGM V]PJ]HNCF HOOHF]V KO]BH LKPXV O]J

Ajpl Ajgscg jgm ^cddcja Fkkuhp)

FKG]HG]V

C' Cg}pkmxf}ckg

CC' X'V'Vkx}b Lkphj Hfkgkacf Phdj}ckgv

CCC' LKPXV O]J jgm }bh X'V'Vkx}b Lkphj

Hfkgkacf Phdj}ckgvbcu

C_' ]bh LKPXV O]Jv V}pj}hncf Mcahgvckg

_' Fkgfdxvckg9 @pkjmhp Caudcfj}ckgv ko }bh LKPXV O]J

)Ajpl Ajgscg cv j vuhfcjdcv} cg Jvcjg Joojcpv ~c}b }bh Fkgnphvvckgjd Phvhjpfb

Vhpcfh' ^cddcja Fkkuhp cv j vuhfcjdcv} cg Cg}hpgj}ckgjd ]pjmh jgm Ocgjgfh

~c}b }bh Fkgnphvvckgjd Phvhjpfb Vhpcfh' ]bh ch~v hruphvvhm jph }bkvh ko }bh

jx}bkpv jgm mk gk} ghfhvvjpcds phuphvhg} }bkvh ko }bh Fkgnphvvckgjd PhvhjpfbVhpcfh$ }bh Dc`pjps ko Fkgnphvv$ kp }bh X'V' Fkgnphvv'


4/27

:6? X'V'Lkphj Jfjmhacf Vsaukvcxa

C' Cg}pkmxf}ckg

Kg 65 Ixgh 055>$ X'V' jgm Vkx}b Lkphjg }pjmh kofcjdv vcnghm }bh X'V'! Lkphj

Ophh ]pjmh Jnphhahg} "LKPXV O]J#' ]bh }~k fkxg}pchv phjfbhm }bh jnphhahg}jo}hp :5 akg}bv ko hps }hgvh ghnk}cj}ckgv }bj} phffhf}hm }bh mcofxd} cvvxhv }bh

}~k fkxg}pchv fkgopkg} jgm }bh caukp}jgfh }bhs `k}b udjfh kg }bh jnphhahg}'

Vkx}b Lkphj jgm }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv }kkl j ajikp nja`dh ~bhg }bhs djxgfbhm }bh

LKPXV O]J ghnk}cj}ckgv cg Oh`pxjps 055?' ]bh X'V' ]pjmh Upkak}ckg Jx}bkpc}s

v}j}x}h phzxcphm }bj} }bhs fkxdm gk} kofcjdds hncg }bh jf}xjd ghnk}cj}ckgv xg}cd

Ixgh 055? jgm bjm }k fkaudh}h }bh ghnk}cj}ckgv s : Jupcd 055>' ]bj} dho} }bha

kgds :5 akg}bv }k jmmphvv mcofxd} cvvxhv phdj}cgn }k jnpcfxd}xph$ jx}kv$ vhpcfhv$

cg}hddhf}xjd upkuhp}s pcnb}v$ jgm }bh Ljhvkgn cgmxv}pcjd fkaudhr cg Gkp}b Lkphj$

jakgn k}bhpv' Ajgs ko }bhvh cvvxhv bjm `hhg udjnxcgn }bh `cdj}hpjd hfkgkacfphdj}ckgvbcu okp shjpv$ `x} }bh }~k fkxg}pchv bjm }k phvkdh }bha vkahbk~

co }bhs ~hph nkcgn }k phjfb j ahjgcgnoxd ophh }pjmh jnphhahg} "O]J#' K}bhp

ghnk}cj}ckgv kg dhvv fkaudhr O]Jv$ vxfb jv }bh X'V'!Jxv}pjdcj O]J$ }kkl dkgnhp

}bjg :5 akg}bv' ]bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv jgm Vkx}b Lkphj ~hph jpnxj`ds jdvk ux}}cgn

}bh ox}xph ko }bhcp jddcjgfh kg }bh dcgh$ jg jddcjgfh }bj} j} }bh }cah }bh O]J ~jv

djxgfbhm bjm `hhg vbk~cgn vcngv ko opjscgn'

C} bjv hhg akph }bjg j shjp vcgfh Vkx}b Lkphj jgm }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv vcnghm }bh

LKPXV O]J' @hokph }bh jnphhahg} fjg hg}hp cg}k okpfh$ }bh X'V' Fkgnphvv jgm}bh Lkphjg Gj}ckgjd Jvvha`ds axv} juupkh c}' @k}b okpahp Uphvcmhg} Nhkpnh

^' @xvb jgm Uphvcmhg} Dhh Asxgn!`jl bjh xpnhm }bhcp phvuhf}ch dhncvdj}xphv

}k }jlh xu jgm ujvv }bh caudhahg}cgn dhncvdj}ckg okp LKPXV O]J' Cgfkacgn

Uphvcmhg} @jpjfl K`jaj jgm j gxa`hp ko aha`hpv ko Fkgnphvv bjh$ bk~hhp$

hruphvvhm fkgfhpgv j`kx} }bh jmhzxjfs ko }bh LKPXV O]J }k jmmphvv ajplh}

jffhvv cvvxhv cg }bh Vkx}b Lkphjg ajplh}$ ujp}cfxdjpds okp X'V'!ajmh fjpv$ jv

~hdd jv cvvxhv phnjpmcgn }bh udcnb} ko X'V' dj`kp' ]bkvh fkgfhpgv bjh ajmh }bh

}cacgn jgm hhg }bh dclhdcbkkm ko fkgnphvvckgjd fkgvcmhpj}ckg xgfhp}jcg' Cg Vkx}b

Lkphj$ vkah ukuxdjp kuukvc}ckg }k Uphvcmhg} Dhhv bjgmdcgn ko j mcvux}h khpcaukp}v ko X'V' hho jgm mcvfkg}hg} ~c}b nkhpgcgn v}sdh bjh ajmh aha`hpv ko

}bh Gj}ckgjd Jvvha ds phdxf}jg} }k fkgvcmhp }bh jnphhahg} okp }bh }cah `hcgn'

]bh ox}xph ko }bh LKPXV O]J cv kgh ko }bh akv} caukp}jg} cvvxhv }bj} }bh

Xgc}hm V}j}hv jgm Vkx}b Lkphj ojfh cg }bhcp phdj}ckgvbcu j} }bcv }cah' Kg kgh

bjgm$ co hgjf}hm$ c} ~kxdm `h }bh djpnhv} O]J }bj} }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv bjv hg}hphm

cg}k vcgfh GJO]J cg :33= jgm ~kxdm `h }bh djpnhv} O]J okp Vkx}b Lkphj `jvhm

kg ajplh} vcyh' ]bh LKPXV O]J jdvk bjv uk}hg}cjd caudcfj}ckgv okp }bh X'V'!

Vkx}b Lkphjg jddcjgfh jv j ~bkdh$ jv k}b fkxg}pchv bjh ch~hm c} jv j hbcfdhokp mhhuhgcgn }bj} phdj}ckgvbcu$ j} dhjv} cg j vsa`kdcf ~js' Kg }bh k}bhp bjgm$


5/27

Vbco}cgn V}pj}hncf jgm Ukdc}cfjd Phdj}ckgv ~c}b }bh Lkphjv :6>

kuukghg}v jpnxh }bj} `hfjxvh }bh LKPXV O]J mkhv gk} jmmphvv vkah fpc}cfjd

cvvxhv phnjpmcgn ajplh} jffhvv cg Vkx}b Lkphj jgm cvvxhv phnjpmcgn dj`kp$ c}

vbkxdm gk} `h juupkhm cg c}v fxpphg} okpa'

J} }bh vjah }cah$ }bh caukp}jgfh ko }bh LKPXV O]J }k }bh jddcjgfh vbkxdm gk}

h hrjnnhpj}hm' ]pjmh jgm cghv}ahg} h}~hhg }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv jgm Vkx}b Lkphj

~cdd fkg}cgxh phnjpmdhvv ko }bh ox}xph ko }bh LKPXV O]J jv }bhcp phvuhf}ch

hfkgkacf cg}hphv}v phzxcph' Akphkhp$ }bh LKPXV O]J ghhm gk} `h vhhg jv j

ghfhvvjps$ dh} jdkgh vxofchg}$ fkgmc}ckg okp hgbjgfcgn }bh X'V'!PKL jddcjgfh'

Ax}xjd cg}hphv}v kg fpc}cfjd cvvxhv uhp}jcgcgn }k Gkp}b Lkphj jgm }bh phv} ko }bh

phnckg ~cdd fkg}cgxh }k phzxcph fdkvh fkkuhpj}ckg `h}~hhg }bh }~k fkxg}pchv cg

}bh gj}ckgjd vhfxpc}s vubhph' Cgmhhm$ cg ajgs phvuhf}v$ }bh LKPXV O]Jv oj}h

ajs bjh akph upkokxgm caudcfj}ckgv okp X'V' }pjmh ukdcfs jgm Hjv} Jvcj ukdcfs}bjg okp X'V'Vkx}b Lkphj phdj}ckgv'

CC' X'V'Vkx}b Lkphj Hfkgkacf Phdj}ckgv

Hfkgkacf }chv jph kgh ko }bh akv} fpc}cfjd ojf}kpv }bj} cgm }bh X'V'!Vkx}b Lkphj

phdj}ckgvbcu' ]bkvh }chv bjh v}phgn}bhghm mxpcgn }bh mhfjmhv vcgfh }bh :3?5v

jgm bjh npk~g cg j`vkdx}h }hpav' ]bhcp caukp}jgfh bjv mhfdcghm vkah~bj} cg

phdj}ch }hpav mxpcgn }bh ujv} mhfjmh'

X'V'Vkx}b Lkphj ]pjmh jgm }bh ]chv ]bj} @cgm

Jg caukp}jg} hdhahg} ko }bh hfkgkacf phdj}ckgvbcu bjv `hhg }bh npk~}b ko

`cdj}hpjd ahpfbjgmcvh }pjmh' Vkx}b Lkphj cv j ajikp hfkgkacf ujp}ghp okp }bh

Xgc}hm V}j}hv$ jgm cfh hpvj' Cg 055>$ }~k!~js }pjmh `h}~hhg }bh }~k fkxg}pchv

~jv fdkvh }k -25 cddckg$ ajlcgn Vkx}b Lkphj }bh vhhg}b!djpnhv} }pjmcgn ujp}ghp

ko }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv "vhh ]j`dh :#' Cg 055>$ }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv ~jv Vkx}b Lkphjv

}bcpm!djpnhv} }pjmcgn ujp}ghp jv j ~bkdh$ }bh vhfkgm!djpnhv} hrukp} ajplh}$ jgm

}bh }bcpm!djpnhv} vkxpfh ko caukp}v'

J gxa`hp ko ojf}kpv bjh `hhg mpccgn }bh }~k fkxg}pchv hfkgkachv }knh}bhp'

Kgh cv }bh vhhacgn fkaudhahg}jpc}s ko }bhcp phvuhf}ch fkaujpj}ch jmjg}jnhv

cg }pjmh' ]bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv$ okp hrjaudh$ cv ~hdd hgmk~hm ~c}b jpj`dh djgm jgm

cv j ajikp upkmxfhp jgm hrukp}hp ko jnpcfxd}xpjd upkmxf}v$ hvuhfcjdds npjcgv jgm

ahj}v' Vkx}b Lkphj$ `s fkg}pjv}$ cv phvkxpfh ukkp jgm cv bcnbds mhuhgmhg} kg

caukp}hm okkm' Vkx}b Lkphjv dcac}hm jnpcfxd}xpjd vhf}kp cv gk}kpckxvds cghofchg}

jgm vxpchv }bpkxnb vx`vcmchv$ upk}hf}ckgcv} }pjmh ukdcfchv$ jgm Vkx}b Lkphjgv

vhgvh ko fxd}xpjd bhpc}jnh' Cg 055>$ }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv ~jv Vkx}b Lkphjv djpnhv}


6/27

:62 X'V'Lkphj Jfjmhacf Vsaukvcxa

]j`dh :9 Jggxjd X'V'Vkx}b Lkphj Ahpfbjgmcvh ]pjmh$ Vhdhf}hm Shjpv `cddckgv koX'V' mkddjpv

Shjp X'V' Hrukp}v X'V' Caukp}v ]pjmh `jdjgfh okp Xgc}hm V}j}hv ]k}jd }pjmh

:335 :='= :2'8 !=': 60'3

:338 08'= 0='0 :'0 =3'?

0555 0?'6 63'2 !:6'8 ??':

0556 00'8 6?'3 !:='= 83'8

055= 08'5 =8': !05': >5':

0558 0?'0 =6'0 !:>'5 ?3'=

055? 65'2 =='> !:6'3 >8'8055> 66'5 =8'= !:0'= >2'=

Vkxpfh9 Ndk`jd ]pjmh Cgokpaj}ckg Vhpcfhv' ^kpdm ]pjmh J}djv'

vxuudchp ko caukp}hm npjcgv$ jffkxg}cgn okp =3 uhpfhg} ko }bkvh caukp}v' Cg }bh

vjah shjp$ c} ~jv }bh vhfkgm!djpnhv} vxuudchp ko caukp}hm ahj} jgm jffkxg}hm

okp :> uhpfhg} ko caukp}v' Upckp }k }bh caukvc}ckg ko }bh Vkx}b Lkphjg jg j} }bh

hgm ko 0556 kg caukp}hm X'V' hho jo}hp }bh mcvfkhps ko j @VH!cgohf}hm fj}}dh$}bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv ~jv }bh djpnhv} vkxpfh ko caukp}hm `hho$ ojp jbhjm ko vhfkgm!

udjfh Jxv}pjdcj "N]C jpckxv shjpv#' Ajfbcghps upkmxf}v mkacgj}h X'V'Vkx}b

Lkphj `cdj}hpjd }pjmh$ `k}b hrukp}v jgm caukp}v' ]bcv uj}}hpg cv jgk}bhp vcng

ko }bh fkaudhahg}jpc}s ko X'V'Vkx}b Lkphj }pjmh jv j ojf}kp }bj} `cgmv }bh

phdj}ckgvbcu' Cg 055>$ =8 uhpfhg} ko X'V' hrukp}v }k Vkx}b Lkphj jgm ?> uhpfhg}

ko X'V' caukp}v opka Vkx}b Lkphj ~hph cg ajfbcghps$ vxnnhv}cgn j djpnh jakxg}

ko cg}pj!cgmxv}ps }pjmh jgm }pjmh ~c}bcg upkmxf}ckg gh}~kplv':

]~k akph ojf}kpv bjh fkg}pc`x}hm }k }bh fkaudhahg}jpc}s ko }bh X'V'Vkx}b

Lkphj }pjmh phdj}ckgvbcu' Kgh cv }bh kpchg}j}ckg ko X'V' jgm Vkx}b Lkphjg

hfkgkachv jgm ukdcfchv mxpcgn phfhg} mhfjmhv' Vcgfh }bh :3?5v$ vxffhvvch

Vkx}b Lkphjg nkhpgahg}v bjh haudkshm hrukp}!kpchg}hm hfkgkacf npk~}b

ukdcfchv' Xgmhpv}jgmj`ds$ Vkx}b Lkphjg ukdcfsajlhpv mh}hpacghm }bj}$ okp jphvkxpfh!ukkp hfkgkas vxfb jv }bhcpv }k npk~$ c} ~kxdm bjh }k haubjvcyh

ajgxojf}xpcgn$ jgm$ `hfjxvh Lkphjv hfkgkas cv j vajdd kgh$ c} ~kxdm bjh

}k upkak}h hrukp}cgn cg kpmhp }k }jlh jmjg}jnh ko hfkgkachv ko vfjdh' ]bhvh

ukdcfchv bjh djpnhds ~kplhm$ `x} }bhs bjh phzxcphm okphcng ajplh}v }bj} jph

phfhu}ch }k Lkphjv hrukp}v' K}bhp jmjgfhm Hjv} Jvcjg mhhdkucgn fkxg}pchv

~hph cg }bh vjah vc}xj}ckg jv Vkx}b Lkphj jgm ~hph haudkscgn vcacdjp hrukp}!

kpchg}hm ukdcfchv$ ajlcgn }bha xgdclhds fkgvxahpv ko Vkx}b Lkphjg hrukp}v'

Ijujghvh phnxdj}ckgv jgm }pjmh upjf}cfhv }k dcac} caukp} uhgh}pj}ckg jgm Ijujgv

:' Ocnxphv jph mhpchm opka X'V' Mhujp}ahg} ko Fkaahpfh mj}j ajcg}jcghm s }bh X'V' Cg}hpgj}ckgjd

]pjmh Fkaacvvckg "XVC]F# cg j mj}j`jvh'


7/27

Vbco}cgn V}pj}hncf jgm Ukdc}cfjd Phdj}ckgv ~c}b }bh Lkphjv :63

haubjvcv kg vjcgnv khp fkgvxau}ckg bjh dcac}hm Ijujgv pkdh jv j ajplh} okp

Vkx}b Lkphjv hrukp}v' ]bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv$ cg fkg}pjv}$ ~c}b c}v phdj}chds kuhg

hfkgkas jgm bcnb fkgvxau}ckg pj}hv bjv udjshm j vcngcfjg} pkdh cg Vkx}b

Lkphjg }pjmh jgm Vkx}b Lkphjv hfkgkacf vxffhvv'

Cg jmmc}ckg }k fkaahpfcjd jgm k}bhp hfkgkacf ojf}kpv$ vkah ukdc}cfjd jgm

gj}ckgjd vhfxpc}s cg}hphv}v bjh mpchg }bh hfkgkacf phdj}ckgvbcu' ]bh Xgc}hm

V}j}hv jgm Vkx}b Lkphj bjh `xcd} j v}pkgn jddcjgfh pkk}hm cg }bh hruhpchgfhv

ko }bh Lkphjg fkgffcf} jgm cg ax}xjd vhfxpc}s ghhmv cg Hjv} Jvcj' Mxpcgn }bh

:325v$ }pjmh mcvux}hv ophzxhg}ds hpxu}hm `h}~hhg }bh }~k fkxg}pchv$ hvuhfcjdds

khp Vkx}b Lkphjv upjf}cfhv jgm ukdcfchv }bj} }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv jddhnhm ~hph

mhgscgn ajplh} jffhvv }k X'V' hrukp}v' ^bcdh }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv }bphj}hghm }k

caukvh vjgf}ckgv jnjcgv} Vkx}b Lkphj$ ajgs jgjdsv}v bjh jpnxhm }bh caukp}jgfhko ajcg}jcgcgn }bh bhjd}b ko }bh khpjdd jddcjgfh bhduhm }k }hauhp }bh }hgvckgv'

Vkah X'V' hrukp}hpv fkaudjcghm$ }bkxnb$ }bj} }kk ko}hg X'V' ukdcfsajlhpv

vjfpcfhm }bhcp cg}hphv}v cg }bh gjah ko }bh jddcjgfh'

]bh Mhfdcgcgn Phdj}ch Caukp}jgfh ko X'V'!PKL ]pjmh Phdj}ckgv

X'V'Vkx}b Lkphj ahpfbjgmcvh }pjmh phajcgv vcngcfjg} okp `k}b fkxg}pchv$

`x} }bj} vcngcfjgfh bjv `hhg mhfphjvcgn mxpcgn }bh ujv} mhfjmh "Ocnxph :#'

K}bhp fkxg}pchv$ ujp}cfxdjpds Fbcgj$ bjh hahpnhm jv ajikp }pjmcgn ujp}ghpv'Cg :33?$ }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv jffkxg}hm okp :?'> uhpfhg} ko }bh jdxh ko Vkx}b

Lkphjg hrukp}v$ x} }bj} vbjph mpkuuhm }k :0'6 uhpfhg} s 055>' Cg :33?$ Ijujg

jffkxg}hm okp :0'0 uhpfhg} ko }bh jdxh ko Vkx}b Lkphjg hrukp}v `x} okp kgds

Vkxpfh9 Ndk`jd ]pjmh Cgokpaj}ckg Vhpcfhv$ Cgf' kpdm ]pjmh J}djv'

Gk}h9 ]pjmh cg }hpav ko jdxh

Ocnxph :9 Hrukp}v opka Vkx}b Lkphj }k }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv$ Ijujg$ Fbcgj$ jgm }bh

Phv} ko Jvcj$ :33?055>$ uhpfhg}jnh

5

8

:5

:8

05

08

65

68

=5

:33? :33> :332 :333 0555 055: 0550 0556 055= 0558 055? 055>

X'V'

Ijujg

Fbcgj

Phv} ko Jvcj


8/27

:=5 X'V'Lkphj Jfjmhacf Vsaukvcxa

>': uhpfhg} s 055>' Cg fkg}pjv}$ cg :33? Fbcgj jffkxg}hm okp 2'2 uhpfhg} ko }bh

jdxh ko Vkx}b Lkphjv hrukp}v x} okp 00': uhpfhg} cg 055>' Cg jmmc}ckg$ }bh phv}

ko Jvcj "Jvcj hrfdxmcgn Ijujg jgm Fbcgj# bjv dkv} caukp}jgfh jv j ajplh} okp

Vkx}b Lkphjg hrukp}v$ ~c}b c}v vbjph ko }bh ajplh} cg }hpav ko jdxh mhfdcgcgnopka 6='5 uhpfhg} cg :33? }k 0>'8 uhpfhg} cg 055>'

Vcacdjpds$ }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv jgm Ijujg bjh dkv} ukvc}ckg }k Fbcgj jv vkxpfhv ko

Vkx}b Lkphjv caukp}v "Ocnxph 0#' Cg :33?$ }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv jffkxg}hm okp 00'0

uhpfhg} ko }bh jdxh ko Vkx}b Lkphjv caukp}v jgm ~jv Vkx}b Lkphjv gxa`hp

kgh vkxpfh okp caukp}v' Cg 055>$ }bh X'V' vbjph bjm mpkuuhm }k :5'6 uhpfhg} cg

}hpav ko jdxh$ jgm }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv bjm mhfdcghm }k }bh }bcpm!djpnhv} vkxpfh ko

Vkx}b Lkphjv caukp}v' Cg :33?$ Ijujg ~jv }bh vhfkgm!djpnhv} vkxpfh ko Vkx}b

Lkphjv caukp}v$ ~c}b j 05'3 uhpfhg} vbjph cg }hpav ko jdxh' Cg 055> c} ~jvv}cdd gxa`hp }~k$ x} c}v vbjph bjm mhfphjvhm }k :8'2 uhpfhg}' Fbcgj$ cg fkg}pjv}$

cg :33? pjglhm }bcpm jv j vkxpfh ko Vkx}b Lkphjv caukp}v$ ~c}b j 8'> uhpfhg}

vbjph$ `x} c} pjglhm pv} cg 055> ~c}b j :>'> uhpfhg} vbjph' ]bh phv} ko Jvcj bjv

cgfphjvhm cg caukp}jgfh jv j vkxpfh ko Vkx}b Lkphjv caukp}v$ ~c}b c}v vbjph

pcvcgn opka 0:'8 uhpfhg} cg :33? }k 60'3 uhpfhg} cg 055>$ jd}bkxnb }bj} nxph

~jv j mhfphjvh opka c}v uhjl ko 6='? uhpfhg} cg 055?'

Cg jmmc}ckg$ Vkx}b Lkphj bjv `hfkah j dhvv caukp}jg} ujp}ghp }k }bh Xgc}hm

V}j}hv cg ahpfbjgmcvh }pjmh "Ocnxph 6#' Vkx}b Lkphjv vbjphv ko X'V' hrukp}vbjh mhfdcghm mxpcgn }bh ujv} mhfjmh' Cg :33?$ Vkx}b Lkphj jffkxg}hm okp ='6

uhpfhg} ko }bh jdxh ko X'V' hrukp}v jgm pjglhm gcg}b jv j X'V' hrukp} ajplh}'

Ocnxph 09 Caukp}v cg}k Vkx}b Lkphj opka }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv$ Ijujg$ Fbcgj$ jgm }bh

Phv} ko Jvcj$ :33?055>$ uhpfhg}jnh

Vkxpfh9 Ndk`jd ]pjmh Cgokpaj}ckg Vhpcfhv$ Cgf' ^kpdm ]pjmh J}djv'Gk}h9 ]pjmh cg }hpav ko jdxh'

5

8

:5

:8

05

0865

68

=5

:33? :33> :332 :333 0555 055: 0550 0556 055= 0558 055? 055>

X'V'

Ijujg

Fbcgj

Phv} ko Jvcj


9/27

Vbco}cgn V}pj}hncf jgm Ukdc}cfjd Phdj}ckgv ~c}b }bh Lkphjv :=:

Cg 055>$ Vkx}b Lkphj pjglhm vhhg}b jv j X'V' hrukp} ajplh}$ `x} c}v vbjph bjm

mhfdcghm }k 6'5 uhpfhg}'

Oxp}bhpakph$ Vkx}b Lkphjv vbjphv ko X'V' caukp}v cg }hpav ko jdxh bjh mhfphjvhm

vkah~bj} khp }bh shjpv$ opka 0'3 uhpfhg} cg :33? }k 0'= uhpfhg} cg 055> "Ocnxph =#'

Ocnxph 69 Hrukp}v opka Xgc}hm V}j}hv }k Vkx}b Lkphj$ Fbcgj$ jgm Ahrcfk:33?055> uhpfhg}jnh

Vkxpfh9 Ndk`jd ]pjmh Cgokpaj}ckg Vhpcfhv$ Cgf' ^kpdm ]pjmh J}djv'

Gk}h9 ]pjmh cg }hpav ko jdxh'

Vkxpfh9 N]C "Ndk`jd ]pjmh Cgokpaj}ckg Vhpcfhv$ Cgf'#' _jpckxv shjpv' ~~~'n}cv'fka+hgndcvb+'Gk}h9 ]pjmh cg }hpav ko jdxh'

Ajgs jgjdsv}v bjh vxnnhv}hm }bj}$ hfjxvh ko }bh phukp}hm vbco} ko Vkx}b Lkphjg

upkmxf}ckg opka c}v bkah `jvh }k Fbcgj opka ~bhph upkmxf}v jph vbcuuhm }k

}bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv$ }bh phdj}ch mhfdcgh cg }bh vcngcfjgfh ko X'V'Vkx}b Lkphj

`cdj}hpjd }pjmh ajs gk} `h jv nphj} jv }bh `cdj}hpjd mj}j vbk~' Mj}j vbk~cgn

vxfb }pcjgnxdjp }pjmh }phgmv jph mcofxd} }k mhhdku jd}bkxnb }bh hrudjgj}ckg cvfhp}jcgds udjxvc`dh' Co Pcfbjpm Lj}yv gmcgnv "0552# hdvh~bhph cg }bcv kdxah

5

0

=

?

2

:5

:0

:=

:?

:2

:33? :332 0555 0550 055= 055?

Vkx}b Lkphj

Fbcgj

Ahrcfk

50

=

?

2

:5

:0

:=

:?

:33? :332 0555 0550 055= 055?

Vkx}b Lkphj

Fbcgj

Ahrcfk

Ocnxph =9 Caukp}v cg}k }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv opka Vkx}b Lkphj$ Fbcgj$ jgm Ahrcfk:33?055>$ uhpfhg}jnh


10/27


jph jg jffxpj}h phffhf}ckg ko phjdc}s$ j vx`v}jg}cjd ukp}ckg ko Vkx}b Lkphjg hrukp}v

}k Fbcgj ajs cgmhhm bcgnh xukg Fbcghvh hrukp}v }k }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv'

K}bhp ]phgmv cg }bh @cdj}hpjd Hfkgkacf Phdj}ckgvbcu

^bcdh }bh vcngcfjgfh ko }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv jgm Vkx}b Lkphj jv ujp}ghpv cg

ahpfbjgmcvh }pjmh bjv vdcuuhm vkah~bj}$ }bhcp `cdj}hpjd hfkgkacf phdj}ckgvbcu

bjv }cnb}hghm cg k}bhp jphjv$ cgfdxmcgn vhpcfhv }pjmh jgm okphcng cghv}ahg}'

C} fkxdm `h }bhvh jphjv }bj} upkh }k bjh nphj}hp caukp}jgfh cg }bh dkgn }hpa'

]bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv cv j dhjmcgn upkmxfhp ko vhpcfhv' Opka :333 }k 055>$ }bh

vbjph ko vhpcfhv cg X'V' hrukp}v }k Vkx}b Lkphj cgfphjvhm opka 0= uhpfhg} }k

03 uhpfhg}' Mxpcgn }bj} uhpckm$ vhpcfhv vbjph ko caukp}v phajcghm phdj}chds

}bh vjah$ cgfphjvcgn opka :8 uhpfhg} }k :? uhpfhg}'

Jgk}bhp }phgm cg }bh `cdj}hpjd hfkgkacf phdj}ckgvbcu bjv `hhg }bh npk~}b cg

okphcng mcphf} cghv}ahg} "OMC#' @hfjxvh OMC xvxjdds cgkdhv cghv}ahg}

cg ajgxojf}xpcgn ojfcdc}chv jgm k}bhp bjpm jvvh}v$ c} fkggk}hv j dkgn!}hpa

fkaac}ahg}' ]bhphokph$ OMC }phgmv fjg `h fkgvcmhphm jg cgmcfj}kp ko j pa

hfkgkacf phdj}ckgvbcu' ]bh v}kfl ko X'V' mcphf} cghv}ahg} cg Vkx}b Lkphj vkjphm

akph }bjg 0?5 uhpfhg} h}~hhg :333 jgm 055>$ opka ->'8 cddckg }k -0>'0 cddckg$

jffkpmcgn }k X'V' mj}j'0 ]bcv cgfphjvh okddk~hm Vkx}b Lkphjv :33> gjgfcjd

fpcvcv$ ~bcfb dhm }k j mhjdxj}ckg ko }bh Lkphjg ~kg jgm }k ajplh}!kpchg}hmhfkgkacf phokpav$ Vcacdjpds$ }bh v}kfl ko Vkx}b Lkphjg mcphf} cghv}ahg} cg }bh

Xgc}hm V}j}hv cgfphjvhm 628 uhpfhg} mxpcgn }bh vjah uhpckm$ opka -0'> `cddckg

}k -:6': `cddckg'6 Jd}bkxnb Vkx}b Lkphj jffkxg}v okp j vajdd vbjph ko OMC cg}k

}bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv$ }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv cv }bh akv} vcngcfjg} vkxpfh ko }bh v}kfl ko

OMC cg Vkx}b Lkphj' @s 055>$ c} jffkxg}hm okp 03 uhpfhg} ko jffxaxdj}hm OMC

cg Vkx}b Lkphj$ jbhjm ko Ijujg ":8 uhpfhg}# "Ocnxph 8#'=

CCC' LKPXV O]J jgm }bh X'V'Vkx}b Lkphj Hfkgkacf Phdj}ckgvbcu

J ajikp X'V' jgm Vkx}b Lkphjg k`ihf}ch cg fkgfdxmcgn }bh LKPXV O]J ~jv }k

mhhuhg }bh cdj}hpjd hfkgkacf phdj}ckgvbcu s hdcacgj}cgn }jpcoov$ phmxfcgn k}bhp

0' Jx}bkpv fjdfxdj}ckgv `jvhm kg mj}j opka }bh X'V' Mhujp}ahg} ko Fkaahpfh$ @xphjx ko Hfkgkacf

Jgjdsvcv' 4~~~'`hj'nk7'

6' Jx}bkpv fjdfxdj}ckgv `jvhm kg mj}j opka }bh X'V' Mhujp}ahg} ko Fkaahpfh$ @xphjx ko Hfkgkacf

Jgjdsvcv' ~~~'`hj'nk'

=' FPV fjdfxdj}ckgv `jvhm kg mj}j opka }bh Phux`dcf ko Lkphj$ Acgcv}ps ko Lgk~dhmnh Hfkgkas'


11/27


12/27

:== X'V'Lkphj Jfjmhacf Vsaukvcxa

}bh mcvfpcacgj}kps hoohf}v ko c}v hgncgh mcvudjfhahg} }jrhv$ jahgm hacvvckgv

v}jgmjpmv okp vkah X'V'!hrukp}hm fjpv$ jgm jddk~ }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv }k ph}xpg }k

kp vgju `jfl }jpcoov kg fjpv }k }bhcp kpcncgjd akv}!ojkphm!gj}ckg dhhd co Vkx}b

Lkphj mkhv gk} j`cmh `s c}v fkaac}ahg}v kg jx}k }pjmh xgmhp }bh LKPXV O]J'Fxpphg}ds$ }bh X'V' jx}k cgmxv}ps jgm jx}kak}ch xgckgv ohhd }bhvh upkcvckgv

jph cgvxofchg}'

Oxp}bhpakph$ xgmhp }bh LKPXV O]J }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv jgm Vkx}b Lkphj jnphhm

}k dc`hpjdcyh }pjmh cg vhpcfhv' ]bh LKPXV O]J$ dclh vkah k}bhp X'V' O]Jv$

jmku}v }bh ghnj}ch dcv} juupkjfb }k vhpcfhv< }bj} cv$ }bh jvvxau}ckg cv }bj}

j vhpcfh ~kxdm `h fkhphm xgmhp }bh jnphhahg} xgdhvv c} cv vuhfcfjdds dcv}hm

jv jg hrfhu}ckg$ ajlcgn }pjmh dc`hpjdcyj}ckg }bh mhojxd}' ]bcv juupkjfb cv cg

fkg}pjv} ~c}b }bh ukvc}ch dcv} xvhm cg }bh ]Kv Nhghpjd Jnphhahg} kg ]pjmhcg Vhpcfhv "NJ]V#$ ~bhph }bh jvvxau}ckg cv }bj} j vhpcfh cv gk} fkhphm okp

dc`hpjdcyj}ckg xgdhvv c}v cv vuhfcfjdds dcv}hm' ]bcv v}hu phzxcphm fkgfhvvckgv akph

opka Vkx}b Lkphj }bjg opka }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv jv }bh X'V' ajplh} cv djpnhds kuhg'

@x} c} ahjgv }bj} }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv fkxdm phjdcyh kuukp}xgc}chv cg Vkx}b Lkphjv

`xpnhkgcgn ajplh} okpgjgfcjd jgm upkohvvckgjd vhpcfhv' Vkah phuphvhg}j}chv

ko X'V' vhpcfhv upkcmhpv fkgvcmhp }bh LKPXV O]J j akmhd okp ox}xph O]Jv'

]bh X'V'Vkx}b Lkphj Hfkgkacf Phdj}ckgvbcu ~c}b j LKPXV O]J

Hv}caj}hv cgmcfj}h }bj} }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv jgm Vkx}b Lkphj kg `jdjgfh ~kxdm

`hgh} jv j ~bkdh hfkgkacfjdds opka }bh LKPXV O]J' J fkgnphvvckgjdds

ajgmj}hm v}xms s }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv Cg}hpgj}ckgjd ]pjmh Fkaacvvckg "XVC]F#

ko }bh caujf} ko }bh jnphhahg} kg }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv fkgfdxmhm }bj} }bh X'V'

npkvv mkahv}cf upkmxf} "NMU# ~kxdm cgfphjvh juupkrcaj}hds 5': uhpfhg} ~bhg

}bh LKPXV O]J cv oxdds caudhahg}hm "XVC]F 055>$ rccrccc#' ]bh XVC]F

`jvhm }bcv hv}caj}h upcajpcds kg }bh phakjd ko }jpcoov jgm }jpcoo!pj}h zxk}jv$

}bj} cv$ `jppchpv }bj} fjg `h phdj}chds hjvcds zxjg}chm' ]bh vcngcfjgfh ko

}bh jnphhahg} ~kxdm dclhds `h ohd} akph `s }bkvh vuhfc

f vhf}kpv }bj} v}jgm }knjcg }bh akv} opka }pjmh dc`hpjdcyj}ckg' ]bh XVC]F v}xms fkgfdxmhm }bj} X'V'

hrukp}v ko nkkmv ~kxdm dclhds cgfphjvh s -3'> cddckg }k -:5'3 cddckg upcajpcds

cg jnpcfxd}xpjd upkmxf}v$ ajfbcghps$ hdhf}pkgcfv$ jgm }pjgvukp}j}ckg hzxcuahg}$

cgfdxmcgn ujvvhgnhp hbcfdhv jgm ujp}v' X'V' caukp}v ~kxdm cgfphjvh opka -?'=

cddckg }k -?'3 cddckg$ upcajpcds cg }hr}cdhv$ juujphd$ dhj}bhp upkmxf}v$ okk}~hjp$

ajfbcghps$ hdhf}pkgcfv$ jgm ujvvhgnhp hbcfdhv jgm ujp}v'

]bh hv}caj}hv mk gk} }jlh cg}k jffkxg} }bh caujf} ko }bh phmxf}ckg ko jppchpv }k

}pjmh cg vhpcfhv jgm }k okphcng cghv}ahg}ff

k~v jgm }bh caujf} ko fbjgnhv cgphnxdj}ckgv jv j phvxd} ko }bh LKPXV O]J' Bk~hhp$ }bh v}xms gk}hv }bj} X'V'


13/27

Vbco}cgn V}pj}hncf jgm Ukdc}cfjd Phdj}ckgv ~c}b }bh Lkphjv :=8

hrukp}v cg vhpcfhv ~kxdm cgfphjvh jv j phvxd} ko Vkx}b Lkphjg fkaac}ahg}v

xgmhp }bh LKPXV O]J jgm }bj} fbjgnhv cg }bh phnxdj}kps hgcpkgahg} cg `k}b

fkxg}pchv ~kxdm jdvk bhdu }k cgfphjvh `cdj}hpjd }pjmh jgm cghv}ahg} ffk~v'

J Lkphj Cgv}c}x}h okp Cg}hpgj}ckgjd Hfkgkacf Ukdcfs "LCHU# v}xms "Dhh jgm Dhh

0558$ 2?# ux`dcvbhm `hokph }bh LKPXV O]J ghnk}cj}ckgv bjm `hhg fkaudh}hm

ahjvxphm }bh uk}hg}cjd hfkgkacf caujf} ko }bh O]J kg Vkx}b Lkphj jdkgh'

]bh v}xms hv}caj}hm vkah ko }bh msgjacf$ kp dkgn!pxg$ hfkgkacf hoohf}v cg

jmmc}ckg }k }bh v}j}cf$ kp kgh!}cah$ hoohf}v' ]bh v}xms fkgfdxmhm }bj} }bh O]J

~kxdm hhg}xjdds dhjm }k j 5'=05'83 uhpfhg} cgfphjvh cg Vkx}b Lkphjv NMU

jffkpmcgn }k j v}j}cf jgjdsvcv jgm j :'330'0> uhpfhg} cgfphjvh jffkpmcgn }k j

msgjacf jgjdsvcv'

C} cv }bhvh uk}hg}cjd dkgn!pxg msgjacf hoohf}v }bj} }hgm }k h haubjvcyhm s Vkx}b

Lkphjg kofcjdv jgm k}bhp Vkx}b Lkphjg upkukghg}v ko }bh LKPXV O]J' ]bhs

v}phvv }bj} jg cgffxr ko X'V' cghv}ahg} jgm cgfphjvhm fkauh}c}ckg ~c}b X'V'

pav ~kxdm cgfphjvh }bh jddkfj}ch hofchgfs ko }bh Vkx}b Lkphjg hfkgkas$

ujp}cfxdjpds cg }bh vhpcfhv cgmxv}pchv' Okp vkah Vkx}b Lkphjg kofcjdv$ }bh

fkxg}psv hfkgkacf ox}xph bcgnhv kg fjppscgn kx} }bcv }suh ko }pjgvokpaj}ckg'

Kgnkcgn fkauh}c}ch uphvvxph opka Ijujghvh pav$ cgfphjvhm fkauh}c}ckg

opka Fbcghvh hg}hpupcvhv$ jgm }bh pjucm jncgn ko }bh Vkx}b Lkphjg ~kplokpfh

bjv bhcnb}hghm }bh vhgvh ko xpnhgfs j`kx} `kkv}cgn gj}ckgjd fkauh}c}chghvv'Fkg}cgxcgn jdkgn }bcv dcgh ko jpnxahg}$ okpahp Vkx}b Lkphjg upcah acgcv}hp

Bjg Mxl!vkk bjv vjcm "AKOH 055?# }bj} j ojcdxph }k jmku} vcngcfjg} hfkgkacf

fbjgnhv ~cdd ahjg }bj} Lkphjv dkgn!}hpa npk~}b uk}hg}cjd cv dclhds }k

mh}hpckpj}h' Dclh~cvh$ Uphvcmhg} Dhh Asxgn!`jl bjv fbjauckghm }bh LKPXV

O]Jjv ~hdd jv }bh k}bhp O]J ghnk}cj}ckgv Vhkxd bjv cgc}cj}hmjv ujp} ko j

djpnhp upknpja }k upkak}h Vkx}b Lkphjg hfkgkacf npk~}b'

Jv ~c}b akv} }pjmh jnphhahg}v$ }bh cgc}cjd hoohf}v ko }bh LKPXV O]J ~kxdm

`h vajdd phdj}ch }k }bh vcyh ko hjfb ko }bh hfkgkachv$ jgm }bhs ~kxdm `hfkgfhg}pj}hm cg fhp}jcg vhf}kpv ko hjfb hfkgkas' Jdvk$ ~bcdh vkah vhf}kpv

~kxdm `h hruhf}hm }k njcg opka }bh jnphhahg}$ k}bhp caukp}!vhgvc}ch vhf}kpv

~kxdm vhh jmhpvh hoohf}v$ okpfcgn }bha }k ajlh jmixv}ahg}v' X'V' kuukghg}v

ko }bh LKPXV O]J bjh jpnxhm }bj} c} ojcdv }k phvkdh fpc}cfjd cvvxhv phnjpmcgn

ajplh} jffhvv cg Vkx}b Lkphj' Vkah X'V' jx}k ajgxojf}xphpv bjh v}j}hm }bj}

}bh LKPXV O]J vbkxdm gk} `h juupkhm cg c}v fxpphg} okpa `hfjxvh c} mkhv gk}

jmhzxj}hds jmmphvv Vkx}b Lkphjg jppchpv }k jx}k caukp}v jgm }bj} }bh jnphhahg}

~kxdm gk} nxjpjg}hh }bj} X'V' hrukp}v ko fjpv ~kxdm cgfphjvh' ]bh X'V' v}hhd

cgmxv}ps bjv jvvhp}hm }bj} }bh upkcvckgv cg }bh LKPXV O]J }bj} mhjd ~c}b}pjmh phahmchv ~kxdm ~hjlhg }bh j`cdc}s ko }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv }k mhjd ~c}b Vkx}b


14/27

:=? X'V'Lkphj Jfjmhacf Vsaukvcxa

Lkphjg mxaucgn jgm vx`vcms cgopjf}ckgv jgm }bhphokph vbkxdm gk} h juupkhm'

Ajikp jx}kak}ch jgm v}hhd dj`kp xgckgv$ jdkgn ~c}b ajgs ko }bhcp `jflhpv cg

Fkgnphvv$ bjh kuukvhm }bh jnphhahg}'

]bh hrjf} caujf} }bj} O]Jv cg nhghpjd bjh xukg }pjmh ffk~v cv mcofxd} }k mcvfhpg'

Okp hrjaudh$ }bh X'V'!Fbcdh O]J ~hg} cg}k hoohf} kg : Ijgxjps 055=' Cg 0556$ }bh

X'V' vbjph ko Fbcdhv caukp}v ~jv :='8 uhpfhg} jgm dj}hp pkvh }k :>'5 uhpfhg} cg

055>' ]bh Vkx}b LkphjFbcdh O]J ~hg} cg}k hoohf} cg Oh`pxjps 0556' Jffkpmcgn

}k jg xgmj}hm mkfxahg} `s }bh Fbcdhjg ha`jvvs cg Vkx}b Lkphj$ Vkx}b Lkphjv

vbjph ko Fbcdhv caukp}v cg 0556 ~jv 0'2 uhpfhg}$ j uhpfhg}jnh }bj} cgfphjvhm }k

?'? uhpfhg} cg 055>' Bk~hhp$ Fbcgjv vbjph ko Fbcdhv caukp}v jdvk cgfphjvhm

mxpcgn }bj} uhpckm$ opka >'6 uhpfhg} cg 055= }k ::'= uhpfhg} cg 055>' ]bh X'V'

vbjph ko Ahrcfkv caukp}v mhfdcghm vcngcfjg}ds jo}hp : Ijgxjps :33=$ ~bhg}bh GJO]J ~hg} cg}k hoohf}$ opka >='= uhpfhg} cg :338 jgm }k =3'8 uhpfhg} cg

055>$ hhg }bkxnb X'V' hrukp}v }k Ahrcfk cgfphjvhm :?5 uhpfhg} mxpcgn }bj}

uhpckm' ]bhvh }phgmv cgmcfj}h }bj} k}bhp ojf}kpv hvcmhv }pjmh dc`hpjdcyj}ckgokp

hrjaudh$ phdj}ch npk~}b pj}hv jgm hrfbjgnh pj}hvbjh hhg udjscgn j pkdh cg

mh}hpacgcgn }pjmh kdxahv jgm uj}}hpgv'

C} vhhav dclhds }bj} jgs hoohf}v$ ghnj}ch kp ukvc}ch$ ko }bh LKPXV O]J ~cdd `h

akph acfpk cg gj}xph< }bj} cv$ }bhs ~cdd `h ~c}bcg vuhfcf vhf}kpv kp cgmxv}pchv

jgm hhg jakgn pav' ]bh hoohf}v jph dclhds }k `h ajgcohv}hm cg }bh `xvcghvvhgcpkgahg}v cg ~bcfb }bh hfkgkacf udjshpv kuhpj}h jgm gk} fju}xphm `s

}pjmh mj}j' Jv j phvxd} ko }bh X'V'!Vcgnjukph O]J$ okp hrjaudh$ X'V' caukp}v

ko ubjpajfhx}cfjdv bjh cgfphjvhm pjucmds vcgfh 055= `hfjxvh }bh cg}hddhf}xjd

upkuhp}s pcnb}v "CUP# upkcvckgv ko }bh jnphhahg} okpfhm Vcgnjukph }k caupkh

CUP upk}hf}ckg$ ~bcfb cg }xpg hgfkxpjnhm okphcng ubjpajfhx}cfjd pav }k cghv}

cg Vcgnjukph jgm hrukp} opka }bhph' Cgmhhm$ ~bhg jvlhm `s kgh ko }bh jx}bkpv

}k fkaahg} j`kx} }bh hoohf}v ko }bh X'V'!Vcgnjukph O]J$ j Vcgnjukphjg kofcjd

phudchm$ ^h ~cvb skx bjm okpfhm xv }k caupkh kxp CUP phncah vkkghp*

]bh X'V'Vkx}b Lkphj Hfkgkacf Phdj}ckgvbcu ~c}bkx} j LKPXV O]J

J} }bcv ~pc}cgn }bh upkvuhf}v okp }bh LKPXV O]J jph xgfdhjp j} `hv}' ]bh X'V'

Fkgnphvv jgm }bh Lkphjg Gj}ckgjd Jvvha`ds axv} hjfb juupkh }bh jnphhahg}

okp c} }k hg}hp cg}k okpfh' Vkah aha`hpv ko Fkgnphvv$ jv ~hdd jv cgfkacgn

Uphvcmhg} K`jaj$ bjh pjcvhm k`ihf}ckgv }k }bh jnphhahg} jv ~pc}}hg hfjxvh$ }bhs

jvvhp}$ c} mkhv gk} jmhzxj}hds jmmphvv cvvxhv ko ajplh} jffhvv okp X'V' hrukp}v ko

fjpv jgm k}bhp nkkmv' K}bhp aha`hpv kuukvhm jgs fkgnphvvckgjd fkgvcmhpj}ckg

ko }bh LKPXV O]J xg}cd Vkx}b Lkphj jnphhm }k dco} phv}pcf}ckgv kg caukp}v ko


15/27

Vbco}cgn V}pj}hncf jgm Ukdc}cfjd Phdj}ckgv ~c}b }bh Lkphjv :=>

X'V' `hho'8 ]bh ^bc}h Bkxvh bjv cgmcfj}hm }bj} c} ~kxdm fkgvcmhp jf}cgn kg }bh

O]Jv kgds cg }bh kpmhp cg ~bcfb }bhs ~hph vcnghm' Jffkpmcgn }k }bcv ukvc}ckg$

Fkgnphvv ~kxdm pv} bjh }k jf} kg O]Jv ~c}b Fkdka`cj jgm Ujgjaj `hokph

fkgvcmhpcgn }bh kgh ~c}b Vkx}b Lkphj'

@hskgm }bhvh upkfhmxpjd fkgfhpgv$ }bh oj}h ko }bh LKPXV O]J ojfhv j npk~cgn

vlhu}cfcva cg }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv }k~jpm ophhp }pjmh }bj} hfjah npcv} okp }bh 0552

X'V' uphvcmhg}cjd jgm fkgnphvvckgjd fjaujcngv' ]bh gkacghhv ko }bh }~k ajikp

ukdc}cfjd ujp}chv okp }bh kofh ko X'V' uphvcmhg} jdvk hruphvvhm mcoohpcgn ch~v

kg }bh LKPXV O]J' ]bh Phux`dcfjg Ujp}s gkacghh$ Vhgj}kp Ikbg AfFjcg$

vxuukp}hm }bh jnphhahg} jv j ~js }k hrujgm }pjmh jgm ik`v' ]bh Mhakfpj}cf Ujp}s

gkacghh$ Vhgj}kp @jpjfl K`jaj$ kuukvhm }bh jnphhahg} jv ~pc}}hg `hfjxvh$

bh vjcm$ c} mkhv gk} ujs vxofchg} j}}hg}ckg }k }bh ghhmv ko lhs X'V' cgmxv}pchvjgm jnpcfxd}xph jgm X'V' dj`kp'

]bh Vkx}b Lkphjg Gj}ckgjd Jvvha`ds bjv mhdjshm fkgvcmhpj}ckg ko }bh LKPXV

O]J jv ~hdd' Uphvcmhg} Dhh Asxgn!`jl bjv vjcm bh bjm bkuhm }k bjh }bh Vkx}b

Lkphjg Gj}ckgjd Jvvha`ds ujvv }bh jnphhahg} `hokph c}v dhncvdj}ch vhvvckg

hgmhm cg Ajs 0552' Bk~hhp$ jg xupkjp cg Vkx}b Lkphj khp }bh jg jnphhahg}

~bhph`s Vkx}b Lkphj phvxahm caukp}v ko X'V' `hho$ j pjucm mhfdcgh cg Dhhv

ukuxdjp vxuukp}$ jgm j vhhacgn cgfphjvh cg jg}c!X'V' ohhdcgnv cg Vkx}b Lkphj

bjh ajmh }bh }cacgn ko Gj}ckgjd Jvvha`ds jf}ckg xgfhp}jcg'

]bcv xgfhp}jcg}s cg k}b fkxg}pchv vxnnhv}v }bj} }bh LKPXV O]Jv juupkjd ~cdd

`h mhdjshm okp vkah }cah co c} cv juupkhm j} jdd' Vxfb j mhdjs ~cdd dclhds joohf}

X'V'Vkx}b Lkphj hfkgkacf }chv$ jgm }bh vfkuh jgm mhu}b ko }bj} caujf} ~cdd

mhuhgm kg }bh dhgn}b ko }bh mhdjs jgm kg bk~ ukdcfsajlhpv cg hjfb fkxg}ps

phjf} }k c}'

Cg }bh upkhp`cjd vbkp} }hpa$ j mhdjs cg }bh vxnnhv}hm ko LKPXV O]J ~kxdm

dclhds bjh acgcajd caujf} kg }pjmh jgm cghv}ahg}ff

k~v `h}~hhg }bh }~kfkxg}pchv' ]jpcoov ~kxdm phajcg }bh vjah$ jv ~kxdm k}bhp phv}pcf}ckgv jgm

upkfhmxphv' ]bh fkaudhahg}jps ghhmv ko }bh }~k hfkgkachv ~kxdm hgfkxpjnh

}pjmh jgm cghv}ahg} ffk~v }k fkg}cgxh$ jppcgn jgs vbkflv' Cg j ukdc}cfjd vhgvh$

j mhdjs fkxdm upkh `hghfcjd okp }bh jnphhahg}v xd}caj}h upkvuhf}v' C} fkxdm

nch }bh }~k fkxg}pchv }cah }k phvkdh }bhcp mcoohphgfhv$ uphvxaj`ds vbkp} ko

phghnk}cj}cgn }bh O]J$ kg jx}k }pjmh$ ~bcfb bjh cauhmhm }bh juupkjd upkfhvv vk

ojp' Hfkgkacv} Ihoophs Vfbk}} "0552$ 3:# bjv vxnnhv}hm }bj} }bh X'V' nkhpgahg}

8' ]bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv jgm Vkx}b Lkphj phjfbhm jg jnphhahg} kg }bcv cvvxh$ jgm Vkx}b Lkphj bjv

phvxahm caukp}v ko X'V' hho'


16/27


fkxdm fbjgnh }jr jgm hruhgmc}xph ukdcfchv }bj} ~kxdm upkcmh ojkpj`dh }phj}ahg}

}k }bh X'V' jx}k cgmxv}ps jgm ajlh c} akph fkauh}c}ch' J mhdjs fkxdm jdvk jddk~

}bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv }k ~kpl }bpkxnb }bh cghc}j`dh ukdc}cfjd xgfhp}jcg}s fjxvhm s

}bh Gkha`hp 0552 hdhf}ckgv jgm okp }bh gh~ jmacgcv}pj}ckg jgm gh~ Fkgnphvv}k mhgh jgm mhhdku }bhcp phvuhf}ch ukdcfchv jgm v}pj}hnchv kg }pjmh ukdcfs }bj}

~cdd cghc}j`ds joohf} }bh ox}xph ko }bh LKPXV O]J' J} }bh vjah }cah$ kuukghg}v

ko }bh LKPXV O]J fkxdm xvh }bh mhdjs }k v}phgn}bhg }bhcp ukvc}ckgv$ kp }k k`}jcg

fbjgnhv }bj} }bhs phzxcph$ kp `k}b'

]bh caujf} ko j mhdjs cg }bh LKPXV O]J juupkjd ~kxdm dclhds `hfkah

akph hcmhg} jv }bh mhdjs nh}v dkgnhp jgm co c} `hncgv }k dkkl akph dclhds }k `h

cgmhgc}h$ co gk} jg kx}pcnb} phihf}ckg' J dkgn mhdjs kp j phihf}ckg ko }bh LKPXV

O]J ~kxdm bjh jg jmhpvh$ jd`hc} akmhv}$ ajfpkhfkgkacf caujf} kg `k}bfkxg}pchv' Hfkgkacf }bhkps vxnnhv}v }bj} ophhp }pjmh jgm cghv}ahg} uhpac}

hfkgkacf phvkxpfhv }k `h xvhm akph hofchg}ds$ cgfphjvcgn hfkgkacf npk~}b'

]bhphokph$ j mhdjs kp phihf}ckg ko }bh LKPXV O]J ~kxdm cauhmh }bh njcgv cg

hfkgkacf hofchgfs'

]bh akv} hcmhg} hoohf} ko j mhdjs kp phihf}ckg ~kxdm h kg }bh vcyh jgm uj}}hpgv

ko }pjmh jgm cghv}ahg} ffk~v' Khpjdd `cdj}hpjd }pjmh jgm cghv}ahg} ~kxdm

fkg}cgxh$ upk`j`ds j} pk`xv} pj}hv `jppcgn jgs vbkflv' ]bh dkgnhp j mhdjs cg

juupkjd hgvxhv$ bk~hhp$ }bh dkgnhp ~kxdm h }bh mhdjs cg }bh caudhahg}j}ckgko }bh phmxf}ckg jgm hdcacgj}ckg ko }jpcoov' Jd}bkxnb c}v caujf} kg khpjdd }pjmh

ffk~v ~kxdm h akmhv}$ }bh mhdjsv caujf} ~kxdm h nphj}hp kg }bkvh vhf}kpv }bj}

~hph upcahm }k njcg }bh akv}' Cg }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv$ jnpcfxd}xph ~kxdm ohhd }bh

caujf} jv bcnb Vkx}b Lkphjg }jpcoov kg opxc}v jgm hnh}j`dhv jgm zxk}jv kg mjcps

upkmxf}v jgm ahj}v ~kxdm fkg}cgxh' ]bh phmxf}ckg cg Vkx}b Lkphjg phv}pcf}ckgv

kggjgfcjd$ upkohvvckgjd$ jgm k}bhp vhpcfhv ~kxdm v}jdd$ joohf}cgn X'V' upkcmhpv

hookp}v }k cgfphjvh }bhcp uphvhgfh cg }bj} ajplh}' Okp Vkx}b Lkphj$ }bh X'V' }jpcoov

kg jx}kv jgm jx}k ujp}v ~kxdm phajcg$ vh}}cgn `jfl }bh kuukp}xgc}s okp Vkx}b

Lkphjg ajgxojf}xphpv }k njcg jg jmjg}jnh khp }bhcp Ijujghvh fkxg}hpujp}vcg }bh X'V' ajplh}' Okp vkah cgmxv}pchv$ bk~hhpokp hrjaudh$ vkah ujp}v ko

}bh Lkphjg `hho vhf}kp jgm }bh X'V' jx}k cgmxv}psj mhdjs kp phihf}ckg ko }bh

LKPXV O]J acnb} `h vhhg jv j njcg jv c} ~kxdm dcac} okphcng fkauh}c}ckg'

]bh hoohf}v fkxdm hfkah nphj}hp co hc}bhp fkxg}ps uxpvxhv O]Jv ~c}b k}bhp }pjmcgn

ujp}ghpv' Vkx}b Lkphj cv cg }bh acmv} ko O]J ghnk}cj}ckgv ~c}b Fjgjmj$ }bh Hxpkuhjg

Xgckg$ jgm k}bhp fkxg}pchv' Co fkaudh}hm$ }bh jnphhahg}v ~kxdm upkcmh X'V'

fkauh}c}kpv cg }bkvh jphjv j fkauh}c}ch jmjg}jnh cg }bh Vkx}b Lkphjg ajplh}'

Cg jmmc}ckg }k }bh caujf} kg }pjmh jgm cghv}ahg}ff

k~v$ j dkgn mhdjs kp phihf}ckgko }bh LKPXV O]J fkxdm bhcnb}hg }hgvckgv cg }bh cdj}hpjd hfkgkacf phdj}ckgvbcu'


17/27

Vbco}cgn V}pj}hncf jgm Ukdc}cfjd Phdj}ckgv ~c}b }bh Lkphjv :=3

LKPXV O]J ~jv cg}hgmhm jv j ahfbjgcva }k jmmphvv kp phvkdh cvvxhv }bj}

bjh bjauhphm }bh phdj}ckgvbcu okp ajgs shjpv jgm jv j okpxa }k bjgmdh ox}xph

hfkgkacf cvvxhv `hokph }bhs }bphj}hg }bh khpjdd phdj}ckgvbcu' C} fjg fhp}jcgds

`h jpnxhm }bj} }bh mhvcph }k vxffhvvoxdds fkaudh}h }bh LKPXV O]J vuxpphm }bhVkx}b Lkphjg dhjmhpvbcu cg 055? }k }jlh }bh pv} v}huv }k~jpm dco}cgn }bh `hho

`jg jgm hgfkxpjnhm }bha }k phmxfh }bh vfphhg zxk}j ajgmj}cgn j acgcaxa

gxa`hp ko bkxpv Vkx}b Lkphjg }bhj}hpv axv} vbk~ mkahv}cf akchv' Vcacdjpds$

}bh LKPXV O]J bhduhm }k vuxp }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv }k phvkdh }bh cvj!~jchp

cvvxh okp Vkx}b Lkphj' Co }bh LKPXV O]J fkddjuvhv$ }bh ukdc}cfjd hgcpkgahg}

vxppkxgmcgn X'V'Vkx}b Lkphj hfkgkacf phdj}ckgv fkxdm vkxp$ ajlcgn c} akph

mcofxd} okp cvvxhv }k h jmmphvvhm jgm phvkdhm' Cg upcj}h$ vkah X'V' xvcghvv

kofcjdv ~kpps }bj} j ojcdxph }k ujvv }bh LKPXV O]J ~kxdm dhjm Vkx}b Lkphjg

kofcjdv }k hoohf}chds uhgjdcyh X'V' fkaujgchv cg ox}xph phnxdj}kps mhfcvckgvkp cg akhv }k upcj}cyh v}j}h!pxg hg}hpupcvhv' Cg jmmc}ckg$ jv Dhh Ijh!acg

"0552# vxnnhv}v hdvh~bhph cg }bcv kdxah$ co }bh LKPXV O]J fkddjuvhv$ }bh

}~k fkxg}pchv ~kxdm gk} `hgh} opka }bh mcvux}h vh}}dhahg} upkcvckgv ko }bh

LKPXV O]J$ ~bcfb fkxdm upkcmh j akph ~kplj`dh opjah~kpl okp }bh }~k

fkxg}pchv }k ajgjnh }pjmh mcvux}hv'

Vbkxdm LKPXV h phihf}hm kp mhdjshm cgmhgc}hds$ }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv jgm Vkx}b

Lkphj ~kxdm bjh j gxa`hp ko ku}ckgv kg }bh hfkgkacf mcudkajfs opkg}' Kgh

cv }bj} }bhs fkxdm }phj} }pjmh cvvxhv kg jg jm bkf `jvcv$ hvvhg}cjdds phjf}cgn}k mcvux}hv jv }bhs jpcvh$ ~c}bkx} fphj}cgn jgs okpajd cgv}c}x}ckgv }k fbjgghd

mcvjnphhahg}v' J vhfkgm cv }bhs fkxdm phfkgv}c}x}h }bh ~kplcgn!dhhd }pjmh

jf}ckg jnhgmj ahh}cgnv }bj} ~hph bhdm hhps zxjp}hp opka 055: xg}cd }bh O]J

}jdlv ~hph djxgfbhm' Vkah fphmc} }bh ahh}cgnv ~c}b fphj}cgn j akph fkgv}pxf}ch

mcjdknxh s vhpcgn jv jf}ckg!okpfcgn hhg}v' ]bhs bhduhm lhhu }pjmh mcvux}hv

opka `hfkacgn jv jfpcakgckxv jv }bhs ~hph cg }bh :325v jgm :335v' J }bcpm

ku}ckg ~kxdm `h }k j}}hau} }k ghnk}cj}h vhf}kpjd `cdj}hpjd jnphhahg}v kg$ okp

cgv}jgfh$ }pjmh cg vhpcfhv kp }hdhfkaaxgcfj}ckgv' ]bcv$ bk~hhp$ ajs upkh

mco

fxd}' Jv ~jv ko}hg okxgm cg }bh vhf}kp!vuhfc

f ghnk}cj}ckgv `h}~hhg }bhXgc}hm V}j}hv jgm Ijujg cg }bh :335v$ okfxvcgn kg kgds kgh vhf}kp ko}hg phmxfhv

}bh fbjgfhv okp phjfbcgn jg jnphhahg} `hfjxvh ukdc}cfjd dhjmhpv jph xgj`dh }k

jfbchh fkgfhvvckgv jfpkvv vhf}kpv$ }bxv dcac}cgn }bh kuukp}xgc}chv }k ghnk}cj}h'

Jgk}bhp ku}ckg ~kxdm h okp }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv jgm Vkx}b Lkphj }k phvxpphf} }bhcp

ghnk}cj}ckgv kg j cdj}hpjd cghv}ahg} }phj}s< hjpdchp ghnk}cj}ckgv pklh mk~g cg

055: khp }bh vfphhg zxk}j cvvxh'


18/27


C_' ]bh LKPXV O]Jv V}pj}hncf Mcahgvckg

]bh X'V'!PKL V}pj}hncf Phdj}ckgvbcu xgmhp j LKPXV O]J

J} }bh }cah }bh LKPXV O]J ~jv djxgfbhm$ ajgs jgjdsv}v cg `k}b fkxg}pchv

vj~ }bh jnphhahg} jv j ahjgv }k phv}kph }bh bhjd}b ko j fpc}cfjd okphcng ukdcfs

jgm gj}ckgjd vhfxpc}s jddcjgfh' ]bh LKPXV O]J vkah}cahv ~jv mcvfxvvhm jv

j ukvvc`dh fkxg}hp~hcnb} }k }bh `cdj}hpjd opcf}ckg }bj} ~jv kffxppcgn khp cvvxhv

vxfb jv bk~ }k ajgjnh phdj}ckgv ~c}b Gkp}b Lkphj' ]bhvh }hgvckgv mhfphjvhm

ajplhmds cg 055>$ okddk~cgn }bh @xvb jmacgcv}pj}ckgv mhfcvckg }k udjfh nphj}hp

haubjvcv kg hgnjnhahg} jgm ghnk}cj}ckgv ~c}b Gkp}b Lkphj' Jmmc}ckgjdds$ }bh

phjfbcgn ko jnphhahg}v kg }bh kuhpj}ckgjd fkg}pkd ko X'V' jgm PKL okpfhv jgm

}bh phdkfj}ckg ko X'V' }pkkuv phmxfhm }bhvh vkxpfhv ko v}pj}hncf }hgvckg mxpcgn}bh dj}}hp shjpv ko }bh Pkb Akk!bsxg jmacgcv}pj}ckg' Gk~$ jd}bkxnb mcofxd}chv

phajcg cg caudhahg}cgn }bhvh jnphhahg}v$ xgmhp }bh Dhh jmacgcv}pj}ckg }bh

}jdl cv j`kx} bk~ }k hrujgm jgm `pkjmhg }bh jddcjgfh' ]bxv$ ~c}b }bh jddcjgfh

juujphg}ds kg pahp npkxgm$ }bh LKPXV O]Jjgm X'V'!PKL }pjmh phdj}ckgv

nhghpjddsgk dkgnhp juuhjp jv hrfhu}ckgjd jphjv ko `cdj}hpjd fkkuhpj}ckg'

Jd}bkxnb }bh O]Jv x}cdc}s jv jg jfx}h vjdh okp }bh jddcjgfh bjv `hhg phmxfhm$

ajgs bjh jpnxhm }bj} mxpcgn }bh ahmcxa jgm dkgnhp }hpa c} fkxdm bhdu }k kkv}

}bh jddcjgfh s mhhuhgcgn cdj}hpjd hfkgkacf jgm ukdc}cfjd }chv' Vkah Vkx}b Lkphjgupkukghg}v ko jg O]J `hdchh }bj} vxffhvvoxdds ghnk}cj}cgn jg jnphhahg} fkxdm

dhvvhg mcvjnphhahg}v `h}~hhg ^jvbcgn}kg jgm Vhkxd nhghpjdds$ `s fkauhddcgn

ukdc}cfcjgv jgm kofcjdv cg hjfb gj}ckg }k~jpm j mhhuhp xgmhpv}jgmcgn ko }bh

`pkjm okpfhv j} udjs cg }bh k}bhp$ jd}bkxnb cg fkgfph}h }hpav c} cv xgfdhjp bk~

}bcv ahh}cgn ko acgmv ~kxdm }jlh udjfh "Dhh jgm Dhh 0558$ :63#' Cg jggkxgfcgn

}bh djxgfb ko }bh O]J$ okp cgv}jgfh$ ]pjmh Acgcv}hp Lca Bsxg!fbkgn v}j}hm }bj}

}bh O]J djxgfb ~jv }bh akv} caukp}jg} hhg} cg }bh bcv}kps ko }bh jddcjgfh$

kgh }bj} ~kxdm }jlh }bh X'V'Vkx}b Lkphj phdj}ckgvbcu }k }bh ghr} }chp$ }bh ghr}

dhhd jd}bkxnb }bj} dhhd ~jv ghhp mhghm "XV]P 055?#'

Vkah hhg nk oxp}bhp `s caudscgn }bj} }bh LKPXV O]J ~kxdm bhdu phkpchg}

}bh jddcjgfh }k }bh fbjgnhv kg }bh Lkphjg uhgcgvxdj jgm cg Hjv} Jvcj' Bhph

}bh jpnxahg}v }kx}cgn }bh v}pj}hncf jdxh ko }bh LKPXV O]J jph upcajpcds

vsa`kdcf' ^c}b zxhv}ckgv j`kx} }bh x}cdc}s ko }bh jddcjgfh pcvcgn khp }bh ujv}

mhfjmh$ ajgs jpnxh jg O]J ~cdd bhdu upkcmh j gh~ jvcv okp }bh jddcjgfh$ ~c}b

vkah}bcgn }k v}jgm okp pj}bhp }bjg v}jgm jnjcgv}' Vcgfh }bh dj}h :335v$ hhg

jv Jahpcfjgv bjh fkah }k ohhd }bj} }bh mjgnhp opka Gkp}b Lkphj bjv cgfphjvhm$

Vkx}b Lkphjgv uhpfhu}ckg ko j }bphj} opka Gkp}b Lkphj bjv mhfdcghm ajplhmds"Ajpvbjdd 055?#' ]bcv bjv dhm vkah }k zxhv}ckg }bh uxpukvh ko }bh X'V'Vkx}b


19/27

Vbco}cgn V}pj}hncf jgm Ukdc}cfjd Phdj}ckgv ~c}b }bh Lkphjv :8:

Lkphj jddcjgfh$ ~bcfb cv uphmcfj}hm xukg mh}hppcgn jg j}}jfl `s Gkp}b Lkphj'

^c}b }bh fhg}pjd pj}ckgjdh okp }bh jddcjgfh cgfphjvcgnds kuhg }k zxhv}ckg cg Vkx}b

Lkphjjgm }bcv nju ~kxdm dclhds npk~ co Gkp}b Lkphj ~hph }k vxmmhgds fkddjuvh

kp co Gkp}b Lkphjg fkghg}ckgjd okpfhv fkg}cgxh }k mh}hpckpj}hjgm ~c}b ajgsVkx}b Lkphjgv kuukvhm }k jddk~cgn X'V' }pkkuv cg Vkx}b Lkphj }k mhudks }k

k}bhp ujp}v ko Jvcj "vxfb jv }bh ]jc~jg V}pjc}# cg }bh hhg} ko j fpcvcv }bhph$ }bh

ox}xph x}cdc}s jgm okpa ko }bh X'V'Vkx}b Lkphj jddcjgfh fkxdm h mh`j}hm kgfh

jnjcg cg ^jvbcgn}kg' Bjcgn j LKPXV O]J$ }bh kgds O]J }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv

~kxdm bjh cg Gkp}bhjv} Jvcj$ ~kxdm vsa`kdcyh }bj} X'V'!PKL }chv jph cg vkah

~js vuhfcjd'

]bj} vjcm$ cg fkgfph}h }hpav$ c} cv bjpm }k vhh bk~ }bh LKPXV O]J ~kxdm ajlh

j vcngcfjg} mcoohphgfh cg }bh v}pj}hncf phdj}ckgvbcu' ]bcv O]J cv xgdclhds }k jd}hphc}bhp fkxg}psv cg}hphv}v kg }bh uhgcgvxdj kp cg Gkp}bhjv} Jvcj' C} cv mcofxd} }k

vhh bk~ }bh hrcv}hgfh ko j LKPXV O]J mxpcgn }bh ujv} vhhpjd shjpv ~kxdm

bjh joohf}hm }bh 0550 upk}hv}v khp }bh lcddcgn ko }bh Lkphjg vfbkkdfbcdmphg$

Uphvcmhg} Pkbv mhfcvckg }k vhgm }pkkuv }k Cpjz$ }bh akh }k cgfdxmh Lkphj cg }bh

X'V' cvj!~jchp upknpja$ kp }bh mhfcvckg s }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv }k mpj~ mk~g c}v

}pkku uphvhgfh jgm phdkfj}h c}v }pkkuv cg Lkphj' Dclh~cvh$ ~kxdm jg O]J bjh

ajmh j mcoohphgfh cg }bh fxpphg} mh`j}h cg Vhkxd khp ~bh}bhp Vkx}b Lkphj vbkxdm

vhgm }pkkuv }k Jonbjgcv}jg; Jd}bkxnb vkah Vkx}b Lkphjg upkukghg}v ko jg O]J

`hdchh }bj} vxffhvvoxdds ghnk}cj}cgn jg jnphhahg} fkxdm dhvvhg mcvjnphhahg}v h}~hhg jvbcgn}kg jgm Vhkxd khp Gkp}b Lkphj ukdcfs$ }bcv cv xgdclhds }k h }bh

fjvh nchg }bh caukp}jgfh ko Gkp}b Lkphj cg }bh okphcng ukdcfchv ko k}b fkxg}pchv'

Jd}bkxnb }bh jpckxv fkaac}}hhv jgm mcvux}h phvkdx}ckg `kmchv fphj}hm `s }bh

LKPXV O]J ~kxdm hrukvh ukdcfsajlhpv kg `k}b vcmhv }k hjfb k}bhp$ c} cv bjpm

}k vhh bk~ }bhvh cg}hpjf}ckgv$ ~c}b }bh ukvvc`dh hrfhu}ckg ko }bh kuhg upkfhvvcgn

ykgh fkaac}}hh mcvfxvvhm `hdk~$ ~kxdm bjh akph }bjg j ajpncgjd caujf}'

X'V'!PKL V}pj}hncf Phdj}ckgv ~c}bkx} jg O]J

Jd}bkxnb }bh ujvvjnh ko }bh LKPXV O]J cv xgdclhds }k bjh j ajikp vx`v}jg}ch

caujf} kg }bh v}pj}hncf phdj}ckgvbcu$ j fkddjuvh ko }bh O]J ~kxdm dclhds bjh

j upkokxgm vsa`kdcf hoohf}$ ujp}cfxdjpds kg }bh ~js Vkx}b Lkphjgv ch~ }bh

jddcjgfh' Vsa`kdcva aj}}hpv' Co }bh O]J cv phihf}hm kp vx`ihf}hm }k j upkdkgnhm

mhdjs `s }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv$ c} ~kxdm `h j ajikp uvsfbkdkncfjd `dk~ }k ajgs

Vkx}b Lkphjg ukdcfsajlhpv ~bk ~kxdm dclhds vhh c} jv j `h}pjsjd' ]bcv ~kxdm

h ujp}cfxdjpds }pxh vcgfh$ cg }bhcp hshv$ }bhs ajmh ukdc}cfjdds fkv}ds fkgfhvvckgv

kg jx}kv$ `hho$ dj`kp$ jgm }bh hgcpkgahg} }k bhdu hgvxph }bh jnphhahg} ~kxdm

`h akph ojkpj`ds phfhchm cg }bh X'V' Fkgnphvv' ]bh LKPXV O]Jv ojcdxphcg }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv$ jffkpmcgn }k vkah Lkphjg ukdc}cfcjgv jgm ukdcfsajlhpv$


20/27


~kxdm dhgm fphmhgfh }k jpnxahg}v cg Vkx}b Lkphj }bj} }bh Xgc}hm V}j}hv cv j

vhdvb$ vhdo!cg}hphv}hm ujp}ghp ~bkvh fkaac}ahg} }k Lkphj jgm Gkp}bhjv} Jvcj

cv mhfdcgcgn' Co }bhvh uhpfhu}ckgv }jlh bkdm$ c} ~kxdm cgfphjvh }bh ukdc}cfjd fkv}v

ko Vkx}b Lkphjg dhjmhpv }jlcgn xgukuxdjp mhfcvckgv kg `hbjdo ko }bh jddcjgfh

Can the United States and South Korea Sing without KORUS? The Economic and Strategic Effects of the...

Documents

Transcript of Can the United States and South Korea Sing without KORUS? The Economic and Strategic Effects of the...