Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in...
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![Page 1: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the
equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in
the outer tropics?
Dr. Antoine Rabatel, Ing. E. Loarte, Dr. A. Soruco, Ing. J. Gomez
August 28, 2009
Ph : B. Pouyaud
Huaraz, 1 - 4 de julio 2013
Laboratorio Mixto Internacional GREAT – ICE
Servicio de Observacion GLACIOCLIM
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Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
Context
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1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
“The World Glacier Inventory contains information for over 100,000 glaciers through out the
world. Parameters within the inventory include: geographic location, area, length, orientation,
elevation, and classification of morphological type and moraines.”
World Glacier Inventory website
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Context
2 / 18
“The World Glacier Inventory contains information for over 100,000 glaciers through out the
world. Parameters within the inventory include: geographic location, area, length, orientation,
elevation, and classification of morphological type and moraines.”
World Glacier Inventory website
“Basic information on specific net balance, cumulative specific balance, accumulation area
ratio and equilibrium line altitude is given for 111 glaciers.”
GMBB #10, WGMS-Zurich, 2009
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
![Page 4: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Context
2 / 18
0.1 % of the glaciers are monitored at worldscale
Limitation for the study of:
- glacier sensitivity to climate/morphological parameters
- glacier contribution to hydrological systems
“The World Glacier Inventory contains information for over 100,000 glaciers through out the
world. Parameters within the inventory include: geographic location, area, length, orientation,
elevation, and classification of morphological type and moraines.”
World Glacier Inventory website
“Basic information on specific net balance, cumulative specific balance, accumulation area
ratio and equilibrium line altitude is given for 111 glaciers.”
GMBB #10, WGMS-Zurich, 2009
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
![Page 5: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Context
2 / 18
Remote-sensing is an efficient tool to realize the
measurement of glaciological parameters at a regional scale
0.1 % of the glaciers are monitored at worldscale
Limitation for the study of:
- glacier sensitivity to climate/morphological parameters
- glacier contribution to hydrological systems
“The World Glacier Inventory contains information for over 100,000 glaciers through out the
world. Parameters within the inventory include: geographic location, area, length, orientation,
elevation, and classification of morphological type and moraines.”
World Glacier Inventory website
“Basic information on specific net balance, cumulative specific balance, accumulation area
ratio and equilibrium line altitude is given for 111 glaciers.”
GMBB #10, WGMS-Zurich, 2009
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
![Page 6: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
3 / 18
Background
Equilibrium line, MB = 0
Acc > Ab
Saint Sorlin Glacier (French Alps)
For mid-latitude glaciers : end-of-summer snowline = equilibrium line
Ab > Acc
The snowline is easy to identify on optical satellite images
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
![Page 7: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
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Background
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
![Page 8: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
4 / 18
Background
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
![Page 9: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Background
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
BUT !
5 / 18
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5 / 18
Background
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
BUT !
![Page 11: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
Tropical climate generates a sequence of
accumulation and ablation processes all
year round that differs from that of mid-
latitude glaciers.
6 / 18
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
Outer tropical Andes (Peru – Bolivia)
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Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
Ph : B. Pouyaud
Monthly mass balance measurements on
the glacier tongue (5250 – 4850 m a.s.l.)
ELAi for each year i
Mass balance gradient
Zongo Glacier (Bolivia, 16 S)Monitored since 1991
IRD-France and UMSA-Bolivia0
z
b
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
![Page 13: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
8 / 18
Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
Ph : B. Pouyaud
Monthly mass balance measurements on
the glacier tongue (up to 4850 m a.s.l.)
ELAi for each year i
Mass balance gradient
Artesonraju Glacier (Peru, 9 S)Monitored since 2000
UGRH - ANA
z
b
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
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Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
List of the used satellite images
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Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
How to detect the snowline on satellite images?
Test of different combinations of bands and band ratios applied on Landsat-5 image
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11 / 18
Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
Comparison of the highest remote-sensed SLA for each year and the annual ELA
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11 / 18
Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
Comparison of the highest remote-sensed SLA for each year and the annual ELA
![Page 18: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
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Reconstruction of glacier surface mass balance from the SLA
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
![Page 19: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
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Reconstruction of glacier surface mass balance from the SLA
z
bSLASLAtb ieq )()(
Snowline altitude for each year i of the study
period, computed from satellite images
Snowline altitude representative of a steady state of
the glacier
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
![Page 20: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
12 / 18
Mass balance gradient derived
from field data, valid at a regional
scalez
bSLASLAtb ieq )()(
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
Reconstruction of glacier surface mass balance from the SLA
![Page 21: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
12 / 18
z
bSLASLAtb ieq )()(
n
ieqzb
BSLA
nSLA
1 /
1with:
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
Reconstruction of glacier surface mass balance from the SLA
![Page 22: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
12 / 18
Mean mass balance of the glacier over
the study period computed by DEM
difference
z
bSLASLAtb ieq )()(
n
ieqzb
BSLA
nSLA
1 /
1with:
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
Reconstruction of glacier surface mass balance from the SLA
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
![Page 23: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
13 / 18
11 glaciers where is available.
Soruco et al., 2009
)0697(B
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
Reconstruction of glacier surface mass balance from the SLA
![Page 24: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
14 / 18
Zongo Glacier (Bolivia, 16 S)
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
Reconstruction of glacier surface mass balance from the SLA
Comparison between mass balance
derived from SLA measurements
and field measurements
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
![Page 25: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
15 / 18
Good consistency between
the glaciers
ENSO is the main forcing of
the interannual variability
El Niño
La Niña
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
Reconstruction of glacier surface mass balance from the SLA
![Page 26: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Important difference:
between -3.4 m w.e. and
-21.3 m w.e.
16 / 18
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
Reconstruction of glacier surface mass balance from the SLA
![Page 27: Can the snowline be used as an indicator of the equilibrium-line and mass balance for glaciers in the outer tropics?](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081404/5593a5eb1a28abf23c8b45b5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
1) Context & background
2) Validation of the method for the outer tropical Andes
3) Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
Application to the Cordillera Real - Bolivia
Morphological parameters are the
main factors controlling the
difference in volume loss between
the studied glaciers
circles = glaciers with a mean elavation > 5150 m a.s.l.
triangles = glaciers with a mean elavation < 5150 m a.s.l.
17 / 18Dr. A. Rabatel, LMI Great Ice, 1-4 julio 2013
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Gracias!See also the poster by Ing. Edwin Loarte et al. for an application in the Cordillera Blanca
Rabatel et al., 2005. J. of Glaciology, 51(175), 539-546
Rabatel et al., 2008. J. of Glaciology, 54(185), 307-314
Rabatel et al., 2012. J. of Glaciology, 58(212), 1027-1036